EP0776021A2 - Electric switching device - Google Patents

Electric switching device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0776021A2
EP0776021A2 EP96810787A EP96810787A EP0776021A2 EP 0776021 A2 EP0776021 A2 EP 0776021A2 EP 96810787 A EP96810787 A EP 96810787A EP 96810787 A EP96810787 A EP 96810787A EP 0776021 A2 EP0776021 A2 EP 0776021A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
switching device
insulating tube
electrical switching
erosion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP96810787A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0776021A3 (en
Inventor
Daniel Bleiker
Jadran Kostovic
Markus Winkler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
ABB AB
Original Assignee
ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
Asea Brown Boveri AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd, Asea Brown Boveri AB filed Critical ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
Publication of EP0776021A2 publication Critical patent/EP0776021A2/en
Publication of EP0776021A3 publication Critical patent/EP0776021A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H31/00—Air-break switches for high tension without arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H31/26—Air-break switches for high tension without arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means with movable contact that remains electrically connected to one line in open position of switch
    • H01H31/32—Air-break switches for high tension without arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means with movable contact that remains electrically connected to one line in open position of switch with rectilinearly-movable contact
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/12—Auxiliary contacts on to which the arc is transferred from the main contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/045—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts for arcs formed during closing

Definitions

  • the invention is based on an electrical switching device according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the published patent application DE-A1-42 10 545 describes an angle isolator for a metal-encapsulated gas-insulated high-voltage switchgear assembly, with two switching elements arranged in the metal-gas-filled encapsulation and which can be contacted or separated along an axis, each with a pin-shaped, axially extending pre-ignition contact, which is used in both Switch pieces is designed as a follow-up contact, and with a fixed contact coaxially surrounding the pre-ignition contact of a fixed two switch pieces and a running contact provided on a movable two switch pieces, which forms a continuous current path with the fixed contact in the switch-on position.
  • a disconnector for a metal-encapsulated gas-insulated switchgear which has a displaceable insulating tube which is arranged concentrically around the contact arrangement and which reliably prevents an arc which occurs during switching from expanding in the direction of the grounded encapsulation .
  • a disconnector for a metal-encapsulated gas-insulated switchgear is known, the movable contact of which is surrounded by an insulating ring which is preferred in the direction of the fixed contact of the disconnector.
  • This insulating ring also means that a switching arc cannot expand in the direction of the grounded enclosure.
  • the prior art described relates to disconnectors which only have to switch comparatively very small currents, i.e. that they only have to deal with comparatively weak electric arcs when switched on.
  • the invention as defined in claim 1, is based on the object of specifying an electrical switching device which is trained with simple means for switching on comparatively large currents.
  • the electrical switching device has a contact arrangement equipped with erosion-resistant contacts, which has at least one contact movable along an axis and at least one cylindrical one for the receptacle of the movable contact provided counter contact. It is particularly advantageous that at least one insulating tube is provided in the contact arrangement, which radially delimits an erosion-resistant contact area during a switch-on process, so that the arc base cannot migrate out of the intended area.
  • the described design of the insulating tube has proven particularly useful in a current range of approx. 40 kA to 80 kA inrush current.
  • the insulating tube is made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or another temperature-resistant insulating material.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • the insulating tube can, however, also be made of ceramic if comparatively high inrush currents are to be mastered, and if, in connection therewith, particularly high temperatures occur in the vicinity of the arc, which act on the insulating tube.
  • the insulating tube can be cylindrical or funnel-shaped opening to the opposite contact or with a radially extending collar.
  • the respective switching device can be installed regardless of the position, the respective design of the insulating tube does not affect the installation position of the relevant switching device.
  • a fast grounding switch as used in metal-encapsulated gas-insulated switchgear is considered as the electrical switching device.
  • Figure 1 shows a greatly simplified partial section through this quick-ground switch.
  • the counter contact 4 is also constructed cylindrically around the axis 3.
  • the counter-contact 4 is designed here as a fixed contact, but it could also move in the direction of the movable contact 1 or it could also be designed as a single movable contact.
  • the mating contact 4 has a contact pin 5 in the center, which is provided on the side facing the movable contact 1 with a cylindrical cap 6 made of electrically conductive, erosion-resistant material.
  • the cap 6 has a crowned surface 6a facing the movable contact 1.
  • the contact pin 5 together with the cap 6 is surrounded by an annular gap 7, which is provided for receiving the movable contact 1.
  • the annular gap 7 is delimited towards the outside by an electrically conductive contact carrier 8.
  • This contact carrier 8 is made of electrically conductive, erosion-resistant material at least on the side facing the movable contact 1.
  • Resilient contact elements designed as contact fingers 9 are embedded in the side of the contact carrier 8 facing the contact pin 5.
  • annular groove 11 is machined, into which an insulating tube 12 is snapped in a form-fitting manner so that it is positioned.
  • the insulating tube 12 protrudes by the dimension h beyond a surface 13 of the contact carrier 8 facing the movable contact 1 in the direction of the movable contact 1.
  • An annular recess 13a which is provided as a particle trap, is let into the surface 13, immediately adjacent to the insulating tube 12.
  • the surface 6a of the cap 6 generally also protrudes somewhat beyond the surface 13.
