EP1060052B1 - Device for working a surface, especially a lifting platform, and a method for operating such a device - Google Patents

Device for working a surface, especially a lifting platform, and a method for operating such a device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1060052B1
EP1060052B1 EP99913210A EP99913210A EP1060052B1 EP 1060052 B1 EP1060052 B1 EP 1060052B1 EP 99913210 A EP99913210 A EP 99913210A EP 99913210 A EP99913210 A EP 99913210A EP 1060052 B1 EP1060052 B1 EP 1060052B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
working
boom
blasting
superstructure
movement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99913210A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1060052A1 (en
Inventor
Georg Thierer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
JLG Industries Inc
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Liftlux Potain GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by Liftlux Potain GmbH filed Critical Liftlux Potain GmbH
Publication of EP1060052A1 publication Critical patent/EP1060052A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1060052B1 publication Critical patent/EP1060052B1/en
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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24CABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C3/00Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants
    • B24C3/02Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants characterised by the arrangement of the component assemblies with respect to each other
    • B24C3/06Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants characterised by the arrangement of the component assemblies with respect to each other movable; portable
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24CABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C3/00Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants
    • B24C3/02Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants characterised by the arrangement of the component assemblies with respect to each other
    • B24C3/06Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants characterised by the arrangement of the component assemblies with respect to each other movable; portable
    • B24C3/065Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants characterised by the arrangement of the component assemblies with respect to each other movable; portable with suction means for the abrasive and the waste material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for processing a surface, in particular an aerial work platform, according to the preamble of Claim 1 and a method for operating such a device.
  • Such a device is known from US 4,286,417.
  • a Device for cleaning surfaces of large objects with a movable jet basket is known from DE 36 29 623 C2.
  • Blasting basket are one or more blasting nozzles of a sandblasting device, such as they are known from AT E 151 678 T1 for the dust-free irradiation of Areas housed.
  • EP 0 511 636 A1 shows a device for positioning and guiding a tool, for example a cleaning tool for a Aircraft in which the orientation of the work equipment is controlled by sensors Stepper motors are carried out on swiveling and coupled to each other Support arms are attached.
  • Stepper motors are carried out on swiveling and coupled to each other Support arms are attached.
  • a similar arrangement from one another arranged and coupled with each other and motorized swivel Support arms are shown in WO 83/03071.
  • EP 0 665 085 A1 shows a device for surface treatment, in which the working medium by magnetic force on the surface to be machined is created.
  • the permanent magnets that apply the magnetic force are arranged on a carrier device for the work equipment.
  • the aerial work platform usually includes a motor-driven one Chassis on which a superstructure rotates about a vertical axis is arranged. On the uppercarriage it is around a horizontal axis swiveling boom arranged.
  • the boom is telescopic extendable and has at its end facing away from the guard Work equipment, a work platform or a work basket, for example a blasting basket, on.
  • the device can also be operated, for example, by scissors or Stamping platform to be formed on their facing the work equipment End forms a platform that the tool side end of the Cantilever corresponds.
  • the device is preferably arranged on a mobile base, in particular on one a fully lockable steering with one preferably steering angle on both sides of at least 90 ° mobile Pedestal arranged.
  • Working overhead blasting becomes the working tool by extending the platform in contact with the area to be worked brought during the feed and parallel shifting in particular done by moving the stage. This happens when blasting sideways Creating by moving or positioning the stage, whereas the Feed can be done in particular by lifting and lowering the stage.
  • the parallel shifted editing of the surface takes place again especially by moving the stage.
  • a multi-articulated boom is usually considered due to the number of joints a mechanical spatial Has overdetermination.
  • one or two-row brush seals come a vacuum seal or a magnetic force assisted seal, such as from known from DE 29 04 093 A1.
  • the application or pressing takes place of the work equipment to the surface to be processed via a swivel torque of the superstructure, which is about the vertical axis opposite the chassis is pivotable, or via sensor-controlled, multi-axis and on the Work equipment directly attacking drive systems.
  • This has the Disadvantage that either the application force is not exactly adjustable and is adjustable because the entire mass of the Upper carriage, the boom and the work basket are pivoted must, or the sensor-driven drive systems in the area of Work equipment is prone to failure. This means both the required tightness between work equipment and surface to be worked as well the required lifespan of the aerial work platform is not guaranteed.
  • the well-known aerial work platforms Machining operations on sensitive surfaces, such as do not clean or paint aircraft surfaces.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of a device for Working on a surface, especially an aerial work platform, To provide that has a long service life and with the the application force is adjustable with a high degree of constancy.
  • the object of a method for operating a to provide such an aerial work platform.
  • the procedure is supposed to in particular the traversing of a predefinable path on a surface higher order, in which the work equipment in constant system with the machined area.
  • the suspension is preferably formed by a fork-shaped suspension for the bell-shaped or basket-shaped working medium, the shaft of the fork-shaped suspension being freely rotatable about its longitudinal axis, for example by means of a tapered roller bearing.
  • limit switches By suitably attaching limit switches to the two axes of the suspension, when a predetermined swiveling angle of the working medium to the fork or the axis of the tapered roller bearing is reached the work equipment can be pivoted back into a basic position by means of appropriate drive means.
  • the basic position can be, for example, the position of the work equipment, in which the supply hoses and lines lead to the work equipment, for example to a blasting or spraying tool.
  • position sensors in particular angle sensors, can be arranged on the two axes of the suspension. which provide feedback to the control unit about the position of the two axes and thus about the orientation of the work equipment in relation to the surface to be worked. This can ensure that the application force acting on the suspension always acts essentially in a direction that includes a right angle with the surface to be worked.
  • the surface spanned by the fork of the suspension is preferably parallel to the surface to be machined or forms an acute angle with it of 0 ° to 30 °.
  • a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder, a spring with an adapted spring constant which is comparatively low in the working range or the like can be considered as a means for providing the application force.
  • a hydraulic cylinder can be operated alone or in cooperation with a hydraulic pressure accumulator. It can preferably be subjected to a constant and comparatively low pressure.
  • the energy storage effect can be achieved particularly easily due to the compressibility of the working medium.
  • the changes in distance resulting from the movement of the working medium along a predeterminable path on the surface to be machined are compensated for by the stroke of the means for providing the application force, in particular the pneumatic cylinder.
  • Several position switches can be arranged along the stroke path, in particular at the end positions and in a central position. Instead of or as an alternative to the position switches, which realize a discrete position detection, a continuous position detection of the stroke position of the energy accumulator can also be provided.
  • the work equipment or the suspension carrying it is by means of the first Drive means about two axes enclosing a right angle rotatably rotatable relative to the end of the boom near the work equipment, in particular, a first drive element of the first drive means rotates the Suspension around a first vertical axis and a second drive element the first drive means rotates the suspension around a first horizontal Axis.
  • the first drive element can additionally by another horizontal axis by means of a third drive element of the first Drive means can be rotated.
  • the first drive means serve a tracking of the means for providing the investor and are from the position information of the means for providing the application force controlled. Due to the pivotability of the work equipment relative to the The boom is both side machining and overhead machining Area possible, with changes in the distance between the Work equipment and the area to be processed by the means for Providing the investor to be balanced.
  • the funds for providing the Applying force and thus the work equipment or the suspension by means of second drive means that extend and retract telescopically Drive the boom opposite a superstructure by a second horizontal axis is rotatable, and which compared to a substructure, in particular a chassis, rotatable about a second vertical axis Drive the uppercarriage.
  • the second drive means can be controlled at least partially by the position information of the means for providing the application force. For example, in the case of lateral blasting, by controlling the movement of the extension and retraction of the boom and the rotation of the boom about the second horizontal axis relative to the superstructure, a path which can be predetermined by a control device can be traversed on the surface to be processed.
  • the distance between the end of the boom on the working medium side and the surface to be processed becomes so large that it can no longer be compensated for by the means for providing the application force, and corresponding position information of these means is sent to the control device is actuated, for example an end position switch the boom is adjusted by rotating the superstructure in relation to the substructure in the direction of the surface to be worked.
  • tracking can be carried out by rotating the boom about the second horizontal axis if the predetermined path is followed by controlling the extension and retraction of the boom and by rotating the superstructure relative to the substructure.
