EP1066592A2 - Carte a puce a interface polyvalente - Google Patents

Carte a puce a interface polyvalente

Info

Publication number
EP1066592A2
EP1066592A2 EP99917864A EP99917864A EP1066592A2 EP 1066592 A2 EP1066592 A2 EP 1066592A2 EP 99917864 A EP99917864 A EP 99917864A EP 99917864 A EP99917864 A EP 99917864A EP 1066592 A2 EP1066592 A2 EP 1066592A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
protocol
microprocessor
contacts
user card
card
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP99917864A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jean Marc Sarat
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gemplus SA
Original Assignee
Gemplus Card International SA
Gemplus SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US09/048,009 external-priority patent/US6151647A/en
Priority claimed from US09/048,010 external-priority patent/US6199128B1/en
Application filed by Gemplus Card International SA, Gemplus SA filed Critical Gemplus Card International SA
Publication of EP1066592A2 publication Critical patent/EP1066592A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
    • G06K19/0772—Physical layout of the record carrier
    • G06K19/07733—Physical layout of the record carrier the record carrier containing at least one further contact interface not conform ISO-7816
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/0008—General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/0013—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by galvanic contacts, e.g. card connectors for ISO-7816 compliant smart cards or memory cards, e.g. SD card readers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/0013—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by galvanic contacts, e.g. card connectors for ISO-7816 compliant smart cards or memory cards, e.g. SD card readers
    • G06K7/0086—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by galvanic contacts, e.g. card connectors for ISO-7816 compliant smart cards or memory cards, e.g. SD card readers the connector comprising a circuit for steering the operations of the card connector
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
    • G06K7/10297—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves arrangements for handling protocols designed for non-contact record carriers such as RFIDs NFCs, e.g. ISO/IEC 14443 and 18092

