EP1080278A1

EP1080278A1 - Building construction, especially for a low energy building

Info

Publication number: EP1080278A1
Application number: EP99970141A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Peter Dost; Gert Hintersdorf; Hermann Klauschke
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1998-10-06
Filing date: 1999-09-13
Publication date: 2001-03-07
Anticipated expiration: 2019-09-13
Also published as: WO2000020698A1; DE19982005D2; DE19847070A1; ATE323198T1; EP1080278B1; DE59913330D1

Abstract

The invention relates to a building construction, especially for a low energy building. The key structural elements are sheer-resistantly interconnected steel pan panels for constructing walls and roofs and sheer-resistantly interconnected steel trapezoidal profile panels for constructing strip foundations, basement walls, floor and ceiling panels. The aim of the invention is to produce a building construction with large depths and large spans by means of a composite construction. To this end, the following measures are taken: (b) the inner and outer chord of the steel pan panels (7) and the inner (37) and outer chords (42) of the interconnected steel trapezoidal profile panels (2) are each provided with a sheer-resistantly connected batten (44, 45) in the direction of the chord. The fronts of the steel pan panels, which are sheer-resistantly fixed in a U-shaped holding element (50), are cast or screwed in with a nonpositive fit. The ceiling panels (9) are mounted on the battens that are sheer-resistantly connected to the inner chords and are sheer-resistantly connected with transverse laths. Finally, the openings for the doors and windows have heads for which shearing wall support structures are formed from steel pan panels.

Description

title

Building construction, especially for a low-energy building.

Field of application of the invention

The invention relates to a building construction that is particularly suitable for low-energy buildings. Areas of application include light buildings, single and two-family houses, semi-detached houses, extensions, conversions and additions as well as functional buildings with or without a basement.

Characteristic of the known technical solution

For the construction of a building construction, it is known to use steel cassette plates, which are connected to one another in a shear-resistant manner for the construction of walls and roofs, and steel trapezoidal profile plates which are connected in a shear-resistant manner for the construction of strip foundations, basement walls, floor and ceiling plates (DE-OS 2426464, DE- OS 2931891, DE-OS 4324612 ,, DE-GM 8616637). The inner shell of a building is attached to a crossbar attached to the inner belt of the panels.

However, the use of the steel cassette panels is only limited to components that are subject to bending and shear stress. Approvals are only available for this type of use. The steel cassette plates only take on wind loads with possibly snow loads perpendicular to their plane and shear forces in their plane to ensure the pane effect of the walls. Pressure loads, such as those required for load-bearing walls, are not permitted, so that only smaller buildings and containers can be built according to the known principle. The steel cassette panels have the task of absorbing the thermal insulation and keeping it dimensionally stable, absorbing the pressure and suction forces caused by wind and, in addition, roof loads, as well as snow loads and transferring them to the substructures in the form of purlins, trusses, wall bars and supports. The decisive factor for the approvals of the steel cassette panels is their load-bearing capacity.

In contrast, trapezoidal steel sheets are also to be used for pressure loads in the direction of the profile in their plane. However, due to their shape, these are inferior to the steel cassette panels for use as wall elements. For use as ceiling elements, they are only united for small spans. Complete buildings, e.g. up to two storeys and a larger span cannot be achieved with the trapezoidal steel panels.

A complicated basic construction is necessary for the formation of a foundation, which must also be kept floating and true to size in the still liquid concrete.

Presentation of the nature of the invention

The invention has for its object to develop a complete building construction, even for larger heights and spans, with steel cassette and trapezoidal steel sheets in a composite construction. The targeted installation of insulation materials is intended to create a low-energy building. This is achieved in that, according to the invention, the inner and outer belts of the steel cassette plates and, in the case of the steel trapezoidal profiles, the inner and / or outer belts in the belt direction are each provided with shear-proof battens, in that the end faces of the steel cassette plates, which are fixed in a U-shaped holding element, are non-positively locked are cast or screwed in, that the ceiling panels are mounted on the battens that are connected to the inner belts in a shear-resistant manner and that they are connected in a shear-resistant manner via crossbars, that the openings for doors and windows have lintels in which thrust wall support structures are formed from steel cassette panels and that for the construction of the strip or The steel trapezoidal profile plate in the basement Foundation lifting fixed to size and in a known manner with the

Foundation is connected.