  • the insulating tube 12 has an inner diameter D.
  • the following relationship applies to the dimensions of the insulating tube 12: h A ⁇ (500 / D).
  • the factor A is usually in the range from 3.5 to 5.0, with a factor A of 4.3 being particularly favorable when currents in the range from approximately 40 kA to approximately 80 kA are switched on by the fast-grounding switch.
  • the insulating tube 12 is here made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), but other temperature-resistant insulating materials are also possible, in particular also materials composed of several layers or an insulating tube made of ceramic.
  • the counter contact 4 is surrounded on the outside by a shielding electrode 14. As shown, this shielding electrode 14 can be designed as a solid metal body, but it can also be formed from a comparatively thin aluminum sheet.
  • the movable contact 1 is tubular. Its tip 15 facing the counter contact 4 is made of electrically conductive, erosion-resistant material. The tip 15 is shaped such that spring-mounted contact fingers 16 are dielectrically shielded in the interior of the movable contact 1. When switched on, the contact fingers 16 run onto the cap 6 of the contact pin 5 and slide on its surface. In the interior of the movable contact 1, a volume 17 is provided which receives the contact pin 5.
  • the movable contact 1 also has an outer surface 18 on which the contact fingers 9 rest after the rapid earther is switched on.
  • the movable contact 1 in the direction of arrow 2 on the Counter contact 4 moves too, and with the greatest possible speed.
  • the pre-ignition distance there is first a breakdown between the tip 15 of the movable contact 1 or between the surface 13 of the contact carrier 8 and the surface 6a of the cap 6 of the contact pin 5 and an arc 19 is formed.
  • the arc 19 is shown here schematically by a shaded area enclosed by a dashed line.
  • the arc has differently extended arc bases and different thicknesses.
  • the arc base which forms on the counter-contact 4 and migrates on the surfaces 6a and 13 occupies the entire region of these surfaces 6a and 13 within the insulating tube 12.
  • the arc 19 may burn, since there the electrically conductive, erosion-resistant materials reliably prevent the material from being burned up too much.
  • the insulating tube 12 reliably prevents the arc base from expanding onto the surface of the shielding electrode 14.
  • This shielding electrode 14 It is therefore not necessary to also produce this shielding electrode 14 from the erosion-resistant material.
  • This electrically conductive, erosion-resistant material for example tungsten copper, is generally comparatively expensive; in particular, such large pieces as would be required for the shielding electrode 14 are very expensive to manufacture. So there is a significant economic advantage if the migration of the base of the arc 19 through Insulating tube 12 is limited to the area within the insulating tube 12.
  • the recess 13a is used, when the quick earth electrode is installed in the installation position shown in FIG. 1, to absorb combustion particles.
  • the movable contact 1 moves comparatively quickly in the direction of the arrow 2 towards the counter contact 4.
  • the arc 19 shortens as the movable contact 1 approaches the counter-contact 4.
  • the cloud of ionized gas mixed with electrically conductive burn-off particles generated by the arc is kept away from the shielding electrode 14 by the insulating tube 12, and therefore cannot shield the electrode 14 initiate outgoing rollover.
  • the contact fingers 16 of the movable contact 1 touch the cap 6, the arc 19 extinguishes.
  • the contact fingers 16 are somewhat attacked by the commutation arc which then occurs when contact is made.
  • the current path now leads temporarily from the contact fingers 16 of the movable contact 1 via the contact pin 5 through the mating contact 4.
  • the movable contact 1 continues to move in the switch-on direction until the contact fingers 9 of the mating contact 4 rest on the surface 18 of the movable contact 1.
  • the majority of the current flowing through the fast-grounding switch now flows from the movable contact 1 via the contact fingers 9.
  • the annular gap 7 is designed for receiving the movable contact 1.
  • the left half of the mating contact 4 shows a second possible embodiment variant of the insulating tube 12, specifically this tube widens out to the funnel shape of the movable contact 1.
  • the protective effect of the insulating tube 12 is improved, and the covering of the shielding electrode 14 is ensured more effectively.
  • the dimension h can be made smaller without reducing the effect of the insulating tube 12.
  • the factor A is reduced somewhat.
  • the right half of the mating contact 4 shows a third possible embodiment variant of the insulating tube 12, namely in this variant the insulating tube 12 is provided with an integrally formed collar 20 which extends in the radial direction on the side of the insulating tube 12 facing the movable contact 1.
  • this collar 20 does not have to be molded onto the end of the insulating tube 12, for example it can also be molded directly above the surface of the shielding electrode 14.
  • This third embodiment also improves the effect of the insulating tube 12, so that here too the dimension h can be somewhat reduced compared to the embodiment shown in FIG.
  • a large number of other effective configurations of the insulating tube 12 are also conceivable.
  • a circuit breaker can also be equipped with this insulating tube 12, which is pulled over the contact surface. It is also possible to let this insulating tube 12 emerge from the mating contact 4 only at the start of the respective switch-on, so that in the switched-off state the electrical field between the two contacts does not pass through the insulating tube 12 is affected. Such an insulating tube 12 would lead to smaller and thus more economical erosion contacts. Furthermore, it is possible to let the insulating tube 12 emerge from the contact surface even in the event of high-current disconnections.

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  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)

Abstract

The cylindrical moving contact (1) is driven along an axis (3) towards a counter-contact (4) having a central pin (5) with a cylindrical cap (6) of erosion-resistant conductive material rounded (6a) at its end. The pin is surrounded by an annular gap (7) within a conductive contact carrier (8) of similar material supporting resilient fingers (9). The outer wall (10) of the contact carrier has an annular groove (11) into which an insulating ring (12) is snapped. The ring (12) is made of polytetrafluoroethylene or ceramic and protrudes (h) beyond the end of the carrier to define the radial boundary of the region of erosion-resistant contact.