  • the movements caused by the second drive means are sensed, in particular the tracking movement is used as an input variable for uses the control of the movement of the working means along the predetermined path, for example to be able to carry out control corrections caused by the tracking movement and / or to to keep the web speed constant when working on the surface.
  • the first and second drive means can in particular be double acting pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders include.
  • such devices are, in particular, for processing ship hulls the processing of weld seams, usable or for removing paint or other layers or contaminants from aircraft.
  • the provision of two sequences offset by 90 ° ensures reliable removal of the waste materials resulting from the machining process, both with side blasting and with overhead blasting.
  • Lateral blasting in which the surface to be irradiated is at an angle of for example includes 90 ° to 45 ° with the footprint of the device, is essentially by extending and retracting the boom and by Control the usually hydraulic or electric driven The boom is rotated relative to the superstructure.
  • Overhead blasting where the area to be irradiated is at an angle for example 45 ° to 0 ° with the footprint of the device includes, essentially by extending and retracting the boom and by actuating them, which are also usually hydraulic or electrical driven rotary movement of the superstructure in relation to the substructure carried out. With both jet types, the means for Providing the investor with the tracking of the work equipment resulting changes in distance.
  • the work equipment is first applied to the surface to be worked, then along the surface of a predefinable path on the surface moves, and in doing so they move by moving along the path resulting changes in the distance between the work equipment and the area is compensated for by the means for providing the application force.
  • the movement along the predefinable path is usually carried out by Extending and retracting the boom and rotating the boom by one second horizontal axis opposite the superstructure or by turning of the superstructure around a second vertical axis opposite the substructure.
  • the movements are, for example, by a Programmable logic controller controlled, making automated any tracks can be traveled, for example meandering juxtaposed and essentially vertical and themselves overlapping sheets for cleaning a large area, for example a hull.
  • the programmable logic controller Control does not take on a direct control function for the system of the Work equipment on the surface to be worked. This is through the suspension of the work equipment, especially in connection with the Force storage of the means for providing the applied force accomplished.
  • the application force is preferably controlled by a pneumatic cylinder provided. As soon as this ends its Travel distance reached and a corresponding limit switch is actuated, or continuous position monitoring reaching the Signaled end position, are the means to provide a Tracking force by means of the first and / or second drive means.
  • FIG. 1 shows an aerial work platform 100 with a blasting basket for lateral blasting, which has a motor-driven chassis 101 and an uppercarriage 103 which is rotatable thereon about a second vertical axis 102 and on which a boom 104 which is pivotable about a second horizontal axis is arranged.
  • a hydraulic drive element 136 of the second drive means acts between the superstructure 103 and the boom 104.
  • the boom 104 can be extended telescopically and has a blasting basket 105 at its end facing away from the superstructure 103.
  • the fork 107 of the suspension of the blasting basket 105 and a third hydraulic drive element 108 of the first drive means which serves to track the means 318 for providing the application force as well as a pivoting movement of the blasting basket 105 about a further horizontal axis 333.
  • the illustrated lateral blasting can be carried out, for example, on surfaces to be machined which form an angle between 45 ° and 90 ° with the standing surface 106 of the aerial work platform 100.
  • the boom 104 is opposite the superstructure 103 by means of a first one Drive elements of the second drive means in the form of a hydraulic Cylinder 136 rotatable.
  • This rotating or swiveling movement also affects the cylinder 134, which is preferably used as a master cylinder for the third can serve hydraulic drive element 108, which in this Use case primarily as slave cylinder and only secondarily as independent third hydraulic drive element is used.
  • FIG. 2 shows an aerial work platform 100 with a blasting basket 205 at Overhead beams.
  • a blasting basket 205 at Overhead beams.
  • the fork 207 of the suspension in side view and the third Drive element 208 a second hydraulic drive element 209 of the first drive means, which is also like the third drive element 208, both a swiveling movement of the jet basket 205 - this time around a first horizontal axis 326 - as well as a tracking of the means 318 can serve to provide the application force.
  • Both drive elements 208, 209 are designed as double-acting hydraulic cylinders. As an alternative to this embodiment there are also double-acting ones pneumatic cylinders into consideration.
  • the overhead blasting will provided, for example, when the surface 311 to be machined also has the footprint 106 of the aerial work platform 100 has an angle of 0 ° to 45 ° includes.
  • the conical, shown in Figs. 1 and 2, for processing surface 311 open jet basket 105, 205 typically has a diameter of 1 m and a mass of 100 kg. All of that Device arranged on the working side end of the boom 104 a mass of about 500 kg. Sand, for example, serves as blasting material, Corundum or aluminum oxide or steel gravel. A possible one The application of these blasting baskets is the pretreatment of Ship hulls before painting.
  • the blasting basket 305 has a feed 313 for the blasting material and two, about 90 ° offsets 314 attached to the blasting basket 305.
  • the blasting basket 305 is free on fork 307 about a first horizontal axis 315 pivotally suspended.
  • the shaft of the fork 307 is on one Tapered roller bearing 316 around an almost vertical axis 316 'free pivotally suspended.
  • the fork 307 and the tapered roller bearing 316 realize the two, preferably a right angle including axes freely movable suspension of the blasting basket 305 at the end of the boom 304 near the blasting basket.
  • the tapered roller bearing 316 is an angular element with the piston 317 of the pneumatic cylinder 318 connected.
  • the storage of the Piston 317 or the piston rod of the pneumatic cylinder 318 takes place on second rollers 319.
  • the pneumatic cylinder 318 is with this first leg 323 firmly connected.
  • the first arm 324 is over one opposite leg 325 about a first horizontal axis 326 a second arm 328 pivotable.
  • the swivel movement is from a first double-acting pneumatic or hydraulic Cylinder 327 of the first drive means causes that with the first leg 323 of the first arm 324 and the second arm 328 is connected.
  • the second arm 328 is about a first vertical axis 329 by means of a hydraulic rotary motor or a swivel cylinder 330 swivel.
  • the hydraulic swivel cylinder 330 is fixed with a first leg 331 of a two-armed lever 332 connected to another horizontal axis 333 opposite the end of the boom near the jet basket 304 is pivotable.
  • the pivoting movement is done by a second double acting pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder 334 the causes first drive means which on the one hand with the boom 304 connected and on the other hand to the second leg 335 of the lever 332 connected is.
  • This second double acting cylinder 334 can in hydraulic version additionally or alone as slave cylinder on the one hand with the boom 304 and on the other hand with the Superstructure 103 connected and the drive element 136 mechanically parallel connected master cylinder 134 are moved so that even when Swiveling the boom 304 against the superstructure 103 about his second horizontal axis the first vertical axis 329 substantially maintains its vertical orientation.
  • the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 3 has an over-determination with regard to the pivoting movements.
  • This Over-determination with regard to the swiveling movements allows larger ones Degrees of freedom when tracking the blasting basket on the one to be processed Area.
  • the pneumatic cylinder 318 which can be acted upon by an adjustable, constant air pressure via a pressure control valve (not shown).
  • the distance change is compensated by the pneumatic cylinder 318 until the cam 320 interacts with one of the limit switches 321.
  • a correspondingly generated control signal activates one of the double-acting cylinders 327, 334 or a tracking movement by moving the boom 101 in or out, by rotating the boom 101 relative to the superstructure 103, or by rotating the superstructure 103 relative to the chassis 101.
  • the readjustment can take place until either the cam 320 interacts with the limit switch 321 at the opposite end of the stroke of the pneumatic cylinder 318 or until the cam 320 interacts with the center switch 322.
  • FIG. 4 shows the blasting basket 405 during overhead blasting.
  • 3 is the extension of the first double-acting cylinder 427.
  • the waste materials resulting from the processing are discharged from the blasting basket 405 essentially via the outlet 414.
  • the further mode of operation in particular the compensation of changes in distance between the jet basket 405 and the surface 411 to be processed, takes place in an analogous manner to the mode of operation as described with reference to FIG. 3.
  • an increased proportion of the weight force compared to the lateral blasting must be applied by the means for providing the application force.
  • This portion can be determined, for example, with the aid of an acceleration sensor attached to the pneumatic cylinder 318 and determining the acceleration due to gravity, or by an angle sensor which determines the angular position of the first arm 324 with respect to the first horizontal axis 326.
  • FIG. 5 shows the top view of the blasting basket 505 during overhead blasting from the surface 411 to be machined.
  • the suspension is shown the blasting basket 505 by means of the fork 507 and the tapered roller bearing 516.
  • the rollers 510 guarantee low-friction guidance of the Blasting basket 505 on the surface to be processed 411.
  • the ring Running, multi-row brush seal 512 ensures reliable Sealing the blasting chamber from the environment.
  • the blasting material is fed in 513 and this is done in the processes 514 Machining material removed from the blasting basket 505.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Cleaning In General (AREA)
  • Forklifts And Lifting Vehicles (AREA)
  • Spray Control Apparatus (AREA)
  • Workshop Equipment, Work Benches, Supports, Or Storage Means (AREA)
  • Multi-Process Working Machines And Systems (AREA)
  • Movable Scaffolding (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Bearbeiten einer Fläche, insbesondere eine Hubarbeitsbühne, gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 sowie ein Verfahren zum Betrieb einer solchen Vorrichtung.The invention relates to a device for processing a surface, in particular an aerial work platform, according to the preamble of Claim 1 and a method for operating such a device.

