EP1067569B1 - Fast mechanical switching device - Google Patents

Fast mechanical switching device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1067569B1
EP1067569B1 EP99810596A EP99810596A EP1067569B1 EP 1067569 B1 EP1067569 B1 EP 1067569B1 EP 99810596 A EP99810596 A EP 99810596A EP 99810596 A EP99810596 A EP 99810596A EP 1067569 B1 EP1067569 B1 EP 1067569B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switching point
point according
coils
annular space
contact ring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99810596A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1067569A1 (en
Inventor
Klaus Prof. Dr. Fröhlich
Walter Holaus
Kurt Dr. Kaltenegger
Michael Steurer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Schweiz AG
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ABB Schweiz AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Schweiz AG filed Critical ABB Schweiz AG
Priority to EP99810596A priority Critical patent/EP1067569B1/en
Priority to DE59913821T priority patent/DE59913821D1/en
Priority to JP2000202526A priority patent/JP2001057142A/en
Priority to US09/610,619 priority patent/US6501635B1/en
Priority to CNB00119996XA priority patent/CN1169172C/en
Publication of EP1067569A1 publication Critical patent/EP1067569A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1067569B1 publication Critical patent/EP1067569B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
    • H01H3/222—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using electrodynamic repulsion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/36—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by sliding
    • H01H1/365—Bridging contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
    • H01H3/222—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using electrodynamic repulsion
    • H01H2003/225—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using electrodynamic repulsion with coil contact, i.e. the movable contact itself forms a secondary coil in which the repulsing current is induced by an operating current in a stationary coil

