EP1075700A1 - Double movement high voltage circuit breaker - Google Patents

Double movement high voltage circuit breaker

Info

Publication number
EP1075700A1
EP1075700A1 EP00909392A EP00909392A EP1075700A1 EP 1075700 A1 EP1075700 A1 EP 1075700A1 EP 00909392 A EP00909392 A EP 00909392A EP 00909392 A EP00909392 A EP 00909392A EP 1075700 A1 EP1075700 A1 EP 1075700A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rod
axis
operating rod
contacts
circuit breaker
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00909392A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Michel Perret
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Grid Solutions SAS
Original Assignee
Alstom SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alstom SA filed Critical Alstom SA
Publication of EP1075700A1 publication Critical patent/EP1075700A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H33/905—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism the compression volume being formed by a movable cylinder and a semi-mobile piston
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H33/904—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism characterised by the transmission between operating mechanism and piston or movable contact
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H2033/028—Details the cooperating contacts being both actuated simultaneously in opposite directions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/16—Impedances connected with contacts
    • H01H33/166—Impedances connected with contacts the impedance being inserted only while closing the switch
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/7015—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts
    • H01H33/7023—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts characterised by an insulating tubular gas flow enhancing nozzle

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a high voltage circuit breaker with double movement of the contacts comprising a device for blowing semi-mobile piston isolation gas and possibly a closing resistance inserter.
  • High voltage circuit breakers with double movement of the contacts are known, an example is notably described in the document FR-A-2737937.
  • a high breaking capacity is likely to be obtained with such circuit breakers insofar as the double movement which they provide results in displacements of opposite direction of the contacts which they comprise and results in a rapid separation of these contacts, in opening case.
  • An insulating gas blowing device is provided to allow rapid extinction of the electric arc which forms between the arcing contacts, when they separate, while the circuit breaker is energized.
  • the isolation gas used for extinguishing purposes is conventionally compressed by a piston and the compression operation cannot be instantaneous. It is therefore difficult to obtain the achievement of a compression which is optimal with known double movement circuit breakers, knowing that the movement of the compressor piston is mechanically linked to the faster movements of the circuit breaker contacts, which leads to insufficiently satisfactory solutions. It is for example known to precede the opening of the contacts of a circuit breaker by a movement in the opposite direction of the compression piston and of the moving contact assembly of a circuit breaker to quickly complete the compression of the insulation gas intended at arc blowing on opening. However, this displacement generates stresses and efforts which penalize the proper functioning of the compression chamber.
  • the invention therefore proposes a double-pole multipole circuit breaker making it possible to obtain differentiated speeds of displacement for the compression piston and for the moving and semi-moving contact crews taken separately.
  • Each pole of the circuit breaker has an envelope delimiting a breaking chamber, intended to be filled with dielectric gas, in which is provided a fixed assembly including two conductive tubes aligned on either side of a central zone provided for the contacts of the pole. and each connected to a terminal of different external connection, said contacts being distributed in two contact equipments, movable in translation along the same axis and complementary, interconnecting successively by means of two coaxial contacts and of annular shape, one of wear and the other says permanent.
  • One of the two crews has a permanent contact element constituted by the outer wall of a first cylindrical conductive part, capable of sliding in the permanent annular contact element of the other crew, said mobile , and in one of the fixed tubes to which this part is electrically connected, via its wall.
  • the permanent annular element of the movable assembly is carried by another conductive part, of cylindrical appearance, capable of sliding in the other fixed tube to which this other part is electrically connected, as well as a contact element of wear consisting of a conductive end piece mounted at the end of a carrier conductive rod axially fixed inside said other conductive part.
  • the rod is able to penetrate axially into an arc blowing nozzle, which it then closes and which delimits an arc expansion volume around a wear contact element, complementary to the conductive end piece and axially carried by the first conductive part of the semi-mobile assembly, as well as the nozzle which is fixed at the end of this first part at the edge of the volume.
  • the latter is able to be filled with gas through a wall which separates it from a compression chamber formed in the first conductive part between this wall and a compressor piston set in motion with the two crews.
  • the circuit breaker comprises an operating rod axially disposed in the pole comprising it and movable in translation between an extreme insertion position for which the contacts of the crews are interconnected and an extreme opening position for which these contacts are separate.
  • This operating rod carries the first part specific to the semi-mobile contact assembly which it drives during its movements and it cooperates with a first connecting rod via which said other part specific to the mobile assembly is driven.
  • the crankshaft is arranged to ensure successively under the action of the operating rod pulled from its extreme driving position, an initial displacement of the two crews in the same direction as the rod, followed by a displacement of the movable crew in opposite direction with respect to the semi-mobile assembly, after a stop of the mobile assembly and until arrival of the operating rod in its open position, after separation of the contacts.
  • the operating rod cooperates with a second connecting rod via which the compressor piston is driven in a reverse direction, relative to the first part where it slides, until the contacts are separated.
  • the first linkage is arranged to allow obtaining an equal speed of the two crews moving in opposite directions, during the separation of the contacts.
  • the first linkage comprises:
  • a second axis mounted transversely on the tube through which the rod passes, the latter being provided with a longitudinal lumen allowing the passage of this axis
  • the connecting rods and rods for actuating the axis and for controlling the moving equipment are paired and form two sub-assemblies respectively housed on either side of the operating rod.
  • an axis actuating rod is bent at a level where it abuts against the second axis, in the position of extreme insertion of the operating rod for which the contacts are interconnected, and a movable element control rod forms an obtuse angle with the corresponding axis actuation rod, at the level of the second axis on which they are fixed, so that the two axes each carried by one of them , are located on the same side of the operating rod, when this operating rod is in the extreme driving position and the axis actuation rod passes beyond this rod, after a limited displacement of the operating rod from the extreme insertion position.
  • the second linkage comprises •
  • the circuit breaker comprises a pair of connecting rods and two pairs of compression rods which form two sub-assemblies respectively housed on either side of the tube containing the operating rod.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show two partial longitudinal sections, made in planes perpendicular to each other, of a circuit breaker pole according to the invention, in the closed state.
  • Figure 3 shows a longitudinal section corresponding to that of Figure 2 for the pole, during a first of the opening stages of the circuit breaker.
  • Figures 4, 5, 6 each show a longitudinal section corresponding to that of Figure 2 for three successive intermediate stages of opening the circuit breaker.
  • Figure 7 shows a longitudinal section corresponding to that of Figure 2, of the circuit breaker pole in the tripped or open state.
  • the circuit breaker partially shown in the figures is a high-voltage multipole circuit breaker, for example 550 kN, of which only one of the poles is illustrated.
  • This pole includes a casing 1, of cylindrical appearance and partially shown, which is made of an insulating material, for example porcelain, or metal, in the case of an armored circuit breaker.
  • This envelope is closed at its ends, in a conventional manner not shown. It delimits a breaking chamber 2 intended to be filled with dielectric gas under pressure, this being commonly of the order of a few bars.
  • Chamber 2 contains in particular a fixed assembly including two tubes 3 and 4, of good conductive metal, which are aligned along the longitudinal axis XX 'of the envelope on either side of a central zone of this envelope provided for receive the pole contacts.
  • These contacts are each connected respectively to an external connection terminal, different and not shown, of the pole.
  • Two contact crews, mobile and complementary, are each carried by one of the tubes 3, 4 with respect to which they slide along the axis XX 'so as to come closer to interconnect or to separate to disconnect.
  • Each contact assembly comprises a conductive part 5 or 6, of cylindrical appearance, movable in translation relative to the tube 3 or 4 which carries it.
  • Each of the tubes 3, 4 has for this purpose an annular contact surface 7 or 8, inside which a tubular portion of one of the two parts 5, 6 slides longitudinally, so that electrical continuity is ensured between each of these parts and the tube where it slides.
  • the tube 4 consists of two sections 4A, 4B mounted end to end, for reasons of convenience.
  • the two contact crews interconnect successively by means of a contact, said to be of arcing or wear, and of a contact, said to be permanent, which are both annular and coaxial appearance.
  • the permanent contact is established peripherally between the outside of the cylindrical tube constituting the conductive part 6, which projects out of the tube 4, and an annular permanent contact element 9 which the conductive part 5 carries internally, here at that of its ends which protrudes from the tube 3.
  • the wear contact is established peripherally between the exterior of a conductive end piece 10 mounted at the end of a support rod 11, axially disposed inside the cylinder constituting the conductive part 5 , and a wear contact element 12, complementary, which the conductive part 6 carries internally, near its end projecting from the tube 4.
  • the wear contact and permanent contact elements that the part 5 carries are located so as to project at the same end level with respect to this part, while the wear contact element , protrudes beyond the end of the part 6, as can be seen in the various figures.
  • the end piece 10 and the wear contact element 12 are made of a conductive material, such as tungsten, chosen because of its resistance to erosion by electric arc.
  • the rod 1 1, which carries the end piece 10 at one end, is here a conductive rod, cylindrical, electrically connected to the part 5 inside which it is axially fixed. It passes longitudinally through an arc blowing nozzle 13 mounted at the end of the conductive part 6 and coming to be positioned inside the tube formed by the part 5, when the two contact fittings are interconnected.
  • the arc blowing nozzle 13 is assumed to be of known type and its function is not repeated here. It defines an arc expansion volume 14 the edge of which is internally fixed at the end, projecting from the tube 4, of the tube that the part forms 6. This volume 14 surrounds the wear contact element 12 which is mounted inside the tube formed by the part 6, behind the blowing nozzle relative to the end of this part where this nozzle is mounted.
  • the volume 14 then surrounds the end zone of the element 12, at the level of which the electric arcs are likely to form, as long as the circuit breaker has not been brought into the tripped position. It is then closed, at its end forming the bottom, by the rod 1 1 which passes through it and it can communicate, at its other end, with a gas compression chamber 15 by means of valves 16 carried by a partition wall 17, transversely positioned in the tube formed by part 6.
  • the partition wall 17 is part of a part of revolution coming to be fixed behind the element 12 in the tube formed by part 6 and / or on a hollow rod. 18 which carries this element 12 and which passes axially through the part 6.
  • the compression chamber 15 is between the inner wall of the tube formed by the part 6 and the outer wall of the rod 18. It is laterally limited by the partition wall 17 and by an annular compressor piston 19 which slides simultaneously inside the tube formed by the part 6 and on the rod 18. This piston 19 is provided with valves 20 which are provided to allow a circulation of gas di Electric for filling the compression chamber 15, apart from the gas compression stages.
  • the hollow rod 18 is in communication with the volume 14, through the central circular opening which delimits the element 12, when this opening is not closed by the end piece 10 or by the rod 1 1 which carries it.