Description

TECHNISCHES GEBIETTECHNICAL AREA

Bei der Erfindung wird ausgegangen von einem elektrischen Schaltgerät gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention is based on an electrical switching device according to the preamble of claim 1.

STAND DER TECHNIKSTATE OF THE ART

In der Offenlegungsschrift DE-A1-42 10 545 ist ein Winkeltrenner für eine metallgekapselte gasisolierte Hochspannungsschaltanlage beschrieben, mit zwei in der isoliergasgefüllten Metallkapselung angeordneten und längs einer Achse miteinander kontaktierbaren oder voneinander trennbaren Schaltstücken mit jeweils einem stiftförmigen, axial erstreckten Vorzündkontakt, welcher bei einem beider Schaltstücke als Nachlaufkontakt ausgebildet ist, und mit einem den Vorzündkontakt eines feststehenden beider Schaltstücke koaxial umgebenden Festkontakt und einem an einem beweglichen beider Schaltstücke vorgesehenen Laufkontakt, welcher in der Einschaltposition mit dem Festkontakt einen Dauerstrompfad bildet.The published patent application DE-A1-42 10 545 describes an angle isolator for a metal-encapsulated gas-insulated high-voltage switchgear assembly, with two switching elements arranged in the metal-gas-filled encapsulation and which can be contacted or separated along an axis, each with a pin-shaped, axially extending pre-ignition contact, which is used in both Switch pieces is designed as a follow-up contact, and with a fixed contact coaxially surrounding the pre-ignition contact of a fixed two switch pieces and a running contact provided on a movable two switch pieces, which forms a continuous current path with the fixed contact in the switch-on position.

Aus der Offenlegungsschrift DE 3 331 819 Al ist ein Trenner für eine metallgekapselte gasisolierte Schaltanlage bekannt, welcher ein verschiebbares, konzentrisch um die Kontaktanordnung angeordnetes Isolierrohr aufweist, welches sicher verhindert, dass sich ein beim Schalten auftretender Lichtbogen ausweiten kann in Richtung auf die geerdete Kapselung zu.From the published patent application DE 3 331 819 A1, a disconnector for a metal-encapsulated gas-insulated switchgear is known, which has a displaceable insulating tube which is arranged concentrically around the contact arrangement and which reliably prevents an arc which occurs during switching from expanding in the direction of the grounded encapsulation .

Aus der Offenlegungsschrift DE 4 204 529 Al ist ein Trenner für eine metallgekapselte gasisolierte Schaltanlage bekannt, dessen beweglicher Kontakt von einem isolierenden Ring umgeben ist, der vorgezogen ist in Richtung auf den feststehenden Kontakt des Trenners. Dieser isolierende Ring bewirkt ebenfalls, dass sich ein Schaltlichtbogen nicht ausweiten kann in Richtung auf die geerdete Kapselung zu.From the published patent application DE 4 204 529 A1, a disconnector for a metal-encapsulated gas-insulated switchgear is known, the movable contact of which is surrounded by an insulating ring which is preferred in the direction of the fixed contact of the disconnector. This insulating ring also means that a switching arc cannot expand in the direction of the grounded enclosure.

Der beschriebene Stand der Technik betrifft Trennschalter, die lediglich vergleichsweise sehr kleine Ströme zu schalten haben, d.h. dass sie beim Einschalten nur vergleichsweise stromschwache Lichtbogen zu beherrschen haben.The prior art described relates to disconnectors which only have to switch comparatively very small currents, i.e. that they only have to deal with comparatively weak electric arcs when switched on.

KURZE DARSTELLUNG DER ERFINDUNGSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Der Erfindung, wie sie im Patentanspruch 1 definiert ist, liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein elektrisches Schaltgerät anzugeben, welches mit einfachen Mitteln für das Einschalten vergleichsweise grosser Ströme ertüchtigt ist.The invention, as defined in claim 1, is based on the object of specifying an electrical switching device which is trained with simple means for switching on comparatively large currents.

Das elektrische Schaltgerät weist eine mit abbrandfesten Kontakten ausgerüsteten Kontaktanordnung auf, welche mindestens einen entlang einer Achse beweglichen Kontakt und mindestens einen zylindrisch ausgebildeten, für die Aufnahme des beweglichen Kontakts vorgesehenen Gegenkontakt aufweist. Es ist besonders vorteilhaft, dass in der Kontaktanordnung mindestens ein Isolierrohr vorgesehen ist, welches während eines Einschaltvorgangs einen abbrandfest ausgerüsteten Kontaktbereich radial begrenzt, sodass der Lichtbogenfusspunkt nicht aus dem vorgesehenen Bereich auswandern kann.The electrical switching device has a contact arrangement equipped with erosion-resistant contacts, which has at least one contact movable along an axis and at least one cylindrical one for the receptacle of the movable contact provided counter contact. It is particularly advantageous that at least one insulating tube is provided in the contact arrangement, which radially delimits an erosion-resistant contact area during a switch-on process, so that the arc base cannot migrate out of the intended area.

Das Isolierrohr weist innen einen Durchmesser D auf und es erstreckt sich um ein Mass h in Richtung auf den gegenüberliegenden Kontakt zu, dabei gilt die folgende Beziehung: h = A·(500/D), wobei der Faktor A im Bereich von 3,5 bis 5,0 liegt. Der Faktor A weist bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform eines Schnellerders einen Wert von 4,3 auf. Besonders in einem Strombereich von ca. 40 kA bis 80 kA Einschaltstrom bewährt sich die beschriebene Ausführung des Isolierrohrs.The inside of the insulating tube has a diameter D and it extends by a dimension h in the direction of the opposite contact, the following relationship applies: h = A · (500 / D), the factor A being in the range from 3.5 up to 5.0. In a preferred embodiment of a fast earth electrode, the factor A has a value of 4.3. The described design of the insulating tube has proven particularly useful in a current range of approx. 40 kA to 80 kA inrush current.

