Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
  • A61B5/1455—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
  • A61B5/14551—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters for measuring blood gases
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
  • A61B5/14535—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring haematocrit
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/48—Other medical applications
  • A61B5/4806—Sleep evaluation
  • A61B5/4818—Sleep apnoea
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
  • A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
  • A61B5/6802—Sensor mounted on worn items
  • A61B5/6804—Garments; Clothes
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
  • A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
  • A61B5/6802—Sensor mounted on worn items
  • A61B5/681—Wristwatch-type devices
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
  • A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
  • A61B5/6813—Specially adapted to be attached to a specific body part
  • A61B5/6814—Head
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B2503/00—Evaluating a particular growth phase or type of persons or animals
  • A61B2503/06—Children, e.g. for attention deficit diagnosis
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
  • A61B5/1455—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
  • A61B5/14551—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters for measuring blood gases
  • A61B5/14552—Details of sensors specially adapted therefor

Definitions

• the present invention relates to instruments which operate on the
• SIDS is a medical condition in which an infant enters respiratory distress
• detectors to complicated systems which stream oxygen enriched air into the infant's environment.
• chest motion monitors carbon dioxide level monitors and heart rate (pulse)
• the chest motion monitor gives no warning when the breathing patterns
• SIDS causes an irregular heartbeat, resulting
• electro-optical measurement such as pulse oximetry, which is a well-developed
• the oximeter passes light, usually red and infrared, through the
• a photodetector senses the absorption of light from
• the light sources and sensors are mounted in a
• the geometry of the appendages is such that they can accommodate a clip of this
• sources and detector can be placed on the tissue surface without necessitating a
• the challenge is to separate the shunted, or coupled, signal which is
• This DC signal does not
• the signal, the shunting (DC) will overpower the desired signal (AC).
• a general object of this invention is to overcome the problems of
• the present invention discloses a small, independent, sensor, for
• the apparatus may be applied to any part of the body without prior
• the inventive sensor may be adapted for many health monitoring
• the senor is designed to:
• This monitor is equipped with a processor capable of
• the apparatus is mounted in a
• the apparatus is mounted on a
• the ribbon may be of dark color which also blocks
• the apparatus is mounted on a
• bracelet-type mounting such that the apparatus is properly applied when the
• bracelet is such that it blocks entrance of external light to the area of the sensor apparatus. Additionally, the bracelet may be of dark color which also blocks
• the device includes: at least one light source, providing light directed toward the
• the processing unit includes: first and second amplifiers
• the organ is the skin and the device is arranged for mounting
• the device further includes a transmitter for transmitting the output signals to a receiver at a remote location, allowing monitoring of the at
• the receiver is
• the processor develops a control signal when the
• control signal conserves energy by reducing the
• the first and second gain amplification factors are determined
• the light source comprises a single light emitting unit capable
• the first wavelength range is at least partially different from the second wavelength range.
• single light emitting unit can be switched from emitting light within the first
• the light source includes at least a first light emitting unit
• second light emitting unit capable of controllably emitting light having a second
• the first wavelength range is at least partially different from
• the light source provides light having wavelengths in the red
• the organ is the skin
• the blood constituent is hemoglobin
• the respiratory stress is associated with Sudden Infant Death
• the device produces an output signal sent by the processor to an alarm unit for alerting when the at least one blood constituent level falls
• the device is used to monitor the heart rate.
• the device is used as an apnea monitor.
• the device is a portable hand held reflective pulse oximeter.
• the device is adapted to determine blood billirubin levels.
• the device is adapted for mapping the intensity of the AC
• the method includes the steps of:
• the processing step includes the steps of amplifying the
• the first and second amplifier amplify a DC signal
• step produces output signals in accordance with the isolated AC signal
• the at least one blood constituent level therewith, the at least one blood constituent level.
• the method further includes the step of transmitting the output
• the receiver is equipped with
• an alarm unit for alerting when the at least one blood constituent level falls
• the step of processing further includes normalizing the AC
• the method further includes the steps of developing a control
• the method further includes the steps of determining the first
• predetermined window established by the processor.
• the blood constituent is hemoglobin
• the method further comprises
• the respiratory stress is associated with Sudden Infant Death
• the method further includes the step of initiating an alarm for
• the alarm is selected from an audible alarm, a visual alarm, a
• the light is altematingly selected from at least a first