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed to microprocessor-based user cards, commonly known as “smart cards”, and more particularly to a smart card that is capable of communicating with a variety of external devices using different protocols that are respectively associated with the various devices.
  • each system which employs smart cards contains two fundamental components, namely the smart cards themselves and an interface device, commonly known as a reader.
  • the smart cards are carried by the users of the system, and include a memory which stores information that is pertinent to the user's interaction with the system.
  • each smart card may contain the balance in an account maintained by the user, as well as details of account transactions.
  • the smart cards also include microprocessors, which provide for an increased level of security over the information stored in the cards.
  • the incorporation of microprocessors into the cards also enhances their flexibility, for instance by facilitating the storage of executable programs in the cards that can be used to provide expanded functionality.
  • the readers communicate with the cards in a secure manner to access the information stored therein.
  • the card is inserted into a slot in the reader, which brings electrical contacts in the reader into engagement with mating contacts on the exterior of the card.
  • the engaged contacts enable a microcontroller in the reader to communicate with the memory and/or microprocessor in the card.
  • the reader is connected to a peripheral device that is associated with the particular type of system into which the reader is incorporated.
  • the reader might be connected to an electronic lock that permits a door to be opened.
  • the reader could be incorporated into an automatic teller machine.
  • a set of standard specifications has been developed.
  • One of the common standards that applies to smart cards and readers is ISO 7816, promulgated by the International Standards Organization. This standard provides specifications for the location of the electrical contacts on the exterior of the cards, as well as the functions of the electrical signals that are present at the respective contacts. In this regard, the standard provides for up to eight electrical contacts, although specific signals are defined for only five of these contacts.
  • the standard also contains specifications for the power-up, or initialization, procedure that is carried out when a card is first inserted into the reader, and the protocol for communicating between the card and the reader.
  • a conventional card reader can turn out to be a relatively expensive item of equipment.
  • the ISO standard requires that different respective signals be applied to the five designated contacts on the card in a specific sequence at predetermined times during the power-up procedure.
  • the reader must include a controller which supervises the application and timing of these signals, thereby adding to its cost.
  • a smart card that is compatible with multiple different protocols.
  • such a card is fully compatible with the protocols of the ISO standard and another, non-ISO, standard.
  • One of the contacts of the card which is not designated by the standard is used to indicate whether the card is to operate in the ISO-standard mode, or in another mode.
  • the card operates in the conventional ISO-standard mode.
  • the presence of a predetermined signal provides an indication that the card is to operate in the non-ISO mode.
  • a different start-up procedure can be employed which does not require the strict timing constraints associated with the ISO mode of operation.
  • the non-ISO mode can be one that is associated with standard communication protocols that are used in personal computers, such as PS/2, USB and the like.
  • An interface device which communicates with a multiprotocol smart card can be connected to any bus of the computer which operates in accordance with the desired non-ISO protocol.
  • PS/2 for example, the interface device can be connected between the keyboard and the CPU of the computer system. Whenever a smart card is inserted into such an interface device, it communicates with both the CPU and the keyboard in accordance with the PS/2 protocol.
  • the applications of the multi-protocol card are not limited to communications with personal computers. Due to the flexibility and functionality offered by smart cards that have microprocessors incorporated therein, the multiprotocol smart card can be used to drive, or otherwise communicate with, any of a variety of peripheral devices, whether or not a personal computer is present in the system.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a personal computer system which is configured to operate with a smart card
  • Figure 2 is a plan view of a smart card and a reader
  • Figure 3A is a more detailed view of the electronic components of a conventional smart card
  • Figure 3B is a detailed view of the electronic components of a smart card in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a flowchart of the general mode of operation of the present invention
  • Figure 5A is a block diagram of a reader that conforms to the ISO standard
  • Figure 5B is a schematic diagram of an interface device in accordance with the present invention
  • Figure 6 is a block diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a block diagram of a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG 1 is an illustration of a conventional personal computer system which is configured to operate with a smart card.
  • the computer system might include a central processing unit (CPU) 10 and the basic input and output devices that are employed by the user to interact with programs being executed by the CPU, such as a keyboard 12 and a monitor 14.
  • the system shown in Figure 1 includes a smart card reader 16 as another peripheral device.
  • the reader conforms to the ISO standard, and the exchange of information between a smart card and the reader is carried out in accordance with a protocol established by that standard.