Das Isolierrohr ist bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform eines Schnellerders aus Polytetrafluoräthylen (PTFE) oder einem anderen temperaturbeständigen Isoliermaterial gefertigt. Das Isolierrohr kann aber auch, wenn vergleichsweise hohe Einschaltströme zu beherrschen sind, und wenn damit verbunden auch besonders hohe Temperaturen in der Umgebung des Lichtbogens auftreten, welche das Isolierrohr beaufschlagen, aus Keramik gefertigt sein.In a preferred embodiment of a fast earth electrode, the insulating tube is made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or another temperature-resistant insulating material. The insulating tube can, however, also be made of ceramic if comparatively high inrush currents are to be mastered, and if, in connection therewith, particularly high temperatures occur in the vicinity of the arc, which act on the insulating tube.

Das Isolierrohr kann zylindrisch oder sich dem gegenüberliegenden Kontakt zu trichterförmig öffnend oder mit einem sich radial erstreckenden Kragen ausgebildet sein.The insulating tube can be cylindrical or funnel-shaped opening to the opposite contact or with a radially extending collar.

Das jeweilige Schaltgerät kann lageunabhängig eingebaut werden, die jeweilige Ausbildung des Isolierrohrs beeinflusst die Einbaulage des betreffenden Schaltgeräts nicht.The respective switching device can be installed regardless of the position, the respective design of the insulating tube does not affect the installation position of the relevant switching device.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung und die damit erzielbaren Vorteile wird nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnung, welche lediglich einen möglichen Ausführungsweg darstellt, näher erläutert.An exemplary embodiment of the invention and the advantages which can be achieved thereby are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing, which only represents one possible embodiment.

KURZE BESCHREIBUNG DER ZEICHNUNGBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

Es zeigen:

  • Fig.1 einen ersten Teilschnitt durch ein erfindungsgemässes elektrisches Schaltgerät, und
  • Fig.2 einen zweiten Teilschnitt durch ein erfindungsgemässes elektrisches Schaltgerät.
  • Alle für das unmittelbare Verständnis der Erfindung nicht erforderlichen Elemente sind nicht dargestellt.
Show it:
  • 1 shows a first partial section through an electrical switching device according to the invention, and
  • 2 shows a second partial section through an electrical switching device according to the invention.
  • All elements not necessary for the immediate understanding of the invention are not shown.

WEGE ZUR AUSFÜHRUNG DER ERFINDUNGWAYS OF CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Als elektrisches Schaltgerät wird zunächst ein Schnellerdungsschalter, wie er in metallgekapselten gasisolierten Schaltanlagen eingesetzt wird, betrachtet. Die Fig.1 zeigt einen stark vereinfachten Teilschnitt durch diesen Schnellerdungsschalter. Ein zylindrisch ausgebildeter, durch einen nicht dargestellten Antrieb angetriebener beweglicher Kontakt 1, bewegt sich in Richtung eines Pfeils 2 entlang einer Achse 3 auf einen Gegenkontakt 4 zu. Der Gegenkontakt 4 ist ebenfalls zylindrisch um die Achse 3 herum aufgebaut. Der Gegenkontakt 4 ist hier als feststehender Kontakt ausgebildet, er könnte sich jedoch auch in Richtung auf den beweglichen Kontakt 1 zu bewegen oder er könnte auch als allein beweglicher Kontakt ausgebildet sein.A fast grounding switch as used in metal-encapsulated gas-insulated switchgear is considered as the electrical switching device. Figure 1 shows a greatly simplified partial section through this quick-ground switch. A cylindrical contact 1, which is driven by a drive (not shown), moves in the direction of an arrow 2 along an axis 3 towards a counter contact 4 to. The counter contact 4 is also constructed cylindrically around the axis 3. The counter-contact 4 is designed here as a fixed contact, but it could also move in the direction of the movable contact 1 or it could also be designed as a single movable contact.