• the first wavelength range and a second wavelength range.
• the first wavelength range is a first wavelength range and a second wavelength range.
• the first wavelength range includes wavelength of red light
• the second wavelength range includes wavelength of infra-red light
• blood constituent is hemoglobin and the method determines the level of oxygen
• the method is used for monitoring the heart rate. Furthermore, in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method is used for monitoring the heart rate. Furthermore, in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method is used for monitoring the heart rate. Furthermore, in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method is used for monitoring the heart rate. Furthermore, in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method is used for monitoring the heart rate. Furthermore, in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the heart rate.
• detector is sensitive to intensity levels of the light reflected from the organ for
• the processing step includes the steps
• the method includes the steps of positioning a
• the second set and the second set of data includes at least one extremum data value
• extremum data value of the first set of data corresponds to the extremum data
• second device includes at least one light source, providing light directed toward
• the processing unit includes first and second amplifiers
• the first and second amplifiers amplify a DC signal
• the amplified DC signal component being
• the organ is the skin.
• Figs. 3a- 3b show, respectively, a prior art signal waveform representing
• Figs. 4 and 5a-b show, respectively, arrangements for wearing the
• Fig. 6 is an electronic block diagram showing the signal processing
• Fig. 7 is an algorithm of a signal processing technique performed in
• Figs. 8a-b are, respectively, signal waveforms representing emitted red
• FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of a device for determining blood flow
• Fig. 11 is a schematic graph useful in understanding the method of
• physiological stress detector device adapted for use in monitoring arterial oxygen
• the reflective oximetry method uses light
• physiological stress detector device 10 constructed and operated in accordance
• Device 10 comprises a housing 12
• Housing 12 may
• the light source 16 may be implemented as a single component which
• the light source 16 may also include two
• LEDs emitting in the suitable red and infrared ranges, other light sources are more LEDs emitting in the suitable red and infrared ranges, other light sources
• the light detector 18 may be a
• photo-detecting devices may be used such as resistive photocells, or any other
• the device 10 of Fig. 1 also includes further electronic
• the device 10 employs
• Fig. 2 there is shown an electronic schematic diagram of a signal
• processing filter 22 used to separate the variable signal (AC) component of
• casing 12 is
• the casing 12 is made from a material opaque to light in the
• This material may be a flexible material such as a flexible fabric.
• the material may also be a porous or woven material to prevent excessive
• FIG. 6 there is shown an electronic schematic block
• Device 10 comprises a sensor 35 incorporating light source
• the sensor 35 may also include a preamplifier circuit (not shown).
• device 10 comprises a signal
• processing unit 40 including a pair of operational amplifiers A1 and A2, an analog to digital converter 42, a central processing unit (CPU)/controller 44, and a digital
• alarm unit 48 causing an alarm to be activated.
• Sensor 35 is designed to be
• RF transmittor 50 and/or PC 52 are connected to
• sensor 35 via a cable or by wireless transition. In this case sensor 35 does not
• the alarm unit 48 may activate a visual alarm, an audio alarm
• a tactile alarm such as a vibratory signal
• an audio-visual alarm a tactile alarm (such as a vibratory signal)
• a tactile alarm such as a vibratory signal
• an audio-visual alarm a tactile alarm (such as a vibratory signal)
• alarm unit 48 may also initiate the automatic dialing of a telephone number and
• converter 42 provides a digital input signal 54 based on the level of output signal
• the central processing unit 44 is programmed to process
• the output signal 47 from CPU 44 may
• PC 52 may be performed by PC 52 based on a data output signal 53.
• device 10 can be constructed in any way.
• amplifiers A1 and A2 are selected in accordance with
• A1 is the model PGA205AU programmable gain instrumentation amplifier
• amplifier A2 is the model PGA204AU programmable gain instrumentation
• amplifiers A1 and A2 may be any other suitable type of amplifier.
• amplifiers A1 and A2 may be any other suitable type of amplifier.
• amplifiers A1 and A2 may be any other suitable type of amplifier.
• amplifiers A1 and A2 may be any other suitable type of amplifier.
• amplifiers A1 and A2 may be any other suitable type of amplifier.
• amplifiers A1 and A2 may be any other suitable type of amplifier.
• amplifiers A1 and A2 may be any other suitable type of amplifier. For example,
• A1 and A2 is shown as an operational amplifier unit, each of the amplifiers A1 and A2 is shown as an operational amplifier unit, each of the amplifiers A1 and A2 is shown as an operational amplifier unit, each of the amplifiers A1 and A2 is shown as an operational amplifier unit, each of the amplifiers A1 and A2 is shown as an operational amplifier unit, each of the amplifiers A1 and A2 is shown as an operational amplifier unit, each of the amplifiers A1 and A1 and A2 is shown as an operational amplifier unit, each of the amplifiers A1 and
• A2 may be implemented as a multi-stage amplifier device containing more than
• reflective oximetry techniques are related to the measurement of the AC signal
• the present invention provides a novel solution to the signal amplification problem such that more accurate
• oximetry measurement may be obtained.