Eine derartige Vorrichtung ist aus der US 4,286,417 bekannt. Eine Vorrichtung zum Reinigen von Oberflächen großflächiger Objekte mit einem bewegbaren Strahlkorb ist aus der DE 36 29 623 C2 bekannt. In dem Strahlkorb sind eine oder mehrere Strahldüsen eines Sandstrahlgeräts, wie sie aus der AT E 151 678 T1 bekannt sind, zur staubfreien Bestrahlung von Flächen untergebracht.Such a device is known from US 4,286,417. A Device for cleaning surfaces of large objects with a movable jet basket is known from DE 36 29 623 C2. By doing Blasting basket are one or more blasting nozzles of a sandblasting device, such as they are known from AT E 151 678 T1 for the dust-free irradiation of Areas housed.

Die EP 0 511 636 A1 zeigt eine Vorrichtung zum Positionieren und Führen eines Werkzeugs, beispielsweise eines Reinigungswerkzeugs für ein Flugzeug, bei der die Ausrichtung des Arbeitsmittels durch sensorgesteuerte Schrittmotoren erfolgt, die an schwenkbaren und miteinander gekoppelten Tragarmen angebracht sind. Eine ähnliche Anordnung von hintereinander angeordneten und miteinander gekoppelten sowie motorisch schwenkbaren Tragarmen zeigt die WO 83/03071. EP 0 511 636 A1 shows a device for positioning and guiding a tool, for example a cleaning tool for a Aircraft in which the orientation of the work equipment is controlled by sensors Stepper motors are carried out on swiveling and coupled to each other Support arms are attached. A similar arrangement from one another arranged and coupled with each other and motorized swivel Support arms are shown in WO 83/03071.

Die EP 0 665 085 A1 zeigt eine Vorrichtung zur Oberflächenbehandlung, bei der das Arbeitsmittel durch Magnetkraft an der zu bearbeitenden Fläche angelegt wird. Die die Magnetkraft aufbringenden Permanentmagnete sind dabei an einer Trägereinrichtung für das Arbeitsmittel angeordnet.EP 0 665 085 A1 shows a device for surface treatment, in which the working medium by magnetic force on the surface to be machined is created. The permanent magnets that apply the magnetic force are arranged on a carrier device for the work equipment.

