EP1091035A1 - Hydroentangled nonwoven, method for its manufacture and its use - Google Patents

Hydroentangled nonwoven, method for its manufacture and its use Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1091035A1
EP1091035A1 EP00660175A EP00660175A EP1091035A1 EP 1091035 A1 EP1091035 A1 EP 1091035A1 EP 00660175 A EP00660175 A EP 00660175A EP 00660175 A EP00660175 A EP 00660175A EP 1091035 A1 EP1091035 A1 EP 1091035A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nonwoven
polyolefin
fibers
microcreping
hydroentangled
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00660175A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Erkki Lampila
Mikko Utriainen
Joni Hautojärvi
Margareta Huldén
Kari Parviainen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Jw Suominen Oy
Suominen J W Oy
Original Assignee
Jw Suominen Oy
Suominen J W Oy
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Jw Suominen Oy, Suominen J W Oy filed Critical Jw Suominen Oy
Publication of EP1091035A1 publication Critical patent/EP1091035A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/492—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres by fluid jet
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4282—Addition polymers
    • D04H1/4291—Olefin series
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
    • D04H1/74—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being orientated, e.g. in parallel (anisotropic fleeces)

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a hydroentangled nonwoven comprising polyolefin fibers or multicomponent fibers comprising at least one polyolefin, a method for its manufacture, as well as its use.
  • Hydroentanglement or spunlacing is a nonwoven production method, where a fiber web is bonded by means of fine water jets under high pressure.
  • a carded web is placed on a moving conveyor belt which transports the web under several rows of water jets.
  • the water pressure in the jets is increased stepwise from the first array to the last array.
  • the fibers in the web are entangled by the mechanical energy imparted to the web by the water jets.
  • the entanglement holds the fibers in a nonwoven without the need for additional bonding such as thermal bonding or chemical bonding. Further general information about hydroentanglement can be found, for example, in the US patents nr 3,485,706 and nr 3,485,708 (Evans).
  • Typical fibers used are cellulose-based fibers such as cotton, pulp or viscose and synthetic fibers such as polyester (polyethylene terephtalate).
  • the most widely used fiber mixture ratio is 30-70% viscose fibers and 70%-30% polyester fibers by weight of the web.
  • PP polypropylene
  • polyester incineration does not lead to emissions of any hazardous or even toxic aromatic by-products as is the case of polyester incineration.
  • Another environmental concern of polyester is the antimon residue which is due to the use of Sb 2 O 3 as a catalyst in the transesterification process in PET production. This fact questions the compatibility of PET in landfilling too.
  • a further advantage of PP is the considerably lower raw material cost than for polyester fiber, which results from a lesser number of production steps which may also be associated with a reduced load for the environment according to a life-cycle analysis.
  • PP fibers in nonwovens used as substrates for wiping articles is limited due to the hydrophobic nature of PP fibers.
  • a water droplet forms a contact angle of about 105° on a polypropylene surface while it forms a contact angle of about 80° on a polyester surface.
  • a surface is hydrophobic if the water contact angle is larger than 90° and hydrophilic if said contact angle is smaller than 90° Due to this difference in fiber wettability properties the water absorption properties of a nonwoven containing PP fibers are poorer than the absorption properties of nonwovens contaning more hydrophilic fibers.
  • the amount of hydrophobic polypropylene fibers is increased in the nonwoven, the water repellency of the nonwoven increases. This can be observed eg as an increasing run-off of liquid on the nonwoven surface, when the material is being wetted.
  • the hydrophobic nature of a nonwoven material containing PP fibers results in nonoptimal cleaning properties of the nonwoven used as a wiping article.
  • the liquid absorption capacity and absorption rate of the nonwoven are low, resulting in relatively poor drying ability of the nonwoven during a wiping process.
  • the nonwoven is typically treated with a hydrophilic wetting agent.
  • chemical treatment is not the preferred technique particularly in the case where the nonwoven gets into contact with human skin.
  • These wiping applications include wipes intended for hygiene use, such as baby wipes.
  • incorporation of wetting agents increases material costs and they may interfere with other chemicals used in the moisturizing lotions of wet wipes.
  • Liquid is mostly absorbed and retained in nonwoven materials in the capillaries which are formed between the fibers in the nonwovens.
  • the ability of a porous material, such as a nonwoven, to absorb and retain liquid can be characterized by the capillary pressure of liquid in the pores of the material.