Der Gegenkontakt 4 weist im Zentrum einen Kontaktstift 5 auf, der auf der dem beweglichen Kontakt 1 zugewandten Seite mit einer zylindrisch ausgebildeten Kappe 6 aus elektrisch leitendem, abbrandfestem Material versehen ist. Die Kappe 6 weist eine dem beweglichen Kontakt 1 zugewandte, ballig ausgebildete Oberfläche 6a auf. Den Kontaktstift 5 samt Kappe 6 umgibt ein ringförmiger Spalt 7, der für die Aufnahme des beweglichen Kontakts 1 vorgesehen ist. Der ringförmige Spalt 7 wird nach aussen hin durch einen elektrisch leitenden Kontaktträger 8 begrenzt. Dieser Kontaktträger 8 ist zumindest auf der dem beweglichen Kontakt 1 zugewandten Seite aus elektrisch leitendem, abbrandfestem Material gefertigt. In die dem Kontaktstift 5 zugewandte Seite des Kontaktträgers 8 sind federnde, als Kontaktfinger 9 ausgebildete Kontaktelemente eingelassen. In eine äussere Wand 10 des Kontaktträgers 8 ist eine Ringnut 11 eingearbeitet, in welche ein Isolierrohr 12 formschlüssig eingeschnappt ist, sodass es positioniert ist. Das Isolierrohr 12 ragt um das Mass h über eine dem beweglichen Kontakt 1 zugewandte Oberfläche 13 des Kontaktträgers 8 hinaus in Richtung auf den beweglichen Kontakt 1 zu. In die Oberfläche 13 ist, unmittelbar angrenzend an das Isolierrohr 12, eine ringförmige Vertiefung 13a eingelassen, die als Partikelfalle vorgesehen ist. Die Oberfläche 6a der Kappe 6 ragt in der Regel ebenfalls etwas über die Oberfläche 13 hinaus.The mating contact 4 has a contact pin 5 in the center, which is provided on the side facing the movable contact 1 with a cylindrical cap 6 made of electrically conductive, erosion-resistant material. The cap 6 has a crowned surface 6a facing the movable contact 1. The contact pin 5 together with the cap 6 is surrounded by an annular gap 7, which is provided for receiving the movable contact 1. The annular gap 7 is delimited towards the outside by an electrically conductive contact carrier 8. This contact carrier 8 is made of electrically conductive, erosion-resistant material at least on the side facing the movable contact 1. Resilient contact elements designed as contact fingers 9 are embedded in the side of the contact carrier 8 facing the contact pin 5. In an outer wall 10 of the contact carrier 8, an annular groove 11 is machined, into which an insulating tube 12 is snapped in a form-fitting manner so that it is positioned. The insulating tube 12 protrudes by the dimension h beyond a surface 13 of the contact carrier 8 facing the movable contact 1 in the direction of the movable contact 1. An annular recess 13a, which is provided as a particle trap, is let into the surface 13, immediately adjacent to the insulating tube 12. The surface 6a of the cap 6 generally also protrudes somewhat beyond the surface 13.

Das Isolierrohr 12 weist einen inneren Durchmesser D auf. Für die Abmessungen des Isolierrohrs 12 gilt die folgende Beziehung: h = A·(500/D). Der Faktor A liegt dabei in der Regel im Bereich von 3,5 bis 5,0, wobei ein Faktor A von 4,3 besonders günstig ist, wenn durch den Schnellerdungsschalter Ströme im Bereich von etwa 40 kA bis etwa 80 kA eingeschaltet werden. Das Isolierrohr 12 ist hier aus Polytetrafluoräthylen (PTFE) gefertigt, es sind jedoch auch andere temperaturbeständige Isoliermaterialien möglich, insbesondere auch aus mehreren Schichten aufgebaute Materialien oder auch ein Isolierrohr aus Keramik. Der Gegenkontakt 4 ist aussen von einer Abschirmelektrode 14 umgeben. Diese Abschirmelektrode 14 kann, wie dargestellt, als ein massiver Metallkörper ausgebildet sein, sie kann jedoch auch aus einem vergleichsweise dünnen Aluminiumblech geformt sein.The insulating tube 12 has an inner diameter D. The following relationship applies to the dimensions of the insulating tube 12: h = A · (500 / D). The factor A is usually in the range from 3.5 to 5.0, with a factor A of 4.3 being particularly favorable when currents in the range from approximately 40 kA to approximately 80 kA are switched on by the fast-grounding switch. The insulating tube 12 is here made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), but other temperature-resistant insulating materials are also possible, in particular also materials composed of several layers or an insulating tube made of ceramic. The counter contact 4 is surrounded on the outside by a shielding electrode 14. As shown, this shielding electrode 14 can be designed as a solid metal body, but it can also be formed from a comparatively thin aluminum sheet.

Der bewegliche Kontakt 1 ist rohrförmig ausgebildet. Seine dem Gegenkontakt 4 zugewandte Spitze 15 ist aus elektrisch leitendem, abbrandfestem Material gefertigt. Die Spitze 15 ist so geformt, dass im Innern des beweglichen Kontakts 1 federnd angebrachte Kontaktfinger 16 dielektrisch abgeschirmt sind. Beim Einschalten laufen die Kontaktfinger 16 auf die Kappe 6 des Kontaktstifts 5 auf und gleiten auf dessen Oberfläche. Im Innern des beweglichen Kontakts 1 ist ein Volumen 17 vorgesehen, welches den Kontaktstift 5 aufnimmt. Der bewegliche Kontakt 1 weist zudem eine äussere Oberfläche 18 auf, auf welcher nach dem Einschalten des Schnellerders die Kontaktfinger 9 aufliegen.The movable contact 1 is tubular. Its tip 15 facing the counter contact 4 is made of electrically conductive, erosion-resistant material. The tip 15 is shaped such that spring-mounted contact fingers 16 are dielectrically shielded in the interior of the movable contact 1. When switched on, the contact fingers 16 run onto the cap 6 of the contact pin 5 and slide on its surface. In the interior of the movable contact 1, a volume 17 is provided which receives the contact pin 5. The movable contact 1 also has an outer surface 18 on which the contact fingers 9 rest after the rapid earther is switched on.