Definitions

  • a switch of the above type is described in EP 0 147 036.
  • a bridge switch piece fixed to an electrically conductive disk short-circuits two stationary contact pieces in the closed state of the switch point.
  • On each side of the disc a flat coil is ever mounted such that the disc between the two coils can be moved by means of electrodynamic forces, whereby the bridge switching piece eliminates the short circuit between the fixed contact pieces, or restores.
  • a current is injected into the first coil, which causes in the disc opposite to the current in the coil eddy current.
  • the two currents have a repulsive effect on each other, which removes the movable disc from the stationary coil and the bridge switching piece eliminates the short circuit between the fixed contact pieces.
  • a current is fed into the second coil.
  • the invention takes a prior art switching points of high or medium voltage switch reference, as disclosed for example in DE 1 091 658.
  • the switching point described has an axial and between two coils movable bridge switching piece on which consists of a ring with two approaches.
  • the bridge switching piece is in the closed state of the contact arrangement on the tapered ends of two power connectors.
  • a repulsive electrodynamic force is caused by one of the two coils, which pushes the bridge switching piece from the support region of the power connectors along an axial guide rod and against the force of a compression spring upwards.
  • a spring When opening the contact arrangement, therefore, in addition to the bridge contact piece, a spring must be tensioned and thus an additional mechanical part moved.
  • the invention as indicated in the claims, has the object of specifying a switching point of the type mentioned, which can be opened and closed quickly and with low energy consumption.
  • the inventive switching point is formed axially symmetrical. This makes it possible to avoid unwanted leakage inductances largely what is advantageous especially in a possible commutation of the current to a parallel path.
  • the necessary for the formation of the forces of an electrodynamic contact drive induction current is generated in nominal current, movable bridge switching piece, whereby an otherwise usually provided disc-shaped part for guiding the induction current and thus additional mass to be accelerated can be saved. As a result, the necessary for achieving a certain opening or closing speed of the switching point drive energy is minimized.
  • Fig. 1 shows a contact arrangement of the inventive switching point in the closed state.
  • a rated current IN flows from a first terminal 11 through a stationary contact piece 1, a movable bridge contact piece designed as a contact ring 3 and a stationary contact piece 2 to a second terminal 21.
  • the stationary contact piece 1 is formed as a disk and surrounded by the stationary contact piece 2, which is formed substantially cylindrical.
  • the two coaxially intertwined, fixed contact pieces 1 and 2 and the contact ring 3 fitted therebetween together form the contact arrangement.
  • the contact arrangement is supported by an electrically insulating contact carrier 7. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the circular ring 3 can be moved in the axial direction.
  • the contact arrangement can be opened and the nominal current IN interrupted.
  • the switch contains an electrodynamic drive, with two annular, flat coils 5 and 6.
  • the two coils 5 and 6 define in the axial direction an annular space 8, in which the annulus 3 reciprocates.
  • an insulating body 4 which also carries the coil 6.
  • the exact geometric design of the contact arrangement is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the two fixed contact pieces 1 and 2 form a gap 81.
  • This gap is so wide that in the closed state of the switching point of the contact ring 3 fits exactly and good on both sides, electrical contact with the fixed Contact pieces 1 and 2 has.
  • the switching pieces 1 and 2 are provided against the gap 81 out with contact fingers K.
  • the contact fingers K are separated by slots L and have a small spring action in the radial direction. As a result, the mechanical hold of the contact ring 3 in the gap 81 and the electrical contact is improved.
  • the first coil 5 is mounted, which is required for opening the contact arrangement.
  • open state of the switching point is the contact ring 3 at the other end of the annular space 8, in a holding device 10, whose task is to hold the contact ring 3.
  • the second coil 6 is mounted, which is required for the closure of the contact arrangement.
  • the insulating body 4 is flameproof and is gas-tight fixed to the fixed contact pieces 1 and 2.
  • the annular space 8 has between the gap 81 and the holding device 10 a widened in the radial direction region 82.
  • the annular space 8 is filled with a gaseous medium, for example air or SF 6 under atmospheric or higher pressure.
  • Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 show a first embodiment of the control unit 9 of the inventive switching point.
  • a first capacitor C s and two thyristors T S1 and T S2 with antiparallel-connected freewheeling diodes D S2 and D S1 are connected to the coil 6 to a first circuit.
  • a second capacitor C o and two further thyristors T O1 and T O2 are connected with antiparafilled freewheeling diodes D O2 and D O1 with the coil 5 to a second resonant circuit.
  • the operation of the drive of the switching point will be explained with reference to a closing operation, as shown in Fig. 3.
  • the contact ring 3 is located in the holding device 10, the capacitor C s is positively charged and the two thyristors T S1 and T S2 are disabled.
  • the capacitor C s By igniting the respect to the charging voltage of the capacitor C S positively poled thyristor T S1 , the capacitor C s via T S1 , the coil 6 and the freewheeling diode D S1 discharged. This results in a sinusoidal current pulse I s in the drive coil 6, which causes an eddy current I W in the directly underlying contact ring 3.
  • the drive current Is and the eddy current I W have opposite directions, resulting in a repulsive effect Fs between contact ring 3 and coil 6 results.
  • the coil 6 is firmly connected to the insulating body 4.
  • the contact ring 3 is accelerated down and only upon entering the gap 81 by an enclosed air gap in the gap 81 and by Frictional action damped.
  • the capacitor C S forms a series resonant circuit with the coil 6.
  • a single ignition of the thyristor T S1 thus has a Umschwingvorgang the capacitor C S result.
  • the capacitor C s is now negatively charged with a slightly smaller than the original voltage, since the ohmic resistances in a circle result in electrical losses.
  • the thyristor T S2 is ignited, whereby the capacitor C S via T S2 , the coil 6 and the freewheeling diode D S2 recharges a second time. Due to the greater distance of the contact ring 3 to the coil 6 now results in a lesser force pulse F S on the contact ring. However, this is sufficient to prevent the rebound of the ring from the fully closed position.
  • the successive ignition of the thyristors T S1 and T S2 has the significant advantage that the fixed contact pieces 1 and 2 need not be dimensioned according to the braking force on the contact ring 3 during the closing process.
  • the contact ring 3 only needs to have sufficient kinetic energy to reach against the friction of the fixed contact pieces 1 and 2, the fully closed position. A rebound from there is not possible because of the subsequent second power surge.
  • the second triggering has the advantage that the capacitor C S thereby again oscillates and is therefore positively charged again.
  • a charging device which can only generate positive charging voltages, can now be reconnected directly to recharge the capacitor C s . Because of the already existing residual charging voltage, this recharging process will also be significantly faster than a recharging process. For applications where repetitive triggering is required, the loader can be made smaller.
  • An opening operation essentially corresponds to the closing process.
  • the contact ring 3 is located in the gap 81, the capacitor C o is positively charged and the two thyristors T O1 and T O2 are blocked.
  • the capacitor C O positively poled thyristor T O1 (or T O2 )
  • the capacitor C O via T O1 (T O2 )
  • the current in turn causes an eddy current in the contact ring 3, which then accelerates in the axial direction and of the fixed contact pieces. 1 and dissolving 2 to form two series-connected partial arcs.
  • the contact ring 3 moves in the annular space 8 in the axial direction and is only delayed again by the holding device 10.
  • the holding device 10 is designed in the form of a constriction of the annular space 8.
  • the contact ring is completely braked by friction when reaching the annular space narrowing 10 and held.
  • the slots L in the fixed contact pieces 1 and 2 prevent eddy current formation in the fixed contact pieces 1 and 2.
  • the slits L extend away from the gap 81 in the radial direction and have a length of about 1 cm.
  • the drive based on the principle of electrodynamic repulsion. It is particularly advantageous that only the contact ring 3 is moved mechanically. It requires no further moving parts for power transmission, tripping or energy storage.
  • the electrodynamic drive further has the advantages of exact triggerability by firing a thyristor, the short-term, fast-acting and very high impulse force and the uniform force on the contact ring. Thanks to the axially symmetrical design of the contact arrangement of the switching point according to the invention, the contact ring 3 is guided without mechanical guide elements through the extended region 82 of the annular space 8.
  • the holding device with the conically extending annular space narrowing 10 at the upper end of the annular space 8 and the conically tapered fixed contact pieces 1 and 2 at the lower end of the annular space 8 inherently cause a centering of the contact ring. 3
  • the inner geometry of the annular space 8 can be used with advantage to delay the contact ring 3 during the opening process or to achieve a suitable flow of the existing gaseous medium in the annular space 8. This is crucial if the contact ring 3 loses contact at a time when the rated current IN is not zero. Even in the presence of a low-impedance and low-inductive parallel path commutation arcs will form between the fixed contact pieces 1 and 2 and the contact ring 3, which are cooled by the flow in the annular space 8 and the insulating body 4. This results in a higher arc voltage, which in turn accelerates the commutation process.
  • the geometric mass of the contact arrangement of the inventive switching point depend on the nominal electrical data of the switching point.
  • the diameter of the contact ring 3 is approximately 250 mm. Its thickness corresponding to the width of the gap 81 is 8 mm.
  • the contact ring 3 made of silver-plated aluminum has a mass of several tens to 100 grams. The switching time for a switching point of this size is approx. 1 ms per switching operation.

Description

TECHNISCHES GEBIETTECHNICAL AREA

Bei der Erfindung wird ausgegangen von einer Schaltstelle eines Hoch- oder Mittelspannungsschalters nach dem Oberbegriff von Patentanspruch 1.In the invention, it is assumed that a switching point of a high or medium voltage switch according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