Die DE 93 10 642 U1 zeigt eine Flächenstrahlvorrichtung, die im Arbeitskorb zwei zueinander versetzt angeordnete Absaugöffnungen aufweist. Innerhalb des Arbeitskorbes sind Prallwände angeordnet.DE 93 10 642 U1 shows a surface beam device which in Work basket two suction openings arranged offset to each other having. Impact walls are arranged within the work cage.

Die Hubarbeitsbühne umfaßt ein in der Regel motorisch angetriebenes Fahrgestell, auf dem ein um eine senkrechte Achse drehbarer Oberwagen angeordnet ist. Auf dem Oberwagen ist der um eine waagrechte Achse schwenkbare Ausleger angeordnet. Der Ausleger ist teleskopartig verlängerbar und weist an seinem dem Oberwachen abgewandten Ende ein Arbeitsmittel, eine Arbeitsplattform oder einen Arbeitskorb, beispielsweise einen Strahlkorb, auf.The aerial work platform usually includes a motor-driven one Chassis on which a superstructure rotates about a vertical axis is arranged. On the uppercarriage it is around a horizontal axis swiveling boom arranged. The boom is telescopic extendable and has at its end facing away from the guard Work equipment, a work platform or a work basket, for example a blasting basket, on.

Die Vorrichtung kann auch durch beispielsweise eine Scherenarbeits- oder Stempelbühne gebildet sein, die an ihrem dem Arbeitsmittel zugewandten Ende eine Plattform ausbildet, die dem arbeitsmittelseitigen Ende des Auslegers entspricht. Bei dieser Ausführungsform ist die Vorrichtung vorzugsweise auf einem fahrbaren Untersatz angeordnet, insbesondere auf einem eine voll einschlagbare Lenkung mit einem vorzugsweise beidseitigen Lenkwinkel von mindestens 90° aufweisenden fahrbaren Untersatz angeordnet. Beim Überkopfstrahlen wird dabei das Arbeitsmittel durch Ausfahren der Bühne in Anlage mit der zu bearbeitenden Fläche gebracht, während der Vorschub und das Parallelverschieben insbesondere durch Verfahren der Bühne erfolgt. Beim seitwärts Strahlen erfolgt das Anlegen durch Verfahren bzw. Positionieren der Bühne, wogegen der Vorschub insbesondere durch Heben und Senken der Bühne erfolgen kann. Das parallel verschobene Bearbeiten der Fläche erfolgt wiederum insbesondere durch Verfahren der Bühne. Als weitere Alternative zu einer Hubbühne kommt ein Mehrgelenkausleger in Betracht, der in der Regel durch die Anzahl der Gelenke eine mechanisch räumliche Überbestimmung aufweist.The device can also be operated, for example, by scissors or Stamping platform to be formed on their facing the work equipment End forms a platform that the tool side end of the Cantilever corresponds. In this embodiment, the device is preferably arranged on a mobile base, in particular on one a fully lockable steering with one preferably steering angle on both sides of at least 90 ° mobile Pedestal arranged. Working overhead blasting becomes the working tool by extending the platform in contact with the area to be worked brought during the feed and parallel shifting in particular done by moving the stage. This happens when blasting sideways Creating by moving or positioning the stage, whereas the Feed can be done in particular by lifting and lowering the stage. The parallel shifted editing of the surface takes place again especially by moving the stage. As another alternative to one A multi-articulated boom is usually considered due to the number of joints a mechanical spatial Has overdetermination.

Für bestimmte Einsatzzwecke, beispielsweise für den Einsatz der Hubarbeitsbühne als Strahlwerkzeug, wird das Arbeitsmittel an die zu bearbeitende Fläche angelegt. Aus arbeitsschutztechnischen, ökologischen und ökonomischen Gründen muß das Arbeitsmittel an der zu bearbeitenden Fläche so anlegbar sein, daß es umfänglich dicht anliegt. Hierfür kommen beispielsweise ein- oder zweireihige Bürstendichtungen, eine Vakuumdichtung oder eine magnetkraftunterstützte Dichtung, wie aus der DE 29 04 093 A1 bekannt, in Betracht. For certain purposes, for example for the use of the Aerial work platform as a blasting tool, the work equipment to the machining area. From occupational safety, ecological and for economic reasons the work equipment must be machined so that it fits tightly around the circumference. For example, one or two-row brush seals come a vacuum seal or a magnetic force assisted seal, such as from known from DE 29 04 093 A1.

Bei den bekannten Hubarbeitsbühnen erfolgt das Anlegen bzw. Anpressen des Arbeitsmittels an die zu bearbeitende Fläche über ein Schwenkmoment des Oberwagens, der um die senkrechte Achse gegenüber dem Fahrgestell verschwenkbar ist, oder über sensorgesteuerte, mehrachsige und an dem Arbeitsmittel unmittelbar angreifende Antriebssysteme. Dies hat den Nachteil, daß entweder die Anlegekraft nicht genau einstellbar und regulierbar ist, weil durch die Schwenkbewegung die gesamte Masse des Oberwagens, des Auslegers und des Arbeitskorbes verschwenkt werden muß, oder die sensorbetriebenen Antriebssysteme im Bereich des Arbeitsmittels störanfällig sind. Dadurch ist sowohl die geforderte Dichtheit zwischen Arbeitsmittel und zu bearbeitender Fläche als auch die erforderliche Standzeit der Hubarbeitsbühne nicht gewährleistet. Darüber hinaus lassen sich mit den bekannten Hubarbeitsbühnen Bearbeitungsvorgänge an empfindlichen Oberflächen, wie beispielsweise das Reinigen oder das Lackieren von Flugzeugflächen, nicht durchführen.In the known aerial work platforms, the application or pressing takes place of the work equipment to the surface to be processed via a swivel torque of the superstructure, which is about the vertical axis opposite the chassis is pivotable, or via sensor-controlled, multi-axis and on the Work equipment directly attacking drive systems. This has the Disadvantage that either the application force is not exactly adjustable and is adjustable because the entire mass of the Upper carriage, the boom and the work basket are pivoted must, or the sensor-driven drive systems in the area of Work equipment is prone to failure. This means both the required tightness between work equipment and surface to be worked as well the required lifespan of the aerial work platform is not guaranteed. In addition, with the well-known aerial work platforms Machining operations on sensitive surfaces, such as do not clean or paint aircraft surfaces.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung zum Bearbeiten einer Fläche, insbesondere eine Hubarbeitsbühne, bereitzustellen, die eine hohe Standzeit aufweist und mit der die Anlegekraft mit hoher Konstanz einstellbar ist. Darüber hinaus liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zum Betrieb einer derartigen Hubarbeitsbühne bereitzustellen. Das Verfahren soll insbesondere das Abfahren einer vorgebbaren Bahn auf einer Fläche höherer Ordnung, bei dem das Arbeitsmittel in steter Anlage mit der zu bearbeiteten Fläche ist, gewährleisten.The invention is therefore based on the object of a device for Working on a surface, especially an aerial work platform, To provide that has a long service life and with the the application force is adjustable with a high degree of constancy. In addition, the Invention, the object of a method for operating a to provide such an aerial work platform. The procedure is supposed to in particular the traversing of a predefinable path on a surface higher order, in which the work equipment in constant system with the machined area.