  • the hollow rod 18 is mounted in the extension of an operating rod for the crews and the piston 21 at the end of which it is fixed.
  • the operating rod 21 is axially disposed in the pole which comprises it and it is movable in translation, along the longitudinal axis XX 'of the latter and between two extreme positions, under the action of an opening control device / closure, not shown.
  • This device acts alternately by pulling or pushing at one end of the operating rod 21 A which projects out of the casing 1, to control the coordinated movements of the contact members of the pole.
  • the movements of the contact equipment, called semi-mobile, of the pole reproduce those of the operating rod 21 which carries it, this equipment being essentially formed by the permanent contact element that constitutes the tubular wall outside of the part 6, as well as by the wear contact element 12, internally fixed to the end of the rod 18, inside the part 6.
  • the movements of the contact assembly, said to be mobile , of the pole are obtained by means of a first linkage of motion control.
  • the latter is preferably formed symmetrically with respect to the operating rod or more precisely with respect to a median longitudinal plane of the pole of axis XX '.
  • a second linkage ensures the control of the movements of the compressor piston 19 in relation to the movements of the contact equipment, it is also preferably produced symmetrically with respect to a median longitudinal plane of the pole of axis XX ′, this plane of symmetry being here assumed the same as for the first linkage.
  • the first linkage is only symbolized in Figure 2 and the second linkage is only shown in Figures 2 to 7 and not in Figure 1.
  • the first control linkage comprises a first axis 22 transversely mounted on the operating rod 21, near the actuating end 21 A of this rod, and a second axis 23 mounted transversely on the tube 4.
  • This second axis 23 passes through the operating rod 21 which, for this purpose, has a longitudinal opening 21B of suitable length, as shown in FIGS. 2 to 7.
  • the two axes 22 and 23 are interconnected by a system of connecting rods 24 and connecting rods 25, so that the movement of the operating rod 21 along the axis XX 'causes rotation of the axis 23 in one direction or in the other in the direction of movement imposed on the operating rod.
  • two rods 24, identical and bent here, called axis actuation, are each mounted by one end at one of the ends of the first axis 22, with respect to which they can rotate.
  • Each of these connecting rods 24 is articulated at its other end, in the same way and via an individual axis 26, with an axis actuating rod 25 at a first end of the latter.
  • the two links 25 are identical and they are fixed in the same way on the axis 23, on either side of the operating rod that they adjoin, and each at a second of its ends.
  • the assembly formed by the pairs of connecting rods 24, connecting rods 25 and axes 26 splits into two sub-assemblies here housed in a first section of the tube 4, on either side of the operating rod 21.
  • the rotations of the axis 23 take place in one direction or the other depending on the direction of movement imposed on the operating rod. They are used to move the contact assembly, said to be mobile, which is carried by the conductive part 5 and which is essentially composed by the annular permanent contact element 9, as well as by the conductive end piece 10 and by the rod 11 of the wear contact.
  • two identical rods 27, known as the moving equipment control are fixed in the same way on the axis 23, on either side of the tube 4 which they adjoin, and each by a first end.
  • Two identical moving element control rods 28, here rectilinear are articulated, each by a first end to a second end of one of the rods 27, by means of an individual articulation axis 29.
  • each connecting rod 28 is assumed to be made in several parts, it is essentially composed of a connecting rod at the ends of which the articulation arrangements of this rod on the axes 29 and 30 are made or mounted.
  • the second linkage which controls the movements of the compression piston 19, is positioned inside the second section of tube 4, between the first section of this tube and the compression piston 19 whose movements it controls.
  • this connecting rod assembly comprises an axis 31, called the control axis, which is transversely mounted on the operating rod 21 so as to be able to move with this rod 21 in the second section of tube 4B and along the axis XX ', when it moves between its two extreme positions.
  • the movement to ensure gas compression between the compression piston 19 and the partition wall 17 and the corresponding return movement are obtained by the action of a connecting rod 32 or preferably a pair of connecting rods 32, called (s ) compression.
  • each connecting rod 32 has a first end which is articulated on the compression piston 19 by means of a central axis whose only position I is illustrated in FIG. 2, this articulation, of usual type, does not not being shown for reasons of readability of the figure.
  • each connecting rod 32 serves as an articulation for a first end of two connecting rods 34 and 35 provided one for controlling the movements of this connecting rod 32 and the other for controlling them.
  • each link 34 is articulated, at its second end, on the control pin 31 carried by the operating rod 21.
  • each link 35 is articulated, at its second end, on a fixed axis 36 carried by a support piece 37.
  • This piece 37 is here mounted on a wall element 38 which is fixed between the first and the second section of the tube 4B and which centrally forms a sliding support surface for the operating rod 21.
  • the axes 31 and 36 can alternately be constituted either in the form of a single axis each, or of two half-axes, while an axis individual 33 is provided for each of the sub-assemblies of a connecting rod 32 and two connecting rods 34, 35 of the second linkage.
  • these two sub-assemblies are respectively housed on either side of the tube 4 containing the operating rod.
  • One or more openings 39 are here provided in the wall element 38 for the passage of the dielectric gas intended to be compressed in the chamber 15, before being blown for the purpose of extinguishing an arc at the level of the contact of wear.
  • Figures 2 to 7 are intended to illustrate the different characteristic and successive stages of the opening of a circuit breaker pole according to the invention.
  • each articulation pin 26, between connecting rod 24 and rod actuating pin 25, is in an extreme driving position inside the tube 4 for which it is close to the operating rod, this approximation being limited here by the support of the rod 24 against the axis 23.
  • the rods 24 for actuating the axis are therefore identically bent at the level where they bear against the axis 23, in this position extreme depression of the operating rod 21, in order to obtain the desired maximum amplitude travel, with minimum lengths of the rods 24 and rods 25.
  • Each of the rods 27 for moving equipment control forms an obtuse angle, for example from o rdre by 130 °, with the corresponding rod 25 at the level of the axis 23 on which they are fixed.
  • Axes 26 and 29 respectively carried by these rods are then located on the same side of the rod 21, ie under this rod in FIG. 2.
  • the compression piston 19 is then moved as far as possible from the wall ⁇ e separation 17, which it will then approach to ensure compression of the gas contained therebetween.
  • the control axis 31 is then in its position of maximum insertion inside the second section of the tube 4, due to the maximum insertion of the operating rod 21. This leads to the axis 33 being in an extreme position away from this operating rod 21, so that the distance between the compression piston and the axis 31 is minimum.
  • the displacement of the operating rod 21 by traction towards the outside of the tube 4 initially causes a simultaneous displacement of the two contact assemblies in the same direction, as illustrated in FIG. 3.
  • the traction exerted on the rod 21 causes a displacement of same direction of this rod and of the semi-mobile assembly, the part 6 of which sinks into the tube 4.
  • This movement of the operating rod 21 leads to traction of the actuating rods 24 on the articulation axes 26 and to a rotation of the axis 23.
  • This rotation causes the displacement of the axes 29 carried by the connecting rods 27, towards the axis XX 'of the operating rod 21, and a traction of the connecting rods 28 on the part 5 in the direction of displacement of the rod 21.
  • the mobile assembly of which this part 5 is part therefore tends to follow the semi-mobile assembly, until the axes 29 are in the same plane as the axis XX ′, as illustrated on figure 3.
  • the traction exerted on the rod of my noeuvre 21 also tends to bring each individual axis 33 closer to the axis XX 'of this rod with a component along this axis which leads to the displacement of the piston 19 towards the separation wall 17.
  • a compression of the gas contained between this piston and this wall is obtained, until the pressure reached is sufficient to open the valves 16 which allow the passage of gas under pressure in the expansion volume 14, as in particular illustrated in FIG. 4.
  • the annular permanent contact element 9 comprised by the part 5 slides on the permanent contact element that externally forms the wall of the tube constituted by the part 6, due to the displacements of the parts 5 and 6 in opposite directions.
  • the permanent contact of the pole opens, when the annular permanent contact element 9 that the part 5 carries leaves the external surface of the part 6, the electrical continuity then being ensured only by means of the wear contact. .
  • the wear contact is opened when the traction exerted on the operating rod 21 leads each of the axis actuation rods 25 to approach the rod 21, after having crossed the plane passing through the axis 23 which is perpendicular to the XX 'axis.
  • This opening is caused by the movements in the opposite direction of the operating rod 21 and of the part 5, under the thrust of the movable member control rods 28 for the latter. It results in a break in the electrical connection at the end piece 1 1, when the latter ceases to be in contact with the wear contact element 12.
  • the compressed dielectric gas contained in the volume of expansion 14 is then evacuated through this contact element and the hollow rod 18 which extends it, due to the pressure difference existing between the expansion volume and the interior of the tube 4 with which the hollow rod communicates . This evacuation causes a blowing which intended to interrupt the electrical continuity between the nozzle 1 1 and the wear contact element 12, when the latter is temporarily maintained by an electric arc.
  • the wear contact can be opened relatively slowly, to avoid significant overlap of the arcing fingers on the end piece 10, and therefore in the case where closing resistance is provided and where it is advantageous to promote their integration.
  • FIG. 7 An open state shown schematically in Figure 7 is obtained when the operating rod 21 has been pulled into an extreme position, called opening, relative to the tube 4 for which the traction exerted via the connecting rods actuation 24 becomes inoperative.

Landscapes

  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a circuit breaker wherein each pole comprises a case (1) containing two fixed conductor tubes (3, 4), in line around a zone provided for the pole contacts and connected each to a connection terminal. A semi-mobile moving element comprises a permanent contact element formed by the outside of a cylindrical component (6) capable of sliding in a permanent contact element (9) of the moving element and in the tube. Said element is mounted on a part (5) sliding in the tube (3) which carries a wear contact element (10, 11) penetrating axially into an arc blow nozzle (13) whereto a dielectric gas is sent by a piston (19). A control rod (21) is mobile between a recessed position wherein the contact are interconnected and another wherein they are separated. It acts through a connecting rod assembly to drive the moving elements and the piston in opposite directions.

