EP1091175B1 - Procédé et dispositif pour déterminer et commander l'excès d'air dans un processus de combustion - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour déterminer et commander l'excès d'air dans un processus de combustion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1091175B1
EP1091175B1 EP00120859A EP00120859A EP1091175B1 EP 1091175 B1 EP1091175 B1 EP 1091175B1 EP 00120859 A EP00120859 A EP 00120859A EP 00120859 A EP00120859 A EP 00120859A EP 1091175 B1 EP1091175 B1 EP 1091175B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
formation
determined
radiation
combustion
determining
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00120859A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1091175A3 (fr
EP1091175A2 (fr
Inventor
Thomas Dr. Merklein
Heino Sand
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP1091175A2 publication Critical patent/EP1091175A2/fr
Publication of EP1091175A3 publication Critical patent/EP1091175A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1091175B1 publication Critical patent/EP1091175B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/08—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements
    • F23N5/082—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/003—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2229/00—Flame sensors
    • F23N2229/16—Flame sensors using two or more of the same types of flame sensor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for determining the excess air in a combustion process.
  • the invention relates to a corresponding device for determining the excess air.
  • the determined rates of formation of the selected reaction products are only of limited suitability for the control or regulation of the combustion process, since they are influenced inter alia by the size and position of the observed section of the combustion flame and by the reaction frequency controlled by the mass of the supplied fuels.
  • An essential measure of the quality of a combustion is the excess of air. This designates the air / fuel ratio, which is one if as much air or oxygen is supplied as is needed for the combustion process. An air excess less than one, so one Too little air supply, resulting in incomplete combustion, while an excess of air greater than one, or too much injected air, among other things, leads to a concentration of the combustion process at the burner mouth, resulting in increased combustion temperatures. In addition, the injection and heating of larger amounts of air is associated with corresponding energy losses.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to enable the fastest possible, simple and spatially resolving determination of the excess air in a combustion process and to further regulate the combustion process.
  • the object is achieved by the method specified in claim 1 or the device specified in claim 5.
  • the invention is based on the finding that a decreasing excess air due to incomplete combustion leads to an increased formation of CO, while an increasing Excess air due to the increased combustion temperature leads to increased CN formation. Only with a clearly excessive air excess, the too much injected air can contribute to the cooling and thereby reduce the CN formation again.
  • the ratio of the rates of formation of CN and CO thus forms in the vicinity of the excess air value one, ie when a large part of the air contributes to the combustion, a suitable measure to determine the excess air and, subsequently, the combustion process, in particular the supplied air and / or their distribution, to settle.
  • the determination of the formation rates of CN and CO can be carried out in a manner known per se by means of emission spectroscopy.
  • the rates of formation of CN and CO from the radiation intensities in at least four different wavelength ranges of the radiation spectrum of the combustion flame are preferably determined with at least four cameras by determining the radiation intensities in the formation of CN and CO in two wavelength ranges and the radiation intensities determined from these The radiation intensities determined by the two other wavelength ranges are subtracted from the temperature radiation after the ratio pyrometry.
  • each of the cameras has only a narrowband waveband of the radiation spectrum of Ver detected flame of flame, in practice, in contrast to spectrometers, which have a high frequency but low spatial resolution, the excess air with high spatial resolution and quickly determined and thus be used as a suitable control variable for the control of excess air in the combustion process.
  • a combustion process takes place in a fire or combustion chamber 1 of a steam generator, not shown, eg a fossil-fired steam generator of a power plant or a waste incineration plant.
  • Optical sensors 2 and 3 in the form of special cameras detect the radiation spectrum of the combustion flames 4 in selected observation points or sections.
  • the information 5 thus obtained is fed to a data-processing device 6 which uses the acquired radiation spectra, eg by means of computer tomographic reconstruction, a spatial temperature distribution and three-dimensional spatially resolved profiles of the formation rates K of selected reaction products formed in the combustion process.
  • the temperature is determined by ratio pyrometry and the formation rates K of the reaction products by emission spectroscopy determined.
  • the thus determined formation rates K are, in addition to other controlled and controlled variables 8, fed to a control and regulating device 9 which controls the fuel supply and distribution 10, the air supply and distribution 11 and the supply and distribution 12 of additives and auxiliaries for the combustion process or regulates.
  • the formation rates K (CN) and K (CO) of the radical CN and of the molecule CO which are relevant for the invention are, after their determination in the device 6, fed to a device 13 which determines the ratio K (CN) / K (CO) of these two reaction products forms and gives as a controlled variable of a control 14 for the air supply and distribution.
