EP1092846A2 - Optimisation hydrodynamique d'un corps catalytique - Google Patents

Optimisation hydrodynamique d'un corps catalytique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1092846A2
EP1092846A2 EP00121383A EP00121383A EP1092846A2 EP 1092846 A2 EP1092846 A2 EP 1092846A2 EP 00121383 A EP00121383 A EP 00121383A EP 00121383 A EP00121383 A EP 00121383A EP 1092846 A2 EP1092846 A2 EP 1092846A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
catalytic
shaped body
body according
molded body
catalytic shaped
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP00121383A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1092846B1 (fr
EP1092846A3 (fr
Inventor
Michael Bender
Andreas Wölfert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BASF SE
Original Assignee
BASF SE
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BASF SE filed Critical BASF SE
Publication of EP1092846A2 publication Critical patent/EP1092846A2/fr
Publication of EP1092846A3 publication Critical patent/EP1092846A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1092846B1 publication Critical patent/EP1092846B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
    • F01N3/2807—Metal other than sintered metal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/18—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes the axis of inlet or outlet tubes being other than the longitudinal axis of apparatus

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a catalytic molded body with an upstream and a downstream surface, as well as a peripheral surface.
  • the exhaust gas is cleaned with the aid of a catalytic converter.
  • the exhaust gas stream is passed through a catalytic molded body arranged in the exhaust gas line of the motor vehicle.
  • a catalytic molded body usually has a multiplicity of channel-like structures which are arranged parallel to the axis of the catalytic shaped body.
  • the customary catalytic moldings are either made from ceramic materials or from metal.
  • the material can either itself be catalytically active or the walls of the channels can be coated with a catalytically active material, usually metals such as platinum, vanadium, cobalt, nickel, chromium etc.
  • the catalytic molded body When installed, the catalytic molded body is arranged in a housing in the exhaust line of a motor vehicle. During operation, the exhaust gas flows against the end face of the catalytic molding. The total gas flow is divided into a large number of individual gas flows which are passed through the channel-like structures and reunite on the downstream surface of the catalytic shaped body. The exchange between the individual gas flows is restricted by the at least partially, in extreme cases completely gas-tight walls of the channels.
  • the cross-sectional area of the catalytic shaped body is generally larger than that of the tube through which the exhaust gas stream coming from the engine is fed to the catalytic converter. The cross section of the exhaust gas flow at the entrance is drastically expanded by the housing in which the catalytic molded body is installed and reduced again at the exit.
  • Paper # 98 04 24 describes that the flow against a molded body by the extension of the Inlet funnel and drain funnel can be improved.
  • this is disadvantageous because the geometric length of the honeycomb body Catalytic converter housing extended and tolerable limits are quickly exceeded.
  • No. 3,964,875 describes a catalyst system for cleaning car exhaust gases a housing and a catalytic molded body arranged therein.
  • a deflector in the form of an impeller at the entrance to the housing arranged, through which the incoming exhaust gas gets a swirl and radially outwards is distributed. This is intended to provide a more even flow to the face of the catalytic shaped body can be achieved.
  • the shaped body should be designed so that the flow resistance of the individual channel-like structures to be flowed through varies radially. This will the flow resistance in the direction of the lateral pressure drop is reduced, so that over the entire cross section of the molded body a uniform flow rate is achieved.
  • DE 43 39 447 A1 proposes changing the channel density Flow resistance to vary.
  • This is a curved honeycomb body proposed that has a number of through openings that pass through this extend along a direction in which the honeycomb body is curved.
  • the distances between the inner partitions that define the through openings are on a radially outer side of a curved section is set larger than on a radially inner side thereof.
  • This means that the cross section of the radially outer through openings is smaller than the cross section in the radial Direction through openings. So the flow resistance, the passage openings on the outside in the radial direction with fewer Cross-sectional area larger than that of the radially inner through openings larger cross-sectional area.
  • the same effect can be achieved by varying the channel length. This happens preferably in that the shaped body along its axis a larger Has expansion than in the longitudinal direction along its circumferential surface.
  • DE 22 01 881 describes a one-piece support body through channels for catalysts described, the support body conical or at least on one side lying in the flow path of the gas is pyramid-shaped. This conical or pyramidal section of the Carrier body is preferably arranged on the upstream side.
