EP1080518B1 - Contact pair arrangement for an electric plug-and-socket connection in order to compensate near-end crosstalk - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to an arrangement of contact pairs for compensation the crosstalk for an electrical connector

Due to a magnetic and electrical coupling between two Contact pairs induce a contact pair in adjacent contact pairs Electricity or influences electrical charges, so that it becomes a Crosstalk is coming. To avoid the crosstalk, the Contact pairs arranged very far apart or between the Contact pairs a shield can be arranged. Must they Contact pairs, however, are structurally very close together, the measures described above are not feasible and that Nearby crosstalk must be compensated.

The most widespread electrical connector for symmetrical data cables is the RJ-45 connector, which depending on the technical requirements various embodiments is known. Known RJ-45 connectors Category 5 points, for example, between all four Contact pairs have a crosstalk attenuation of> 40 dB at 100 MHz Transmission frequency. Due to the unfavorable contact assignment at Due to the design, RJ-45 occurs particularly with the plug between the both pairs 3, 6 and 4, 5 due to their nested arrangement an increased crosstalk, which can be used at high Restricted transmission frequencies. For reasons of compatibility with the However, the pin assignment cannot be changed with previous plugs. Because of this unfavorable structural arrangement are already for Approaching the near end> 40 dB at 100 MHz of category 5 special measures necessary. All known measures leave the plug untouched and bring about the improvement in the near crosstalk Compensation measures in the socket.

The crossing of a couple is known here, whereby behind the crossed Area a cross-phase crosstalk is generated. For this, in EP 0 525 703 A1 a crossing of the two lines 4 and 5, in WO 94/06216 Crossing the two lines 3 and 6 described on printed circuit boards. Likewise twisting of wires of different pairs is known from EP 0 601 829 A2. Compensation through direct additional capacities to the next but one Contact can be found in EP 0 692 884 A1. A solution to the compensation through extended and multi-angled contacts to its intersection describes EP 0 598 192 A1, where the compensation behind the intersection is generated by the further contacts and insulation displacement terminals.

WO 98/04020, WO 97/44862 and US 5,310,363 are further Arrangements previously known, the further examples of crossed contact pairs demonstrate.

All known solutions have compensation measures in common Socket, but the distance between the crosstalk area and the effective compensation range is too large. To realize the Spring forces and for safely guiding the movable contacts in the socket they are made relatively long, so that an intersection on a circuit board, the extended fixed contacts or twisted connecting wires is used far away. The profit from this known Compensation measures are therefore limited, so that connectors for 200 MHz cannot be achieved with these known solutions, since that Proximity crosstalk is not sufficiently compensated for at higher frequencies can be.

The invention is therefore based on the technical problem of an arrangement of contact pairs for an electrical connector with at least two nested contact pairs, especially for an RJ-45 connector, for higher transmission frequencies with sufficient To create crosstalk attenuation. Another technical problem is that Creation of an electrical connector for high Transmission frequencies that are downward compatible to the known Cat 5 Connectors.

The solution to the technical problem results from the characteristics of Claims 1 and 8. By arranging the crossing point in the spring-loaded part of the contacts of the socket, the location of the Compensation shifted near the place where the near crosstalk is generated, namely the contact area, so that significantly higher Limit frequencies can be reached. Due to the decoupled position of the contacts in the Connection area of the plug, which are by the assembly of the Tolerances occurring in the wires are reduced in such a way that in connection with the contact arrangement for the socket higher transmission frequencies are achievable, but the arrangement is also compatible with Cat 5. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention result from the Dependent claims.

In a further preferred embodiment, the crossing point placed directly behind the contact area, which is a minimal distance caused between the cross-talk zone and the compensation zone, so that Phase shifts due to running times are negligible.

In a further preferred embodiment, the contacts are nested contact pairs run parallel in the contact area, the inner contacts being directed in opposite directions to the outer contacts are what an inductive decoupling of the non-current-carrying Partial areas of the internal contacts. Then there are the inner ones Contacts crossed and bent 180 □ and again parallel to the formed first part. This causes immediately behind the Crossing point the generated crosstalk changes its sign and compensation of the crosstalk from the contact area takes place. The contacts are used to generate the sufficient spring forces then nested contact pairs in a pointed one Angle bent and guided parallel to a connection area. to Decoupling and thus to limit the compensation range the inner contacts in front of the connection area again from the outer ones Bent contacts and again parallel to the outer contacts.