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of the radiation spectrum of a combustion flame 4 in an observation point, wherein the radiation intensity I is plotted against the wavelength ⁇ .
  • the radiation intensity I is essentially composed of the temperature radiation TS (Planck radiation) and the band radiation BS (chemiluminescence) emitted at certain radical transitions.
  • characteristic intensity peaks are characterized here, wherein interest in the context of the invention, the intensities of the resulting in the formation of CN at about 420nm and CO at about 450nm strip radiation BS.
  • the temperature component TS of the radiation intensities I measured for these reaction products can be calculated and subtracted at a known temperature.
  • the temperature radiation TS is determined according to the ratio pyrometry of wavelengths ⁇ , in which no radical transitions occur; The corresponding bandless wavelength ranges are usually found in the red or infrared range.
  • FIG. 3 shows by way of example the dependence of the CN formation and CO formation on the excess air L in the combustion process.
  • An air excess L less than one leads to one incomplete combustion, which is associated with increased CO formation.
  • too much injected air leads to a concentration of the combustion process at the burner mouth with the consequence of increased combustion temperatures and therefore higher CN formation. If too much air is blown in to an increased extent, this in turn can contribute to cooling and thereby reduce CN formation.
  • one and the same observation point or section of the combustion flame 4 in the firing or combustion chamber 1 is imaged onto four CCD cameras 15, 16, 17 and 18, which due to upstream narrowband filters 19, 20 , 21 and 22 detect the radiation intensities I in four different wavelength ranges of the radiation spectrum of the combustion flame 4.
  • the temperature radiation TS is determined in the CCD cameras 15, 16, 17 and 18 downstream device 6 according to the ratio pyrometry.
  • the other two radiation intensities are used to determine the band radiations BS emitted in the formation of CN and CO in the wavelength ranges around 420 nm and 450 nm, respectively.
  • the proportion of the temperature radiation TS is subtracted from these determined for CN and CO radiation intensities I, so that the respective band radiations BS and thus the formation rates K (CN) and K (CO) are obtained, from which in the device 13, the excess air L representing ratio K (CN) / K (CO) is formed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Procédé de détermination de l'excès (L) d'air dans un processus de combustion, en déterminant les vitesses K(CN) et K(CO) de formation des produits CN et CO de réaction formés dans la combustion,
    caractérisé en ce que l'on forme le rapport K(CN)/K(CO) des vitesses de formation déterminées en tant que grandeur représentative de l'excès (L) d'air.
  2. Procédé suivant la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que l'on forme la grandeur représentée par le rapport K(CN)/K(CO) des vitesses de formation déterminées comme grandeur de réglage pour une régulation (14).
  3. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que l'on détermine les vitesses K(CN)/K(CO) de formation au moyen d'une spectroscopie d'émission à partir du rayonnement propre de la flamme (4) de combustion.
  4. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 2,
    caractérisé en ce que l'on détermine les vitesses K(CN)/K(CO) de formation à partir des intensités (I) du rayonnement dans au moins quatre domaines de longueur d'onde différents du spectre du rayonnement de la flamme (4) de combustion, en déterminant dans deux domaines de longueur d'onde les intensités (I) du rayonnement lors de la formation de CN et de CO et en soustrayant de ces intensités (I) de rayonnement déterminées le rayonnement (TS) de température déterminé par la pyrométrie de rapport à partir des intensités (I) de rayonnement déterminées dans les deux autres domaines de longueur d'onde.
  5. Installation de détermination de l'excès (L) d'air dans un processus de combustion comprenant un dispositif (2, 3, 6) de détermination des vitesses K(CN) et K(CO) de formation des produits CN et CO de réaction formés dans la combustion,
    caractérisée en ce qu'il est prévu un dispositif (13) en aval de formation du rapport K(CN)/K(CO) des vitesses de formation déterminées en tant que grandeur représentative de l'excès (L) d'air.
  6. Installation suivant la revendication 5,
    caractérisée en ce que le dispositif (13) en aval est relié à une régulation (14).
  7. Installation suivant la revendication 5 ou 6,
    caractérisée en ce que le dispositif (2, 3, 6) de détermination des vitesses K(CN)/K(CO) de formation comprend un spectromètre d'émission.
  8. Installation suivant la revendication 5 ou 6,
    caractérisée en ce que le dispositif (15, 16, 17, 18, 6) de détermination des vitesses K(CN)/K(CO) de formation a au moins quatre caméras (15, 16, 17, 18) qui relèvent les intensités (I) de rayonnement dans au moins quatre domaines de longueur d'onde différents du spectre de rayonnement de la flamme (4) de combustion et en ce qu'il est monté en aval des caméras (15, 16, 17 et 18) un dispositif (6) qui détermine dans deux des domaines de longueur d'onde les intensités (I) du rayonnement lors de la formation de CN et de CO et qui soustrait de ces intensités (I) de rayonnement déterminées le rayonnement (TS) de température déterminé par la pyrométrie de rapport à partir des intensités (I) de rayonnement déterminées dans les deux autres domaines de longueur d'onde.
EP00120859A 1999-10-07 2000-09-25 Procédé et dispositif pour déterminer et commander l'excès d'air dans un processus de combustion Expired - Lifetime EP1091175B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19948377 1999-10-07
DE19948377A DE19948377C1 (de) 1999-10-07 1999-10-07 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung sowie zur Regelung des Luftüberschusses bei einem Verbrennungsprozeß