  • a comparable route is followed with the teaching of DE 24 28 964.
  • the catalytic molded body is for Longitudinal axis longer than in the edge areas, so that in the area of the larger Flow energy by correspondingly increasing the length of the application flow in the Flow center a greater flow resistance and thus a more uniform Flow can be achieved over the entire cross-section of the application.
  • EP 0 818 613 also teaches a catalyst device for cleaning exhaust gases.
  • This consists of a tubular housing that is located at both ends Tapered in the shape of a truncated cone.
  • a catalytic molded body is provided in the housing, wherein the end face against which the exhaust gas flows has a convex curvature. Together with the frustoconical section of the housing, this is said to be a more uniform distribution of the flow velocity across the cross section can be achieved.
  • DE 197 49 379 describes a catalyst carrier body which is a has improved heat radiation behavior from the individual layers of the matrix.
  • the catalyst carrier body on the outflow side Has a head start.
  • the projection can be shaped differently. It will proposed to design the projection conical or frustoconical or that the projecting shape by an essentially inward from the perimeter of the matrix extending, at least partially convex curvature is formed. Through the protruding shape increases the area that is used for heat radiation and thus for Heat transfer to the exhaust gas flowing off is available.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a catalytic shaped body, which enables a better homogenization of the inflow.
  • This task is accomplished by a catalytic molded body with an upstream and a downstream surface solved in that the upstream surface as a lateral surface a conical or frustoconical projection is formed, the outer surface has a concave curvature at least in sections.
  • the upstream surface is designed as a lateral surface of a conical or frustoconical projection, wherein the lateral surface has a concave curvature at least in sections, a compared to the designs known from the prior art on the upstream surface, much more homogeneous flow distribution can be achieved. Due to its uniform flow, the catalytic according to the invention shows Moldings have a better effectiveness and a longer shelf life because no or at least a significantly lower early deactivation of the catalyst in particular heavily used areas.
  • the concave curvature of the upstream surface extends from the circumference of the catalytic shaped body towards the axis lying in the flow direction.
  • the lead ideally ends in a tip. However, because of the high mechanical loads in this area occur, the tip can also be cut.
  • the lead then gets one frustoconical shape.
  • the truncated cone can be rounded on the upstream side. This will achieved when the lateral surface has a convex curvature in sections.
  • the curved end face can be designed that it is when looking at a longitudinal section through the catalytic shaped body composed of linear sections, with two adjacent linear sections each form an angle with each other.
  • the Enveloping the lateral surface has a concave curvature. Particularly good results in the homogeneity distribution of the flow, however, are obtained if the Curvature of the upstream surface is smooth.
  • the face on the inflow side with the inventive one To design curvature.
  • the downstream surface of the catalytic shaped body be planar. This can save costs can be achieved in the production of the catalytic shaped body.
  • the catalytic shaped body is designed in such a way that the Catalytic shaped body is designed as a monolith.
  • the catalytic molded body can be constructed from a catalytically active material. This is possible, for example, by designing it as a metal catalyst.
  • the catalytic shaped body is parallel to Longitudinal axis of the catalytic shaped channels running through, the Walls are preferably coated with a catalytically active material.
  • a housing for receiving the catalytic Shaped body is provided with a tubular section at the ends conical sections are formed.
  • the frustoconical sections represent the Transition between the exhaust pipe coming from the engine, which has a low Has diameter, to the tubular section of the catalyst housing.
  • the slope of the truncated cone can be the flow profile over the cross section of the influence the catalytic molding.
  • the conical sections can on the upstream or downstream side of the catalyst housing different Have slopes.
  • the catalytic shaped body according to the invention is particularly suitable for cleaning Material flows, especially exhaust gas flows from internal combustion engines.
  • FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a catalytic shaped body 1 according to the invention.
  • Exhaust gas flows through the catalytic shaped body 1 in the direction of arrow 2. It has an upstream surface 3, a downstream surface 4 and one Circumferential surface 5.
  • the catalytic molded body can be (not shown) Channels that run in the direction of the longitudinal axis 6 of the molded body 1.
  • the upstream surface 3 of the catalytic shaped body 1 is curved, the line which is in longitudinal section between the axis 6 of the molded body and the Circumferential surface 5 extends, has a concave curvature.
  • the catalytic molded body 1 therefore forms a cone 7 on the inflow side, the lateral surface 8 of which is concave Has curvature.