  • the reader can be connected to the CPU via a standard input output port, such as an RS232 serial port.
  • the structure of the reader might be incorporated into the housing for the CPU or the keyboard, which would then include an appropriate slot for insertion of the smart card.
  • the smart card can be used to control access to the personal computer. For instance, before the user is allowed to run a particular program or open a sensitive file, he or she may be required to insert his or her personal smart card into the reader 16 and enter a password via the keyboard 12. In a known manner, the smart card and the reader communicate with one another to authenticate the password, and thereafter authorize the computer to operate in the manner commanded by the user. In a more sophisticated application, the smart card might include one or more personalized software programs which can be executed by the microprocessor in the smart card and interact with the CPU, such as an electronic banking program.
  • a smart card that is capable of operating in a mode other than that which is defined by the ISO standard.
  • a smart card which can operate in accordance with the PS/2 protocol would be capable of communicating directly with the keyboard 12, without the intervention of the CPU, and thereby provide a more secure path for the transfer of personalized data, such as a password.
  • an ISO-compliant reader would not be required, thereby reducing the cost required to configure the computer to work with a smart card.
  • the smart card is capable of selectively operating in both a normal ISO-compliant mode, and at least one non- ISO mode, to optimize its utility.
  • the smart card can be used with established systems that are commonly associated with ISO readers, such as building access control, electronic banking transactions, and the like.
  • it can also be used for other, less frequently employed features, such as to gain access to a protected personal computer.
  • a smart card 18 is a user card made of plastic or other suitable material, similar to a common credit card, and having a number of electrical contacts 20 on one exterior surface thereof.
  • an electronic memory 22 Embedded within the structure of the card is an electronic memory 22 and, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, a microprocessor 24.
  • the memory 22 and microprocessor 24 are shown offset from the contacts 20, but in practice they can be located directly beneath the contacts.
  • the dimensions of the card 18, and the arrangement and location of the contacts 20, are determined by applicable standards.
  • the particular card shown in Figure 2 has eight such contacts, although cards with only six contacts also comply with known standards.
  • the reader 16 has a slot 26 that is appropriately dimensioned to receive the card 18.
  • the bottom of the slot has a switch 28, or other form of sensor, to detect when the card is fully inserted into the slot.
  • the interior surface of the slot has a set of mating contacts (not shown), which engage corresponding contacts 20 on the card when it is fully inserted.
  • the sensor detects that a card is completely inserted into the slot 26 of the reader, it sends a signal which causes the reader to initiate a power-up procedure, described in detail hereinafter.
  • FIG. 3A An expanded view of the contacts 20 on the smart card, and their connection to the internal microprocessor 24 of the card, is illustrated in Figure 3A.
  • the ISO standard specifies the particular type of signal that is associated with five of the eight contacts. These signals include power (Vcc), ground, reset, clock and input/output. The other three contacts are not assigned to any signal, and therefore are not used under the ISO protocol.
  • Each of the contacts 20 is connected to the microprocessor 24 by means of a pull-up resistor 30, so that, in the absence of a signal at a given contact, the input signal to the microprocessor 24 is at a logical high level. Hence, the signals at the three unassigned contacts always remain at the logic high level.
  • a microcontroller within the reader applies the appropriate signals to the contacts 20 of the card, in a predetermined order specified by the ISO standard. Specifically, the standard requires that the ground reference potential be connected first, followed by the Vcc power supply voltage. Once the power is connected in this sequence, the clock signal is provided, and then a reset signal is applied. Thereafter, communications between the reader and the internal components 22, 24 of the card 18 are carried out via the I/O contact.
  • one or more of the unassigned contacts is used to expand the functionality of the smart card, by enabling it to operate in accordance with non-ISO protocols.
  • Figure 3B illustrates a first embodiment of the contact assignment for a smart card having multi-protocol capabilities.
  • a sixth contact 32 functions as a mode indicator.
  • the mode input signal to the card's microprocessor 24 is at a logic high level, as in the normal case. The microprocessor therefore operates in accordance with the standard ISO protocol.
  • the functionality of the mode contact also permits the card to be operated in accordance with a different type of protocol.
  • the card is used with an interface device that applies a "non-ISO" mode signal to the mode contact 32.
  • the non-ISO mode signal would therefore be a logic low signal.
  • the interface device might connect the mode contact 32 directly to the ground reference potential that is also supplied to the GND contact.
  • the microprocessor 24 switches its mode of operation, to communicate in accordance with a predefined protocol other than the standard ISO protocol.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a flow chart which depicts the operation of a smart card in accordance with the first embodiment of the invention.