Description

DISJONCTEUR HAUTE TENSION A DOUBLE MOUVEMENT HIGH VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH DOUBLE MOTION
L'invention concerne un disjoncteur haute tension à double mouvement des contacts comportant un dispositif de soufflage de gaz d'isolement à piston semi- mobile et éventuellement un inséreur de résistance de fermeture. Les disjoncteurs haute tension à double mouvement des contacts sont connus, un exemple en est notamment décrit dans le document FR-A-2737937. Un pouvoir de coupure élevé est susceptible d'être obtenu avec de tels disjoncteurs dans la mesure où le double mouvement qu'ils prévoient se traduit par des déplacements de sens inverse des contacts qu'ils comportent et entraîne une séparation rapide de ces contacts, en cas d'ouverture. Un dispositif de soufflage de gaz d'isolement est prévu pour permettre une extinction rapide de l'arc électrique qui se forme entre les contacts d'arc, lorsqu'ils se séparent, alors que le disjoncteur est sous tension. Le gaz d'isolement utilisé à des fins d'extinction est classiquement comprimé par un piston et l'opération de compression ne peut être instantanée. Il est donc difficile d'obtenir la réalisation d'une compression qui soit optimale avec les disjoncteurs à double mouvement connus, sachant que le mouvement du piston compresseur y est mécaniquement lié aux mouvements, plus rapides, des contacts de disjoncteur, ce qui conduit à des solutions insuffisamment satisfaisantes. Il est par exemple connu de faire précéder l'ouverture des contacts d'un disjoncteur par un déplacement en sens inverse du piston de compression et de l'équipage de contact mobile d'un disjoncteur pour terminer rapidement la compression du gaz d'isolement destiné au soufflage d'arc à l'ouverture. Toutefois, ce déplacement génère des contraintes et des efforts qui pénalisent le bon fonctionnement de la chambre de compression. Ceci a aussi pour conséquence de limiter à des valeurs trop faibles les durées d'insertion de résistance de fermeture, dans le cas d'un disjoncteur à pôles où le double mouvement symétrique est obtenu par un système à crémaillère, lorsqu'un dispositif d'insertion de résistance en série avec les contacts est associé à chaque pôle pour limiter les surtensions qui interviennent à l'enclenchement, lorsque le disjoncteur est placé dans un réseau haute tension de grande longueur.The invention relates to a high voltage circuit breaker with double movement of the contacts comprising a device for blowing semi-mobile piston isolation gas and possibly a closing resistance inserter. High voltage circuit breakers with double movement of the contacts are known, an example is notably described in the document FR-A-2737937. A high breaking capacity is likely to be obtained with such circuit breakers insofar as the double movement which they provide results in displacements of opposite direction of the contacts which they comprise and results in a rapid separation of these contacts, in opening case. An insulating gas blowing device is provided to allow rapid extinction of the electric arc which forms between the arcing contacts, when they separate, while the circuit breaker is energized. The isolation gas used for extinguishing purposes is conventionally compressed by a piston and the compression operation cannot be instantaneous. It is therefore difficult to obtain the achievement of a compression which is optimal with known double movement circuit breakers, knowing that the movement of the compressor piston is mechanically linked to the faster movements of the circuit breaker contacts, which leads to insufficiently satisfactory solutions. It is for example known to precede the opening of the contacts of a circuit breaker by a movement in the opposite direction of the compression piston and of the moving contact assembly of a circuit breaker to quickly complete the compression of the insulation gas intended at arc blowing on opening. However, this displacement generates stresses and efforts which penalize the proper functioning of the compression chamber. This also has the consequence of limiting the insertion times of closing resistance to too low values, in the case of a pole-type circuit breaker where the double symmetrical movement is obtained by a rack and pinion system, when a device for insertion of a resistor in series with the contacts is associated with each pole to limit the overvoltages that occur when switching on, when the circuit breaker is placed in a high-voltage network of great length.
L'invention propose donc un disjoncteur multipolaire à double mouvement permettant d'obtenir des vitesses différenciées de déplacement pour le piston de compression et pour les équipages de contact mobile et semi-mobile pris séparément. Chaque pôle du disjoncteur comporte une enveloppe délimitant une chambre de coupure, destinée à être remplie de gaz diélectrique, dans laquelle est prévue un ensemble fixe incluant deux tubes conducteurs alignés de part εt d'autre d'une zone centrale prévue pour les contacts du pôle et reliés chacun à une borne de raccordement externe différente, lesdits contacts étant répartis en deux équipages de contact, mobiles en translation selon un même axe et complémentaires, s'interconnectant successivement par l'intermédiaire de deux contacts coaxiaux et d'allure annulaire, l'un d'usure et l'autre dit permanent. L'un des deux équipages, dit semi-mobile, possède un élément de contact permanent constitué par la paroi extérieure d'une première pièce conductrice cylindrique, apte à coulisser dans l'élément de contact annulaire permanent de l'autre équipage, dit mobile, et dans un des tubes fixes auquel cette pièce est électriquement reliée, via sa paroi. L'élément annulaire permanent de l'équipage mobile est porté par une autre pièce conductrice, d'allure cylindrique, apte à coulisser dans l'autre tube fixe auquel cette autre pièce est électriquement reliée, de même qu'un élément de contact d'usure constitué par un embout conducteur monté à l'extrémité d'une tige conductrice porteuse axialement fixée à l'intérieur de ladite autre pièce conductrice. La tige est apte à pénétrer axialement dans une buse de soufflage d'arc, qu'elle obture alors et qui délimite un volume d'expansion d'arc autour d'un élément de contact d'usure, complémentaire de l'embout conducteur et axialement porté par la première pièce conductrice de l'équipage semi-mobile, de même que la buse qui se fixe à l'extrémité de cette première pièce en bordure de volume. Ce dernier est apte à être rempli de gaz au travers d'une paroi qui le sépare d'une chambre de compression ménagée dans la première pièce conductrice entre cette paroi et un piston compresseur mis en mouvement avec les deux équipages. Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, le disjoncteur comporte une tige de manoeuvre axialement disposée dans le pôle la comportant et mobile en translation entre une position extrême d'enfoncement pour laquelle les contacts des équipages sont interconnectés et une position extrême d'ouverture pour laquelle ces contacts sont séparés. Cette tige de manoeuvre porte la première pièce propre à l'équipage semi-mobile de contact qu'elle entraîne lors de ses déplacements et elle coopère avec un premier embiellage par l'intermédiaire duquel ladite autre pièce propre à l'équipage mobile est entraînée. L'embiellage est agencé pour assurer successivement sous l'action de la tige de manoeuvre tirée depuis sa position extrême d'enfoncement, un déplacement initial des deux équipages dans le même sens que la tige, suivi par un déplacement de l'équipage mobile en sens inverse par rapport à l'équipage semi-mobile, après un arrêt de l'équipage mobile et jusqu'à arrivée de la tige de manoeuvre en sa position d'ouverture, après séparation des contacts. La tige de manoeuvre coopère avec un second embiellage par l'intermédiaire duquel le piston compresseur est entraîné dans un mouvement de sens inverse, par rapport à la première pièce où il coulisse, jusqu'à séparation des contacts.The invention therefore proposes a double-pole multipole circuit breaker making it possible to obtain differentiated speeds of displacement for the compression piston and for the moving and semi-moving contact crews taken separately. Each pole of the circuit breaker has an envelope delimiting a breaking chamber, intended to be filled with dielectric gas, in which is provided a fixed assembly including two conductive tubes aligned on either side of a central zone provided for the contacts of the pole. and each connected to a terminal of different external connection, said contacts being distributed in two contact equipments, movable in translation along the same axis and complementary, interconnecting successively by means of two coaxial contacts and of annular shape, one of wear and the other says permanent. One of the two crews, called semi-mobile, has a permanent contact element constituted by the outer wall of a first cylindrical conductive part, capable of sliding in the permanent annular contact element of the other crew, said mobile , and in one of the fixed tubes to which this part is electrically connected, via its wall. The permanent annular element of the movable assembly is carried by another conductive part, of cylindrical appearance, capable of sliding in the other fixed tube to which this other part is electrically connected, as well as a contact element of wear consisting of a conductive end piece mounted at the end of a carrier conductive rod axially fixed inside said other conductive part. The rod is able to penetrate axially into an arc blowing nozzle, which it then closes and which delimits an arc expansion volume around a wear contact element, complementary to the conductive end piece and axially carried by the first conductive part of the semi-mobile assembly, as well as the nozzle which is fixed at the end of this first part at the edge of the volume. The latter is able to be filled with gas through a wall which separates it from a compression chamber formed in the first conductive part between this wall and a compressor piston set in motion with the two crews. According to a characteristic of the invention, the circuit breaker comprises an operating rod axially disposed in the pole comprising it and movable in translation between an extreme insertion position for which the contacts of the crews are interconnected and an extreme opening position for which these contacts are separate. This operating rod carries the first part specific to the semi-mobile contact assembly which it drives during its movements and it cooperates with a first connecting rod via which said other part specific to the mobile assembly is driven. The crankshaft is arranged to ensure successively under the action of the operating rod pulled from its extreme driving position, an initial displacement of the two crews in the same direction as the rod, followed by a displacement of the movable crew in opposite direction with respect to the semi-mobile assembly, after a stop of the mobile assembly and until arrival of the operating rod in its open position, after separation of the contacts. The operating rod cooperates with a second connecting rod via which the compressor piston is driven in a reverse direction, relative to the first part where it slides, until the contacts are separated.
Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, le premier embiellage est agencé pour permettre d'obtenir une vitesse égale des deux équipages se déplaçant en sens inverse, lors de la séparation des contacts.According to a characteristic of the invention, the first linkage is arranged to allow obtaining an equal speed of the two crews moving in opposite directions, during the separation of the contacts.
Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, le premier embiellage comporte :According to a characteristic of the invention, the first linkage comprises:
- un premier axe transversalement monté sur la tige de manoeuvre, à proximité de l'extrémité d'actionnement de cette tige,a first axis transversely mounted on the operating rod, near the actuating end of this rod,
- un second axe monté transversalement sur le tube où passe la tige, celle-ci étant dotée d'une lumière longitudinale permettant le passage de cet axe,a second axis mounted transversely on the tube through which the rod passes, the latter being provided with a longitudinal lumen allowing the passage of this axis,
- un système à au moins une bielle et une biellette d'actionnement d'axe, articulées, reliant le premier et le second axe de manière que tout déplacement de la tige entraîne une rotation correspondante du second axe,- a system with at least one connecting rod and an axis actuating rod, articulated, connecting the first and the second axis so that any movement of the rod causes a corresponding rotation of the second axis,
- un système à au moins une biellette et une bielle de commande d'équipage mobile, articulées, reliant le second axe à un axe solidaire de ladite autre pièce conductrice qui porte l'équipage mobile de manière à déplacer celui-ci comme indiqué.- A system with at least one link and a link for control of movable equipment, articulated, connecting the second axis to an axis integral with said other conductive part which carries the mobile equipment so as to move the latter as indicated.
Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, les bielles et biellettes d'actionnement d'axe et de commande d'équipage mobile sont appairées et forment deux sous- ensembles respectivement logés de part et d'autre de la tige de manoeuvre.According to a characteristic of the invention, the connecting rods and rods for actuating the axis and for controlling the moving equipment are paired and form two sub-assemblies respectively housed on either side of the operating rod.
Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, une bielle d'actionnement d'axe est coudée à un niveau où elle vient en appui contre le second axe, en position d'enfoncement extrême de la tige de manoeuvre pour laquelle les contacts sont interconnectés, et une biellette de commande d'équipage mobile forme un angle obtus avec la biellette correspondante d'actionnement d'axe, au niveau du second axe sur lequel elles sont fixées, de telle sorte que les deux axes portés chacun par l'une d'elles, soient situés d'un même côté de la tige de manoeuvre, lorsque cette tige de manoeuvre est en position d'enfoncement extrême et que la biellette d'actionnement d'axe passe au-delà de cette tige, après un déplacement limité de la tige manoeuvre depuis la position extrême d'enfoncement.According to a characteristic of the invention, an axis actuating rod is bent at a level where it abuts against the second axis, in the position of extreme insertion of the operating rod for which the contacts are interconnected, and a movable element control rod forms an obtuse angle with the corresponding axis actuation rod, at the level of the second axis on which they are fixed, so that the two axes each carried by one of them , are located on the same side of the operating rod, when this operating rod is in the extreme driving position and the axis actuation rod passes beyond this rod, after a limited displacement of the operating rod from the extreme insertion position.
Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, le second embiellage comporte • According to a characteristic of the invention, the second linkage comprises •
- un axe de commande transversalement monté sur la tige de manoeuvre,- a control axis transversely mounted on the operating rod,
- un système à au moins une bielle et deux biellettes, dites de compression, articulées sur un même axe, ladite bielle de compression étant aussi articulée centralement sur le piston compresseur et les biellettes de compression étant respectivement articulée l'une sur l'axe de commande et l'autre sur un axe fixe Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, le disjoncteur comporte une paire de bielles et deux paires de biellettes de compression qui forment deux sous- ensembles respectivement logés de part et d'autre du tube contenant la tige de manoeuvre. L'invention, ses caractéristiques et ses avantages sont précisés dans la description qui suit en liaison avec les figures évoquées ci-dessous.a system with at least one connecting rod and two connecting rods, called compression rods, articulated on the same axis, said compression rod being also articulated centrally on the compressor piston and the compression rods being respectively articulated one on the axis of command and the other on a fixed axis According to a characteristic of the invention, the circuit breaker comprises a pair of connecting rods and two pairs of compression rods which form two sub-assemblies respectively housed on either side of the tube containing the operating rod. The invention, its characteristics and its advantages are explained in the description which follows in conjunction with the figures mentioned below.
Les figures 1 et 2 présentent deux coupes longitudinales partielles, réalisées dans des plans perpendiculaires l'un par rapport à l'autre, d'un pôle de disjoncteur selon l'invention, à l'état enclenché. La figure 3 présente une coupe longitudinale correspondant à celle de la figure 2 pour le pôle, lors d'une première des étapes d'ouverture du disjoncteur. Les figures 4, 5, 6 présentent chacune une coupe longitudinale correspondant à celle de la figure 2 pour trois étapes intermédiaires successives d'ouverture du disjoncteur. La figure 7 présente une coupe longitudinale correspondant à celle de la figure 2, du pôle de disjoncteur à l'état déclenché ou ouvert.Figures 1 and 2 show two partial longitudinal sections, made in planes perpendicular to each other, of a circuit breaker pole according to the invention, in the closed state. Figure 3 shows a longitudinal section corresponding to that of Figure 2 for the pole, during a first of the opening stages of the circuit breaker. Figures 4, 5, 6 each show a longitudinal section corresponding to that of Figure 2 for three successive intermediate stages of opening the circuit breaker. Figure 7 shows a longitudinal section corresponding to that of Figure 2, of the circuit breaker pole in the tripped or open state.
Le disjoncteur partiellement représenté sur les figures est un disjoncteur multipôle à haute tension, par exemple 550 kN, dont seul un des pôles est illustré. Ce pôle comporte une enveloppe 1, d'allure cylindrique et partiellement représentée, qui est réalisée en un matériau isolant, par exemple en porcelaine, ou en métal, dans le cas d'un disjoncteur blindé. Cette enveloppe est fermée à ses extrémités, d'une manière classique non représentée. Elle délimite une chambre de coupure 2 prévue pour être remplie de gaz diélectrique sous pression, celle-ci étant couramment de l'ordre de quelques bars. La chambre 2 contient notamment un ensemble fixe incluant deux tubes 3 et 4, en métal bon conducteur, qui sont alignés selon l'axe longitudinal XX' de l'enveloppe de part et d'autre d'une zone centrale de cette enveloppe prévue pour recevoir les contacts du pôle. Ces contacts sont respectivement reliés chacun à une borne de raccordement externe, différente et non représentée, du pôle. Deux équipages de contact, mobiles et complémentaires, sont portés chacun par un des tubes 3, 4 par rapport auxquels ils coulissent selon l'axe XX' de manière à se rapprocher pour s'interconnecter ou à se séparer pour se déconnecter.The circuit breaker partially shown in the figures is a high-voltage multipole circuit breaker, for example 550 kN, of which only one of the poles is illustrated. This pole includes a casing 1, of cylindrical appearance and partially shown, which is made of an insulating material, for example porcelain, or metal, in the case of an armored circuit breaker. This envelope is closed at its ends, in a conventional manner not shown. It delimits a breaking chamber 2 intended to be filled with dielectric gas under pressure, this being commonly of the order of a few bars. Chamber 2 contains in particular a fixed assembly including two tubes 3 and 4, of good conductive metal, which are aligned along the longitudinal axis XX 'of the envelope on either side of a central zone of this envelope provided for receive the pole contacts. These contacts are each connected respectively to an external connection terminal, different and not shown, of the pole. Two contact crews, mobile and complementary, are each carried by one of the tubes 3, 4 with respect to which they slide along the axis XX 'so as to come closer to interconnect or to separate to disconnect.
Chaque équipage de contact comporte une pièce conductrice 5 ou 6, d'allure cylindrique, mobile en translation par rapport au tube 3 ou 4 qui la porte. Chacun des tubes 3, 4 comporte à cet effet une portée de contact 7 ou 8, annulaire, à l'intérieur de laquelle coulisse longitudinalement une portion tubulaire d'une des deux pièces 5, 6, de manière que la continuité électrique soit assurée entre chacune de ces pièces et le tube où elle coulisse. Il est à noter que, dans la réalisation illustrée, le tube 4 est constitué de deux tronçons 4A, 4B montés bout à bout, pour des raisons de commodité.Each contact assembly comprises a conductive part 5 or 6, of cylindrical appearance, movable in translation relative to the tube 3 or 4 which carries it. Each of the tubes 3, 4 has for this purpose an annular contact surface 7 or 8, inside which a tubular portion of one of the two parts 5, 6 slides longitudinally, so that electrical continuity is ensured between each of these parts and the tube where it slides. It should be noted that, in the illustrated embodiment, the tube 4 consists of two sections 4A, 4B mounted end to end, for reasons of convenience.
Comme connu, les deux équipages de contact s'interconnectent successivement par l'intermédiaire d'un contact, dit d'arc ou d'usure, et d'un contact, dit permanent, qui sont l'un et l'autre d'allure annulaire et coaxiaux. Le contact permanent s'établit périphériquement entre l'extérieur du tube cylindrique constituant la pièce conductrice 6, qui saille hors du tube 4, et un élément annulaire de contact permanent 9 que porte intérieurement la pièce conductrice 5, ici à celle de ses extrémités qui saille hors du tube 3. Le contact d'usure s'établit périphériquement entre l'extérieur d'un embout conducteur 10 monté à l'extrémité d'une tige porteuse 11, axialement disposée à l'intérieur du cylindre constituant la pièce conductrice 5, et un élément de contact d'usure 12, complémentaire, que porte intérieurement la pièce conductrice 6, à proximité de son extrémité en saillie hors du tube 4.As is known, the two contact crews interconnect successively by means of a contact, said to be of arcing or wear, and of a contact, said to be permanent, which are both annular and coaxial appearance. The permanent contact is established peripherally between the outside of the cylindrical tube constituting the conductive part 6, which projects out of the tube 4, and an annular permanent contact element 9 which the conductive part 5 carries internally, here at that of its ends which protrudes from the tube 3. The wear contact is established peripherally between the exterior of a conductive end piece 10 mounted at the end of a support rod 11, axially disposed inside the cylinder constituting the conductive part 5 , and a wear contact element 12, complementary, which the conductive part 6 carries internally, near its end projecting from the tube 4.
Dans la réalisation proposée, les éléments de contact d'usure et de contact permanent que porte la pièce 5 sont situés de manière à saillir à un même niveau d'extrémité par rapport à cette pièce, alors que l'élément de contact d'usure, saille au-delà de l'extrémité de la pièce 6, comme on le voit sur les diverses figures. Comme connu, l'embout 10 et l'élément de contact d'usure 12 sont réalisés en un matériau conducteur, tel que du tungstène, choisi en raison de sa résistance à l'érosion par arc électrique.In the proposed embodiment, the wear contact and permanent contact elements that the part 5 carries are located so as to project at the same end level with respect to this part, while the wear contact element , protrudes beyond the end of the part 6, as can be seen in the various figures. As known, the end piece 10 and the wear contact element 12 are made of a conductive material, such as tungsten, chosen because of its resistance to erosion by electric arc.