  • the cone 7 runs into a tip 9 out. This is subject to high mechanical loads during the operation of the catalytic converter. It is therefore also possible to design the cone 7 as a truncated cone or the tip 9 round off to achieve increased mechanical stability.
  • This embodiment is represented by the dashed line 15.
  • the downstream surface 4 of the In the illustrated embodiment, the catalytic shaped body is designed to be planar.
  • the catalytic molded body can be made of a ceramic material, or also be designed as a metal catalyst.
  • the catalytic molded body 1 is in a housing 10, for example made of stainless steel exists, built.
  • the housing 10 comprises a tubular portion 11, the Inner diameter is the maximum outer diameter of the catalytic shaped body 1 corresponds, so that the inflowing exhaust gas forcibly the catalytic molded body 1 must flow through.
  • At the two ends of the tubular section 11 close each conical sections 12a, 12b.
  • the conical sections 12a, 12b Through these conical sections 12a, 12b, the diameter of the infeed or outfeed is widened or reduced Exhaust pipes 13a, 13b on the diameter of the catalytic shaped body 1.
  • the slope The amount of the conical section on the upstream side is chosen to be greater than on the downstream side.
  • the installation of the catalytic molded body 1 in the housing 10 takes place in such a way that the cone 7 of the catalytic shaped body 1 in the protrudes conical section 12a of the housing 10.
  • FIG. 2 shows longitudinal sections through different catalytic shaped bodies 1, which are each installed in a housing 10. For the sake of simplicity, only those are shown upper halves of the catalyst device.
  • the representation is schematic and does not correspond to a real version in scale.
  • the four catalytic shaped bodies shown each have a circular shape Cross section on. They differ in the design of the upstream or downstream face.
  • the catalytic moldings correspond to Representations 2a to c embodiments from the prior art.
  • Figure 2d shows one Embodiment of the catalytic shaped body according to the invention.
  • Figure 2e shows one special embodiment of the lateral surface of the catalytic according to the invention Molded body.
  • Figure 2 a shows a catalytic molded body, the end faces both on the The upstream side is planar as on the downstream side.
  • Figure 2b shows one Catalytic molded body, the upstream surface of which is conical, wherein the lateral surface of the cone has no curvature.
  • the downstream face is executed planar.
  • Figure 2c shows a catalytic molded body in which both on the upstream side and on the downstream side as a jacket of a cone.
  • the lateral surface has no curvature.
  • Figure 2d corresponds to one Embodiment of the catalytic shaped body according to the invention.
  • the end face is designed as a lateral surface of a cone, the Lateral surface has a concave curvature in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the catalytic Has molded body.
  • a monolithic honeycomb shaped body made of copper spinel active material was installed in each case.
  • the shaped bodies produced corresponded in their longitudinal section to the representations in FIGS. 2a to d.
  • the maximum diameter of the monoliths was in each case 13.2 cm, and the longitudinal extent in the embodiment according to FIG. 2a was 15.2 cm.
  • the longitudinal extent in the section with constant diameter corresponded to the embodiment according to FIG. 2a.
  • All four monoliths a to d were crossed by the same number of square longitudinal channels of the same lateral dimensions (400 cpsi; 7.2 mil). The monoliths were each installed in the same housing and measured in a test apparatus.
  • a gas stream was applied to the monolith to be tested in such a way that a gas load of 90,000 h -1 resulted. Atmospheric air was used as the test gas.
  • the temperature of the gas stream was 450 ° C, which corresponds to a value characteristic for exhaust gas temperatures.
  • the flow velocities were measured on the outflow side.
  • the measurement results are shown in FIG. 3.
  • the normalized tube speed (y) is plotted against the radius (x).
  • Figure 2e schematically shows an embodiment of the upstream end face, as it is e.g. occurs with wound catalysts.
  • the individual windings on the upstream end face each formed stages 16.
  • Levels 16 are like this shaped that the envelope, the longitudinal section through the dashed line 17th is shown, has a concave curvature.
  • Figure 4 shows schematically cross sections through different housing shapes for catalytic moldings.
  • the longitudinal axis 14 of the falls supplying exhaust pipe together with the longitudinal axis 6 of the catalytic molded body.
  • the surface on the inflow side is a shell surface symmetrical cone or truncated cone.
  • the longitudinal axis 14 falls of the supplying exhaust pipe not with the longitudinal axis 6 of the catalytic molded body together.
  • the surface on the inflow side is a shell surface asymmetrical cone or truncated cone according to the teaching of the invention to execute.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
EP00121383A 1999-10-14 2000-10-12 Optimisation hydrodynamique d'un corps catalytique Expired - Lifetime EP1092846B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19949568 1999-10-14
DE19949568A DE19949568A1 (de) 1999-10-14 1999-10-14 Hydrodynamisch optimierter katalytischer Formkörper