  • the liquid absorption rate is proportional to the capillary pressure, and the rate increases with increasing capillary pressure.
  • the capillary pressure has to be increased. This can be done either by decreasing the contact angle of the liquid between the fibers or by decreasing the average pore size of the nonwoven.
  • the decrease of the contact angle is generally achieved by chemical treatments with wetting agents or by decreasing the amount of hydrophobic fibers in the nonwoven. For the purposes of this invention, these techniques are not preferred.
  • the structure of the material has to be deformed by compressing the nonwoven.
  • the structure is deformed in such a manner that the pore radius distribution in the web includes small pores providing high capillary pressure, larger pores allowing a high absorption rate, and an optimum distribution of them in depth.
  • a preferred way of producing such a structure uses a longitudinal compressional treatment process also known as the Micrex/microcreping® process from Micrex Corporation, Walpole, Massachusetts, USA.
  • the longitudinal compressional treatment is based on the principle that the material to be treated is over-fed, under pressure, into a converging passage or nip, for example in the gap between a rotating roller and a fixed guide plate forming a compacting zone.
  • the difference in rate between the material entering the treatment zone and the material leaving the treatment zone defines the amount of residual compaction.
  • the Micrex/microcreping process can be performed in different ways by using different configurations of microcrepers, as described in the patents by Walton.
  • the configurations involve a compactor (US 2,765,513 and US 2,765,514), a bladed microcreper (US 3,260,778, US 3,426,405), a bladeless microcreper (US 3,810,280, US 3,869,768, US 3,975,806) and a two-roll microcreper (US 4,142,278).
  • the intitial applications were in textile processing for improving shrinkproofness, stretch, softness and hand of woven or knitted fabrics.
  • the applications for nonwovens are focused on healthcare applications, including bandages, gauzes, wound dressings, cast wraps and hospital gowns and drapes which all take advantage of stretch, softness, bulk, drape and extensibility provided by the microcreping treatment.
  • microcreping used for improving the liquid handling properties is described by Walton (US 5,149,332).
  • a carded batt formed by cotton or rayon fibers or fluff pulp is employed in microcreping in order to compress the material and provide expansion upon wetting.
  • Such material can be used in superabsorbent assemblages, tampons, pads, cushions, liquid distributing and liquid storage articles.
  • Another patent utilising microcreping in producing absorbent articles (WO 97/37625) concerns increasing the wearing comfort and the fluid transport through a topsheet of a laminated structure, without aiming at absorption onto the microcreped sheet.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the problems of water repellency and relatively poor drying properties of hydroentangled nonwoven materials containing polyolefin, especially PP fibers. This is achieved with a hydroentangled nonwoven comprising polyolefin fibers or multicomponent fibers comprising at least one polyolefin, wherein liquid absorption and drying properties has been improved by microcreping the nonwoven. Due to the microcreping treatment of the nonwoven the pore size distribution has been changed and the effective absorptive surface area of the nonwoven has been increased.
  • the invention is also directed to a method for manufacturing a hydroentangled nonwoven comprising polyolefin fibers or multicomponent fibers including at least one polyolefin, comprising the step of improving liquid absorption and drying properties of the hydroentangled nonwoven by subjecting it to a microcreping process.
  • the present invention concerns such a method which comprises the steps of
  • the invention is also directed to the use of a nonwoven according to the invention or manufactured according to the invention in a wiping article, for example in wet or dry wipes.
  • the nonwoven material is texturized by a microcreping process which imparts wavy depressions and ridges to the surface of the material.
  • small pores capable of rapid liquid absorption are incorporated into the depressions of the nonwoven.
  • the pore size distribution of the nonwoven material is significantly changed during the microcreping process, the bulk or thickness and cloth-like properties of the nonwoven are improved.
  • the nonwoven materials according to the invention are hydroentangled nonwovens having a basis weight of between 20 and 150 g/m 2 and are microcreped after the hydroentanglement.
  • the polyolefin such as polypropylene or polyethylene, forms at least 5% by weight of the nonwoven material, either in the form of single component polyolefin fibers, or multicomponent fibers containing at least one polyolefin component.
  • the nonwovens can be characterized by their pore size distibution; at least 30% of the total pore volume is associated with pores having an effective radius of greater than 100 ⁇ m, or equivalently a capillary pressure smaller than 660 Pa during liquid absorption. They can further be characterized by that at least 5% of the total pore volume is associated with pores having an effective radius of less than 70 ⁇ m, or equivalently a capillary pressure greater than 940 Pa during liquid absorption.