La tige 1 1, qui porte l'embout 10 à une extrémité, est ici une tige conductrice, cylindrique, électriquement reliée à la pièce 5 à l'intérieur de laquelle elle est axialement fixée. Elle traverse longitudinalement une buse de soufflage d'arc 13 montée à l'extrémité de la pièce conductrice 6 et venant se positionner à l'intérieur du tube que forme la pièce 5, lorsque les deux équipages de contact sont interconnectés. La buse de soufflage d'arc 13 est supposée de type connu et sa fonction n'est pas rappelée ici. Elle délimite un volume d'expansion d'arc 14 dont le bord est intérieurement fixé à l'extrémité, en saillie hors du tube 4, du tube que forme la pièce 6. Ce volume 14 entoure l'élément de contact d'usure 12 qui est monté à l'intérieur du tube formé par la pièce 6, en arrière de la buse de soufflage par rapport à l'extrémité de cette pièce où cette buse est montée. Le volume 14 entoure alors la zone d'extrémité de l'élément 12, au niveau de laquelle les arcs électriques sont susceptibles de se former, tant que le disjoncteur n'a pas été amené en position déclenchée. Il est alors fermé, au niveau de son extrémité formant fond, par la tige 1 1 qui le traverse et il peut communiquer, au niveau de son autre extrémité, avec une chambre de compression de gaz 15 par l'intermédiaire de clapets 16 que porte une paroi de séparation 17, transversalement positionnée dans le tube formé par la pièce 6. Dans la réalisation présentée la paroi de séparation 17, fait partie d'une pièce de révolution venant se fixer en arrière de l'élément 12 dans le tube formé par la pièce 6 et/ou sur une tige creuse 18 qui porte cet élément 12 et qui traverse axialement la pièce 6. La chambre de compression 15 est comprise entre la paroi intérieure du tube formé par la pièce 6 et la paroi extérieure de la tige 18. Elle est latéralement limitée par la paroi de séparation 17 et par un piston compresseur annulaire 19 qui coulisse simultanément à l'intérieur du tube formé par la pièce 6 et sur la tige 18. Ce piston 19 est muni de clapets 20 qui sont prévus pour permettre une circulation de gaz diélectrique pour le remplissage de la chambre de compression 15, en dehors des phases de compression du gaz. La tige creuse 18 est en communication avec le volume 14, au travers de l'ouverture circulaire centrale que délimite l'élément 12, lorsque cette ouverture n'est pas obturée par l'embout 10 ou par la tige 1 1 qui le porte. Ceci permet alors au gaz diélectrique sous pression contenu dans le volume d'expansion de s'échapper par la tige creuse 18 au travers de l'ouverture circulaire centrale délimitée par l'élément 12 et d'au moins une ouverture d'évacuation 40, qui est latéralement ménagée dans la tige creuse, dans une zone recouverte par le piston 19, lorsque celui-ci est en une position dite rétractée, alors que le disjoncteur est enclenché et que les équipages de contact sont interconnectés. Dans l'exemple de réalisation envisagé, la tige creuse 18 est montée dans le prolongement d'une tige de manoeuvre des équipages et du piston 21 en extrémité de laquelle elle est fixée. La tige de manoeuvre 21 est axialement disposée dans le pôle qui la comporte et elle est mobile en translation, selon l'axe longitudinal XX' de ce dernier et entre deux positions extrêmes, sous l'action d'un dispositif de commande d'ouverture/fermeture, non représenté. Ce dispositif agit alternativement par traction ou poussée à une extrémité de la tige de manoeuvre 21 A qui saille hors de l'enveloppe 1, pour commander les mouvements coordonnées des équipages de contact du pôle. Les mouvements de l'équipage de contact, dit semi-mobile, du pôle reproduisent ceux de la tige de manoeuvre 21 qui le porte, cet équipage étant essentiellement formé par l'élément de contact permanent que constitue la paroi tubulaire extérieure de la pièce 6, ainsi que par l'élément de contact d'usure 12, intérieurement fixé à l'extrémité de la tige 18, à l'intérieur de la pièce 6. Les mouvements de l'équipage de contact, dit mobile, du pôle sont obtenus par l'intermédiaire d'un premier embiellage de commande de mouvement. Celui-ci est préférablement constitué de manière symétrique par rapport à la tige de manoeuvre ou plus précisément par rapport à un plan longitudinal médian du pôle d'axe XX'. Un second embiellage assure la commande des mouvements du piston compresseur 19 en relation avec les mouvements des équipages de contact, il est lui aussi préférablement réalisé de manière symétrique par rapport à un plan longitudinal médian du pôle d'axe XX', ce plan de symétrie étant ici supposé le même que pour le premier embiellage.The rod 1 1, which carries the end piece 10 at one end, is here a conductive rod, cylindrical, electrically connected to the part 5 inside which it is axially fixed. It passes longitudinally through an arc blowing nozzle 13 mounted at the end of the conductive part 6 and coming to be positioned inside the tube formed by the part 5, when the two contact fittings are interconnected. The arc blowing nozzle 13 is assumed to be of known type and its function is not repeated here. It defines an arc expansion volume 14 the edge of which is internally fixed at the end, projecting from the tube 4, of the tube that the part forms 6. This volume 14 surrounds the wear contact element 12 which is mounted inside the tube formed by the part 6, behind the blowing nozzle relative to the end of this part where this nozzle is mounted. The volume 14 then surrounds the end zone of the element 12, at the level of which the electric arcs are likely to form, as long as the circuit breaker has not been brought into the tripped position. It is then closed, at its end forming the bottom, by the rod 1 1 which passes through it and it can communicate, at its other end, with a gas compression chamber 15 by means of valves 16 carried by a partition wall 17, transversely positioned in the tube formed by part 6. In the embodiment shown, the partition wall 17 is part of a part of revolution coming to be fixed behind the element 12 in the tube formed by part 6 and / or on a hollow rod. 18 which carries this element 12 and which passes axially through the part 6. The compression chamber 15 is between the inner wall of the tube formed by the part 6 and the outer wall of the rod 18. It is laterally limited by the partition wall 17 and by an annular compressor piston 19 which slides simultaneously inside the tube formed by the part 6 and on the rod 18. This piston 19 is provided with valves 20 which are provided to allow a circulation of gas di Electric for filling the compression chamber 15, apart from the gas compression stages. The hollow rod 18 is in communication with the volume 14, through the central circular opening which delimits the element 12, when this opening is not closed by the end piece 10 or by the rod 1 1 which carries it. This then allows the dielectric gas under pressure contained in the expansion volume to escape by the hollow rod 18 through the central circular opening delimited by the element 12 and at least one discharge opening 40, which is laterally formed in the hollow rod, in an area covered by the piston 19, when the latter is in a so-called retracted position, while the circuit breaker is engaged and the contact crews are interconnected. In the embodiment envisaged, the hollow rod 18 is mounted in the extension of an operating rod for the crews and the piston 21 at the end of which it is fixed. The operating rod 21 is axially disposed in the pole which comprises it and it is movable in translation, along the longitudinal axis XX 'of the latter and between two extreme positions, under the action of an opening control device / closure, not shown. This device acts alternately by pulling or pushing at one end of the operating rod 21 A which projects out of the casing 1, to control the coordinated movements of the contact members of the pole. The movements of the contact equipment, called semi-mobile, of the pole reproduce those of the operating rod 21 which carries it, this equipment being essentially formed by the permanent contact element that constitutes the tubular wall outside of the part 6, as well as by the wear contact element 12, internally fixed to the end of the rod 18, inside the part 6. The movements of the contact assembly, said to be mobile , of the pole are obtained by means of a first linkage of motion control. The latter is preferably formed symmetrically with respect to the operating rod or more precisely with respect to a median longitudinal plane of the pole of axis XX '. A second linkage ensures the control of the movements of the compressor piston 19 in relation to the movements of the contact equipment, it is also preferably produced symmetrically with respect to a median longitudinal plane of the pole of axis XX ′, this plane of symmetry being here assumed the same as for the first linkage.
Pour des raisons de lisibilité des dessins, le premier embiellage n'est que symbolisé sur la figure 2 et le second embiellage n'est représenté que sur les figures 2 à 7 et pas sur la figure 1. Dans l'exemple de réalisation, selon l'invention, présenté sur les différentes figures, le premier embiellage de commande comporte un premier axe 22 transversalement monté sur la tige de manoeuvre 21, à proximité de l'extrémité d'actionnement 21 A de cette tige, et un second axe 23 monté transversalement sur le tube 4. Ce second axe 23 traverse la tige de manoeuvre 21 qui comporte, à cet effet, une lumière longitudinale 21B de longueur appropriée, comme montré sur les figures 2 à 7.For reasons of readability of the drawings, the first linkage is only symbolized in Figure 2 and the second linkage is only shown in Figures 2 to 7 and not in Figure 1. In the embodiment, according the invention, shown in the various figures, the first control linkage comprises a first axis 22 transversely mounted on the operating rod 21, near the actuating end 21 A of this rod, and a second axis 23 mounted transversely on the tube 4. This second axis 23 passes through the operating rod 21 which, for this purpose, has a longitudinal opening 21B of suitable length, as shown in FIGS. 2 to 7.
Les deux axes 22 et 23 sont reliées entre eux par un système de bielles 24 et de biellettes 25, de manière que le déplacement de la tige de manoeuvre 21 selon l'axe XX' entraîne une rotation de l'axe 23 dans un sens ou dans l'autre suivant la direction de déplacement imposée à la tige de manoeuvre.The two axes 22 and 23 are interconnected by a system of connecting rods 24 and connecting rods 25, so that the movement of the operating rod 21 along the axis XX 'causes rotation of the axis 23 in one direction or in the other in the direction of movement imposed on the operating rod.
Dans la réalisation envisagée, deux bielles 24, identiques et ici coudées, dites d'actionnement d'axe, sont montées chacune par une extrémité à une des extrémités du premier axe 22, par rapport auquel elles peuvent tourner. Chacune de ces bielles 24 est articulée au niveau de son autre extrémité, d'une même manière et par l'intermédiaire d'un axe individuel 26, avec une biellette d'actionnement d'axe 25 à une première extrémité de cette dernière. Les deux biellettes 25 sont identiques et elles sont fixées de la même manière sur l'axe 23, de part et d'autre de la tige de manoeuvre qu'elles jouxtent, et chacune au niveau d'une seconde de ses extrémités. L'ensemble formé par les paires de bielles 24, de biellettes 25 et d'axes 26 se scinde en deux sous-ensembles ici logés dans un premier tronçon du tube 4, de part et d'autre de la tige de manoeuvre 21. Les rotations de l'axe 23 s'effectuent dans un sens ou dans l'autre suivant le sens du déplacement imposé à la tige de manoeuvre. Elles sont exploitées poμr déplacer l'équipage de contact, dit mobile, qui est porté par la pièce conductrice 5 et qui est essentiellement composé par l'élément annulaire de contact permanent 9, ainsi que par l'embout conducteur 10 et par la tige 11 du contact d'usure. A cet effet, deux biellettes identiques 27, dites de commande d'équipage mobile, sont fixées de la même manière sur l'axe 23, de part et d'autre du tube 4 qu'elles jouxtent, et chacune par une première extrémité. Deux bielles de commande d'équipage mobile 28, identiques et ici rectilignes, viennent s'articuler, chacune par une première extrémité à une seconde extrémité d'une des biellettes 27, par l'intermédiaire d'un axe individuel d'articulation 29.In the envisaged embodiment, two rods 24, identical and bent here, called axis actuation, are each mounted by one end at one of the ends of the first axis 22, with respect to which they can rotate. Each of these connecting rods 24 is articulated at its other end, in the same way and via an individual axis 26, with an axis actuating rod 25 at a first end of the latter. The two links 25 are identical and they are fixed in the same way on the axis 23, on either side of the operating rod that they adjoin, and each at a second of its ends. The assembly formed by the pairs of connecting rods 24, connecting rods 25 and axes 26 splits into two sub-assemblies here housed in a first section of the tube 4, on either side of the operating rod 21. The rotations of the axis 23 take place in one direction or the other depending on the direction of movement imposed on the operating rod. They are used to move the contact assembly, said to be mobile, which is carried by the conductive part 5 and which is essentially composed by the annular permanent contact element 9, as well as by the conductive end piece 10 and by the rod 11 of the wear contact. To this end, two identical rods 27, known as the moving equipment control, are fixed in the same way on the axis 23, on either side of the tube 4 which they adjoin, and each by a first end. Two identical moving element control rods 28, here rectilinear, are articulated, each by a first end to a second end of one of the rods 27, by means of an individual articulation axis 29.