  • the microprocessor 24 when the card is fully inserted into the interface device, the microprocessor 24 is first powered up, and a reset signal is then applied from the interface device. In response to the reset signal, the microprocessor performs a standard initialization routine, and then checks the status of the input signal at the mode contact. If the mode signal is at a logic high level, this indicates that the card has been inserted in an ISO-compliant reader, and consequently the microprocessor 24 communicates via the I/O channel using the standard ISO protocol. If, however, the logic signal at the mode contact has been pulled low, the card's microprocessor communicates via the I/O channel using a non-ISO protocol, such as PS/2, USB or I2C, for example.
  • a non-ISO protocol such as PS/2, USB or I2C, for example.
  • Figure 5A illustrates a reader that conforms to the ISO standard. That standard requires that each of the respective signals be applied to the five designated contacts of the card in a predetermined order, and with strictly controlled timing, during the power-up procedure.
  • the reader 16 includes a microcontroller 34 which receives, as input signals, the Vcc and ground power signals, as well as a clock signal that is derived from a crystal oscillator 36, or the like. Depending upon the particular application, the microcontroller might receive data signals that are provided from an external source.
  • the microcontroller 34 also receives a signal from the sensor 28, which indicates when the card 18 is fully inserted into the slot 26 in the reader. In response to this signal, the microcontroller controls the application of the respective signals to each of the five assigned contacts of the card.
  • the timing requirements associated with the power-up procedure are not as rigid, and therefore a more conventional initialization circuit can be employed.
  • the reset signal can be generated by a simple RC timing circuit, as illustrated in Figure 5B. Upon receipt of a signal from the sensor 28, the RC timing circuit is actuated to apply a reset pulse to the appropriate contact 20 after a period of time that is determined by its timing constant.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the layout of the contacts that are present in this bus. These signal lines include the two power lines associated with the ground reference potential and a positive voltage, e.g. 5 volts. The other two lines constitute an input/output path for data signals, and a path for the data rate clock.
  • the adapter for the smart card is connected to the keyboard bus in the manner illustrated in Figure 6.
  • the two power lines are directly connected to the corresponding contacts of the adapter.
  • the clock line of the keyboard bus is connected to one of the three terminals that are not designated according to the ISO standard.
  • the clock signal which appears on the keyboard bus is different from the clock signal that is applied to the internal microprocessor 24 of the card.
  • the clock which is applied to the microprocessor is one which controls the overall operation associated with the microprocessor, and is labeled CLK M .
  • This clock signal is applied to the usual clock terminal, by means of an oscillator 36 within the adapter, for example.
  • the clock signal CLK D which is obtained from the keyboard bus pertains to the rate at which data is transmitted over the I/O channel of the bus. Since this clock signal is not defined in the ISO standard, it is applied to one of the unassigned contact terminals.
  • a switch 38 is inserted in the I/O channel of the keyboard bus, to permit this channel to be opened whenever a card is inserted in the adapter. To this end, the switch is responsive to the sensor 28 which detects that the card is fully inserted into the adapter. In an exemplary embodiment, the switch can be mechanically opened by the card itself.
  • the I/O channel on one side of the switch is connected to the normal I/O terminal of the smart card, which is labelled I/Oi .
  • Another one of the normally unassigned terminals of the card constitutes a second I/O contact, and is connected to the I/O channel of the bus that is on the other side of the switch.
  • data is bidirectionally transmitted between the keyboard and the CPU over the bus I/O channel, in a normal fashion, with the switch closed.
  • the data passes through the two I/O terminals on the card.
  • the smart card can operate in a passive mode or an active mode. In a passive mode, the data is simply transferred between the two I/O terminals, without disturbance. In an active mode, the microprocessor 24 in the card can receive data transmitted by either the CPU or the keyboard, and likewise can transmit data to either or both of these devices.
  • the direct connection between the smart card and each of the CPU and the keyboard provides a secure channel for the transfer of sensitive data. For example, in a situation where the user enters his or her password via the keyboard, that data is transmitted directly to the smart card, without going to the CPU. Once the proper password has been entered, the functionality provided by the smart card can then be employed in connection with the personal computer. For example, electronic banking transactions can be carried out in connection with account information that is securely stored in the smart card. From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that the ability to operate the smart card in accordance with different protocols permits the smart card to be used in connection with a variety of different types of peripheral devices. While the embodiment of Figure 6 comprises a system that includes a personal computer with a keyboard, it is not necessary that an external CPU be present.
  • the smart card could be used with standalone devices, such as a PIN pad for entering passwords, a display device, or a modem.
  • the peripheral device include an I/O channel and a data clock which can be accessed by the smart card, as in the embodiment of Figure 6.