  • the nonwoven materials according to the present invention are made by a hydroentanglement process that involves the general steps of forming a web of fibers, hydroentangling the web, drying the web and winding the hydroentangled nonwoven material.
  • a typical hydroentanglement production line is schematically shown in Figure 1, where the parts are as follows: (11) fiber feeder, (12) card, (13) lst hydroentanglement station, (14) 2nd hydroentanglement station, (15) dryer and (16) nonwoven winder.
  • the hydroentangled nonwoven material is then subjected to a microcreping process which compacts the material and imparts texture in the form of wavy depressions and ridges on the surface of the nonwoven.
  • the composition should include hydrophobic, water-repellent fibers such as polyolefins, particularly polypropylene, at least 5% by weight of the nonwoven material.
  • the water-repellent fibers can also be multi-component fibers including at least one polyolefin component.
  • Other fibers suitable for the nonwoven materials are hydrophilic fibers such as viscose, pulp or cotton and synthetic polymer fibers having a surface that is hydrophilic by nature, such as polyester and nylon.
  • the fiber composition includes 20-80% of hydrophilic fibers and 80-20% of hydrophobic fibers, by weight of the nonwoven material.
  • the microcreping treatment can be made by several methods and apparatuses which are well-known in the art. Most preferred microcreping process uses the so called bladed microcreper described by Walton (US 3,260,778, US 3,426,405). This method and apparatus is also known as comb-roll microcreper. Another preferred microcreping process uses the so called bladeless microcreper described by Walton (US 3,810,280, US 3,869,786, US 3,975,806). Another preferred microcreping process uses the so called two-roll microcreper described by Walton (US 4,142,278).
  • the nonwoven materials are compacted longitudinally between 2% and 70% of their original dimension while their basis weight increases accordingly.
  • compaction is determined by the difference in speed between the unwinding and rewinding units. In the case when the nonwoven is rewound after the microcreping treatment the most preferable compaction is below 20% providing sufficient tension to the nonwoven allowing the rewinding of the material into the roll. In the case when festooning is used for packaging, higher compaction than 20 % can be used.
  • the web can be compacted longitudinally within its own plane, without folding the web itself or forming a crepe, but by crimping tiny invidual fibers.
  • the longitudinal compaction can form barely perceptible undulations or crepes in the web as a whole.
  • hydroentagled nonwoven both effects are possible depending on the fiber materials, fiber blend, and energy supplied by the water jets to form the hydroentangled process.
  • microcreping The advantages of the microcreping are particularly related to the improved liquid absorption and drying properties of the nonwoven material.
  • the microcreping imparts cloth-like properties and bulkiness to the nonwoven material. These improved properties are due to the crimping action on the fibers, which is believed to modify the structure of the material as follows:
  • the nonwovens can also be characterized by their pore size distribution, at least 30% of the total pore volume is associated with pores having an effective radius of greater than 100 ⁇ m, or equivalently a capillary pressure smaller than 660 Pa during liquid absorption. They can further be characterized by that at least 5% of the total pore volume is associated with pores having an effective radius of less than 70 ⁇ m, or equivalently a capillary pressure greater than 940 Pa during liquid absorption. In addition to this, preferably at least 10% of the total pore volume is associated with pores having an effective radius of greater than 150 ⁇ m, or equivalently a capillary pressure smaller than 440 Pa.
  • 5 - 40% is associated with pores having an effective radius of less than 70 ⁇ m
  • 40 - 85% is associated with pores having an effective radius of greater than 100 ⁇ m
  • 10 - 40% is associated with pores having an effective radius of greater than 150 ⁇ m.
  • the pores have an effective radius of not greater than 800 ⁇ m. It should be noticed, however, that these values for pore radius and capillary pressure refer to the values measured during liquid absorption (advancing cycle). Due to contact angle hysteresis between liquid absorption and desorption, smaller pore radiuses or higher capillary pressures would be obtained when the pore volume distribution is measured from liquid desorption (receding cycle).
  • Hydroentangled nonwoven materials according to the invention are suitable for use as wipes in various applications including both dry wipes and premoistured wipes.