Die Aufgabe wird durch die bzw. das in den unabhängigen Ansprüchen bestimmte Vorrichtung und Verfahren gelöst. Besondere Ausführungsarten der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen offenbart. The task is defined by the or in the independent claims certain device and method solved. Special designs the invention are disclosed in the subclaims.

Dadurch, daß das Arbeitsmittel an einer um zwei, vorzugsweise einen rechten Winkel einschließende Achsen frei beweglich ähnlich einer kardanischen Aufhängung aufgehängt ist, und daß die Mittel zum Bereitstellen der Anlegekraft an der Aufhängung angreifen, wird ohne mehrachsige sensorgesteuerte und störanfällige Antriebseinrichtungen eine sichere Anlage des Arbeitsmittel an der zu bearbeitenden Fläche gewährleistet. Das Anlegen des Arbeitsmittels an die zu bearbeitende Fläche erfolgt mittels einer eigenständigen einachsigen Steuerung bzw. Regelung und insbesondere mit konstanter Kraft.The fact that the work equipment on one by two, preferably one axes including right angles freely movable similar to one gimbal is suspended, and that means to Providing the mooring force to attack the suspension will be without Multi-axis sensor-controlled and fault-prone drive devices Safe installation of the work equipment on the surface to be worked guaranteed. The creation of the work equipment to the one to be processed Surface takes place by means of an independent uniaxial control or Regulation and especially with constant force.

Die Aufhängung wird vorzugsweise durch eine gabelförmige Aufhängung für das glocken- oder korbförmige Arbeitsmittel gebildet, wobei der Schaft der gabelförmigen Aufhängung um seine Längsachse frei drehbar aufgehängt ist, beispielsweise mittels eines Kegelrollenlagers. Durch geeignetes Anbringen von Endschaltern an den beiden Achsen der Aufhängung kann bei Erreichen eines vorgegebenen Schwenkwinkels des Arbeitsmittels zur Gabel bzw. zur Achse des Kegelrollenlagers
das Arbeitsmittel mittels entsprechender Antriebsmittel wieder in eine Grundstellung geschwenkt werden. Als Grundstellung kann dabei beispielsweise die Stellung des Arbeitsmittels gelten, bei der sich eine günstige Führung der Versorgungsschläuche und -leitungen zum Arbeitsmittel, beispielsweise zu einem Strahl- oder Spritzwerkzeug, ergibt. Außerdem können an den beiden Achsen der Aufhängung Positionsaufnehmer, insbesondere Winkelaufnehmer angeordnet sein,
die eine Rückmeldung über die Position der beiden Achsen und damit über die Ausrichtung des Arbeitsmittels in Bezug auf die zu bearbeitende Fläche an eine Steuereinheit geben. Dadurch kann sichergestellt werden, daß
die an der Aufhängung angreifende Anlegekraft stets im wesentlichen in eine Richtung wirkt, die mit der zu bearbeitenden Fläche einen rechten Winkel einschließt. Die von der Gabel der Aufhängung aufgespannte Fläche ist vorzugsweise parallel zu der zu bearbeitenden Fläche oder schließt mit dieser einen spitzen Winkel von 0° bis 30° ein.
The suspension is preferably formed by a fork-shaped suspension for the bell-shaped or basket-shaped working medium, the shaft of the fork-shaped suspension being freely rotatable about its longitudinal axis, for example by means of a tapered roller bearing. By suitably attaching limit switches to the two axes of the suspension, when a predetermined swiveling angle of the working medium to the fork or the axis of the tapered roller bearing is reached
the work equipment can be pivoted back into a basic position by means of appropriate drive means. The basic position can be, for example, the position of the work equipment, in which the supply hoses and lines lead to the work equipment, for example to a blasting or spraying tool. In addition, position sensors, in particular angle sensors, can be arranged on the two axes of the suspension.
which provide feedback to the control unit about the position of the two axes and thus about the orientation of the work equipment in relation to the surface to be worked. This can ensure that
the application force acting on the suspension always acts essentially in a direction that includes a right angle with the surface to be worked. The surface spanned by the fork of the suspension is preferably parallel to the surface to be machined or forms an acute angle with it of 0 ° to 30 °.

Als Mittel zum Bereitstellen der Anlegekraft kommt ein pneumatischer oder hydraulischer Zylinder, eine Feder mit einer angepaßten, im Arbeitsbereich vergleichsweise geringen Federkonstante oder ähnliches in Betracht.
Ein hydraulischer Zylinder ist allein oder in Zusammenwirkung mit einem hydraulischen Druckspeicher betreibbar. Vorzugsweise ist er mit einem konstanten und vergleichsweise geringen Druck beaufschlagbar. Bei der Verwendung eines pneumatischen Zylinders läßt sich die Kraftspeicherwirkung aufgrund der Kompressibilität des Arbeitsmediums besonders einfach erreichen. Die sich beim Verfahren des Arbeitsmittels entlang einer vorgebbaren Bahn auf der zu bearbeitenden Fläche ergebenden Abstandsänderungen werden über den Hub der Mittel zum Bereitstellen der Anlegekraft, insbesondere des pneumatischen Zylinders, ausgeglichen. Entlang des Hubweges können mehrere Positionsschalter angeordnet sein, insbesondere an den Endpositionen sowie in einer mittigen Position. Anstelle oder alternativ zu den Positionsschaltern,
die eine diskrete Positionserfassung realisieren, kann auch eine kontinuierliche Positionserfassung der Hubposition des Kraftspeichers vorgesehen sein.
A pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder, a spring with an adapted spring constant which is comparatively low in the working range or the like can be considered as a means for providing the application force.
A hydraulic cylinder can be operated alone or in cooperation with a hydraulic pressure accumulator. It can preferably be subjected to a constant and comparatively low pressure. When using a pneumatic cylinder, the energy storage effect can be achieved particularly easily due to the compressibility of the working medium. The changes in distance resulting from the movement of the working medium along a predeterminable path on the surface to be machined are compensated for by the stroke of the means for providing the application force, in particular the pneumatic cylinder. Several position switches can be arranged along the stroke path, in particular at the end positions and in a central position. Instead of or as an alternative to the position switches,
which realize a discrete position detection, a continuous position detection of the stroke position of the energy accumulator can also be provided.