STAND DER TECHNIKSTATE OF THE ART

Eine Schaltstelle der obengenannten Art ist in EP 0 147 036 beschrieben. Ein an einer elektrisch leitenden Scheibe befestigtes Brückenschaltstück schliesst zwei feststehende Schaltstücke im geschlossenen Zustand der Schaltstelle kurz. Auf beiden Seiten der Scheibe ist je eine flache Spule derart angebracht, dass die Scheibe zwischen den beiden Spulen mittels elektrodynamischer Kräfte bewegt werden kann, wodurch das Brückenschaltstück den Kurzschluss zwischen den feststehenden Schaltstücken aufhebt, beziehungsweise wieder herstellt. Im geschlossenen Zustand der Schaltstelle wird in die erste Spule ein Strom eingespiesen, der in der Scheibe einen dem Strom in der Spule entgegengesetzt gerichteten Wirbelstrom bewirkt. Die beiden Ströme haben aufeinander eine abstossende Wirkung, wodurch sich die bewegliche Scheibe von der feststehenden Spule entfernt und das Brückenschaltstück den Kurzschluss zwischen den feststehenden Schaltstücken aufhebt. Um die Scheibe zurückzubewegen und das Brückenschaltstück wieder kurzschliessend an die feststehenden Schaltstücke zu bringen, wird in die zweite Spule ein Strom eingespiesen.A switch of the above type is described in EP 0 147 036. A bridge switch piece fixed to an electrically conductive disk short-circuits two stationary contact pieces in the closed state of the switch point. On each side of the disc a flat coil is ever mounted such that the disc between the two coils can be moved by means of electrodynamic forces, whereby the bridge switching piece eliminates the short circuit between the fixed contact pieces, or restores. In the closed state of the switching point, a current is injected into the first coil, which causes in the disc opposite to the current in the coil eddy current. The two currents have a repulsive effect on each other, which removes the movable disc from the stationary coil and the bridge switching piece eliminates the short circuit between the fixed contact pieces. In order to move the disk back and bring the bridge contact again short-circuited to the fixed contact pieces, a current is fed into the second coil.

Mit dem Oberbegriff nimmt die Erfindung auf einen Stand der Technik von Schaltstellen von Hoch- oder Mittelspannungsschaltem Bezug, wie er etwa in der DE 1 091 658 offenbart ist. Die beschriebene Schaltstelle weist ein axial und zwischen zwei Spulen bewegliches Brückenschaltstück auf welches aus einem Ring mit zwei Ansätzen besteht. Das Brückenschaltstück liegt im geschlossenen Zustand der Kontaktanordnung auf den sich verjüngenden Enden zweier Stromanschlüsse auf. Zum Öffnen der Kontaktanordnung wird mittels einer der beiden Spulen eine abstoßende elektrodynamische Kraft verursacht, welche das Brückenschaltstück aus dem Auflagebereich der Stromanschlüsse entlang einer axialen Führungsstange und gegen die Kraft einer Druckfeder nach oben drückt. Beim Öffnen der Kontaktanordnung muss somit zusätzlich zum Brückenschaltstück eine Feder gespannt und damit ein zusätzliches mechanisches Teil bewegt werden.With the preamble, the invention takes a prior art switching points of high or medium voltage switch reference, as disclosed for example in DE 1 091 658. The switching point described has an axial and between two coils movable bridge switching piece on which consists of a ring with two approaches. The bridge switching piece is in the closed state of the contact arrangement on the tapered ends of two power connectors. To open the contact arrangement a repulsive electrodynamic force is caused by one of the two coils, which pushes the bridge switching piece from the support region of the power connectors along an axial guide rod and against the force of a compression spring upwards. When opening the contact arrangement, therefore, in addition to the bridge contact piece, a spring must be tensioned and thus an additional mechanical part moved.

KURZE DARSTELLUNG DER ERFINDUNGBRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Der Erfindung, wie sie in den Patentansprüchen angegeben ist, liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Schaltstelle der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, welche schnell und mit geringem Energieaufwand geöffnet und geschlossen werden kann.The invention, as indicated in the claims, has the object of specifying a switching point of the type mentioned, which can be opened and closed quickly and with low energy consumption.

Die erfindungsgemässe Schaltstelle ist axialsymmetrisch ausgebildet. Dadurch gelingt es, unerwünschte Streuinduktivitäten weitgehend zu vermeiden, was besonders bei einer allfälligen Kommutierung des Stroms auf ein Parallelpfad vorteilhaft ist. Der zur Bildung der Kräfte eines elektrodynamischen Kontaktantriebs notwendige Induktionsstrom wird im nennstromführenden, beweglichen Brückenschaltstück generiert, wodurch ein sonst üblicherweise vorgesehenes scheibenförmiges Teil zur Führung des Induktionsstroms und damit zusätzliche zu beschleunigende Masse eingespart werden kann. Hierdurch wird die zum Erzielen einer bestimmten Öffnungs- bzw. Schliessgeschwindigkeit der Schaltstelle notwendige Antriebsenergie minimiert. Beim Öffnen entstehen zudem zwei Kontaktspalte, welche jeweils von einem von zwei in Serie geschalteten Teillichtbögen überbrückt sind. Durch diese Serienschaltung von Teillichtbögen erhöht sich die an einer Kontaktanordnung der Schaltstelle abfallende Lichtbogenspannung, womit wiederum bei einem allfälligen Parallelpfad besonders rasch und wirkungsvoll kommutiert werden kann.The inventive switching point is formed axially symmetrical. This makes it possible to avoid unwanted leakage inductances largely what is advantageous especially in a possible commutation of the current to a parallel path. The necessary for the formation of the forces of an electrodynamic contact drive induction current is generated in nominal current, movable bridge switching piece, whereby an otherwise usually provided disc-shaped part for guiding the induction current and thus additional mass to be accelerated can be saved. As a result, the necessary for achieving a certain opening or closing speed of the switching point drive energy is minimized. When opening two contact gaps, which are each bridged by one of two connected in series partial arcs. By this series connection of partial arcs, the voltage drop across a contact arrangement of the switching point increases arc voltage, which in turn can be commutated particularly quickly and effectively at a possible parallel path.