  • dry wipes intended eg. for drying and cleaning of various surfaces
  • the main advantages of the invention are the improved liquid absorption and drying properties.
  • premoistured wipes such as hygiene wipes
  • the improved bulkiness and cloth-like feel of the nonwoven material are particularly advantageous.
  • the increased capillary pressure that results in the better ability of the nonwoven material to spontaneously absorb and retain liquid is advantageous when the nonwoven is being moisturized for the purposes of premoisturized wipes.
  • the tensile strength of the nonwoven materials was determined according to the Edana Recommended Test Method ERT 20.2-89, except that the extension rate was 300 mm/min. The reported values are averages of 5 individual measurements.
  • the thickness of the nonwoven materials was determined according to the Edana Recommended Test Method ERT 30.5-99. The reported values are averages of 5 individual measurements.
  • the water absorption capacity of the nonwoven materials was determined according to the Edana Recommended Test Method 10.3-99 chapter 5 "Liquid absorptive capacity". Purified water was used as the test liquid. The reported values are averages of 3 individual measurements.
  • the pore volume distribution of the nonwoven materials was determined with the liquid porosimetry technique (TRI Autoporosimeter) developed at the Textile Research Institute (TRI) in Princeton, New Jersey, USA. The technique is described more in detail by Miller and Tyomkin in the Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, volume 162 (1994), pages 163-170.
  • the chamber of the Autoporosimeter was equipped with a nitrocellulose-cellulose acetate membrane having a nominal pore diameter of 1.2 ⁇ m (Millipore type RAWP, Millipore Corporation, Bedford, Massachusetts, USA).
  • the liquid used was a 0.1 wt% water solution of Triton X-100 (surface tension 33 mN/m).
  • a 5.5x5.5 cm 2 specimen was cut from the nonwoven samples and it was covered with a plexiglass plate having the same dimensions and a weight of 23.9 g (corresponding to a pressure of about 80 Pa).
  • the pore volume distribution was determined from the liquid absorption data (advancing run) for the pore radius range of 0 to 800 ⁇ m. For the analysis, a blank measurement without the sample and the cover plate was subtracted from the original data.
  • a roll of hydroentangled nonwoven material (basis weight 60 g/m 2 ) containing 50% viscose and 50% PP fibers, by weight of the material, was microcreped using the Micrex process (Micrex Corporation, Walpole, Massachusetts, USA) based on the bladeless and the comb-roll processes. After the creping, the compacted nonwoven (10% degree of compaction) was wound on-line into a roll. The temperature of the main roll, line speed and pattern of the flexible retarder were varied. The creping parameters are listed in Table 1. Photographs of the samples are shown in Figure 2 illustrating the surface pattern of the nonwoven samples. Figure 3 shows the pore volume distributions for the samples.
  • the nonwoven samples were characterized by means of mechanical properties (tensile strength and thickness), liquid run-off and pore volume distribution. These data are listed in Table 2.
  • a hydroentangled nonwoven with a fiber composition of 30 wt% of polyester and 70 wt% of viscose fibers was used as a comparative sample.
  • the pore volume distribution (PVD) of the nonwoven samples is expressed as the proportion of the volume of small pores (effective radius less than 70 ⁇ m), the proportion of the volume of the characteristic pores (effective radius less than 100 ⁇ m), and the volume of large pores (effective radius geater than 150 ⁇ m) to the total pore volume of the sample.
  • the small pores are capable of spontaneous liquid absorption and retention, while the large pores allow liquid penetration into the material.
  • the microcreping has increased the thickness of the nonwovens while the tensile properties have not changed significantly. The most remarkable effect is that the run-offvalues of the nonwovens have decreased from over 20% down to 0, that is the value observed for the comparative sample containing polyester fibers.
  • the microcreping process has increased the amount of small pores in the nonwoven material between 15 and 120%, while the amount of large pores has increased in the samples #1, #2, and #4.
  • Example 1 In order to demonstrate the improved wiping properties of the microcreped nonwoven materials, the nonwoven samples prepared in Example 1 were subjected to a test that simulates the drying properties of nonwovens during a wiping action.
  • a 12.5x12.5 cm 2 specimen was cut from the nonwoven samples.
  • the weight of the sample holder was 226 g, and the holder was connected to a wetback apparatus (Lenzingtechnik, Lenzing, Austria) that is capable of lifting and lowering the sample holder with a constant rate.