Das Arbeitsmittel bzw. die es tragende Aufhängung ist mittels erster Antriebsmittel um zwei einen rechten Winkel einschließende Achsen gegenüber dem arbeitsmittelnahen Ende des Auslegers steuerbar drehbar, insbesondere dreht ein erstes Antriebselement der ersten Antriebsmittel die Aufhängung um eine erste vertikale Achse und ein zweites Antriebselement der ersten Antriebsmittel dreht die Aufhängung um eine erste horizontale Achse. Darüber hinaus kann zusätzlich das erste Antriebselement um eine weitere horizontale Achse mittels eines dritten Antriebselements der ersten Antriebsmittel drehbar ausgeführt sein. Die ersten Antriebsmittel dienen einer Nachführung der Mittel zum Bereitstellen der Anlegekraft und sind von der Positionsinformation der Mittel zum Bereitstellen der Anlegekraft gesteuert. Durch die Verschwenkbarkeit des Arbeitsmittels gegenüber dem Ausleger ist sowohl seitliches Bearbeiten als auch Überkopfbearbeiten der Fläche möglich, wobei jeweils Änderungen im Abstand zwischen dem Arbeitsmittel und der zu bearbeitenden Fläche durch die Mittel zum Bereitstellen der Anlegekraft ausgeglichen werden.The work equipment or the suspension carrying it is by means of the first Drive means about two axes enclosing a right angle rotatably rotatable relative to the end of the boom near the work equipment, in particular, a first drive element of the first drive means rotates the Suspension around a first vertical axis and a second drive element the first drive means rotates the suspension around a first horizontal Axis. In addition, the first drive element can additionally by another horizontal axis by means of a third drive element of the first Drive means can be rotated. The first drive means serve a tracking of the means for providing the investor and are from the position information of the means for providing the application force controlled. Due to the pivotability of the work equipment relative to the The boom is both side machining and overhead machining Area possible, with changes in the distance between the Work equipment and the area to be processed by the means for Providing the investor to be balanced.

Darüber hinaus erfolgt eine Nachführung der Mittel zum Bereitstellen der Anlegekraft und damit des Arbeitsmittels bzw. der Aufhängung mittels zweiter Antriebsmittel, die einen teleskopartig aus- und einfahrbaren Ausleger antreiben, der gegenüber einem Oberwagen um eine zweite horizontale Achse drehbar ist, und die den gegenüber einem Unterbau, insbesondere einem Fahrgestell, um eine zweite vertikale Achse drehbaren Oberwagen antreiben.In addition, the funds for providing the Applying force and thus the work equipment or the suspension by means of second drive means that extend and retract telescopically Drive the boom opposite a superstructure by a second horizontal axis is rotatable, and which compared to a substructure, in particular a chassis, rotatable about a second vertical axis Drive the uppercarriage.

Die zweiten Antriebsmittel sind dabei zumindest teilweise durch die Positionsinformation der Mittel zum Bereitstellen der Anlegekraft steuerbar. So kann beispielsweise, etwa beim seitlichen Strahlen, durch die Steuerung der Bewegung des Aus- und Einfahrens des Auslegers und des Drehens des Auslegers um die zweite horizontale Achse gegenüber dem Oberwagen eine mittels einer Steuereinrichtung vorgebbare Bahn auf der zu bearbeitenden Fläche abgefahren werden. Sofern aufgrund einer Krümmung der zu bearbeitenden Fläche der Abstand zwischen dem arbeitsmittelseitigen Ende des Auslegers und der zu bearbeitenden Fläche so groß wird, daß dieser von den Mitteln zum Bereitstellen der Anlegekraft nicht mehr ausgeglichen werden kann, und eine entsprechende Positionsinformation dieser Mittel an die Steuereinrichtung gesendet wird, beispielsweise ein endseitiger Positionsschalter betätigt wird, wird
der Ausleger durch Drehen des Oberwagens gegenüber dem Unterbau in Richtung auf die zu bearbeitende Fläche nachgeführt.
The second drive means can be controlled at least partially by the position information of the means for providing the application force. For example, in the case of lateral blasting, by controlling the movement of the extension and retraction of the boom and the rotation of the boom about the second horizontal axis relative to the superstructure, a path which can be predetermined by a control device can be traversed on the surface to be processed. If, due to a curvature of the surface to be processed, the distance between the end of the boom on the working medium side and the surface to be processed becomes so large that it can no longer be compensated for by the means for providing the application force, and corresponding position information of these means is sent to the control device is actuated, for example an end position switch
the boom is adjusted by rotating the superstructure in relation to the substructure in the direction of the surface to be worked.

In entsprechender Weise kann, etwa beim Überkopf-Strahlen, eine Nachführung durch Drehen des Auslegers um die zweite horizontale Achse erfolgen, wenn die vorgegebene Bahn durch eine Ansteuerung des Aus- und Einfahrens des Auslegers und durch Drehen des Oberwagens gegenüber dem Unterbau abgefahren wird. Die von den zweiten Antriebsmitteln verursachten Bewegungen werden dabei sensorisch erfaßt, insbesondere wird die Nachführbewegung als Eingangsgröße für
die Steuerung der Bewegung des Arbeitsmittels entlang der vorgegebenen Bahn verwendet, um beispielsweise durch die Nachführbewegung bedingte Steuerkorrekturen vornehmen zu können und/oder um
die Bahngeschwindigkeit beim Bearbeiten der Fläche konstant zu halten.
In a corresponding manner, for example in the case of overhead blasting, tracking can be carried out by rotating the boom about the second horizontal axis if the predetermined path is followed by controlling the extension and retraction of the boom and by rotating the superstructure relative to the substructure. The movements caused by the second drive means are sensed, in particular the tracking movement is used as an input variable for
uses the control of the movement of the working means along the predetermined path, for example to be able to carry out control corrections caused by the tracking movement and / or to
to keep the web speed constant when working on the surface.