KURZE BESCHREIBUNG DER ZEICHNUNGENBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung und die damit erzielbaren weiteren Vorteile werden nachfolgend anhand von Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Hierbei zeigt:

Fig. 1
eine Aufsicht auf einen längs einer Achse geführten Schnitt durch eine Kontaktanordnung und zwei Spulen der Schaltstelle nach der Erfindung im geschlossenen Zustand,
Fig. 2
die Kontaktanordnung und die Spulen der Schaltstelle nach Fig. 1 im geöffneten Zustand,
Fig. 3
eine erste Ausführungsform der Schaltstelle nach der Erfindung mit einem vergrössert dargestelltem Teil der Kontaktanordnung nach Fig. 2 mit einem Teil einer ersten leistungselektronischen Steuereinheit zu Beginn eines Schliessvorgangs,
Fig. 4
eine schematische Darstellung der Schaltstelle nach Fig. 3 mit der ersten Steuereinheit, und
Fig. 5
eine schematische Darstellung einer zweiten Ausführungsform der Schaltstelle nach der Erfindung mit einer zweiten leistungselektronischen Steuereinheit.
Preferred embodiments of the invention and the advantages that can be achieved therewith are explained in more detail below with reference to drawings. Hereby shows:
Fig. 1
a plan view of a guided along an axis section through a contact arrangement and two coils of the switching point according to the invention in the closed state,
Fig. 2
the contact arrangement and the coils of the switching point according to FIG. 1 in the opened state,
Fig. 3
a first embodiment of the switching point according to the invention with an enlarged Pictured part of the contact arrangement of FIG. 2 with a Part of a first power electronic control unit at the beginning of a closing process,
Fig. 4
a schematic representation of the switching point of FIG. 3 with the first control unit, and
Fig. 5
a schematic representation of a second embodiment of the switching point according to the invention with a second power electronic control unit.

WEG ZUR AUSFÜHRUNG DER ERFINDUNGWAY FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

In allen Figuren beziehen sich gleiche Bezugszeichen auf gleichwirkende Teile. Fig. 1 zeigt eine Kontaktanordnung der erfindungsgemässe Schaltstelle in geschlossenem Zustand. Ein Nennstrom IN fliesst von einem ersten Anschluss 11 durch ein feststehendes Schaltstück 1, ein bewegliches, als Kontaktring 3 ausgebildetes Brückenschaltstück sowie ein feststehendes Schaltstück 2 zu einem zweiten Anschluss 21. Das feststehende Schaltstück 1 ist als Scheibe ausgebildet und von dem feststehende Schaltstück 2 umgeben, welches im wesentlichen zylinderförmig ausgebildet ist. Die beiden koaxial ineinandergeführten, feststehenden Schaltstücke 1 und 2 sowie der dazwischen eingepasste Kontaktring 3 bilden zusammen die Kontaktanordnung. Die Kontaktanordnung wird von einem elektrisch isolierenden Kontaktträger 7 getragen. Wie aus Fig. 2 ersichtlich ist, lässt sich der Kreisring 3 in axialer Richtung bewegen. Dadurch kann die Kontaktanordnung geöffnet und der Nennstrom IN unterbrochen werden. Um den Kontaktring 3 anzutreiben enthält die Schaltstelle einen elektrodynamischen Antrieb, mit zwei ringförmigen, flachen Spulen 5 und 6. Die beiden Spulen 5 und 6 begrenzen in der axialen Richtung einen Ringraum 8, in welchem sich der Kreisring 3 hin- und herbewegt. In radialer Richtung wird der Ringraum 8 durch einen Isolierkörper 4 begrenzt, welcher zudem die Spule 6 trägt.In all figures, like reference numerals refer to like-acting parts. Fig. 1 shows a contact arrangement of the inventive switching point in the closed state. A rated current IN flows from a first terminal 11 through a stationary contact piece 1, a movable bridge contact piece designed as a contact ring 3 and a stationary contact piece 2 to a second terminal 21. The stationary contact piece 1 is formed as a disk and surrounded by the stationary contact piece 2, which is formed substantially cylindrical. The two coaxially intertwined, fixed contact pieces 1 and 2 and the contact ring 3 fitted therebetween together form the contact arrangement. The contact arrangement is supported by an electrically insulating contact carrier 7. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the circular ring 3 can be moved in the axial direction. As a result, the contact arrangement can be opened and the nominal current IN interrupted. In order to drive the contact ring 3, the switch contains an electrodynamic drive, with two annular, flat coils 5 and 6. The two coils 5 and 6 define in the axial direction an annular space 8, in which the annulus 3 reciprocates. In the radial direction of the annular space 8 is limited by an insulating body 4, which also carries the coil 6.

Die genaue geometrische Ausführung der Kontaktanordnung ist aus Fig. 3 ersichtlich. Die beiden feststehenden Schaltstücke 1 und 2 bilden einen Spalt 81. Dieser Spalt ist so breit, dass im geschlossenen Zustand der Schaltstelle der Kontaktring 3 genau hineinpasst und beidseitig guten, elektrischen Kontakt mit den feststehenden Schaltstücken 1 und 2 hat. Die Schaltstücke 1 und 2 sind gegen den Spalt 81 hin mit Kontaktfingern K versehen. Die Kontaktfinger K sind durch Schlitze L voneinander getrennt und haben eine geringe Federwirkung in radialer Richtung. Dadurch wird der mechanische Halt des Kontaktrings 3 im Spalt 81 sowie der elektrische Kontakt verbessert. Unterhalb des Spalts 81 ist die erste Spule 5 angebracht, die für das Öffnen der Kontaktanordnung benötigt wird. Im dargestellten, geöffneten Zustand der Schaltstelle befindet sich der Kontaktring 3 am anderen Ende des Ringraums 8, in einer Haltevorrichtung 10, deren Aufgabe es ist, den Kontaktring 3 festzuhalten. Oberhalb der Haltevorrichtung 10 ist die zweite Spule 6 angebracht, die für das Schliessen der Kontaktanordnung benötigt wird. Der Isolierkörper 4 ist druckfest und ist gasdicht auf den feststehenden Schaltstücken 1 und 2 befestigt. Der Ringraum 8 weist zwischen dem Spalt 81 und der Haltevorrichtung 10 einen in radialer Richtung aufgeweiteten Bereich 82 auf. Der Ringraum 8 ist mit einem gasförmigen Medium gefüllt, zum Beispiel Luft oder SF6 unter atmosphärischem oder höherem Druck.The exact geometric design of the contact arrangement is shown in FIG. 3. The two fixed contact pieces 1 and 2 form a gap 81. This gap is so wide that in the closed state of the switching point of the contact ring 3 fits exactly and good on both sides, electrical contact with the fixed Contact pieces 1 and 2 has. The switching pieces 1 and 2 are provided against the gap 81 out with contact fingers K. The contact fingers K are separated by slots L and have a small spring action in the radial direction. As a result, the mechanical hold of the contact ring 3 in the gap 81 and the electrical contact is improved. Below the gap 81, the first coil 5 is mounted, which is required for opening the contact arrangement. In the illustrated, open state of the switching point is the contact ring 3 at the other end of the annular space 8, in a holding device 10, whose task is to hold the contact ring 3. Above the holding device 10, the second coil 6 is mounted, which is required for the closure of the contact arrangement. The insulating body 4 is flameproof and is gas-tight fixed to the fixed contact pieces 1 and 2. The annular space 8 has between the gap 81 and the holding device 10 a widened in the radial direction region 82. The annular space 8 is filled with a gaseous medium, for example air or SF 6 under atmospheric or higher pressure.