To reduce crosstalk from the external contacts of the nested contact pairs to the non-nested ones Contact pairs are the same in the contact area parallel to the internal contacts, bent into a decoupled position and then parallel to the contacts of the nested one inside the other Contact pairs led to the connection area.

To improve the gain in compensation, the crosstalk in the The connector was specifically chosen larger and then compensated again, whereby preferably the compensation zone divided into two sections, namely a compensation zone in the socket and a compensation zone on Connection area of the plug, for which purpose the internal contacts are also crossed become.

In a further preferred embodiment, the inner contacts are in the compensation zone of the connector with a lower line impedance than trained in the crosstalk zone, so that between the contacts of the nested contact pairs are mostly capacitive Coupling takes place, which is the predominant part of the capacitive coupling in the Area transition plug / socket compensated, where the not current-carrying parts of the contacts of the socket and plug capacitive Act.

The outer non-nested contact pairs are parallel to each other performed, these in the contact area for decoupling to the contacts of nested contact pairs are guided in opposite directions. to The outer ones show better decoupling to the contacts of the socket Contacts following the contact area an indentation.

Fig.1

eine Kontaktanordnung einer RJ-45-Steckverbindung (Stand der Technik),

Fig.2

eine Darstellung der auftretenden Kopplungen für eine Anordnung gemäß Fig.1,

Fig. 3

eine Perspektivdarstellung der ineinander verschachtelten Kontaktpaare für eine RJ-45-Buchse,

Fig. 4

eine Seitenansicht der Anordnung gemäß Fig. 3,

Fig. 5

eine Seitenansicht der vier Kontaktpaare für eine RJ-45-Buchse,

Fig. 6

eine schematische Darstellung der ineinander verschachtelten Kontaktpaare im Anschlußbereich für einen RJ-45-Stecker,

Fig.7a

Modell zweiter homogener Leitungen zum Nahnebensprechen,

Fig.7b

Modell gemäß Fig.7a mit Einfachkompensation,

Fig.7c

Modell gemäß Fig.7a mit Doppelkompensation,

Fig.8

Frequenzverläufe der Modelle gemäß Fig.7a - c,

Fig.9

eine Anordnung der Kontakte gemäß Fig.6 mit Kreuzung und Kompensation,

Fig.10

eine Seitenansicht aller vier Kontaktpaare für den RJ-45- Stecker,

Fig.11

eine erste perspektivische Ansicht der Kontaktanordnung nach Fig.5,

Fig.12

eine zweite perspektivische Ansicht der Kontaktanordnung nach Fig.5,

Fig.13

eine dritte perspektivische Ansicht der Kontaktanordnung nach Fig.5,

Fig.14

eine erste perspektivische Ansicht der Kontaktanordnung nach Fig.10 und

Fig. 15

eine zweite perspektivische Ansicht der Kontaktanordnung nach Fig. 10.

The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of a preferred exemplary embodiment. The figures show:

Fig.1

a contact arrangement of an RJ-45 plug connection (prior art),

Fig.2

a representation of the couplings occurring for an arrangement according to Figure 1,

Fig. 3

2 shows a perspective view of the nested contact pairs for an RJ-45 socket,

Fig. 4

3 shows a side view of the arrangement according to FIG. 3,

Fig. 5

a side view of the four contact pairs for an RJ-45 socket,

Fig. 6

1 shows a schematic representation of the nested contact pairs in the connection area for an RJ-45 connector,

7a

Model of second homogeneous lines for near-end crosstalk,

Figure 7b

7a model with single compensation,

7c

7a model with double compensation,

Figure 8

Frequency profiles of the models according to Fig.7a - c,

Figure 9

an arrangement of the contacts according to FIG. 6 with crossing and compensation,

Figure 10

a side view of all four contact pairs for the RJ-45 connector,

Figure 11

5 shows a first perspective view of the contact arrangement according to FIG. 5,

Figure 12

5 shows a second perspective view of the contact arrangement according to FIG. 5,

Figure 13

4 shows a third perspective view of the contact arrangement according to FIG. 5,

Figure 14

a first perspective view of the contact arrangement according to Fig.10 and

Fig. 15

10 shows a second perspective view of the contact arrangement according to FIG. 10.