  • Figure 7 illustrates an embodiment in which the smart card is used to control a terminal which essentially comprises a keyboard and a display. All of the functionality that is needed to operate the terminal is contained within the smart card itself.
  • One I/O contact of the smart card is used for bidirectional communications with the keyboard, and the other I/O contact functions to drive the display.
  • a particular advantage of this arrangement resides in the fact that executable programs, such as applets written in the JAVA programming language, can be downloaded into the smart card, and then used to control the terminal to provide a variety of different functions. Since the JAVA programming language is not platform specific, the terminal need not be uniquely associated with a given card. Rather, terminals from a variety of different manufacturers can be operated with the same card. This type of operation provides additional security as well. Since all of the operations of the terminal are managed by the card itself, there is no need to provide any form of intelligence within the terminal itself, or to store any secure type of information therein. Furthermore, while the multi-protocol card offers this expanded range of functionality, it still remains compatible with the ISO standard, and therefore can be used for conventional smart card applications.
  • the mode signal is a persistent signal that is continuously present at a dedicated mode contact.
  • a temporary signal which can be generated at any time to cause the card to switch from one protocol to another.
  • This mode signal might be defined, for example, as the existence of a predetermined potential difference between two or more card contacts.
  • the card when the card is inserted in a card reader or an adapter, after being powered up it begins to operate according to the ISO protocol, by default. As part of its run-time operation, it regularly checks the status of the contacts to which the mode signal is to be applied. If the predetermined potential difference is detected between these contacts, the card microprocessor switches from the ISO protocol to the non-ISO protocol. The card then remains in this mode of operation until it is powered down, e.g. it is removed from the reader or adapter.
  • One particular advantage of this embodiment is the fact that, since the mode change signal need only be of temporary duration, the contacts which are employed to transmit this signal to the card's microprocessor can be used for other functions at other times. In other words, it is not necessary that a contact be dedicated exclusively to the mode signal. Rather, all of the card's contacts can be used for other signals once the card has switched from the ISO mode to the non- ISO protocol.
  • the contacts which are selected to transmit the mode change signal are normally employed for other signals during the ISO mode of operation, it may be the case that the predetermined potential difference could temporarily occur as part of the normal signaling process.
  • the predetermined potential difference must be present for a minimum length of time which is greater than that which would be encountered during normal operation.
  • the card microprocessor can initiate a timer operation. After the minimum length of time has passed, the status of the contacts is again checked and, if the predetermined potential difference is still present, the microprocessor switches to the non-ISO protocol.
  • the mode contact 32 can indicate whether the card is to operate pursuant to the ISO protocol or a non-ISO protocol. If a non-ISO protocol is to be used, data provided over one of the I/O channels can identify any one of a plurality of different protocols to be used with the adapter in the non-ISO mode.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Information Transfer Systems (AREA)
  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une carte à puce compatible avec plusieurs protocoles différents, la carte à puce comprenant un ensemble de contacts normalisés conformes aux protocoles d'une norme publiée et un autre contact non désigné par la norme et qui est utilisé pour indiquer si la carte doit fonctionner en mode hors norme. Lorsque la carte doit fonctionner en mode hors norme, on utilise un procédé simple de mise en service, ce procédé ne nécessitant pas de contraintes de temps strictes, ce qui permet d'utiliser une interface moins coûteuse. Le dispositif d'interface peut être connecté à n'importe quel bus d'un ordinateur fonctionnant conformément à un protocole hors norme voulu. Grâce à la flexibilité et à la fonctionnalité offertes par les cartes à puce comprenant des microprocesseurs incorporés, on peut utiliser la carte à puce à protocoles multiples pour piloter ou communiquer d'une autre manière avec n'importe lequel de plusieurs dispositifs périphériques, qu'un ordinateur personnel soit présent ou non dans le système.
EP99917864A 1998-03-26 1999-03-17 Carte a puce a interface polyvalente Withdrawn EP1066592A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US48010 1998-03-26
US48009 1998-03-26
US09/048,009 US6151647A (en) 1998-03-26 1998-03-26 Versatile interface smart card
US09/048,010 US6199128B1 (en) 1998-03-26 1998-03-26 Smart card system for use with peripheral devices
PCT/EP1999/002051 WO1999049415A2 (fr) 1998-03-26 1999-03-17 Carte a puce a interface polyvalente

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1066592A2 true EP1066592A2 (fr) 2001-01-10

Family

ID=26725699

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99917864A Withdrawn EP1066592A2 (fr) 1998-03-26 1999-03-17 Carte a puce a interface polyvalente

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1066592A2 (fr)
JP (1) JP2003532936A (fr)
CN (1) CN1326573A (fr)
AU (1) AU3599899A (fr)
CA (1) CA2325902A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999049415A2 (fr)

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AU3599899A (en) 1999-10-18
JP2003532936A (ja) 2003-11-05

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