Embodiment

The invention is explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment. The drawings show:

Fig. 1: a cross section through the house with a strip foundation

Trapezoidal steel profiles, ceiling panel made of trapezoidal steel profile as steel - wood -

Composite construction, walls made of steel cassette panels as steel - wood -

Composite construction and roof made of steel cassette plate as steel - wood -

Composite construction; Fig. 2: a cross section through the house with basement and floor slab and

Basement walls made of trapezoidal steel as well as load-bearing walls

Steel cassette panels as steel - wood composite constructions for a

Thrust floor; Fig. 3: the strip foundation in detail with a top view of the

Trapezoidal steel profile; Fig. 4: Construction of the basement outer wall and the base plate in detail; 5: a horizontal section through the basement outer wall with wall structure; Fig. 6: the ceiling plate in detail;

Fig. 7: the steel cassette plate as a steel-wood composite in principle; Fig. 8: the connection of the steel cassette plates with air seal in principle; Fig. 9: the inner steel support system of the outer wall construction as

Perspective representation and its assembly process; 10 the building corner solution in detail; 11: the floor plan variant with the corner solutions of the outer walls,

Tolerance compensation and inner walls in principle; Fig. 12: the tolerance compensation in detail; 13: the top view of an oriel formation in principle; Fig. 14: The formation of any openings with a lintel designed as a sliding wall support in the view as well as in the horizontal and vertical

Cut; 15: a horizontal section through the outer wall in principle; 16: a horizontal section through another outer wall in principle; 17: a section perpendicular to the roof plane through the roof element in principle; Fig. 18: the principle of manual assembly with the prefabricated roof elements;

Fig. 19: the structure of a load-bearing wall, ceiling or roof structure

Trapezoidal steel sheets; Fig. 20: further examples for the construction of a load-bearing wall, ceiling or

Roof construction depending on different load conditions.

The single-family house (FIG. 1) has the strip foundation 1, consisting of the steel trapezoidal profile plate 2, the concrete foundation 3 and the ventilation duct 4 in the area of the grown floor 5 and the base plate 6 consisting of the steel trapezoidal profile-wood composite. On the trapezoidal steel panel 2, the vertically trapezoidal profiled steel cassette-wood composite panel 7 is placed as a load-bearing wall and as an intermediate wall and has the opening 8 for windows. On the steel cassettes - wood - composite panel 7, the ceiling panel 9 consisting of the steel trapezoidal profile wood - composite is placed. The steel cassette roof element 12 is fastened via the purlins and middle purlins 10 and the ridge wood 11. The steel cassette panels and the steel trapezoidal profile panels are each connected to each other in a shear-resistant manner.

The residential building (FIG. 2) has the strip foundation 1, consisting of the steel trapezoidal professional plate 2 and the concrete foundation 3, and the base plate 6 for forming the basement space 13. The steel cassette-wood composite plate 7 is arranged continuously to form the thrust floor. The strip foundation 1 (FIGS. 1 and 3) has the foundation trench 15 with the grown bottom 5, the leveled bottom 16 and the bottom 17 of the trench. The steel trapezoidal professional plate 2 is introduced with the bottom part 18 into the grown bottom 5 over the area of the trench bottom 17 and has the flanging 19 or other transverse stiffeners. In the area of the flaring 19, the concrete foundation 3 is poured and the foundation trench 15 is filled on the outside with filling soil 20. Inside, the filling floor 20 is only introduced into the area of the leveled floor 16. The support 21 is arranged on the steel trapezoidal panel 2 and the base plate 6, which is designed as a steel trapezoidal profile-wood composite, is placed and fixed. The upper end face 22 of the trapezoidal steel sheet 2 has the U-shaped holding profile 23 and the air opening 24. The cavity 25 is formed between the base plate 6 and the leveled base 16, so that air circulation is achieved via this and the air opening 24.

The strip foundation 1 (FIGS. 2 and 4) has the foundation trench 15 with the grown bottom 5. The prefabricated concrete foundation is introduced into the foundation trench 15. The steel trapezoidal panel 2 is fastened to this as a basement outer wall and sealed in the area of the fastening in a water-impermeable manner. The base plate 27, which is designed as a trapezoidal steel profile, is fixed on the support 21 with the interposition of the elastic layer 85 and the water-retaining barrier layer 28. The load-bearing, water-permeable insulation 29 (perimeter insulation) is introduced between the grown soil 5 and the barrier layer 28. The ceiling plate 6, which is designed as a steel trapezoidal profile-wood composite, is fixed via the support 21.