Les secondes extrémités respectives des bielles 28 sont articulées sur la pièce 5 par l'intermédiaire d'axes 30, ici diamétralement positionnés de part et d'autre de cette pièce. Dans l'exemple présenté, chaque bielle 28 est supposée réalisée en plusieurs parties, elle est essentiellement composée d'une tige de liaison aux extrémités desquelles sont réalisés ou montés les agencements d'articulation de cette tige sur les axes 29 et 30.The respective second ends of the connecting rods 28 are articulated on the part 5 by means of axes 30, here diametrically positioned on either side of this part. In the example presented, each connecting rod 28 is assumed to be made in several parts, it is essentially composed of a connecting rod at the ends of which the articulation arrangements of this rod on the axes 29 and 30 are made or mounted.
Le second embiellage, qui commande les mouvements du piston de compression 19, est positionné à l'intérieur du second tronçon de tube 4, entre le premier tronçon de ce tube et le piston de compression 19 dont il commande les mouvements. Comme illustré sur la figure 2, cet embiellage comporte un axe 31, dit de commande, qui est transversalement monté sur la tige de manoeuvre 21 de manière à pouvoir se déplacer avec cette tige 21 dans le second tronçon de tube 4B et selon l'axe XX', lorsque celle-ci évolue entre ses deux positions extrêmes. Le mouvement pour assurer une compression de gaz entre le piston de compression 19 et la paroi de séparation 17 et le mouvement de retour correspondant sont obtenus par l'action d'une bielle 32 ou préférablement d'une paire de bielles 32, dite(s) de compression. A cet effet, chaque bielle 32 a une première extrémité qui est articulée sur le piston de compression 19 par l'intermédiaire d'un axe central dont seule la position I est illustrée sur la figure 2, cette articulation, de type usuel, n'étant pas représentée pour des raisons de lisibilité de la figure.The second linkage, which controls the movements of the compression piston 19, is positioned inside the second section of tube 4, between the first section of this tube and the compression piston 19 whose movements it controls. As illustrated in FIG. 2, this connecting rod assembly comprises an axis 31, called the control axis, which is transversely mounted on the operating rod 21 so as to be able to move with this rod 21 in the second section of tube 4B and along the axis XX ', when it moves between its two extreme positions. The movement to ensure gas compression between the compression piston 19 and the partition wall 17 and the corresponding return movement are obtained by the action of a connecting rod 32 or preferably a pair of connecting rods 32, called (s ) compression. For this purpose, each connecting rod 32 has a first end which is articulated on the compression piston 19 by means of a central axis whose only position I is illustrated in FIG. 2, this articulation, of usual type, does not not being shown for reasons of readability of the figure.
Un axe individuel 33 placé à la seconde extrémité de chaque bielle 32 sert d'articulation pour une première extrémité de deux biellettes 34 et 35 prévues l'une pour commander les mouvements de cette bielle 32 et l'autre pour les contrôler. A cet effet, chaque biellette 34 est articulée, au niveau de sa seconde extrémité, sur l'axe de commande 31 porté par la tige de manoeuvre 21. De même chaque biellette 35 est articulée, au niveau de sa seconde extrémité, sur un axe fixe 36 porté par une pièce de support 37. Cette pièce 37 est ici montée sur un élément de paroi 38 qui est fixé entre le premier et le second tronçon du tube 4B et qui forme centralement une portée de support en coulissement pour la tige de manoeuvre 21. Les axes 31 et 36 peuvent être alternativement constitués soit sous la forme d'un axe unique chacun, soit de deux demi-axes, alors qu'un axe individuel 33 est prévu pour chacun des sous-ensembles d'une bielle 32 et de deux biellettes 34, 35 du second embiellage. Dans une forme préférée de réalisation, ces deux sous-ensembles sont respectivement logés de part et d'autre du tube 4 contenant la tige de manoeuvre.An individual axis 33 placed at the second end of each connecting rod 32 serves as an articulation for a first end of two connecting rods 34 and 35 provided one for controlling the movements of this connecting rod 32 and the other for controlling them. To this end, each link 34 is articulated, at its second end, on the control pin 31 carried by the operating rod 21. Similarly each link 35 is articulated, at its second end, on a fixed axis 36 carried by a support piece 37. This piece 37 is here mounted on a wall element 38 which is fixed between the first and the second section of the tube 4B and which centrally forms a sliding support surface for the operating rod 21. The axes 31 and 36 can alternately be constituted either in the form of a single axis each, or of two half-axes, while an axis individual 33 is provided for each of the sub-assemblies of a connecting rod 32 and two connecting rods 34, 35 of the second linkage. In a preferred embodiment, these two sub-assemblies are respectively housed on either side of the tube 4 containing the operating rod.
Une ou des ouvertures 39 sont ici prévues dans l'élément de paroi 38 pour le passage du gaz diélectrique destiné à être comprimé dans la chambre 15, avant d'être soufflé à des fins d'extinction d'arc au niveau du contact d'usure. Les figures 2 à 7 ont pour objet d'illustrer les différentes étapes caractéristiques et successives de l'ouverture d'un pôle de disjoncteur selon l'invention.One or more openings 39 are here provided in the wall element 38 for the passage of the dielectric gas intended to be compressed in the chamber 15, before being blown for the purpose of extinguishing an arc at the level of the contact of wear. Figures 2 to 7 are intended to illustrate the different characteristic and successive stages of the opening of a circuit breaker pole according to the invention.
Lorsque les équipages de contact semi-mobile et mobile du pôle de disjoncteur sont interconnectés, les pièces 5 et 6 sont rapprochées l'une de l'autre par l'action de la tige de manoeuvre 21 en position extrême d'enfoncement dans le tube 4. Cet enfoncement maximum conduit à ce que la pièce 6 et les éléments de contact permanent et de contact d'usure, qu'elle comporte, soient en une position d'enfoncement extrême. Ces éléments sont alors électriquement reliés aux éléments de contact permanent et de contact d'usure portés par la pièce 5, ceux-ci étant eux-mêmes dans leur position d'enfoncement extrême, comme montré sur la figure 2. A cet effet, chaque axe d'articulation 26, entre bielle 24 et biellette 25 d'actionnement d'axe, est en une position d'enfoncement extrême à l'intérieur du tube 4 pour laquelle il est proche de la tige de manoeuvre ce rapprochement étant limité ici par l'appui de la bielle 24 contre l'axe 23. Dans l'exemple de réalisation proposé, les bielles 24 d'actionnement d'axe sont donc identiquement coudées au niveau où elles viennent en appui contre l'axe 23, dans cette position d'enfoncement extrême de la tige de manoeuvre 21, pour permettre d'obtenir le débattement d'amplitude maximale souhaité, avec des longueurs minimales des bielles 24 et biellettes 25. Chacune des biellettes 27 de commande d'équipage mobile forme un angle obtus, par exemple de l'ordre de 130°, avec la biellette 25 correspondante au niveau de l'axe 23 sur lequel elles sont fixées. Les axes 26 et 29 respectivement portés par ces biellettes sont alors situés d'un même côté de la tige 21, soit sous cette tige sur la figure 2.When the semi-mobile and mobile contact equipments of the circuit breaker pole are interconnected, parts 5 and 6 are brought closer to each other by the action of the operating rod 21 in the extreme position of insertion into the tube 4. This maximum insertion leads to the part 6 and the permanent contact and wear contact elements, which it comprises, being in an extreme insertion position. These elements are then electrically connected to the permanent contact and wear contact elements carried by the part 5, these themselves being in their extreme insertion position, as shown in FIG. 2. For this purpose, each articulation pin 26, between connecting rod 24 and rod actuating pin 25, is in an extreme driving position inside the tube 4 for which it is close to the operating rod, this approximation being limited here by the support of the rod 24 against the axis 23. In the proposed embodiment, the rods 24 for actuating the axis are therefore identically bent at the level where they bear against the axis 23, in this position extreme depression of the operating rod 21, in order to obtain the desired maximum amplitude travel, with minimum lengths of the rods 24 and rods 25. Each of the rods 27 for moving equipment control forms an obtuse angle, for example from o rdre by 130 °, with the corresponding rod 25 at the level of the axis 23 on which they are fixed. Axes 26 and 29 respectively carried by these rods are then located on the same side of the rod 21, ie under this rod in FIG. 2.
Le piston de compression 19 est alors éloigné au maximum de la paroi δe séparation 17, dont il va ensuite se rapprocher pour assurer une compression du gaz contenu entre eux.The compression piston 19 is then moved as far as possible from the wall δe separation 17, which it will then approach to ensure compression of the gas contained therebetween.
L'axe de commande 31 est alors dans sa position d'enfoncement maximal à l'intérieur du second tronçon du tube 4, du fait de l'enfoncement maximal de la tige de manoeuvre 21. Ceci conduit à ce que l'axe 33 soit en une position extrême d'éloignement de cette tige de manoeuvre 21, pour que la distance entre le piston de compression et l'axe 31 soit minimale.The control axis 31 is then in its position of maximum insertion inside the second section of the tube 4, due to the maximum insertion of the operating rod 21. This leads to the axis 33 being in an extreme position away from this operating rod 21, so that the distance between the compression piston and the axis 31 is minimum.