In Fig. 1 a, the pin assignment for an RJ-45 connector is shown. The RJ-45 connector comprises four contact pairs 1, 2; 3, 6; 4, 5; 7, 8. The associated contacts of a contact pair are not always included right next to each other, but the two middle contact pairs 3, 6 and 4, 5 are nested, which is a particularly strong one Crosstalk. With four contact pairs, there are six couplings between the contact pairs, which are shown schematically in FIG. 2, the line thickness symbolizes the strength of the coupling.

Since previous approaches only compensation measures in the socket reduce crosstalk and maintain crosstalk in the connector, can be used for backward compatibility with Cat 5 Connectors for an improvement of the connector that Do not reduce any crosstalk in the connector. The improvements are therefore first of all to be carried out primarily in the socket. Be below now individual measures are presented, all individually as well as together are essential to the invention.

In Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the middle, one inside the other nested contact pairs 3, 6 and 4, 5 shown. To improve the Compensation gain in the socket is the distance between , Contact area 10, where the contacts of the plug contact those of the socket, and the compensation area is reduced. For this, the principle known Intersection of contacts 4 and 5 in the moving part of the contacts Socket laid. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the crossing 11 takes place immediately following the contact area 10, the Compensation area immediately behind the intersection 11.

The functioning of the compensation of the contact arrangement according to FIG. 3 will now be closer with reference to FIG. 4, which is a side view of FIG. 3 explained. The contacts 3 and 6 of the spread pair are parallel and Completely identical, go from the contact area 10 in one first section 31, 61 after lings away, go in after a bend 32, 62 a straight part 33, 63 over and end on the right in a connection area 90, which can be a circuit board, for example.

The contacts 4 and 5 of the middle pair run in the contact area 41, 51 parallel to contacts 3 and 6 and go in the opposite direction right away and make a bend of 180 □ 42, 52 where the cross both contacts, i.e. Seen from above, contact 4 takes the place of contact 5 and contact 5 that of contact 4. After crossing 11 the two contacts 4 and 5 run parallel and parallel to each other Contact sections 31 and 61. After another bend 44, 54 are the Contacts 4 and 5 on the same level as 3 and 6.

The compensation begins right behind the intersection 11 or bend 42, 52 by the parallelism of the contact areas 31, 61, 43, 53 and 33, 63, 45, 55. To limit the compensation range, leave the two contacts 4 and 5 with a bend 46, 56 decouples the compensation zone and ends in the connection area 90.

To achieve the necessary spring forces, the contact sections 31, 32 and 41, 42, 43, 44 and 51, 52, 53, 54 and 61, 62 movable while the others lie firmly in the socket. By moving the intersection 11 in the the moving part of the contacts are the crosstalk area and the Compensation very close together.

By continuing the contacts in opposite directions from the contact area Contact 3 and 6 to the left, contact 4 and 5 to the right, this is limited Crosstalk in the contact area 31, 41 51, 61 on the electrical Component, since here the flowing in opposite directions Hardly affect currents.

5 is the complete contact arrangement for the socket of an RJ-45 connector shown. For the optimization of the crosstalk to the outer contact pairs 1, 2 and 7, 8 is to achieve the Kat 5 compatibility No targeted compensation is required in the socket. That's why it will Crosstalk to the outer pairs minimized. To reduce the Crosstalk in the contact area of the socket between contacts 3 and 1, 2 or 6 and 7, 8 are the contacts 1, 2, 7, 8 in opposite directions to the adjacent contacts 3, 6 formed. The continuation of the outer Contact pairs 1, 2 and 7, 8 take place at a height between the two pairs 3, 6 and 4, 5 in an almost decoupled position.