Die ersten und zweiten Antriebsmittel können insbesondere doppelt wirkende pneumatische oder hydraulische Zylinder umfassen.The first and second drive means can in particular be double acting pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders include.

Derartige Vorrichtungen sind, soweit sie ein Strahlwerkzeug umfassen, beispielsweise für die Bearbeitung von Schiffsrümpfen, insbesondere
die Bearbeitung von Schweißnähten, einsetzbar oder zum Entfernen von Lack oder sonstigen Schichten oder Verunreinigungen von Flugzeugen.
Das Vorsehen von zwei um 90° versetzt angeordneten Abläufen gewährleistet eine zuverlässige Abführung der durch den Bearbeitungsvorgang entstandenen Abfallstoffe sowohl beim seitlichen Strahlen als auch beim Überkopfstrahlen.
To the extent that they comprise a blasting tool, such devices are, in particular, for processing ship hulls
the processing of weld seams, usable or for removing paint or other layers or contaminants from aircraft.
The provision of two sequences offset by 90 ° ensures reliable removal of the waste materials resulting from the machining process, both with side blasting and with overhead blasting.

Seitliches Strahlen, bei dem die zu bestrahlende Fläche einen Winkel von beispielsweise 90° bis 45° mit der Stellfläche der Vorrichtung einschließt, wird im wesentlichen durch Aus- und Einfahren des Auslegers und durch Ansteuern der in der Regel hydraulischen oder elektrischen angetriebenen Drehbewegung des Auslegers gegenüber dem Oberwagen durchgeführt. Ein Überkopfstrahlen, bei dem die zu bestrahlende Fläche einen Winkel von beispielsweise 45° bis 0° mit der Stellfläche der Vorrichtung einschließt, wird im wesentlichen durch Aus- und Einfahren des Auslegers und durch Ansteuern der in der Regel ebenfalls hydraulisch oder elektrisch angetriebenen Drehbewegung des Oberwagens gegenüber dem Unterbau durchgeführt. Bei beiden Strahlarten gewährleisten die Mittel zum Bereitstellen der Anlegekraft das Nachführen der Arbeitsmittel bei sich ergebenden Abstandsänderungen.Lateral blasting, in which the surface to be irradiated is at an angle of for example includes 90 ° to 45 ° with the footprint of the device, is essentially by extending and retracting the boom and by Control the usually hydraulic or electric driven The boom is rotated relative to the superstructure. Overhead blasting where the area to be irradiated is at an angle for example 45 ° to 0 ° with the footprint of the device includes, essentially by extending and retracting the boom and by actuating them, which are also usually hydraulic or electrical driven rotary movement of the superstructure in relation to the substructure carried out. With both jet types, the means for Providing the investor with the tracking of the work equipment resulting changes in distance.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Vorrichtung wird das Arbeitsmittel zunächst an die zu bearbeitende Fläche angelegt, anschließend entlang der Fläche einer vorgebbaren Bahn auf der Fläche bewegt, und dabei werden die sich durch das Bewegen entlang der Bahn ergebenden Änderungen des Abstandes zwischen dem Arbeitsmittel und der Fläche durch die Mittel zum Bereitstellen der Anlegekraft ausgeglichen. Die Bewegung entlang der vorgebbaren Bahn erfolgt in der Regel durch Aus- und Einfahren des Auslegers und durch Drehen des Auslegers um eine zweite horizontale Achse gegenüber dem Oberwagen bzw. durch Drehen des Oberwagens um eine zweite vertikale Achse gegenüber dem Unterbau. Diese Bewegungen werden beispielsweise von einer speicherprogrammierbaren Steuerung gesteuert, wodurch automatisiert beliebige Bahnen abfahrbar sind, beispielsweise mäanderförmig aneinandergesetzte und im wesentlichen vertikal verlaufende und sich überlappende Bahnen zum bahnenweise Reinigen einer großen Fläche, beispielsweise eines Schiffsrumpfes. Die speicherprogrammierbare Steuerung übernimmt dabei keine direkte Steuerfunktion für die Anlage des Arbeitsmittels an der zu bearbeitenden Fläche. Dies wird durch die Aufhängung der Arbeitsmittel insbesondere in Verbindung mit dem Kraftspeicher der Mittel zum Bereitstellen der Anlegekraft bewerkstelligt. Dadurch ist auch bei einer gekrümmten Fläche eine stete Anlage der Arbeitsmittel gewährleistet, ohne daß der genaue Verlauf der gekrümmten Fläche bekannt sein muß, insbesondere ohne daß er vorab mathematisch beschrieben werden muß. Vorzugsweise wird die Anlegekraft durch einen pneumatischen Zylinder bereitgestellt. Sobald dieser ein Ende seines Verfahrweges erreicht, und ein entsprechender Endschalter betätigt wird, oder eine kontinuierliche Positionsüberwachung das Erreichen der Endposition signalisiert, werden die Mittel zum Bereitstellen einer Anlegekraft mittels der ersten und/oder zweiten Antriebsmittel nachgeführt.In the method according to the invention for operating a device the work equipment is first applied to the surface to be worked, then along the surface of a predefinable path on the surface moves, and in doing so they move by moving along the path resulting changes in the distance between the work equipment and the area is compensated for by the means for providing the application force. The movement along the predefinable path is usually carried out by Extending and retracting the boom and rotating the boom by one second horizontal axis opposite the superstructure or by turning of the superstructure around a second vertical axis opposite the substructure. These movements are, for example, by a Programmable logic controller controlled, making automated any tracks can be traveled, for example meandering juxtaposed and essentially vertical and themselves overlapping sheets for cleaning a large area, for example a hull. The programmable logic controller Control does not take on a direct control function for the system of the Work equipment on the surface to be worked. This is through the suspension of the work equipment, especially in connection with the Force storage of the means for providing the applied force accomplished. As a result, even with a curved surface is a constant system Work equipment guaranteed without the exact course of the curved Area must be known, especially without being mathematical beforehand must be described. The application force is preferably controlled by a pneumatic cylinder provided. As soon as this ends its Travel distance reached and a corresponding limit switch is actuated, or continuous position monitoring reaching the Signaled end position, are the means to provide a Tracking force by means of the first and / or second drive means.

Die Vorteile, Merkmale und Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich auch aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung, in der unter Bezugnahme auf
die Zeichnungen ein Ausführungsbeispiel im einzelnen beschrieben wird. Dabei können die in den Ansprüchen und in der Beschreibung erwähnten Merkmale jeweils einzeln für sich oder in beliebiger Kombination erfindungswesentlich sein.