Die beiden Spulen 5 und 6 werden von einer leistungselektronischen Steuereinheit 9 gespiesen. Fig. 3 und Fig. 4 zeigen eine erste Ausführungsform der Steuereinheit 9 der erfindungsgemässen Schaltstelle. Ein erster Kondensator Cs und zwei Thyristoren TS1 und TS2 mit antiparallel geschalteten Freilaufdioden DS2 und DS1 sind mit der Spule 6 zu einem ersten Kreis geschaltet. Analog dazu sind ein zweiter Kondensator Co und zwei weitere Thyristoren TO1 und TO2 mit antiparafell geschalteten Freilaufdioden DO2 und DO1 mit der Spule 5 zu einem zweiten Schwingkreis geschaltet.The two coils 5 and 6 are fed by a power electronic control unit 9. Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 show a first embodiment of the control unit 9 of the inventive switching point. A first capacitor C s and two thyristors T S1 and T S2 with antiparallel-connected freewheeling diodes D S2 and D S1 are connected to the coil 6 to a first circuit. Similarly, a second capacitor C o and two further thyristors T O1 and T O2 are connected with antiparafilled freewheeling diodes D O2 and D O1 with the coil 5 to a second resonant circuit.

Die Funktionsweise des Antriebs der Schaltstelle wird anhand eines Schliessvorgangs erläutert, wie er in Fig. 3 dargestellt ist. Der Kontaktring 3 befindet sich in der Haltevorrichtung 10, der Kondensator Cs ist positiv geladen und die beiden Thyristoren TS1 und TS2 sind gesperrt. Durch Zünden des bezüglich der Ladespannung des Kondensators CS positiv gepolten Thyristors TS1 wird der Kondensator Cs über TS1, die Spule 6 und die Freilaufdiode DS1 entladen. Es ergibt sich ein sinusförmiger Stromimpuls Is in der Antriebsspule 6, welcher in dem direkt darunterliegenden Kontaktring 3 einen Wirbelstrom IW bewirkt. Der Antriebsstrom Is und der Wirbelstrom IW haben entgegengesetzte Richtung, wodurch sich eine abstossende Wirkung Fs zwischen Kontaktring 3 und Spule 6 ergibt. Die Spule 6 ist mit dem Isolierkörper 4 fest verbunden. Der Kontaktring 3 wird nach unten beschleunigt und erst beim Eintreten in den Spalt 81 durch ein im Spalt 81 eingeschlossenes Luftpolster sowie durch Reibwirkung gedämpft. Beim Auftreffen auf der darunter angebrachten Spule 5 wird er schliesslich endgültig gebremst. Der Kondensator CS bildet mit der Spule 6 einen Serienschwingkreis. Ein einmaliges Zünden des Thyristors TS1 hat also einen Umschwingvorgang des Kondensators CS zur Folge. Der Kondensator Cs ist nun negativ mit einer etwas kleineren als der ursprünglichen Spannung geladen, da die ohmschen Widerstände im Kreis elektrische Verluste ergeben. Um nun ein Zurückprallen des Kontaktringes 3 aus der vollständig geschlossenen Position im Spalt 81 zu verhindern, wird der Thyristor TS2 gezündet, womit sich der Kondensator CS über TS2, der Spule 6 und der Freilaufdiode DS2 ein zweites Mal umlädt. Aufgrund des grösseren Abstandes des Kontaktringes 3 zur Spule 6 ergibt sich nun ein geringerer Kraftimpuls FS auf den Kontaktring. Dieser reicht aber aus, um das Zurückprallen des Ringes aus der vollständig geschlossenen Position zu verhindern.The operation of the drive of the switching point will be explained with reference to a closing operation, as shown in Fig. 3. The contact ring 3 is located in the holding device 10, the capacitor C s is positively charged and the two thyristors T S1 and T S2 are disabled. By igniting the respect to the charging voltage of the capacitor C S positively poled thyristor T S1 , the capacitor C s via T S1 , the coil 6 and the freewheeling diode D S1 discharged. This results in a sinusoidal current pulse I s in the drive coil 6, which causes an eddy current I W in the directly underlying contact ring 3. The drive current Is and the eddy current I W have opposite directions, resulting in a repulsive effect Fs between contact ring 3 and coil 6 results. The coil 6 is firmly connected to the insulating body 4. The contact ring 3 is accelerated down and only upon entering the gap 81 by an enclosed air gap in the gap 81 and by Frictional action damped. When hitting the coil 5 attached underneath it finally finally braked. The capacitor C S forms a series resonant circuit with the coil 6. A single ignition of the thyristor T S1 thus has a Umschwingvorgang the capacitor C S result. The capacitor C s is now negatively charged with a slightly smaller than the original voltage, since the ohmic resistances in a circle result in electrical losses. In order to prevent a rebound of the contact ring 3 from the fully closed position in the gap 81, the thyristor T S2 is ignited, whereby the capacitor C S via T S2 , the coil 6 and the freewheeling diode D S2 recharges a second time. Due to the greater distance of the contact ring 3 to the coil 6 now results in a lesser force pulse F S on the contact ring. However, this is sufficient to prevent the rebound of the ring from the fully closed position.