Due to the compatibility requirement, an improved connector must be used a corresponding crosstalk between the pairs 36 and 45 to be kept. Through the well-known customary direct assembly of the Veins on the contacts' with previous Kat 5 plugs occur relatively large tolerances in crosstalk depending on the position of the cores on what is still sufficient to meet the Cat 5 values. For the Use of the connector at even higher frequencies must still be in the connector some improvements will be created.

6, the contacts 203, 206; 204, 205 of one another nested contact pairs shown in a top view. The contacts 203, 204, 205, 206 run completely parallel to each other. Only at the connection area 214 the contacts 204, 205 and 203, 206 are pulled apart, see above that in the connection area 214 due to the spacing of the contact pairs are largely decoupled. This can, as shown in Fig. 6, by a opposing bending of the contact pairs or by a simple one Angling of a contact pair can be achieved. The mode of action of Contact arrangement of the improved connector is that so far restrict the usual large tolerances in crosstalk and that Set crosstalk to a lower tolerance value that is still Cat 5 fulfilled and matched to the compensation in the socket. Fixing crosstalk to a defined value is done by fixed in one Plastic body inserted contacts, which are used to generate the necessary Crosstalk run in parallel. To avoid cable influences when connecting to the To limit contacts to a large extent, the contacts become clear Boundary of the crosstalk zone first pulled apart and the wires in an almost decoupled layer. Undefined layers of the veins as a result of dissolved twisting, they hardly influence the Crosstalk values.

Such a plug brings together with the socket described above considerably better values for the near crosstalk at higher ones Transmission frequencies that have also been confirmed by measurement technology. to crosstalk is further improved in the frequency response Plugs between the contact pairs 203, 206 and 204, 205 selectively larger selected and corrected by a subsequent compensation. The Compensation is chosen so that the connector returns the necessary values for cat 5 supplies. Before the implementation is described in the contact arrangement the underlying principle of action should be explained in more detail. Together with the contact arrangement for the socket described above the entire connector behaves like a crosstalk zone with two Compensation zones, namely one in the socket and one in the plug, the compared to a single compensation a much better one Compensation gain provides what follows based on a simple Arrangement of two coupled double lines is explained in Fig.7a - c. The near crosstalk between two parallel homogeneous lines Fig. 7a rises to a certain limit with 20 dB / dec, so it behaves like a first-order high-pass. For example, this crosstalk compensated by a second line section according to Fig.7b, for this purpose a line pair has been crossed, you get a limit curve for the Proximity crosstalk with optimal adjustment, which increases with 40 dB / dec. This Limit curve is clearly explained by the mean distance d between the crosstalk and compensation zone, so that over the Compensation zone running signal a by twice the distance d has a longer term. This leads to an additional frequency dependent Phase shift that deviates from the intended 180 □ to Crosstalk is canceled. A distance of d = λ / 4 causes already because of the double path length an additional phase reversal, so that in this case the resulting crosstalk is twice that the uncompensated crosstalk zone. A closer look leads to the result that a gain with such compensation only for one Distance d <λ / 12 is given.

For a compensation gain of 20 dB is one tenth of this distance necessary, ie approx. d = λ / 120. For a frequency of 200 MHz, the result is Material of the surrounding plastic has a wavelength of approx. 1 m. it is this requires a distance d of approx. 8 mm. The example shows how the Dimensions of the connector determine the limits of the compensation. The RJ 45 connector has a dimension of 8 mm made of mechanical Hard to beat for reasons, and a gain of 20 dB is not sufficient.

If the compensation area is divided into two equal parts and relocated this before and after the crosstalk area, you get an arrangement after Fig. 7c. The division results in two compensation signals, the mean duration is identical to the mean duration in the crosstalk zone. Thus there is no longer a frequency-dependent phase shift that Phase difference between the crosstalk signal and the Compensation signal remains 180 □, with a symmetrical structure is required. This gives you significantly better values for the Compensating gain. For an exact adjustment, a limit curve is the Nearest crosstalk of 60 dB / decade achievable. This limit is coming vividly that the amount of compensation due to the geometric separation of the two compensations at the high Frequencies decreases. The distance between the two compensations is 1.5 d = λ / 4 thus d = λ / 6, both have opposite signs, the Compensation has no effect. The cutoff frequency at which the compensation becomes ineffective is twice as high as with single compensation. Together with the higher slope of the near crosstalk curve, the The gain of this type of compensation can be seen in FIG. 8. The frequency profiles in Fig. 8 could be confirmed with a four-wire ribbon cable become.