Beim Einschalten des Schnellerdungsschalters wird der bewegliche Kontakt 1 in Richtung des Pfeiles 2 auf den Gegenkontakt 4 zu bewegt, und zwar mit einer möglichst grossen Geschwindigkeit. Beim Erreichen der Vorzünddistanz erfolgt zunächst ein Durchschlag zwischen der Spitze 15 des beweglichen Kontakts 1 oder zwischen der Oberfläche 13 des Kontaktträgers 8 und der Oberfläche 6a der Kappe 6 des Kontaktstifts 5 und ein Lichtbogen 19 bildet sich aus. Der Lichtbogen 19 ist hier schematisch durch einen schattierten, von einer gestrichelten Linie eingefassten Bereich dargestellt. Abhängig von der augenblicklichen Stromstärke des Einschaltstroms weist der Lichtbogen unterschiediich ausgedehnte Lichtbogenfusspunkte und unterschiedliche Dicken auf. Bei den im angegebenen Bereich des Einschaltstroms möglichen Stromaugenblickswerten kann es vorkommen, dass der auf dem Gegenkontakt 4 sich ausbildende und auf den Oberflächen 6a und 13 wandernde Lichtbogenfusspunkt den gesamten Bereich dieser Oberflächen 6a und 13 innerhalb des Isolierrohrs 12 beansprucht. In diesem Bereich darf der Lichtbogen 19 jedoch brennen, da dort die elektrisch leitenden, abbrandfesten Materialien sicher verhindern, dass ein all zu grosser Materialabbrand auftritt. Das Isolierrohr 12 verhindert dabei sicher, dass sich der Lichtbogenfusspunkt auf die Oberfläche der Abschirmelektrode 14 ausweitet.When you turn on the quick ground switch, the movable contact 1 in the direction of arrow 2 on the Counter contact 4 moves too, and with the greatest possible speed. When the pre-ignition distance is reached, there is first a breakdown between the tip 15 of the movable contact 1 or between the surface 13 of the contact carrier 8 and the surface 6a of the cap 6 of the contact pin 5 and an arc 19 is formed. The arc 19 is shown here schematically by a shaded area enclosed by a dashed line. Depending on the instantaneous current of the inrush current, the arc has differently extended arc bases and different thicknesses. With the current instantaneous values that are possible in the specified range of the inrush current, it can happen that the arc base which forms on the counter-contact 4 and migrates on the surfaces 6a and 13 occupies the entire region of these surfaces 6a and 13 within the insulating tube 12. In this area, however, the arc 19 may burn, since there the electrically conductive, erosion-resistant materials reliably prevent the material from being burned up too much. The insulating tube 12 reliably prevents the arc base from expanding onto the surface of the shielding electrode 14.

Es ist deshalb nicht nötig, diese Abschirmelektrode 14 ebenfalls aus dem abbrandfestem Material herzustellen. Dieses elektrisch leitende, abbrandfeste Material, beispielsweise Wolframkupfer, ist in der Regel vergleichsweise teuer, insbesondere sind auch derartig grosse Stücke, wie sie für die Abschirmelektrode 14 benötigt würden, sehr teuer in der Herstellung. Es bringt also einen erheblichen wirtschaftlichen Vorteil mit sich, wenn die Wanderung des Fusspunktes des Lichtbogens 19 durch das Isolierrohr 12 auf den Bereich innerhalb des Isolierrohrs 12 begrenzt wird. Die Vertiefung 13a dient dazu, wenn der Schnellerder in der in Fig.1 dargestellten Einbaulage montiert ist, Abbrandpartikel aufzunehmen.It is therefore not necessary to also produce this shielding electrode 14 from the erosion-resistant material. This electrically conductive, erosion-resistant material, for example tungsten copper, is generally comparatively expensive; in particular, such large pieces as would be required for the shielding electrode 14 are very expensive to manufacture. So there is a significant economic advantage if the migration of the base of the arc 19 through Insulating tube 12 is limited to the area within the insulating tube 12. The recess 13a is used, when the quick earth electrode is installed in the installation position shown in FIG. 1, to absorb combustion particles.

Beim Einschalten des Schnellerdungsschalters bewegt sich der bewegliche Kontakt 1 vergleichsweise schnell in Richtung des Pfeiles 2 auf den Gegenkontakt 4 zu. Sobald der Lichtbogen 19 gezündet hat, wandert sein Fusspunkt, angetrieben durch elektrodynamische Kräfte, auf den Oberflächen der dafür vorgesehen abbrandfesten Kontakte herum. Mit dem Annähern des beweglichen Kontakts 1 an den Gegenkontakt 4 verkürzt sich der Lichtbogen 19. Die durch den Lichtbogen erzeugte Wolke aus ionisiertem Gas vermischt mit elektrisch leitenden Abbrandpartikeln wird durch das Isolierrohr 12 von der Abschirmelektrode 14 ferngehalten, sie kann deshalb keinen von der Abschirmelektrode 14 ausgehenden Überschlag einleiten. Sobald die Kontaktfinger 16 des beweglichen Kontakts 1 die Kappe 6 berühren, erlischt der Lichtbogen 19. Die Kontaktfinger 16 werden bei der Kontaktgabe durch den dann auftretenden Kommutierungslichtbogen etwas angegriffen. Der Strompfad führt nun vorübergehend von den Kontaktfingern 16 des beweglichen Kontakts 1 über den Kontaktstift 5 weiter durch den Gegenkontakt 4.When the fast grounding switch is switched on, the movable contact 1 moves comparatively quickly in the direction of the arrow 2 towards the counter contact 4. As soon as the arc 19 has ignited, its base point, driven by electrodynamic forces, wanders around on the surfaces of the erosion-resistant contacts provided for this purpose. The arc 19 shortens as the movable contact 1 approaches the counter-contact 4. The cloud of ionized gas mixed with electrically conductive burn-off particles generated by the arc is kept away from the shielding electrode 14 by the insulating tube 12, and therefore cannot shield the electrode 14 initiate outgoing rollover. As soon as the contact fingers 16 of the movable contact 1 touch the cap 6, the arc 19 extinguishes. The contact fingers 16 are somewhat attacked by the commutation arc which then occurs when contact is made. The current path now leads temporarily from the contact fingers 16 of the movable contact 1 via the contact pin 5 through the mating contact 4.