Das aufeinanderfolgende Zünden der Thyristoren TS1 und TS2 hat den wesentlichen Vorteil, dass die feststehenden Schaltstücke 1 und 2 nicht nach der Bremskraft auf den Kontaktring 3 beim Schliessvorgang dimensioniert werden müssen. Der Kontaktring 3 muss nur genügend kinetische Energie besitzen, um entgegen der Reibung der feststehenden Schaltstücke 1 und 2 die vollständig geschlossene Position zu erreichen. Ein Zurückprallen von dort ist wegen des nun folgenden zweiten Kraftstosses nicht möglich. Weiter hat das zweite Auslösen den Vorteil, dass der Kondensator CS dabei wieder umschwingt und also wieder positiv geladen ist. Eine Ladeeinrichtung, welche nur positive Ladespannungen erzeugen kann, kann nun direkt wieder zugeschalten werden, um den Kondensator Cs nachzuladen. Wegen der schon vorhandenen Restladespannung wird dieser Wiederaufladevorgang auch deutlich schneller sein als ein Neuladevorgang. Für Anwendungen, bei denen ein wiederholtes Auslösen vonnöten ist, kann damit die Ladevorrichtung niedriger dimensioniert werden.The successive ignition of the thyristors T S1 and T S2 has the significant advantage that the fixed contact pieces 1 and 2 need not be dimensioned according to the braking force on the contact ring 3 during the closing process. The contact ring 3 only needs to have sufficient kinetic energy to reach against the friction of the fixed contact pieces 1 and 2, the fully closed position. A rebound from there is not possible because of the subsequent second power surge. Next, the second triggering has the advantage that the capacitor C S thereby again oscillates and is therefore positively charged again. A charging device, which can only generate positive charging voltages, can now be reconnected directly to recharge the capacitor C s . Because of the already existing residual charging voltage, this recharging process will also be significantly faster than a recharging process. For applications where repetitive triggering is required, the loader can be made smaller.

Ein Öffnungsvorgang entspricht im wesentlichen dem Schliessvorgang. Der Kontaktring 3 befindet sich in dem Spalt 81, der Kondensator Co ist positiv geladen und die beiden Thyristoren TO1 und TO2 sind gesperrt. Durch Zünden des bezüglich der Ladespannung des Kondensators CO positiv gepolten Thyristors TO1 (oder TO2) wird der Kondensator CO über TO1 (TO2), die Spule 5 und die Freilaufdiode DO1 (DO2) entladen. Der Strom bewirkt wiederum einen Wirbelstrom im Kontaktring 3, der daraufhin in axialer Richtung beschleunigt und von den feststehenden Schaltstücken 1 und 2 unter Bildung von zwei in Serie geschalteten Teillichtbögen losgelöst wird. Der Kontaktring 3 bewegt sich im Ringraum 8 in axialer Richtung und wird erst wieder von der Haltevorrichtung 10 verzögert. In der dargestellten Ausführungsform ist die Haltevorrichtung 10 in Form einer Verengung des Ringraums 8 ausgebildet. Der Kontaktring wird bei Erreichen der Ringraumverengung 10 durch Reibung vollständig abgebremst und festgehalten. Die Schlitze L in den feststehenden Schaltstücken 1 und 2 verhindern eine Wirbelstrombildung in den feststehenden Schaltstücken 1 und 2. Die Schlitze L verlaufen vom Spalt 81 weg in radialer Richtung und haben eine Länge von etwa 1 cm.An opening operation essentially corresponds to the closing process. The contact ring 3 is located in the gap 81, the capacitor C o is positively charged and the two thyristors T O1 and T O2 are blocked. By igniting with respect to the charging voltage of the capacitor C O positively poled thyristor T O1 (or T O2 ), the capacitor C O via T O1 (T O2 ), the coil 5 and the freewheeling diode D O1 (D O2 ) discharged. The current in turn causes an eddy current in the contact ring 3, which then accelerates in the axial direction and of the fixed contact pieces. 1 and dissolving 2 to form two series-connected partial arcs. The contact ring 3 moves in the annular space 8 in the axial direction and is only delayed again by the holding device 10. In the illustrated embodiment, the holding device 10 is designed in the form of a constriction of the annular space 8. The contact ring is completely braked by friction when reaching the annular space narrowing 10 and held. The slots L in the fixed contact pieces 1 and 2 prevent eddy current formation in the fixed contact pieces 1 and 2. The slits L extend away from the gap 81 in the radial direction and have a length of about 1 cm.

