EP1066486B1 - Verfahren zum verbrennen von abfall und verbrennungsanlage dafür - Google Patents

Verfahren zum verbrennen von abfall und verbrennungsanlage dafür Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1066486B1
EP1066486B1 EP98914835A EP98914835A EP1066486B1 EP 1066486 B1 EP1066486 B1 EP 1066486B1 EP 98914835 A EP98914835 A EP 98914835A EP 98914835 A EP98914835 A EP 98914835A EP 1066486 B1 EP1066486 B1 EP 1066486B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion zone
combustion
fluidized
furnace
grate
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98914835A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1066486A1 (de
Inventor
Joergen Vitus Nielsen
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Babcock and Wilcox Volund AS
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Babcock and Wilcox Volund AS
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/20—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having rotating or oscillating drums
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/30—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a fluidised bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/001—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals for sludges or waste products from water treatment installations

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an incinerator, said incinerator being of the kind set forth in the preamble of claim 1, and a method of incinerating waste material, said method being of the kind set forth in the preamble of claim 7.
  • the first combustion zone is used to carry out an amount of incineration work per unit time below and up to a maximum determined by its capacity
  • the second zone is used to deal with peak loads beyond the capacity of the first zone
  • rotary kilns are rather costly and require considerable space as well as means to support them for rotation, and cannot quickly be adjusted to adapt to changes in the load, i.e. the amount per unit time and nature of the material to be treated after the initial processing in the first combustion zone.
  • An ash-burning vibratory conveyor is probably considerably less costly and more adaptable than a rotary kiln, but - like the latter - it suffers from the disadvantage of having moving mechanical parts subjected to high temperatures.
  • the European patent specification No. 280,091 discloses a method of incinerating waste material, said method being of the kind comprising the following steps:
  • the fluidizing gas may be used as a vehicle for effecting adjustments of the combustion process taking place in the second combustion zone. It is e.g. possible to vary the intensity of combustion by varying the volume per unit time of the fluidizing gas and /or its composition by varying the percentage of e.g. oxygen, carbon dioxide or nitrogen.
  • Another advantage of a fluidized-bed furnace is that - at least in principle - it comprises no moving parts with the exception of the particles of the fluidized bed itself, and it can also be constructed at a relatively low cost as compared to a vibratory ash-burning conveyor and - not least - a rotary kiln.
  • the present invention also relates to a method of incinerating waste material.
  • This method is of the kind set forth in the preamble of claim 7, and according to the invention it also comprises the features set forth in the characterizing clause of this claim 7.
  • the incinerator shown in Figures 1 and 2 comprises the following well-known components:
  • the boiler 4 and the flue-gas cleaner 5 are shown in "block-diagram" form, as they can be constructed in any suitable manner, known or unknown, to fulfil their functions.
  • the problem referred to above is solved by, in addition to the first combustion zone represented by the space above the grate 3, providing a second combustion zone.
  • previous incinerators have comprised rotary kilns or ash-burning vibratory conveyors as active parts of the second combustion zone.
  • the active component of this second zone is constituted by a fluidized-bed furnace 6, preferably of the type comprising a body of sand or similar refractory particulate material constantly agitated by suitable means (not shown), such as jets of gas that may be heated or combustible to produce heat within the furnace 6.
  • the sand in the fluidized-bed furnace 6 is not only being constantly agitated by fluidizing gas, that may be air, through a plenum 17 and the perforated bottom of the furnace 6, but is also preferably kept in constant circulation by e.g. a lifting conveyor 18, partly through the fluidized bed itself, partly through a separator 7 having an outlet 8 for ashes and/or slag, the sand being returned to the bed.
  • fluidizing gas that may be air
  • a lifting conveyor 18 partly through the fluidized bed itself, partly through a separator 7 having an outlet 8 for ashes and/or slag, the sand being returned to the bed.
  • the sand in the fluidized bed itself moves in an upstream direction, i.e. towards the place, where material from the grate 3 falls onto the bed.
  • the grate droppings are conveyed in a downstream direction to the fluidized-bed furnace 6 by means of a conveyor, in the exemplary embodiment shown as a worm conveyor 10, but other types of conveyors could, of course, be used, such as grate-belt conveyors, scraper conveyors, of the dry or wet type, or simply an inclined chute or skid.
  • a conveyor in the exemplary embodiment shown as a worm conveyor 10, but other types of conveyors could, of course, be used, such as grate-belt conveyors, scraper conveyors, of the dry or wet type, or simply an inclined chute or skid.
  • the incinerator shown in Figure 1 comprises a number of auxiliary inlets, i.e.
  • the first, second and third auxiliary inlets 11, 12 and 13, respectively, are mainly intended for the introduction of sludge, such as sewage sludge, into the incinerator.
  • sludge such as sewage sludge
  • Which of these three auxiliary inlets to choose for this purpose will in each case depend on the operating conditions, such as the quality and quantity of the "normal" waste material being introduced to the inlet chute, as well as on the quality, such as combustibility and water content, and quantity of the sludge to be incinerated. If, for instance, the temperature on the grate 3 is very high, the heat present here can be exploited to evaporate water from sludge being introduced through the second auxiliary inlet 12, at the same time lowering the temperature to an acceptable operating level. The same applies to the third auxiliary inlet 13 in relation to the fluidized-bed furnace 6.
  • the second auxiliary inlet 12 may be used for introducing waste material that for some reason or other is considered unsuitable for feeding through the chute 1.
  • waste material could comprise waste material from hospitals etc., as well as sludge of various types.
  • the exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 3 uses a rotary kiln 14 as the active part of the first combustion zone.
  • a rotary kiln 14 instead of the furnace chamber 2 of Figure 1 with the grate 3 and the space 9 with the conveyor 10 makes these latter components superfluous, and an auxiliary inlet corresponding to the second auxiliary inlet 12 is simply not possible.
  • the exemplary embodiment of Figure 3 corresponds to that of Figure 1, and its way of functioning should need no further explanation.
  • this problem can be avoided by providing the flue-gas cleaner 5 with an exhaust fan 15 adapted to keep the pressure in the spaces upstream of it below atmospheric.
  • the cleaner 5 also comprises an outlet 16 for dust separated from the flue gas.
  • the first and second combustion systems in combination can be fed with a full variety of municipal and industrial waste types, e.g. completely filled waste bags, solid waste of similar bulk size, shredded waste, sludges, hospital waste, waste oil and bio-fuels, and at the same time it can be ensured that the slag and/or ashes discharged from the incinerator after combustion will have a content of unbumt matter typically below 0.5%.
  • Municipal and industrial waste types e.g. completely filled waste bags, solid waste of similar bulk size, shredded waste, sludges, hospital waste, waste oil and bio-fuels