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1092846A2 true EP1092846A2 (fr) 2001-04-18
EP1092846A3 EP1092846A3 (fr) 2003-06-25
EP1092846B1 EP1092846B1 (fr) 2005-04-06

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ID=7925652

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00121383A Expired - Lifetime EP1092846B1 (fr) 1999-10-14 2000-10-12 Optimisation hydrodynamique d'un corps catalytique

Country Status (4)

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EP (1) EP1092846B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2001162178A (fr)
AT (1) ATE292745T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19949568A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1215374A1 (fr) * 2000-12-14 2002-06-19 Detroit Diesel Corporation Dispositif comprenant un catalyseur pour contrôler les émissions pour un moteur de véhicule automobile
FR2876145A1 (fr) * 2004-10-05 2006-04-07 Renault Sas Dispositif de depollution de gaz d'echappement, et vehicule automobile equipe d'un tel dispositif
WO2007028697A1 (fr) * 2005-09-05 2007-03-15 Robert Bosch Gmbh Element filtrant a repartition de suie amelioree

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10021166A1 (de) * 2000-04-29 2001-11-08 Univ Stuttgart Katalysator mit optimierter Durchströmung

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2201881A1 (de) 1972-01-15 1973-07-19 Volkswagenwerk Ag Aus einem stueck bestehender traegerkoerper fuer katalysatoren
DE2428964A1 (de) 1974-06-15 1976-01-02 Bosch Gmbh Robert Abgasreaktor, insbesondere fuer brennkraftmaschinen
US3964875A (en) 1974-12-09 1976-06-22 Corning Glass Works Swirl exhaust gas flow distribution for catalytic conversion
DE3627637A1 (de) 1986-03-18 1987-10-01 Fujitsubo Giken Co Katalysatorauspufftopf
DE4339447A1 (de) 1992-11-20 1994-05-26 Ngk Insulators Ltd Gekrümmte Wabenkörper
EP0818613A1 (fr) 1996-07-08 1998-01-14 Corning Incorporated Système de purification de gaz d'échappement
DE19749379A1 (de) 1997-11-07 1999-05-20 Emitec Emissionstechnologie Katalysator-Trägerkörper mit verbesserter Wärmeabstrahlung

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3910850A (en) * 1973-12-19 1975-10-07 Grace W R & Co Contoured monolithic substrate
DE2364425A1 (de) * 1973-12-22 1975-07-10 Boysen Friedrich Kg Katalysator, insbesondere fuer auspuffund entgiftungsanlagen

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2201881A1 (de) 1972-01-15 1973-07-19 Volkswagenwerk Ag Aus einem stueck bestehender traegerkoerper fuer katalysatoren
DE2428964A1 (de) 1974-06-15 1976-01-02 Bosch Gmbh Robert Abgasreaktor, insbesondere fuer brennkraftmaschinen
US3964875A (en) 1974-12-09 1976-06-22 Corning Glass Works Swirl exhaust gas flow distribution for catalytic conversion
DE3627637A1 (de) 1986-03-18 1987-10-01 Fujitsubo Giken Co Katalysatorauspufftopf
DE4339447A1 (de) 1992-11-20 1994-05-26 Ngk Insulators Ltd Gekrümmte Wabenkörper
EP0818613A1 (fr) 1996-07-08 1998-01-14 Corning Incorporated Système de purification de gaz d'échappement
DE19749379A1 (de) 1997-11-07 1999-05-20 Emitec Emissionstechnologie Katalysator-Trägerkörper mit verbesserter Wärmeabstrahlung

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1215374A1 (fr) * 2000-12-14 2002-06-19 Detroit Diesel Corporation Dispositif comprenant un catalyseur pour contrôler les émissions pour un moteur de véhicule automobile
FR2876145A1 (fr) * 2004-10-05 2006-04-07 Renault Sas Dispositif de depollution de gaz d'echappement, et vehicule automobile equipe d'un tel dispositif
WO2007028697A1 (fr) * 2005-09-05 2007-03-15 Robert Bosch Gmbh Element filtrant a repartition de suie amelioree

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE50009972D1 (de) 2005-05-12
ATE292745T1 (de) 2005-04-15
DE19949568A1 (de) 2001-04-19
EP1092846B1 (fr) 2005-04-06
EP1092846A3 (fr) 2003-06-25
JP2001162178A (ja) 2001-06-19

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