The basement outer wall 30 (FIG. 5) is constructed in such a way that in the area of the basement 13 the steel trapezoidal sheet 2 has the inner insulation 31 and in the outer area the water-permeable insulation 29 in front of the filling floor 20. The outer wall of the trapezoidal steel sheet 2 is provided with the thermal protection coating 86. All of the individual elements are designed as disks. The ceiling plate designed as a steel trapezoidal profile-wood composite (FIG. 6) has the steel trapezoidal professional plate 33 with battens 35 connected to the lower flange 34 in a shear-proof manner. The thermal and acoustic insulation 32 is arranged between the water vapor permeable underlay 36 and the steel trapezoidal professional panel 33 and the battens 35.

The steel cassette-wood composite plate 7 (FIG. 7) for the load-bearing walls and for the inner, intermediate and partition walls has the steel cassette plate 48 with the trapezoidal profiled inner belt 37, the profiled webs 38; 39 and the cranked outer straps 42, which have the inner detent 40 and the outer detent 41; 43 on. The battens 44, which are to be connected in a shear-resistant manner after assembly, are fastened to the outer belt 43 having the outer latching lug 41. The battens 45 to be connected in a shear-proof manner after the assembly are fastened to the inner belt 37. The connection of the steel cassettes - wood - composite panels 7 (battens 44; 45 not shown) takes place via the locking lugs 40; 41, the air seal 47 and the screw connection 46 (Fig. 8). The battens 45 are fastened from the outside with screw connection 87 having seals.

To build the load-bearing wall 49 (FIG. 9), the steel cassette plates 48 are over the locking lugs 40; 41 (Fig. 7) pre-assembled, guided in the U-shaped holding element 50 and fixed via the screw connections 51 (battens 44; 45 not shown). The lower end face of the steel trapezoidal profile plates 48 are cast into the U-shaped holding element 50 by means of a casting compound (not shown). The upper end face of the steel cassette plates 48 can also be guided with the U-shaped holding element 50.

To form the corner of the load-bearing walls 49; 53 (FIG. 10), the outer belt of the steel cassette plates for the wall 53 is guided on the web 38 of the steel cassette plates for the wall 49 and is connected to one another via the screw connection 51. The web 39 of the steel cassette plates for the wall 53 is connected to the inner belt 37 of the steel cassette plates for the wall 49 via the screw connection 51 (battens 44; 45 not shown).

The floor plan for the construction of the building (Fig. 11) shows the load-bearing outer walls 49; 53 and the inner wall 54. The inner wall 54 is fixed via the webs 38 of the steel cassette plates 48 to the inner belts 37 of the steel cassette plates 49 via screw connections. For the purpose of tolerance compensation, the steel cassette plate 55 is separated vertically and is connected via the partial inner belt 56 to the inner belt 37 of the steel cassette plate of the inner wall 54 via screw connections.

For a further tolerance compensation (Fig. 11 and Fig. 12), the trapezoidal steel plate 55 on the inner belt 37 is separated vertically and connected via the vertical U-shaped bracket 56 by means of screw connections 57 (battens 44; 45 not shown). If the oriel 57 is to be formed in the load-bearing wall 49 (FIG. 13), the steel cassette plates are to be connected with one another in a shear-resistant manner (battens 44; 45 not shown). The steel cassette plate 55 is to be formed vertically separately. A curved bay window is also possible due to the elastic curvature of the webs. The U-shaped elements must be designed accordingly. The window opening 59 is formed in such a way (FIG. 14) that the reveal is cut out by horizontally separating the steel cassette plates 48. The thrust wall support 60 is formed as a lintel 64 using the U-shaped element 50 and the steel cassette sections 88, in which the battens 61 are connected to thin-walled plates 62 and the outer belts of the sections 88 via the screw connection 63. The lights are formed over the vertical battens 65 and allow any cutout. The inner shell 66 is connected to the battens 45 (FIG. 15), which consists for example of the chipboard 67 and for example the gypsum fiber board 68. If necessary, the heat protection coating 69 is to be applied to this.

The insulation layer 70 is introduced between the inner belt 37 and the inner shell 66. Between the inner belt 37 and outer belts 42; 43, the insulation layers 71, 72 are introduced. The heat protection coating 69 is sprayed onto the insulation layer 71. It is also possible for the heat protection coatings 69 between the insulation layers 70; 71; 72 to bring. For this purpose, a carrier, e.g. Paper to be provided with the heat protection coating.

The outer shell 74 is supported by the support plate 75 connected to the slats 44 for receiving e.g. Plaster or slabs formed. The cavity formed between the inner belt 37 and chipboard 67 is to be formed as an installation channel 76 if necessary.