9 shows the contact arrangement for the inner contacts 203, 204, 205, 206 shown. To generate the double compensation described above are the two inner contacts 204, 205 crossed, right from the crossing point 212 the crosstalk zone 211 and to the left of Crossing point 212 is the compensation zone 213, which is the first part of the Compensation forms, while the second compensation area in the Socket lies. Furthermore, the contacts 203, 204, 205, 206 have one low line impedance in compensation zone 213 compared to Crosstalk zone 211 on what, for example, by different Diameter or shape of the contacts is realized. This is what happens the two contact pairs in the compensation zone predominantly capacitive coupling instead. This compensates for the majority of the capacitive coupling in the area of plug / socket transition, where the not current-carrying contact ends of the plug and especially the socket act capacitively. This measure also gives the connector for this frequency range the necessary good values for that Remote crosstalk. Alternatively, the measure can be done with the different Line impedances are also placed behind the crossing in the socket or be divided. The production of these capacities is technical in the stamped contacts in the plug but easier to do than in the socket, whose contacts are made of wire.

The complete contact arrangement for the plug is shown in FIG. 10. For decoupling between the inner contacts 203, 206, 204, 205 and the outer contacts 201, 202, 207, 208, the outer contacts run in the Contact area 210 in opposite directions. The current clearly flows into the outer one Contacts from top to bottom, inside from bottom to top. All Contacts are formed at their contact ends with radii around the To improve contact with the mating contacts of the socket. Of further the outer contacts 201, 202, 207, 208 point directly behind the contact area 210 indentations 215, which for better Decoupling with the contacts of the socket. The continuation of the outer contacts 201, 202, 207, 208 from the contact area 210 to Connection area 214 is carried out parallel to the inner contacts 203, 206, 204, 205 in another plane such that a decoupling between the internal and external contacts takes place. The cable connections in the Connection areas are made in pairs and through a matrix-like 2 x 2 Arrangement spatially separated from each other, so that cable influences due undefined twist are low.

11-13 is the contact arrangement for a socket with a Printed circuit board 91 and the assembled insulation displacement contacts 92 in different perspective views. The contacts are in not installed condition, i.e. without socket body. Will the Contact set installed in a socket body, not shown, are eight contacts in parallel and under the necessary bias. The eyes on the circuit board for contacts 1, 2 and 4, 5 and 7, 8 are offset to here to maintain the necessary minimum clearance for the creepage distances.

14 and 15, the contact arrangement for the plug is perspective shown, the contacts 201-208 in the connection area 214 with Penetration connections 216 are formed. Contacts 203-206 of the two nested contact pairs are in the Compensation zone 213 formed areal to the line impedance in Reduce compared to the crosstalk zone 211. Furthermore are Contacts 201-208 formed in the contact area 210 with hooks 217, which for Serve attachment in a plug body, not shown.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Contact (socket)

2

Contact (socket)

3

Contact (socket)

4

Contact (socket)

5

Contact (socket)

6

Contact (socket)

7

Contact (socket)

8th

Contact (socket)

10

Contact area (socket)

11

Crossing point (socket)

31

Partial area of contact 3

32

Part of contact 3

33

Part of contact 3

41

Part of contact 4

42

Part of contact 4

43

Part of contact 4

44

Part of contact 4

45

Part of contact 4

46

Part of contact 4

51

Part of contact 5

52

Part of contact 5

53

Part of contact 5

54

Part of contact 5

55

Part of contact 5

56

Part of contact 5

61

Part of contact 6

62

Part of contact 6

63

Part of contact 6

90

Connection area (socket)

91

circuit board

201

Contact (plug)