  • a 12x12 cm 2 plexiglass plate was placed on the table of the wetback apparatus after which an amount of 2.00 g of purified water was instilled on the surface of the plate.
  • the nonwoven specimen was attached to the sample holder and secured with a tape so that the smooth contact surface area of the nonwoven was 10x10 cm 2 .
  • the sample holder containing the nonwoven specimen was lowered on the wetted plate.
  • the contact surface pressure between the nonwoven and the wetted plate was about 230 Pa.
  • the amount of residue water was expressed as a relative amount of the residue water in percentages from the initial 2.00 g amount of water.
EP00660175A 1999-10-05 2000-10-02 Hydroentangled nonwoven, method for its manufacture and its use Withdrawn EP1091035A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI992142A FI19992142A (fi) 1999-10-05 1999-10-05 Vesineulattu kuitukangas, menetelmä sen valmistamiseksi ja sen käyttö
FI992142 1999-10-05

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005012618A1 (en) * 2003-07-29 2005-02-10 Orlandi S.P.A. Handkerchiefs in non-woven fabric
WO2005042822A1 (en) * 2003-10-31 2005-05-12 Sca Hygiene Products Ab Method of producing a nonwoven material
US6919089B2 (en) 2002-02-19 2005-07-19 Unilever Home & Personal Care Usa, A Division Of Conopco, Inc. Pucker resistant cosmetic sachet
US20080319407A1 (en) * 2007-06-19 2008-12-25 The Procter & Gamble Company Nonwoven webs made from treated fibers
US7562424B2 (en) 2005-07-25 2009-07-21 Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc. Low-density, non-woven structures and methods of making the same
US7562427B2 (en) 2005-07-25 2009-07-21 Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc. Low-density, non-woven structures and methods of making the same
WO2014052576A1 (en) * 2012-09-28 2014-04-03 Celgard, Llc Porous membranes, materials, composites, laminates, textiles and related methods

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4704113A (en) * 1983-05-03 1987-11-03 The Kendall Company Dressing
EP0326771A2 (en) * 1988-02-03 1989-08-09 James River Corporation Of Virginia Highly absorbent nonwoven fabric
US5240764A (en) * 1992-05-13 1993-08-31 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for making spunlaced nonwoven fabrics
WO1999020822A1 (en) * 1997-10-17 1999-04-29 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Textured nonwoven composite material and method for making the same

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4704113A (en) * 1983-05-03 1987-11-03 The Kendall Company Dressing
EP0326771A2 (en) * 1988-02-03 1989-08-09 James River Corporation Of Virginia Highly absorbent nonwoven fabric
US5240764A (en) * 1992-05-13 1993-08-31 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for making spunlaced nonwoven fabrics
WO1999020822A1 (en) * 1997-10-17 1999-04-29 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Textured nonwoven composite material and method for making the same

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6919089B2 (en) 2002-02-19 2005-07-19 Unilever Home & Personal Care Usa, A Division Of Conopco, Inc. Pucker resistant cosmetic sachet
WO2005012618A1 (en) * 2003-07-29 2005-02-10 Orlandi S.P.A. Handkerchiefs in non-woven fabric
EP1987948A1 (en) 2003-07-29 2008-11-05 Orlandi S.p.A. Handkerchiefs in non-woven fabric
WO2005042822A1 (en) * 2003-10-31 2005-05-12 Sca Hygiene Products Ab Method of producing a nonwoven material
US7562424B2 (en) 2005-07-25 2009-07-21 Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc. Low-density, non-woven structures and methods of making the same
US7562427B2 (en) 2005-07-25 2009-07-21 Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc. Low-density, non-woven structures and methods of making the same
US20080319407A1 (en) * 2007-06-19 2008-12-25 The Procter & Gamble Company Nonwoven webs made from treated fibers
US9322119B2 (en) * 2007-06-19 2016-04-26 Gueltekin Erdem Nonwoven webs made from treated fibers
WO2014052576A1 (en) * 2012-09-28 2014-04-03 Celgard, Llc Porous membranes, materials, composites, laminates, textiles and related methods
CN104661734A (zh) * 2012-09-28 2015-05-27 赛尔格有限责任公司 多孔膜、材料、复合物、层压物、纺织物和相关方法
US10046537B2 (en) 2012-09-28 2018-08-14 Celgard, Llc Porous membranes, materials, composites, laminates, textiles and related methods

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