Sowohl für den Schliessvorgang wie für den Öffnungsvorgang basiert der Antrieb auf dem Prinzip der elektrodynamischen Abstossung. Besonders vorteilhaft ist, dass ausschliesslich der Kontaktring 3 mechanisch bewegt wird. Es bedarf keiner weiteren bewegten Teile für Kraftübertragung, Auslösung oder Energiespeicherung. Der elektrodynamische Antrieb hat weiter die Vorteile der exakten Triggerbarkeit durch Zünden eines Thyristors, der kurzzeitigen, schnell wirkenden und sehr hohen Impulskraft und der gleichmässigen Kraftwirkung auf den Kontaktring. Dank der axialsymmetrischen Ausbildung der Kontaktanordnung der Schaltstelle nach der Erfindung wird der Kontaktring 3 ohne mechanische Führungselemente durch den erweiterten Bereich 82 des Ringraums 8 geführt. Die Haltevorrichtung mit der konisch verlaufenden Ringraumverengung 10 am oberen Ende des Ringraums 8 und die konisch geschrägten, feststehenden Schaltstücke 1 und 2 am unteren Ende des Ringraums 8 bewirken inhärent eine Zentrierung des Kontaktrings 3.Both for the closing process as for the opening process, the drive based on the principle of electrodynamic repulsion. It is particularly advantageous that only the contact ring 3 is moved mechanically. It requires no further moving parts for power transmission, tripping or energy storage. The electrodynamic drive further has the advantages of exact triggerability by firing a thyristor, the short-term, fast-acting and very high impulse force and the uniform force on the contact ring. Thanks to the axially symmetrical design of the contact arrangement of the switching point according to the invention, the contact ring 3 is guided without mechanical guide elements through the extended region 82 of the annular space 8. The holding device with the conically extending annular space narrowing 10 at the upper end of the annular space 8 and the conically tapered fixed contact pieces 1 and 2 at the lower end of the annular space 8 inherently cause a centering of the contact ring. 3

Die innere Geometrie des Ringraums 8 kann mit Vorteil dazu benutzt werden, den Kontaktring 3 während dem Öffnungsvorgang zu verzögern oder auch um im Ringraum 8 eine geeignete Strömung des dort vorhandenen gasförmigen Mediums zu erreichen. Das ist von entscheidender Bedeutung, wenn der Kontaktring 3 zu einem Zeitpunkt Kontakt verliert, an dem der Nennstrom IN nicht Null ist. Auch bei Vorhandensein eines niederohmigen und niederinduktiven Parallelpfades werden sich Kommutierungslichtbögen zwischen den feststehenden Schaltstücken 1 und 2 und dem Kontaktring 3 ausbilden, welche durch die Strömung im Ringraum 8 und durch den Isolierkörper 4 gekühlt werden. Dies hat eine höhere Lichtbogenspannung zur Folge, was wiederum den Kommutierungsvorgang beschleunigt.The inner geometry of the annular space 8 can be used with advantage to delay the contact ring 3 during the opening process or to achieve a suitable flow of the existing gaseous medium in the annular space 8. This is crucial if the contact ring 3 loses contact at a time when the rated current IN is not zero. Even in the presence of a low-impedance and low-inductive parallel path commutation arcs will form between the fixed contact pieces 1 and 2 and the contact ring 3, which are cooled by the flow in the annular space 8 and the insulating body 4. This results in a higher arc voltage, which in turn accelerates the commutation process.

In einer zweiten Ausführungsform der Steuereinheit der erfindungsgemässen Schaltstelle gemäss Fig. 5 ist nur eine Kapazität C vorgesehen, die über Thyristoren T1 und T2 mit antiparallel geschalteten Dioden D2 und D1 mittels einem Schalter S wahlweise mit einer der Spulen 5 oder 6 zu einem Kreis geschaltet werden kann.In a second embodiment of the control unit of the inventive switching point according to FIG. 5, only one capacitor C is provided, which are connected via thyristors T1 and T2 with antiparallel connected diodes D2 and D1 by means of a switch S optionally with one of the coils 5 or 6 to a circle can.

Die geometrischen Masse der Kontaktanordung der erfindungsgemässen Schaltstelle hängen von den elektrischen Nenndaten der Schaltstelle ab. Bei einem Nennstrom IN der Schaltstelle von 5 kA und einer Nennspannung von 12 kV beträgt der Durchmesser des Kontaktrings 3 ca. 250 mm. Seine der Breite des Spalts 81 entsprechende Dicke beträgt 8 mm. Bei einer Höhe von einigen Milimetem hat der aus versilbertem Aluminium aufgebaute Kontaktring 3 eine Masse von einigen 10 bis zu 100 Gramm. Die Schaltzeit für eine Schaltstelle dieser Grösse beträgt ca. 1 ms pro Schaltvorgang.The geometric mass of the contact arrangement of the inventive switching point depend on the nominal electrical data of the switching point. At a rated current IN of the switching point of 5 kA and a rated voltage of 12 kV, the diameter of the contact ring 3 is approximately 250 mm. Its thickness corresponding to the width of the gap 81 is 8 mm. At a height of a few millimeters, the contact ring 3 made of silver-plated aluminum has a mass of several tens to 100 grams. The switching time for a switching point of this size is approx. 1 ms per switching operation.

BEZUGSZEICHENLISTELIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1, 21, 2
Feststehende SchaltstückeFixed contact pieces
11,2111.21
Zuleitungen zu den feststehenden SchaltstückenSupply lines to the fixed contact pieces
33
Kontaktringcontact ring
44
Isolierkörperinsulator
55
Antriebsspule ÖffnungsantriebDrive coil opening drive
66
Antriebsspulen SchliessantriebDrive coil closing drive
77
Isolierender Träger des KontaktsystemsInsulating carrier of the contact system
88th
Ringraumannulus
8181
Spaltgap
8282
Verbreiterte Stelle des RingraumsBroadened point of the annulus
99
Steuereinheit für AntriebsspulenControl unit for drive coils
1010
Haltevorrichtungholder
C, Cs, Co C, C s , C o
Kondensatoren zur Speicherung der AntriebsenergieCapacitors for storing the drive energy
D1, D2, DS1, DS2, DO1, DO2 D 1 , D 2 , D S1 , D S2 , D O1 , D O2
FreilaufdiodenFreewheeling diodes
LL
Schlitze in den feststehenden SchaltstückenSlots in the fixed contact pieces
KK
Kontaktfingercontact fingers
SS
Schalterswitch
T1, T2, TS1, TS2, TO1, TO2 T 1 , T 2 , T S1 , T S2 , T O1 , T O2
Thyristorenthyristors

Claims (11)