Le déplacement de la tige de manoeuvre 21 par traction vers l'extérieur du tube 4 entraîne initialement un déplacement simultané des deux équipages de contact dans la même direction, comme illustré sur la figure 3. La traction exercée sur la tige 21 entraîne un déplacement de même sens de cette tige et de l'équipage semi- mobile dont la pièce 6 s'enfonce dans le tube 4. Ce déplacement de tige de manoeuvre 21 conduit à une traction des bielles d'actionnement 24 sur les axes d'articulation 26 et à une rotation de l'axe 23. Cette rotation entraîne le déplacement des axes 29 portés par les biellettes 27, vers l'axe XX' de la tige de manoeuvre 21, et une traction des bielles 28 sur la pièce 5 dans le sens du déplacement de la tige 21. L'équipage mobile dont fait partie cette pièce 5 tend donc à suivre l'équipage semi-mobile, jusqu'au moment où les axes 29 sont dans un même plan que l'axe XX', comme illustré sur la figure 3. La traction exercée sur la tige de manoeuvre 21 tend aussi à rapprocher chaque axe individuel 33 de l'axe XX' de cette tige avec une composante selon cet axe qui conduit au déplacement du piston 19 vers la paroi de séparation 17. Une compression du gaz contenu entre ce piston et cette paroi est obtenue, jusqu'au moment où la pression atteinte est suffisante pour ouvrir les clapets 16 qui permettent le passage du gaz sous pression dans le volume d'expansion 14, comme notamment illustré sur la figure 4. La continuation de la traction sur la tige de manoeuvre se traduit ensuite par un déplacement en sens inverse de l'équipage mobile par rapport à l'équipage semi- mobile directement entraîné par la tige de manoeuvre 21 qui le porte, comme illustré sur la figure 5, dès que le déplacement simultané des axes 26 les conduit de l'autre côté du plan passant par l'axe XX' précédemment considéré, par rapport aux axes 26. L'importance de la composante de déplacement des axes 29 selon l'axe XX'. dans ces conditions, se traduit par un accroissement de la vitesse d'écartement entre équipage mobile et semi-mobile qui est liée au déplacement de l'équipage mobile.The displacement of the operating rod 21 by traction towards the outside of the tube 4 initially causes a simultaneous displacement of the two contact assemblies in the same direction, as illustrated in FIG. 3. The traction exerted on the rod 21 causes a displacement of same direction of this rod and of the semi-mobile assembly, the part 6 of which sinks into the tube 4. This movement of the operating rod 21 leads to traction of the actuating rods 24 on the articulation axes 26 and to a rotation of the axis 23. This rotation causes the displacement of the axes 29 carried by the connecting rods 27, towards the axis XX 'of the operating rod 21, and a traction of the connecting rods 28 on the part 5 in the direction of displacement of the rod 21. The mobile assembly of which this part 5 is part therefore tends to follow the semi-mobile assembly, until the axes 29 are in the same plane as the axis XX ′, as illustrated on figure 3. The traction exerted on the rod of my noeuvre 21 also tends to bring each individual axis 33 closer to the axis XX 'of this rod with a component along this axis which leads to the displacement of the piston 19 towards the separation wall 17. A compression of the gas contained between this piston and this wall is obtained, until the pressure reached is sufficient to open the valves 16 which allow the passage of gas under pressure in the expansion volume 14, as in particular illustrated in FIG. 4. The continuation of the traction on the rod of maneuver then results in a movement in the opposite direction of the mobile assembly relative to the semi-mobile assembly directly driven by the operating rod 21 which carries it, as illustrated in FIG. 5, as soon as the simultaneous displacement of the axes 26 leads them to the other side of the plane passing through the axis XX 'previously considered, with respect to the axes 26. The importance of the component of displacement of the axes 29 along the axis XX'. under these conditions, results in an increase in speed spacing between mobile and semi-mobile equipment which is linked to the movement of the mobile equipment.
L'élément annulaire de contact permanent 9 comporté par la pièce 5 glisse sur l'élément de contact permanent que forme extérieurement la paroi du tube constitué par la pièce 6, en raison des déplacements des pièces 5 et 6 en sens inverse. Le contact permanent du pôle s'ouvre, lorsque l'élément annulaire de contact permanent 9 que porte la pièce 5 quitte la surface externe de la pièce 6, la continuité électrique n'étant alors assurée que par l'intermédiaire du contact d'usure. La continuation de la traction exercée sur la tige 21 pour l'extraire du tube 4 conduit le piston 19 à s'approcher de la paroi de séparation 17 de manière à pratiquement vider la chambre de compression 15, alors que l'axe d'articulation 33, commun à une bielle 32 et à une biellette 34 passe de l'autre côté de l'axe de commande 31, associé, par rapport à l'axe 36 associé, après que cette bielle et cette biellette soient passées par une position d'alignement.The annular permanent contact element 9 comprised by the part 5 slides on the permanent contact element that externally forms the wall of the tube constituted by the part 6, due to the displacements of the parts 5 and 6 in opposite directions. The permanent contact of the pole opens, when the annular permanent contact element 9 that the part 5 carries leaves the external surface of the part 6, the electrical continuity then being ensured only by means of the wear contact. . The continuation of the traction exerted on the rod 21 to extract it from the tube 4 leads the piston 19 to approach the partition wall 17 so as to practically empty the compression chamber 15, while the axis of articulation 33, common to a connecting rod 32 and to a connecting rod 34 passes on the other side of the associated control axis 31, relative to the associated axis 36, after this connecting rod and this connecting rod have passed through a position d 'alignment.
L'ouverture du contact d'usure est obtenue lorsque la traction exercée sur la tige de manoeuvre 21 conduit chacune des biellettes d'actionnement d'axe 25 à se rapprocher de la tige 21, après avoir traversé le plan passant par l'axe 23 qui est perpendiculaire à l'axe XX'. Cette ouverture est occasionnée par les déplacements en sens inverse de la tige de manoeuvre 21 et de la pièce 5, sous la poussée des bielles de commande d'équipage mobile 28 pour cette dernière. Elle se traduit par une rupture de la liaison électrique au niveau de l'embout 1 1, lorsque celui-ci cesse d'être en contact avec l'élément de contact d'usure 12. Le gaz diélectrique compressé que contient le volume d'expansion 14 s'évacue alors au travers de cet élément de contact et de la tige creuse 18 qui le prolonge, en raison de la différence de pression existant entre le volume d'expansion et l'intérieur du tube 4 avec lequel la tige creuse communique. Cette évacuation entraîne un soufflage qui destiné à interrompre la continuité électrique entre l'embout 1 1 et l'élément de contact d'usure 12, lorsque celle-ci est temporairement maintenue par un arc électrique.The wear contact is opened when the traction exerted on the operating rod 21 leads each of the axis actuation rods 25 to approach the rod 21, after having crossed the plane passing through the axis 23 which is perpendicular to the XX 'axis. This opening is caused by the movements in the opposite direction of the operating rod 21 and of the part 5, under the thrust of the movable member control rods 28 for the latter. It results in a break in the electrical connection at the end piece 1 1, when the latter ceases to be in contact with the wear contact element 12. The compressed dielectric gas contained in the volume of expansion 14 is then evacuated through this contact element and the hollow rod 18 which extends it, due to the pressure difference existing between the expansion volume and the interior of the tube 4 with which the hollow rod communicates . This evacuation causes a blowing which intended to interrupt the electrical continuity between the nozzle 1 1 and the wear contact element 12, when the latter is temporarily maintained by an electric arc.
L'ouverture du contact d'usure est susceptible d'être réalisée relativement lentement, pour éviter un recouvrement important des doigts d'arc sur l'embout 10, et donc dans le cas où une résistance de fermeture est prévue et où il est intéressant d'en favoriser l'insertion. Dans une forme de réalisation de l'invention, il est obtenu que les vitesses d'éloignement des deux équipages soient pratiquement égales au moment de O 00/52721The wear contact can be opened relatively slowly, to avoid significant overlap of the arcing fingers on the end piece 10, and therefore in the case where closing resistance is provided and where it is advantageous to promote their integration. In one embodiment of the invention, it is obtained that the separation speeds of the two crews are practically equal at the time of O 00/52721
1212
l'ouverture du contact d'usure, alors que l'opération de compression du gaz est terminée.the opening of the wear contact, while the gas compression operation is complete.
L'éloignement se poursuit avec la continuation de la traction exercée sur la tige de manoeuvre, comme illustré sur la figure 6 où l'embout 11 est suffisamment sorti de la buse de soufflage d'arc 13 pour que le fond du volume d'expansion d'arc 14 soit ouvert.The distance continues with the continuation of the traction exerted on the operating rod, as illustrated in FIG. 6 where the end piece 11 is sufficiently removed from the arc blowing nozzle 13 so that the bottom of the expansion volume arc 14 is open.
Un état d'ouverture schématisé sur la figure 7 est obtenu, lorsque la tige de manoeuvre 21 a été tirée dans une position extrême, dite d'ouverture, par rapport au tube 4 pour laquelle la traction exercée par l'intermédiaire des bielles d'actionnement 24 devient inopérante.An open state shown schematically in Figure 7 is obtained when the operating rod 21 has been pulled into an extreme position, called opening, relative to the tube 4 for which the traction exerted via the connecting rods actuation 24 becomes inoperative.