Der bewegliche Kontakt 1 fährt jedoch solange weiter in die Einschaltrichtung bis die Kontaktfinger 9 des Gegenkontakts 4 auf der Oberfläche 18 des beweglichen Kontakts 1 aufliegen. Der durch den Schnellerdungsschalter fliessende Strom fliesst nun mehrheitlich vom beweglichen Kontakt 1 über die Kontaktfinger 9 weiter. Der ringförmige Spalt 7 ist für die Aufnahme des beweglichen Kontakts 1 ausgelegt.However, the movable contact 1 continues to move in the switch-on direction until the contact fingers 9 of the mating contact 4 rest on the surface 18 of the movable contact 1. The majority of the current flowing through the fast-grounding switch now flows from the movable contact 1 via the contact fingers 9. The annular gap 7 is designed for receiving the movable contact 1.

In der Fig.2 ist ein Teilschnitt durch den Gegenkontakt 4 dargestellt. Die linke Hälfte des Gegenkontakts 4 zeigt eine zweite mögliche Ausführungsvariante des Isolierrohrs 12, und zwar weitet sich dieses Rohr dem beweglichen Kontakt 1 zu trichterförmig auf. Durch diese Ausführungsform wird die schützende Wirkung des Isolierrohrs 12 verbessert, die Abdeckung der Abschirmelektrode 14 ist wirkungsvoller gewährleistet. Gegenüber der Ausführung des Isolierrohrs 12 gemäss Fig.1 kann das Mass h kleiner ausgeführt werden, ohne die Wirkung des Isolierrohrs 12 zu reduzieren. Der Faktor A wird jedoch dadurch etwas verkleinert. Die rechte Hälfte des Gegenkontakts 4 zeigt eine dritte mögliche Ausführungsvariante des Isolierrohrs 12, und zwar ist bei dieser Variante das Isolierrohr 12 mit einem angeformten Kragen 20 versehen, der sich an der dem beweglichen Kontakt 1 zugewandten Seite des Isolierrohrs 12 in radialer Richtung erstreckt. Dieser Kragen 20 muss jedoch nicht am Ende des Isolierrohrs 12 angeformt sein, er kann beispielsweise auch unmittelbar oberhalb der Oberfläche der Abschirmelektrode 14 angeformt sein. Diese dritte Ausführungsform verbessert ebenfalls die Wirkung des Isolierrohrs 12, sodass auch hier das Mass h gegenüber der in Fig.1 gezeigten Ausführungsform etwas reduziert werden kann. Ausser den gezeigten Ausführungsformen ist noch eine Vielzahl von anderen wirksamen Ausgestaltungen des Isolierrohrs 12 vorstellbar.2 shows a partial section through the mating contact 4. The left half of the mating contact 4 shows a second possible embodiment variant of the insulating tube 12, specifically this tube widens out to the funnel shape of the movable contact 1. With this embodiment, the protective effect of the insulating tube 12 is improved, and the covering of the shielding electrode 14 is ensured more effectively. Compared to the design of the insulating tube 12 according to FIG. 1, the dimension h can be made smaller without reducing the effect of the insulating tube 12. However, the factor A is reduced somewhat. The right half of the mating contact 4 shows a third possible embodiment variant of the insulating tube 12, namely in this variant the insulating tube 12 is provided with an integrally formed collar 20 which extends in the radial direction on the side of the insulating tube 12 facing the movable contact 1. However, this collar 20 does not have to be molded onto the end of the insulating tube 12, for example it can also be molded directly above the surface of the shielding electrode 14. This third embodiment also improves the effect of the insulating tube 12, so that here too the dimension h can be somewhat reduced compared to the embodiment shown in FIG. In addition to the embodiments shown, a large number of other effective configurations of the insulating tube 12 are also conceivable.

Als Schaltgerät kann beispielsweise auch ein Leistungsschalter mit diesem über die Kontaktoberfläche vorgezogenen Isolierrohr 12 ausgerüstet werden. Es ist auch möglich, dieses Isolierrohr 12 erst bei Beginn der jeweiligen Einschaltung aus dem Gegenkontakt 4 heraustreten zu lassen, sodass im ausgeschalteten Zustand das elektrische Feld zwischen den beiden Kontakten durch das Isolierrohr 12 nicht beeinträchtigt wird. Ein derartiges Isolierrohr 12 würde zu flächenmässig kleineren und damit wirtschaftlicheren Abbrandkontakten führen. Ferner ist es möglich, das Isolierrohr 12 auch bei stromstarken Ausschaltungen aus der Kontaktoberfläche heraustreten zu lassen.As a switching device, for example, a circuit breaker can also be equipped with this insulating tube 12, which is pulled over the contact surface. It is also possible to let this insulating tube 12 emerge from the mating contact 4 only at the start of the respective switch-on, so that in the switched-off state the electrical field between the two contacts does not pass through the insulating tube 12 is affected. Such an insulating tube 12 would lead to smaller and thus more economical erosion contacts. Furthermore, it is possible to let the insulating tube 12 emerge from the contact surface even in the event of high-current disconnections.