Such a construction of the outer wall ensures a high level of insulation, for example by achieving a K value of 0.14 W / m ² K with a total wall thickness of only 23 cm.

For the construction of the load-bearing outer wall (FIG. 16) it is easily possible to have several layers of insulation material layers 70; 71; 72 between inner belt 37 and

Introduce outer shell 74 and the heat protection coatings 69; 73 to apply or insert. Here, e.g. with a total wall thickness of only

30 cm a K value of 0.11 W / m ² K is reached. The battens 55 are larger

Thickness to provide the ceiling loads on drift floors or multi-storey buildings.

For the formation of the roof (Fig. 17), the steel cassette plate 12 with the

Insulation 77 provided and the heat protection coating 69 to over Outer straps 42; 43 and in the area of the webs 38; 39 trained. The vertical fastening angles 78 are arranged on the inner belt 37 via the screw connections 79. The battens 45 are fastened in a shear-resistant manner to the fastening angle 78 and the roof-high element 80 is thus formed. A high level of prefabrication of the roof is thus achieved. Manual assembly of the roof-high elements 80 is readily possible for the construction of the roof (FIG. 18). After laying the elements 80, the counter battens 82 must be attached. Any roof covering must be applied to this. The inner shell 83, which receives the insulation layer 84, is fastened to the battens 45. This roof construction can also be carried out without prefabrication.

This roof-high element 80 can also be used for the construction of the load-bearing walls.

For the production of a load-bearing wall, ceiling or roof construction (FIG. 19), the steel trapezoidal profile plates 33 connected to one another in a shear-resistant manner have the slats 35 arranged on the lower chords in a shear-resistant manner. The spacing of the battens should be selected depending on the loads. The layers are built up in the manner already described.

For the construction of wall, ceiling and roof constructions with different loading conditions, double steel trapezoidal profiled sheets 33 are used that are connected to each other in a shear-resistant manner (FIG. 20).

The following advantages are achieved by the inventions:

1. Simple, constructive and uncomplicated construction of complete buildings including basements and strip foundations from highly industrially manufactured and officially approved elements.

2. High overall building material savings.

3. Fast construction times even without an extreme degree of prefabrication.

4. Thanks to the universal modular system, flexible floor plans and constructions as well as load supports are possible.

5. Weather-independent assembly.

6. High earthquake security.

7. Vapor barrier already established in the system without additional effort.

8. Larger spans and thus support-free ceilings possible. List of reference signs

1 strip foundation

2 steel trapezoidal sheet

3 concrete foundation

4 ventilation duct

5 floor

6 base plate

7 steel cassettes - wood composite panel

8 opening

9 ceiling panel

10 foot and middle purlins

11 ridge wood

12 steel cassette element

13 basement room

14 drum floor

15 foundation trenches

16 bottom

17 trench sole

18 bottom part

19 flaring

20 filling floor

21st edition

22 end face

23 holding profile

24 air opening

25 cavity

26 air circulation

27 base plate

28 barrier layer

29 insulation

30 basement outer wall

31 Internal insulation

32 Thermal and acoustic insulation Steel trapezoidal professional plate lower flange battens roof membrane inner belt web bridge inner snap nose outer snap latch outer belt outer belt battens laths screw connection air seal steel cassette plate wall retaining element screw connection corner load-bearing wall inner wall steel cassette plate inner belt oriel corner connection element window opening push wall bracket lathing lath plate screw connection Chipboard Gypsum Fibreboard Heat insulation coating Insulation layer Insulation layer Insulation layer Heat protection coating Outer shell Carrier plate Installation duct Insulation Fixing bracket Screw connection Element Steel cassette plate Counter battens Inner shell Insulation layer Layer Heat protection coating Screw connection Steel cassette plate sections Intermediate profile

Claims

Claim

1. Building construction, especially for low-energy building, with a constructive core shear stable connected with each other steel case slabs for the construction of walls and roofs and shear-resistant interconnected trapezoidal steel plates for the construction of strip foundations, basement ^walls', walls, floor and ceiling plates are used characterized in that the inner and outer belts of the steel cassette plates and, in the case of the steel trapezoidal profiles, the inner and / or outer belts in the belt direction are each provided with shear-proof slats, that the end faces of the steel cassette plates, which are fixed in a U-shaped holding element, are cast or non-positively cast in are screwed on, that the ceiling panels are mounted on the battens, which are connected to the inner belts in a shear-proof manner, and are connected in a shear-resistant manner via crossbars, that the openings for doors and windows have lintels, in which steel wall panels make thrust wall support structures onen are formed and that to build the strip or basement foundation, the steel trapezoidal professional plate in the foundation excavation is dimensionally fixed and connected to the foundation in a known manner.