Le retour du pôle du disjoncteur à l'état enclenché est alors réalisé par un déplacement en sens inverse de la tige de commande qui entraîne le déplacement des deux équipages et du piston de compression jusqu'à la position, illustrée sur la figure 1, qu'ils occupaient initialement. The return of the circuit breaker pole to the engaged state is then achieved by a movement in the opposite direction of the control rod which causes the displacement of the two crews and of the compression piston to the position, illustrated in FIG. 1, that 'they originally occupied.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1/ Disjoncteur haute tension à double mouvement des contacts, où chaque pô-le comporte une enveloppe (1) délimitant une chambre de coupure (2), destinée à être remplie de gaz diélectrique, dans laquelle est prévue un ensemble fixe incluant deux tubes conducteurs (3, 4) alignés de part et d'autre d'une zone centrale prévue pour les contacts du pôle et reliés chacun à une borne de raccordement externe différente, lesdits contacts étant répartis en deux équipages de contact, mobiles en translation selon un même axe XX' et complémentaires, s'interconnectant successivement par l'intermédiaire de deux contacts coaxiaux et d'allure annulaire, l'un d'usure et l'autre dit permanent, l'un des deux équipages, dit semi-mobile, ayant un élément de contact permanent constitué par la paroi extérieure d'une première pièce conductrice cylindrique (6), apte à coulisser dans l'élément de contact annulaire permanent (9) de l'autre équipage, dit mobile, et dans un des tubes fixes (4) auquel cette pièce est électriquement reliée, via sa paroi, ledit élément annulaire permanent de l'équipage mobile étant porté par une autre pièce conductrice (5), d'allure cylindrique, apte à coulisser dans l'autre tube fixe (3) auquel cette autre pièce est électriquement reliée, de même qu'un élément de contact d'usure constitué par un embout conducteur (10) monté à l'extrémité d'une tige conductrice porteuse (11) axialement fixée à l'intérieur de ladite autre pièce conductrice, ladite tige étant apte à pénétrer axialement dans une buse de soufflage d'arc (13), qu'elle obture alors et qui délimite un volume d'expansion d'arc (14) autour d'un élément de contact d'usure (12), complémentaire de l'embout conducteur et axialement porté par la première pièce conductrice de l'équipage semi-mobile, de même que la dite buse qui se fixe à l'extrémité de cette première pièce en bordure de volume, ce dernier étant apte à être rempli de gaz au travers d'une paroi (17) qui le sépare d'une chambre de compression (15) ménagée dans la première pièce conductrice entre cette paroi et un piston compresseur (19) mis en mouvement avec les deux équipages, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une tige de manoeuvre (21) axialement disposée dans le pôle la comportant et mobile en translation entre une position extrême d'enfoncement pour laquelle les contacts des équipages sont interconnectés et une position extrême d'ouverture pour laquelle ces contacts sont séparés, cette tige de manoeuvre portant la première pièce (6) propre à l'équipage semi-mobile de contact qu'elle entraîne lors de ses déplacements et coopérant avec un premier embiellage (22 à 30) par l'intermédiaire duquel ladite autre pièce (5) propre à l'équipage mobile est entraînée, ledit embiellage étant agencé pour assurer successivement sous l'action de la tige de manoeuvre tirée depuis sa position extrême d'enfoncement, un déplacement initial des deux équipages dans le même sens que la tige, suivi par un déplacement de l'équipage mobile en sens inverse par rapport à l'équipage semi- mobile, après un arrêt dudit équipage mobile et jusqu'à arrivée de la tige de manoeuvre en sa position d'ouverture, après séparation des contacts, et en ce que ladite tige de manoeuvre coopère avec un second embiellage (31 à 36) par l'intermédiaire duquel le piston compresseur est entraîné dans un mouvement de sens inverse, par rapport à ladite première pièce (6) où il coulisse, jusqu'à séparation des contacts.1 / High voltage circuit breaker with double movement of the contacts, where each pole comprises a casing (1) delimiting a breaking chamber (2), intended to be filled with dielectric gas, in which a fixed assembly is provided including two conductive tubes (3, 4) aligned on either side of a central zone provided for the pole contacts and each connected to a different external connection terminal, said contacts being distributed in two contact equipments, movable in translation according to the same axis XX 'and complementary, interconnecting successively by means of two coaxial contacts and of annular shape, one of wear and the other said to be permanent, one of the two crews, said to be semi-mobile, having a permanent contact element constituted by the outer wall of a first cylindrical conductive part (6), capable of sliding in the permanent annular contact element (9) of the other so-called mobile assembly, and in one of the tubes fixed (4) to which this part is electrically connected, via its wall, said permanent annular element of the moving element being carried by another conductive part (5), of cylindrical appearance, capable of sliding in the other fixed tube ( 3) to which this other part is electrically connected, as well as a wear contact element constituted by a conductive end piece (10) mounted at the end of a carrying conductive rod (11) axially fixed inside said other conductive part, said rod being able to penetrate axially into an arc blowing nozzle (13), which it then closes and which delimits an arc expansion volume (14) around a contact element wear (12), complementary to the conductive end-piece and axially carried by the first conductive part of the semi-mobile assembly, as is the said nozzle which is fixed at the end of this first part at the edge of the volume , the latter being able to be filled with gas through a wall (17) which separates it from a compression chamber (15) formed in the first conductive part between this wall and a compressor piston (19) set in motion with the two crews, characterized in that it comprises an operating rod (21) axially disposed in the pole comprising it and movable in translation between an extreme insertion position for which the contacts of the crews are interconnected and an extreme opening position for which these contacts are separated, this operating rod carrying the first part (6) specific to the semi-mobile contact assembly which it drives during its movements and cooperating with a first linkage (22 to 30) by means of which said other part (5) specific to the moving part is driven, said connecting rod being arranged to ensure successively under the action of the operating rod pulled from its extreme driving position, a initial movement of the two crews in the same direction as the rod, followed by movement of the moving element in the opposite direction relative to the semi-moving element, after stopping of said moving element and until arrival of the rod maneuver in its open position, after separation of the contacts, and in that said operating rod cooperates with a second linkage (31 to 36) by means of which the compressor piston is driven in a movement in the opposite direction, relative to said first part (6) where it slides, until the contacts are separated.
2/ Disjoncteur, selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le premier embiellage est agencé pour permettre d'obtenir une vitesse égale des deux équipages se déplaçant en sens inverse, lors de la séparation des contacts. 3/ Disjoncteur, selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, dans lequel le premier embiellage comporte :2 / A circuit breaker according to claim 1, wherein the first linkage is arranged to allow to obtain an equal speed of the two crews moving in opposite directions, during the separation of the contacts. 3 / Circuit breaker, according to one of claims 1 and 2, in which the first linkage comprises:
- un premier axe (22) transversalement monté sur la tige de manoeuvre (21), à proximité de l'extrémité d'actionnement (21 A) de cette tige,a first axis (22) transversely mounted on the operating rod (21), near the actuating end (21 A) of this rod,
- un second axe (23) monté transversalement sur le tube (4) où passe la tige, celle-ci étant dotée d'une lumière longitudinale (21B) permettant le passage de cet axe,a second axis (23) mounted transversely on the tube (4) through which the rod passes, the latter being provided with a longitudinal lumen (21B) allowing the passage of this axis,
- un système à au moins une bielle (24) et une biellette (25) d'actionnement d'axe, articulées, reliant le premier et le second axe de manière que tout déplacement de la tige entraîne une rotation correspondante du second axe,- a system with at least one connecting rod (24) and a rod (25) for actuating an axis, articulated, connecting the first and the second axis so that any movement of the rod causes a corresponding rotation of the second axis,
- un système à au moins une biellette (27) et une bielle (28) de commande d'équipage mobile, articulées, reliant le second axe à un axe solidaire de ladite autre pièce conductrice (5) qui porte l'équipage mobile de manière à déplacer celui-ci comme indiqué.- a system with at least one link (27) and a link (28) for controlling the mobile equipment, articulated, connecting the second axis to an axis integral with said other conductive part (5) which carries the mobile equipment so to move it as shown.
4/ Disjoncteur, selon la revendication 3, dans lequel les bielles et biellettes d'actionnement d'axe et de commande d'équipage mobile sont appairées et forment deux sous-ensembles respectivement logés de part et d'autre de la tige de manoeuvre. 5/ Disjoncteur, selon l'une des revendications 3 et 4, dans lequel une bielle d'actionnement d'axe (24) est coudée à un niveau où elle vient en appui contre le second axe (23), en position d'enfoncement extrême de la tige de manoeuvre pour laquelle les contacts sont interconnectés, et où une biellette (27) de commande d'équipage mobile forme un angle obtus avec la biellette (25) correspondante d'actionnement d'axe, au niveau du second axe sur lequel elles sont fixées, de telle sorte que les deux axes (26 ou 29) portés chacun par l'une d'elles, soient situés d'un même côté de la tige de manoeuvre (21), lorsque cette tige de manoeuvre est en position d'enfoncement extrême et que la biellette d'actionnement d'axe passe au-delà de cette tige, après un déplacement limité de la tige manoeuvre depuis a position extrême d'enfoncement.4 / A circuit breaker according to claim 3, in which the connecting rods and rods for actuating the axis and for controlling the moving element are paired and form two sub-assemblies respectively housed on either side of the operating rod. 5 / Circuit breaker, according to one of claims 3 and 4, wherein an axis actuating rod (24) is bent at a level where it abuts against the second axis (23), in the driving position end of the operating rod for which the contacts are interconnected, and where a rod (27) for moving element control forms an obtuse angle with the corresponding rod (25) for actuating the axis, at the level of the second axis on which they are fixed, so that the two axes (26 or 29) each carried by one of them, are located on the same side of the operating rod (21), when this operating rod is in the extreme insertion position and that the axis actuation rod passes beyond this rod, after a limited displacement of the operating rod from an extreme insertion position.
6/ Disjoncteur, selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, dans lequel le second embiellage comporte :6 / Circuit breaker, according to one of claims 1 and 2, wherein the second linkage comprises:
- un axe de commande (31) transversalement monté sur la tige de manoeuvre (21),- a control pin (31) transversely mounted on the operating rod (21),
- un système à au moins une bielle (32) et deux biellettes (34 et 35), dites de compression, articulées sur un même axe (33), ladite bielle de compression étant aussi articulée centralement sur le piston compresseur (19) et les biellettes de compression étant respectivement articulée l'une sur l'axe de commande et l'autre sur un axe fixe (36).- A system with at least one connecting rod (32) and two connecting rods (34 and 35), called compression, articulated on the same axis (33), said compression connecting rod also being articulated centrally on the compressor piston (19) and the compression rods being respectively articulated one on the control axis and the other on a fixed axis (36).
7/ Disjoncteur, selon la revendication 6, comportant une paire de bielles et deux paires de biellettes de compression qui forment deux sous-ensembles respectivement logés de part et d'autre du tube (4) contenant la tige de manoeuvre. 7 / A circuit breaker according to claim 6, comprising a pair of connecting rods and two pairs of compression rods which form two sub-assemblies respectively housed on either side of the tube (4) containing the operating rod.
EP00909392A 1999-03-01 2000-02-29 Double movement high voltage circuit breaker Withdrawn EP1075700A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9902491A FR2790592B1 (en) 1999-03-01 1999-03-01 HIGH VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH DOUBLE MOTION
FR9902491 1999-03-01
PCT/FR2000/000497 WO2000052721A1 (en) 1999-03-01 2000-02-29 Double movement high voltage circuit breaker

Publications (1)

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EP1075700A1 true EP1075700A1 (en) 2001-02-14

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EP00909392A Withdrawn EP1075700A1 (en) 1999-03-01 2000-02-29 Double movement high voltage circuit breaker

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US (1) US6342685B1 (en)
EP (1) EP1075700A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2002538593A (en)
KR (1) KR20010043174A (en)
CN (1) CN1180449C (en)
FR (1) FR2790592B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2000052721A1 (en)

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JP2002538593A (en) 2002-11-12
KR20010043174A (en) 2001-05-25
CN1180449C (en) 2004-12-15
FR2790592A1 (en) 2000-09-08
CN1297571A (en) 2001-05-30
WO2000052721A1 (en) 2000-09-08
US6342685B1 (en) 2002-01-29
FR2790592B1 (en) 2001-04-06

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