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Abfall-Verbrennungsofen mit:
    a) einer Einlassrinne (1) oder äquivalenten Nuten zum Einführen von Abfallmaterial, welches verbrannt werden soll, wobei diese Einlassrinne (1)
    b) eine erste Verbrennungszone (2, 3; 14) beliefert mit Mitteln für das Lagern des zu verbrennenden Materials und mit Mitteln (4), wie beispielsweise einem Kessel zum Abziehen der Hitze der Verbrennung in den durch die Verbrennung produzierten Gasen, und
    c) einer zweiten Verbrennungszone (6), welche angepasst ist, um feste Rückstände von der ersten Verbrennungszone (2, 3; 14) zu erhalten und diese zu verbrennen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    d) die zweite Verbrennungszone einen Wirbelschichtofen (6) aufweist,
    e) der Wirbelschichtofen (6) eine Füllung aus bruchstückhaftem partikelartigen Material, wie beispielsweise Sand, beinhaltet und mit Mitteln zum Umwälzen dieses partikelartigen Materials ausgestattet ist und zum Kreisenlassen des Materials durch einen Kreis, welcher den Ofen (6) selbst aufweist und einen Separator (7) zum Abscheiden von anderem Material, wie beispielsweise Asche und/oder Schlacke und/oder anderer unverbrennbarer Materie, von dem partikelartigen Material, und zum Entfernen (8) des anderen Materials aus dem Kreis (6, 7), und
    f) der Wirbelschichtofen (6) so angeordnet ist, dass das partikelartige Material in dem Ofen selbst sich in einer Richtung in Richtung der ersten Verbrennungszone bewegt und in Richtung der Stelle, wo das Material von der ersten Verbrennungszone auf die Schicht fällt, so dass große Objekte direkt nachdem sie auf die Schicht gefallen sind, entfernt werden können.
  2. Abfall-Verbrennungsofen nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Verbrennungszone einen Drehofen (14) aufweist, welcher angepasst ist, um zu ermöglichen oder zu verursachen, dass das zu verbrennende Material sich in Richtung des Wirbelschichtofens (6) bewegt.
  3. Abfall-Verbrennungsofen nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Verbrennungszone eine Ofenkammer (2) mit einem Gitterrost (3) aufweist, welcher in Stromabwärtsrichtung nach unten geneigt ist oder auf andere Art und Weise angepasst ist, zu ermöglichen oder zu verursachen, dass das Material, welches verbrannt werden soll, sich in Richtung des Wirbelschichtofens (6) bewegt.
  4. Abfall-Verbrennungsofen nach Anspruch 3, gekennzeichnet durch Mittel (10) in dem Raum (9) unterhalb des Gitterrosts (3) zum Befördern oder Ermöglichen einer Bewegung von Material, welches durch Öffnungen in den Gitterrost gefallen ist, in Richtung des Wirbelschichtofens (6).
  5. Abfall-Verbrennungsofen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, gekennzeichnet durch zumindest einen Hilfseinlass (11, 12, 13), welcher angepasst ist, fließbares Material, wie beispielsweise Schlamm, entweder (11) in die Rinne (1) und/oder (12) oberhalb der ersten Verbrennungszone (2, 3) und/oder (13) oberhalb des Wirbelschichtofens (6) einzuführen.
  6. Abfall-Verbrennungsofen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, gekennzeichnet durch Mittel (15), um den Druck innerhalb der ersten und zweiten Verbrennungszone und in Räumen, die direkt damit kommunizieren, unterhalb des Drucks in der umgebenden Atmosphäre zu halten.
  7. Verfahren zur Verbrennung von Abfallmaterial mit den folgenden Schritten:
    a) Einführen des Abfallmaterials in eine erste Verbrennungszone (2, 3; 14) und Verbrennen des Materials darin,
    b) Hindurchführen von gasförmigen Verbrennungsprodukten von der ersten Verbrennungszone (2, 3; 14) durch Hitzeaustauschmittel (4) und Entfernen von verbleibenden Feststoffen von der ersten Verbrennungszone (2, 3; 14),
    c) Übertragen der verbleibenden Feststoffe in eine zweite Verbrennungszone (6),
    d) weiteres Verbrennen der verbleibenden Feststoffe aus der ersten Verbrennungszone (2, 3; 14) in der zweiten Verbrennungszone (6), und
    e) aus der zweiten Verbrennungszone (6)
    e1) Führen von gasförmigen Verbrennungsprodukten durch das Wärmetauschmittel (4), und