  1. Switching point in a high or medium voltage switch, containing two stationary switch pieces (1, 2), a movable, electrically conductive bridge switch piece which, when the switching point is closed, electrically contacts the stationary switch pieces (1, 2), and a drive comprising two coils (5, 6) and a power electronic control unit (9) for feeding the coils (5, 6) in order to move the bridge switch piece, the stationary switch pieces (1, 2), the bridge switch piece (3) and the coils (5, 6) being arranged symmetrically with respect to an axis, the bridge switch piece being constructed in the form of a contact ring (3) which can be moved in the axial direction and the two coils (5, 6) being arranged on either side of the contact ring (3), offset with respect to one another in the axial direction, characterized in that the stationary switch pieces (1, 2) are constructed as cylinders led into one another and bound an annular gap (81) and the bridge switch piece, when the switching point is closed, fits into the annular gap (81).
  2. Switching point according to Claim 1, characterized in that a first of the two coils (6) is held by an insulating element (4), in that the insulating element (4) bounds at least some sections of an annular space (8), in that the annular space (8) extends in the axial direction between the coils (5, 6), and in that the contact ring (3) is arranged in the annular space (8).
  3. Switching point according to Claim 2, characterized in that the insulating element (4) contains a device (10) for retaining the contact ring (3) when the switching point is open.
  4. Switching point according to Claim 3, characterized in that the retaining device (10) is constructed as a narrowing of the annular space (8) in the area of the first coil (6).
  5. Switching point according to one of Claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the annular space (8) expanded in the axial direction has a region (82) widened in the radial direction.
  6. Switching point according to one of Claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the insulating element (4) is designed to resist pressure, and in that a gaseous medium is enclosed in the annular space (8) .
  7. Switching point according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the control unit (9) contains a capacitor (C) which can optionally be connected by a switch (S) to one of the two coils (5, 6) via directional valves to form an electric circuit.
  8. Switching point according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the control unit (9) contains two capacitors (Cs, Co), of which the first capacitor (Cs) is connected to the first coil (6) via directional valves to form a first electric circuit, and the second capacitor (Co) is connected to the second coil (5) via directional valves to form a second electric circuit.
  9. Switching point according to either of Claims 7 and 8, characterized in that, for each circuit, two oppositely directed valves are connected in series.
  10. Switching point according to Claim 9, characterized in that the valves are designed as thyristors (T1, T2, TS1, TS2, TO1, TO2) with antiparallel-connected freewheeling diodes (D2, D1, DS2, DS1, DO2, DO1).
  11. Switching point according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the stationary switch pieces (1, 2) each have at least one slot (L) running away from the gap (81) in the radial direction.
EP99810596A 1999-07-06 1999-07-06 Fast mechanical switching device Expired - Lifetime EP1067569B1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP99810596A EP1067569B1 (en) 1999-07-06 1999-07-06 Fast mechanical switching device
DE59913821T DE59913821D1 (en) 1999-07-06 1999-07-06 Fast mechanical switching point
JP2000202526A JP2001057142A (en) 1999-07-06 2000-07-04 Mechanical switching contact capable of quick switching
US09/610,619 US6501635B1 (en) 1999-07-06 2000-07-05 Quick-action mechanical switching point
CNB00119996XA CN1169172C (en) 1999-07-06 2000-07-06 Quick-reaction mechanical switching point

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP99810596A EP1067569B1 (en) 1999-07-06 1999-07-06 Fast mechanical switching device

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1067569A1 EP1067569A1 (en) 2001-01-10
EP1067569B1 true EP1067569B1 (en) 2006-08-30

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EP99810596A Expired - Lifetime EP1067569B1 (en) 1999-07-06 1999-07-06 Fast mechanical switching device

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US (1) US6501635B1 (en)
EP (1) EP1067569B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2001057142A (en)
CN (1) CN1169172C (en)
DE (1) DE59913821D1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100528749B1 (en) 2001-04-27 2005-11-15 캐논 가부시끼가이샤 Novel polyhydroxyalkanoates having in its side chain phenylsulfinyl structure and/or phenyl sulfonyl structure and production process therefor, charge control agent, toner binder and toner containing same, and image forming method and image forming apparatus using the toner
CN105206449B (en) * 2009-11-16 2018-01-02 Abb 技术有限公司 Make the apparatus and method and current limliting arrangement of the current interruption of transmission line of electricity or distribution line
EP2339599A1 (en) * 2009-12-22 2011-06-29 ABB Research Ltd. A switch and use thereof
US8890019B2 (en) 2011-02-05 2014-11-18 Roger Webster Faulkner Commutating circuit breaker
US11424093B2 (en) 2018-10-24 2022-08-23 The Florida State University Research Foundation, Inc. Direct current hybrid circuit breaker with reverse biased voltage source
US11646575B2 (en) 2018-10-24 2023-05-09 The Florida State University Research Foundation, Inc. Direct current hybrid circuit breaker with reverse biased voltage source

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1168235A (en) * 1955-12-28 1958-12-05 Siemens Ag Electro-dynamic drive device to obtain a reciprocating movement
DE1091658B (en) * 1955-12-29 1960-10-27 Siemens Ag Arrangement for triggering and actuating a high-voltage switching device with an electromechanical drive at high-voltage potential
US2951188A (en) * 1956-01-10 1960-08-30 Ite Circuit Breaker Ltd High speed contacting device
GB1068324A (en) * 1963-05-20 1967-05-10 John Henry Waghorne Electric circuit breaker
GB2150352A (en) * 1983-11-25 1985-06-26 Electricity Council Circuit breaker assembly
JP3179349B2 (en) * 1996-04-03 2001-06-25 三菱電機株式会社 Switchgear

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EP1067569A1 (en) 2001-01-10
US6501635B1 (en) 2002-12-31
CN1169172C (en) 2004-09-29
CN1292562A (en) 2001-04-25
JP2001057142A (en) 2001-02-27
DE59913821D1 (en) 2006-10-12

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