2. Building construction according to claim 1, characterized in that an inner and / or an outer shell are arranged on the battens.

3. Building construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the floor and ceiling panels are arranged in a shear-resistant manner on support elements connected to the steel cassette panels.

4. Building construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the roof forming, arranged in the downward direction, steel cassette plates with the battens arranged on the inner belt as fastening elements for receiving an inner shell and with the battens connected to the outer belt has a counter battens for receiving the roof covering.

5. Building construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the base plate is fixed on the strip foundation and is mounted on a load-bearing insulation layer.

6. Building construction according to claim 1, 2 and 4, characterized in that the inner shell is provided with or without internal insulation and with or without a heat protection coating.

7. Building construction according to claim 1, 2 and 4, characterized in that the outer shell is formed with internal insulation and with or without a heat protection coating.

8. Building construction according to claim 1, 2 and 4, characterized in that the heat protection coating is applied to the inner belt.

9. Building construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the shear-resistant battens on the outer belt is used to hold a ventilated outer shell or that the shear-resistant battens on the outer belt are provided with battens for holding a ventilated outer shell.

10. Building construction according to claim 1, characterized in that an outer skin is attached to or can be imagined on the battens arranged in a push-resistant manner on the outer belt.

11. Building construction according to claim 1, characterized in that for the formation of the load-bearing walls including the corner areas and the roof, the offsets on the outer belt of the steel cassette plates can be latched and the offsets on the inner belt are fixed one inside the other to form the partitions and partitions.

12. Building construction according to claim 1, characterized in that to form the partitions and partitions, the steel cassette plates in interlocking left and right - soapy web change laid interlocking and differences in length of the wall are compensated by sliding two elements.

13. Building construction according to claim 1, characterized in that for a tolerance compensation, a steel cassette plate is formed vertically separated and connected to each other with the legs thus formed over the inner belts or connected to a vertically profiled connecting element over the inner belts.

14. Building construction according to claim 1, characterized in that to form a bay-shaped wall steel cassette plates are separated vertically and fixed by means of vertical fastening elements on the inner and outer belts.

15. Building construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the steel cassette plates are elastically deformed to form a curved wall.

16. Building construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the trapezoidal profiled sheet steel - wood - composite for the floor and ceiling slab is provided with a slat fixed to the lower flange connected.

17. Building construction according to claim 1, characterized in that for the integration of doors, windows and other openings in the grid of the steel cassette panels corresponding openings are recessed, the vertical wooden planks installed in the wall cross-section result in the respective structural standard of the opening length and the cut at the height of the lintel Steel cassette panels with the wooden slats attached at the top and bottom form the sliding wall beam used as a lintel.

18. Building construction according to claim 1, characterized in that for the formation of the roof, the steel cassette plates with mounting brackets arranged on the inner belt and the slats in between are connected in a shear-resistant manner and are provided with layers of insulating material.

19. Building construction according to claim 18, characterized in that the insulation layers are provided with a thermal protection coating from the area of the outer belt to the area of the webs.

20. Building construction according to claim 1 to 18, characterized in that an intermediate layer, e.g. Paper, with a heat protection coating for laying in building material layers for the formation of wall, ceiling, floor and roof insulation is used for any building construction.

21. Building construction according to claim 1 to 18, characterized in that for the construction of the roof, the profiled in the roof pitch direction, made in a U-shaped and shear-resistant interconnected steel cassette plates, on the inside of each of the flanges a shear-proof wooden longitudinal battens for receiving the inner lining is attached and on the outside of each in the area of the flanges a shear-resistant, used as counter battens for receiving roof coverings.

22. Building construction according to claim 1 to 18, characterized in that the vertically trapezoidal profiled steel cassette plates, the inner belt of which are connected at the connection points with shear-proof lathing with fixing fastening elements for receiving the inner shell, and the outer belt with shear-proof lathing for receiving the outer shell and with insulation layers is provided, are used for the formation of any walls.

23. Building construction according to claim 1 to 18, characterized in that the vertically trapezoidal profiled sheet steel plates for the formation of a foundation or a basement wall for any building construction, the sheet steel plates being connected to the load-bearing walls via a U-shaped holding element and either poured into a concrete foundation or connected with a concrete foundation are used.

24. Building construction according to claim 1 to 22, characterized in that several shear-proof steel sheet plates are arranged with or without an intermediate profile and with or without battens or insulation.