    e2) Entfernen von Feststoffen, welche nach dieser weiteren Verbrennung verbleiben,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    f) für die zweite Verbrennungszone ein Wirbelschichtofen (6) verwendet wird, welcher Partikel aus bruchstückhaftem Material, wie beispielsweise Sand, beinhaltet,
    g) diese Partikel kontinuierlich zusammen mit Asche und/oder Schlacke aus diesem Wirbelschichtofen herausbewegt werden durch Mittel (7) zum Abtrennen der Asche und/oder Schlacke von den Partikeln, und dass die letzteren zu dem Wirbelschichtofen (6) zurückgeführt werden, und
    h) dass die Partikel in dem Wirbelschichtofen (6) so bewegt werden, dass das partikelartige Material in dem Wirbelschichtofen selbst sich in einer Richtung in Richtung der ersten Verbrennungszone (2, 3; 14) bewegt und in Richtung der Stelle, wo das Material von der ersten Verbrennungszone auf die Schicht fällt, so dass große Objekte entfernt werden können, direkt nachdem sie auf die Schicht gefallen sind.
  8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, gekennzeichnet durch
    a) Verwenden des Ofens mit einem Gitterrost (3) für die erste Verbrennungszone, und
    b) Verwenden von Mitteln unterhalb des Gitterrosts (3) zum Aufnehmen von Material, welches durch die Öffnungen in dem Gitterrost fällt, und zum Befördern dieses Materials zu der zweiten Verbrennungszone (6).
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, gekennzeichnet durch die Verwendung eines Drehofens (14) für die erste Verbrennungszone.
  10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 9, gekennzeichnet durch das Einführen von Material, welches nicht geeignet ist für eine Verbrennung in der ersten Verbrennungszone (2, 3; 14) direkt in die zweite Verbrennungszone (6).
  11. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 10 mit dem Verbrennen von fließendem wasserhaltigem Material, wie beispielsweise Abwasserschlamm oder Schlamm aus industriellen Vorgängen, gekennzeichnet durch das Einführen des fließenden Materials auf eine Art und Weise, die
    a) das Hineinfließen von Feststoffen in die erste Verbrennungszone (2, 3; 14) erleichtert, und/oder
    b) die Temperatur auf dem Gitterrost (3) senkt, und/oder
    c) die Temperatur in dem Wirbelschichtofen (6) senkt.
  12. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 11, gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass der Druck innerhalb der ersten und zweiten Verbrennungszone und in Räumen, die direkt damit in Verbindung stehen, unterhalb des Drucks der umgebenden Atmosphäre gehalten wird.
EP98914835A 1998-03-23 1998-03-23 Verfahren zum verbrennen von abfall und verbrennungsanlage dafür Expired - Lifetime EP1066486B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/DK1998/000112 WO1999049265A1 (en) 1998-03-23 1998-03-23 Method of incinerating waste material, and incinerator for carrying out the method

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EP1066486A1 EP1066486A1 (de) 2001-01-10
EP1066486B1 true EP1066486B1 (de) 2002-06-26

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EP (1) EP1066486B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE219829T1 (de)
AU (1) AU6918098A (de)
DE (1) DE69806273T2 (de)
DK (1) DK1066486T3 (de)
WO (1) WO1999049265A1 (de)

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AT410287B (de) * 2001-05-25 2003-03-25 Tribovent Verfahrensentwicklg Einrichtung zum pyrometallurgischen aufarbeiten von abfallstoffen
RU2481528C2 (ru) * 2011-02-10 2013-05-10 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Научно-технический центр Альтернативная энергетика" (ООО "НТЦ АЭ") Высокотемпературная установка для термической переработки твердых медицинских отходов

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JPS63194115A (ja) * 1987-02-04 1988-08-11 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd 焼却炉

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Publication number Publication date
DK1066486T3 (da) 2002-10-14
EP1066486A1 (de) 2001-01-10
WO1999049265A1 (en) 1999-09-30
DE69806273D1 (de) 2002-08-01
ATE219829T1 (de) 2002-07-15
DE69806273T2 (de) 2003-02-06
AU6918098A (en) 1999-10-18

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