202

Contact (plug)

203

Contact (plug)

204

Contact (plug)

205

Contact (plug)

206

Contact (plug)

207

Contact (plug)

208

Contact (plug)

210

Contact area (plug)

211

Crosstalk zone (plug)

212

Crossing point (plug)

213

Compensation zone (connector)

214

Connection area (plug)

215

Indentation (plug)

216

Durchdringverbindungen

217

hook

Claims (15)

1. Arrangement of contact pairs for a socket of an electric plug connection, having at least two contact pairs which are nested inside one another, especially for an RJ-45 plug connection, it being possible for the contacts, towards the connection area, to be arranged to be partly fixed and, towards the contact area, to be arranged in a sprung manner in a socket body, and at least two contacts of the nested contact pairs being led so that they cross, characterized in that the crossover point (11) of the contacts (4, 5) is located in the spring-mounted subarea of the contacts (4, 5).
2. Arrangement according to Claim 1, characterized in that the crossover point (11) directly adjoins the contact area (10).
3. Arrangement according to Claim 2, characterized in that, in a first subarea (31, 61, 41, 51), the contacts (3, 6) are led from the common contact area (10) in the opposite direction and parallel to the contacts (4, 5), following this, in a second subarea (42, 52), the contacts (4, 5) are then turned through 180° and crossed and, in a following subarea (43, 53), are again led parallel to the first subarea (31, 61, 41, 51).
4. Arrangement according to Claim 3, characterized in that, in a following area (32, 62, 44, 54), the contacts (3, 6; 4, 5) are bent and then led in parallel.
5. Arrangement according to Claim 4, characterized in that, in an area (46, 56), the contacts (4, 5) are bent over towards the connection area (90) and are led in a position in which they are decoupled from the contacts (3, 6) and parallel to the latter.
6. Arrangement according to one of Claims 3 to 5, characterized in that, in the area (41, 51), the contact pairs (1, 2; 7, 8) which are not nested in one another are led in the same direction and parallel to the contacts (4, 5), are bent in the area of the crossover point (11) and are then led to the connection area (90) parallel to the contacts (3, 6; 4, 5).
7. Socket for an electric plug connection, comprising a socket body and a set of contacts, characterized in that the contacts (1, 2; 3, 6; 4, 5; 7, 8) are designed as an arrangement according to one of Claims 1 to 6.
8. Arrangement of contact pairs for a plug of an electric plug connection for a socket having an arrangement of contact pairs according to Claims 1 to 6, especially for an RJ-45 plug connection, characterized in that, between a contact area (210) and a connection area (214), nested contacts (3, 6; 4, 5) are designed to be parallel to one another and uncrossed, in order to form a defined crosstalk zone (211), and, at the connection area (214), the two contact pairs (3, 6; 4, 5) are led in a position in which they are decoupled from one another.
9. Arrangement according to Claim 8, characterized in that, in the area of the crosstalk zone (211), the contact length and/or the distance between the contacts (3, 6; 4, 5) is/are selected such that a degree of crosstalk which is greater than a Cat 5 plug is established.
10. Arrangement according to Claim 9, characterized in that, between the crosstalk zone (211) and the connection area (214), the contacts (204, 205) are crossed and form a compensation area (213).
11. Arrangement according to Claim 10, characterized in that the line impedances of the contacts (203, 206; 204, 205) in the compensation area (213) are lower than in the crosstalk area (211).
12. Arrangement according to Claim 11, characterized in that the contacts (203, 206; 204, 205) are designed to extend over an area in the compensation area (213).
13. Arrangement according to one of Claims 8 to 12, characterized in that the contacts (201, 202; 207, 208) are designed to be parallel to one another and, in the contact area (210), are led in the opposite direction to the contacts (3, 6; 4, 5).
14. Arrangement according to Claim 9, characterized in that, the contacts (201, 202; 207, 208) have an indentation (215) adjacent to the contact area (210).
15. Plug for an electric plug connection, comprising a plug body and a set of contacts, characterized in that [lacuna] are designed as an arrangement according to one of Claims 8 to 14.

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