BEZEICHNUNGSLISTELIST OF DESIGNATIONS

11
beweglicher Kontaktmoving contact
22nd
Pfeilarrow
33rd
Achseaxis
44th
GegenkontaktCounter contact
55
KontaktstiftContact pin
66
Kappecap
6a6a
Oberflächesurface
77
ringförmiger Spaltannular gap
88th
KontaktträgerContact carrier
99
KontaktfingerContact finger
1010th
Wandwall
1111
RingnutRing groove
1212th
IsolierrohrInsulating tube
1313
Oberflächesurface
13a13a
Vertiefungdeepening
1414
AbschirmelektrodeShielding electrode
1515
Spitzetop
1616
KontaktfingerContact finger
1717th
Volumenvolume
1818th
Oberflächesurface
1919th
LichtbogenElectric arc
2020th
Kragencollar
hH
MassMeasure
DD
Durchmesserdiameter

Claims (9)

Elektrisches Schaltgerät mit einer mit abbrandfesten Kontakten ausgerüsteten Kontaktanordnung, welche mindestens einen entlang einer Achse (3) beweglichen Kontakt (1) und mindestens einen zylindrisch ausgebildeten, für die Aufnahme des beweglichen Kontakts (1) vorgesehenen Gegenkontakt (4) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, - dass in der Kontaktanordnung mindestens ein Isolierrohr (12) vorgesehen ist, welches während eines Einschaltvorgangs einen abbrandfest ausgerüsteten Kontaktbereich radial begrenzt. Electrical switching device with a contact arrangement equipped with erosion-resistant contacts, which has at least one contact (1) movable along an axis (3) and at least one cylindrical counter contact (4) designed to receive the movable contact (1), characterized in that - That in the contact arrangement at least one insulating tube (12) is provided, which radially delimits an erosion-resistant contact area during a switch-on process. Elektrisches Schaltgerät nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, - dass das Isolierrohr (12) innen einen Durchmesser D aufweist und sich um ein Masss h in Richtung auf den gegenüberliegenden Kontakt zu erstreckt, und - dass die folgende Beziehung gilt: h = A · 500 D ,
Figure imgb0001
 wobei der Faktor A im Bereich von 3,5 bis 5,0 liegt. Electrical switching device according to claim 1, characterized in - That the insulating tube (12) has a diameter D inside and extends by a dimension h in the direction of the opposite contact, and - that the following relationship applies: h = A 500 D ,
Figure imgb0001
 where the factor A is in the range from 3.5 to 5.0. Elektrisches Schaltgerät nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, - dass der Faktor A einen Wert von 4,3 aufweist. Electrical switching device according to claim 2, characterized in - That the factor A has a value of 4.3. Elektrisches Schaltgerät nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, - dass das Isolierrohr (12) aus Polytetrafluoräthylen (PTFE) gefertigt ist. Electrical switching device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that - That the insulating tube (12) is made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Elektrisches Schaltgerät nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, - dass das Isolierrohr (12) aus Keramik gefertigt ist. Electrical switching device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that - That the insulating tube (12) is made of ceramic. Elektrisches Schaltgerät nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, - dass das Isolierrohr (12) zylindrisch oder sich dem gegenüberliegenden Kontakt zu trichterförmig öffnend oder mit einem sich radial erstreckenden Kragen (20) ausgebildet ist. Electrical switching device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that - That the insulating tube (12) is cylindrical or the opposite contact to funnel-shaped opening or with a radially extending collar (20). Elektrisches Schaltgerät nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, - dass das Isolierrohr (12) im ausgeschalteten Zustand des Schaltgeräts über eine Oberfläche (13) der Kontaktanordnung nicht oder nur geringfügig herausragt. Electrical switching device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in - That the insulating tube (12) does not protrude or only protrudes slightly over a surface (13) of the contact arrangement when the switching device is switched off. Elektrisches Schaltgerät nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, - dass als elektrisches Schaltgerät ein Trennschalter, ein Schnellerdungsschalter oder ein Lastschalter vorgesehen ist. Electrical switching device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in - That an isolating switch, a fast earthing switch or a load switch is provided as the electrical switching device. Elektrisches Schaltgerät nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, - dass als elektrisches Schaltgerät ein Leistungsschalter vorgesehen ist. Electrical switching device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that - That a circuit breaker is provided as an electrical switching device.
EP96810787A 1995-11-24 1996-11-14 Electric switching device Withdrawn EP0776021A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE1995143815 DE19543815A1 (en) 1995-11-24 1995-11-24 Electrical switching device
DE19543815 1995-11-24

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EP1895558A1 (en) * 2006-08-30 2008-03-05 Areva T&D Sa Electrical device in a metal casing comprising a particulate trap
KR101153915B1 (en) * 2004-12-21 2012-06-11 에이비비 테크놀로지 아게 Contact system for an electrical switching device

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DE4204529A1 (en) 1992-02-15 1993-08-19 Asea Brown Boveri DISCONNECTOR FOR A METAL-ENCLOSED GAS-INSULATED HIGH-VOLTAGE SYSTEM
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EP1569313A1 (en) * 2004-02-27 2005-08-31 ABB Technology AG High Voltage apparatus with particle trap
US7262362B2 (en) 2004-02-27 2007-08-28 Abb Technology Ag High voltage device with a particle trap
KR101153915B1 (en) * 2004-12-21 2012-06-11 에이비비 테크놀로지 아게 Contact system for an electrical switching device
CN101128896B (en) * 2004-12-21 2012-10-03 Abb技术有限公司 Contact system for an electrical switching device
EP1895558A1 (en) * 2006-08-30 2008-03-05 Areva T&D Sa Electrical device in a metal casing comprising a particulate trap
FR2905515A1 (en) * 2006-08-30 2008-03-07 Areva T & D Sa METALLIC ENVELOPE ELECTRICAL DEVICE COMPRISING A PARTICLE TRAP.

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EP0776021A3 (en) 1998-09-09

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