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1091175A2 EP1091175A2 (fr) 2001-04-11
EP1091175A3 EP1091175A3 (fr) 2003-08-13
EP1091175B1 true EP1091175B1 (fr) 2006-11-02

Family

ID=7924851

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00120859A Expired - Lifetime EP1091175B1 (fr) 1999-10-07 2000-09-25 Procédé et dispositif pour déterminer et commander l'excès d'air dans un processus de combustion

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1091175B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE344423T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19948377C1 (fr)
DK (1) DK1091175T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2272229T3 (fr)
PT (1) PT1091175E (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008110341A1 (fr) 2007-03-13 2008-09-18 Thomas Merklein Procédé de détection, assisté par caméra, de l'intensité de rayonnement d'un produit de réaction chimique gazeux, applications du procédé et dispositif correspondant
DE102008056672A1 (de) * 2008-11-11 2010-05-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Überwachen der Verbrennung eines Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage zweier realer Konzentrationsverteilungen

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2816056B1 (fr) * 2000-11-02 2003-05-16 Centre Nat Rech Scient Dispositif de mesure de richesse d'une combustion et procede afferent de reglage
RU2212586C1 (ru) * 2002-03-13 2003-09-20 Красноярский государственный технический университет Способ и устройство регулирования режима горения паропроизводительной установки
RU2252364C1 (ru) * 2003-12-01 2005-05-20 Красноярский государственный технический университет (КГТУ) Способ и устройство регулирования режима горения паропроизводительной установки
DE102009030322A1 (de) * 2009-06-24 2010-12-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Konzept zur Regelung und Optimierung der Verbrennung eines Dampferzeugers auf der Basis von räumlich auflösender Messinformation aus dem Feuerraum
WO2014075795A1 (fr) 2012-11-16 2014-05-22 Thomas Merklein Simulation cfd d'un foyer à plusieurs brûleurs en tenant compte séparément des fractions de combustible et d'air provenant de chaque brûleur
RU2530440C1 (ru) * 2013-04-15 2014-10-10 Научно-производственное акционерное общество закрытого типа (НПАО) "ЗОЯ" Способ оценки качества обогащения попутного нефтяного газа и устройство для его осуществления
US20240183713A1 (en) * 2022-12-05 2024-06-06 Baker Hughes Holdings Llc Spectral flame measurements of industrial flames

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60159515A (ja) * 1984-01-27 1985-08-21 Hitachi Ltd 火炉システム
DE4305645C2 (de) * 1993-02-24 1996-10-02 Rwe Entsorgung Ag Verfahren zur Ermittlung charakteristischer Eigenschaften von Radikale bildenden Prozessen, Verwendung des Verfahrens und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
DE19710206A1 (de) * 1997-03-12 1998-09-17 Siemens Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verbrennungsanalyse sowie Flammenüberwachung in einem Verbrennungsraum

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008110341A1 (fr) 2007-03-13 2008-09-18 Thomas Merklein Procédé de détection, assisté par caméra, de l'intensité de rayonnement d'un produit de réaction chimique gazeux, applications du procédé et dispositif correspondant
DE102008056672A1 (de) * 2008-11-11 2010-05-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Überwachen der Verbrennung eines Kraftwerks auf der Grundlage zweier realer Konzentrationsverteilungen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK1091175T3 (da) 2007-01-22
DE50013683D1 (de) 2006-12-14
DE19948377C1 (de) 2001-05-23
EP1091175A3 (fr) 2003-08-13
EP1091175A2 (fr) 2001-04-11
PT1091175E (pt) 2007-02-28
ES2272229T3 (es) 2007-05-01
ATE344423T1 (de) 2006-11-15

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