• signal components generated by the detector 18 may be current or voltage AC
• components of the output signal of the detector 18 may include voltage signal
• components may also include any other type of electrical or photonic (optical)
• unit 40 applies a novel technique for separating the AC signal component from
• CPU 44 begins its operation by initializing the gain of
• output signal 56 is treated as a pure DC signal, such
• Output signal 47 may be used to
• detector 18 in sensor 35.
• Light is provided by light source 16 in pulses each
• the red and infrared pulses are
• light waveforms is divided into two periods 76 and 78, each having, for example, a
• the first period is used to set
• the gain amplification factor is automatically adjusted in an iterative
• the gain After a predetermined delay, for example 50 microseconds, the gain
• amplification factor is set during interval 80, and the output signal 56 of signal
• processing unit 40 is measured to determine if it falls within the window defined by
• the first period is shortened
• the second period may be shortened
• CPU 44 sends a control signal 84 to sensor 35, to shut off the
• Control signal 84 is provided for each
• the pulse duration and pulse interval of Figs. 8a and 8b can have
• periods 76 and 78 of Fig. 9 may each have the value of 300 microseconds.
• DC correction procedure of the present invention per measurement cycle may be
• invention per measurement cycle may depend, inter alia, on the optical
• the gain amplification factors are selected from a set of preselected
• Amplifier A1 which acts to amplify the DC signal component, can have gain amplification factors of 1 , 2, 4 or 8.
• Amplifier A2 which amplifies the AC
• signal component operates in the amplification ranges of 1 , 10, 100 or 1000.
• the device 10 it allows the device 10 to obtain oximetry measurements in different parts of the
• V-, d is the signal from the analog to digital converter and A AC and
• a DC represent the gain of the A2 and A1 amplifiers, respectively.
• CPU 44 determines whether or not this
• the output signal 47 can be
• invention provides a non-invasive method for more accurately measuring blood
• the method and devices may be particularly useful for transmissive oximetry
• the sensitivity of the method and the devices may enable performing
• amplitude signals such as the wrist region, or the ankle region of adults and
• FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of a
• the device 90 includes a housing 92 and two pulse oximetry devices
• the devices 10a and 10b are constructed as the
• the fixed distance D between the device 10a and the device 10b is
• the device 90 is placed on a
• Fig. 11 is a schematic graph useful in
• the horizontal axis represents time and the vertical axis represents
• the curve 94A represents the
• 96A and 96B represent the time delay between the registration of a minimum
• V D/ ⁇ T.
• the processing unit 40 of one of the devices 10a or 10b thus acquires
• the first data set represents the AC signal component of the
• both of the data sets are digital data sets and are
• the processing unit 40 detects the
• the processing unit then calculates the time
• the extremum data values used are minimum values representing
• transmissive pulse may also be maxima.
• transmissive pulse may also be maxima.
• the extremum values may be maxima.
• each of the devices 10a and 10b may have a CPU
• the device 90 may include a single CPU unit (not shown)
• device of the present invention may be adapted to the monitor bilirubin levels for
• the present invention may also be used to detect
• UV near ultraviolet
• Another application of the present invention is the application of the
• This method may be particularly useful in mapping of such reduced flow areas in cases where regular transmissive pulse oximetry is not applicable due to inaccessibility problems or due to very noisy signal
• One exemplary application is mapping the external surface of the
• a small pre-sterilized reflective oximetry device such as the device
• the device 10 is particularly advantageous
• the above mapping method may be applied to many other organs such as
• the computer or monitor may include a display device (not shown).
• An alternative configuration may include the device 10, connected to a
• the housing wirelessly or by suitable wires.
• the housing may also include
• LCD liquid crystal display device
• G1216001 N000-3D0E commercially available from Seiko Instruments Inc.
• Japan suitably connected to the CPU 44 for displaying alphanumeric symbols
• the LCD display may also
• oximetry device includes all the optical and electronic components within one
• One non-limiting example (not shown) is a device worn on the wrist and
• the device so as to be in contact with the skin when the device is worn. All the
• the device including a power source such as a battery.
• a power source such as a battery.
• monitor signals may or may not collect and store data and may or may not
• the self contained integrated device configurations may be used for a
• the device may determine the pulse rate of the wearer. It is known that
• the pulse rate may thus be used for diet
• control by reporting to the user when the pulse rate reaches a predetermined
• the user may thus use the device for obtaining an
• the device may also be used for radial pulse measurement in cardiac

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Citations (14)

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• 1998
  • 1998-06-11 EP EP98924548A patent/EP1083822A4/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1998-06-11 WO PCT/IL1998/000270 patent/WO1999063883A1/en active Application Filing
  • 1998-06-11 CA CA002334964A patent/CA2334964C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1998-06-11 AU AU76726/98A patent/AU7672698A/en not_active Abandoned

Patent Citations (14)

Non-Patent Citations (2)

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