Fig. 1
zeigt eine Hubarbeitsbühne mit Strahlkorb beim seitlichen Strahlen,
Fig. 2
zeigt eine Hubarbeitsbühne mit Strahlkorb beim Überkopfstrahlen,
Fig. 3
zeigt einen Strahlkorb beim seitlichen Strahlen,
Fig. 4
zeigt einen Strahlkorb beim Überkopfstrahlen, und
Fig. 5
zeigt eine Aufsicht auf den Strahlkorb beim Überkopfstrahlen von der zu bearbeitenden Fläche aus.
The advantages, features and details of the invention also result from the following description, in which reference to FIG
the drawings an embodiment is described in detail. The features mentioned in the claims and in the description can be essential to the invention individually or in any combination.
Fig. 1
shows an aerial work platform with blasting basket for side blasting,
Fig. 2
shows an aerial work platform with blasting basket for overhead blasting,
Fig. 3
shows a blasting basket when blasting from the side,
Fig. 4
shows a blasting basket during overhead blasting, and
Fig. 5
shows a top view of the blasting basket during overhead blasting from the surface to be processed.

Die Fig. 1 zeigt eine Hubarbeitsbühne 100 mit Strahlkorb beim seitlichen Strahlen, die ein motorisch angetriebenes Fahrgestell 101 besitzt und einen darauf um eine zweite senkrechte Achse 102 drehbaren Oberwagen 103, auf dem ein um eine zweite waagerechte Achse schwenkbarer Ausleger 104 angeordnet ist. Zwischen dem Oberwagen 103 und dem Ausleger 104 wirkt unter anderem ein hydraulisches Antriebselement 136 der zweiten Antriebsmittel. Der Ausleger 104 ist teleskopartig verlängerbar und weist an seinem dem Oberwagen 103 abgewandten Ende einen Strahlkorb 105 auf. Dargestellt ist weiterhin die Gabel 107 der Aufhängung des Strahlkorbes 105 sowie ein drittes hydraulisches Antriebselement 108 der ersten Antriebsmittel, das sowohl einem Nachführen der Mittel 318 zum Bereitstellen der Anlegekraft als auch einer Schwenkbewegung des Strahlkorbes 105 um eine weitere horizontale Achse 333 dient.
Das dargestellte seitliche Strahlen kann beispielsweise an zu bearbeitenden Flächen vorgenommen werden, die mit der Stellfläche 106 der Hubarbeitsbühne 100 einen Winkel zwischen 45° und 90° einschließen.
1 shows an aerial work platform 100 with a blasting basket for lateral blasting, which has a motor-driven chassis 101 and an uppercarriage 103 which is rotatable thereon about a second vertical axis 102 and on which a boom 104 which is pivotable about a second horizontal axis is arranged. Among other things, a hydraulic drive element 136 of the second drive means acts between the superstructure 103 and the boom 104. The boom 104 can be extended telescopically and has a blasting basket 105 at its end facing away from the superstructure 103. Also shown is the fork 107 of the suspension of the blasting basket 105 and a third hydraulic drive element 108 of the first drive means, which serves to track the means 318 for providing the application force as well as a pivoting movement of the blasting basket 105 about a further horizontal axis 333.
The illustrated lateral blasting can be carried out, for example, on surfaces to be machined which form an angle between 45 ° and 90 ° with the standing surface 106 of the aerial work platform 100.

Der Ausleger 104 ist gegenüber dem Oberwagen 103 mittels eines ersten Antriebselements der zweiten Antriebsmittel in Form eines hydraulischen Zylinders 136 drehbar. Diese Dreh- oder Schwenkbewegung wirkt auch auf den Zylinder 134, der vorzugsweise als Geberzylinder für das dritte hydraulische Antriebselement 108 dienen kann, welches in diesem Anwendungsfall primär als Nehmerzylinder und nur sekundär als eigenständiges drittes hydraulisches Antriebselement dient.The boom 104 is opposite the superstructure 103 by means of a first one Drive elements of the second drive means in the form of a hydraulic Cylinder 136 rotatable. This rotating or swiveling movement also affects the cylinder 134, which is preferably used as a master cylinder for the third can serve hydraulic drive element 108, which in this Use case primarily as slave cylinder and only secondarily as independent third hydraulic drive element is used.

Die Fig. 2 zeigt eine Hubarbeitsbühne 100 mit einem Strahlkorb 205 beim Überkopfstrahlen. Dargestellt ist neben dem kegelförmigen Strahlkorb 205, der Gabel 207 der Aufhängung in Seitenansicht und dem dritten Antriebselement 208 ein zweites hydraulisches Antriebselement 209 der ersten Antriebsmittel, welches ebenfalls, wie das dritte Antriebselement 208, sowohl einer Schwenkbewegung des Strahlkorbes 205 - diesmal um eine erste horizontale Achse 326 - als auch einem Nachführen der Mittel 318 zum Bereitstellen der Anlegekraft dienen kann. Beide Antriebselemente 208, 209 sind als doppeltwirkende hydraulische Zylinder ausgeführt. Alternativ zu dieser Ausführungsform kommen auch doppeltwirkende pneumatische Zylinder in Betracht. Das Überkopfstrahlen wird beispielsweise dann vorgesehen, wenn die zu bearbeitende Fläche 311 mit der Stellfläche 106 der Hubarbeitsbühne 100 einen Winkel von 0° bis 45° einschließt.2 shows an aerial work platform 100 with a blasting basket 205 at Overhead beams. In addition to the conical jet basket 205, the fork 207 of the suspension in side view and the third Drive element 208 a second hydraulic drive element 209 of the first drive means, which is also like the third drive element 208, both a swiveling movement of the jet basket 205 - this time around a first horizontal axis 326 - as well as a tracking of the means 318 can serve to provide the application force. Both drive elements 208, 209 are designed as double-acting hydraulic cylinders. As an alternative to this embodiment there are also double-acting ones pneumatic cylinders into consideration. The overhead blasting will provided, for example, when the surface 311 to be machined also has the footprint 106 of the aerial work platform 100 has an angle of 0 ° to 45 ° includes.

Der in den Fig. 1 und 2 dargestellte kegelförmige, zur bearbeitenden Fläche 311 hin offene Strahlkorb 105, 205 weist typisch einen Durchmesser von 1 m und eine Masse von 100 kg auf. Die gesamte an dem arbeitsmittelseitigen Ende des Auslegers 104 angeordnete Einrichtung weist eine Masse von etwa 500 kg auf. Als Strahlgut dient beispielsweise Sand, Korund bzw. Aluminiumoxyd oder Stahlkies. Ein möglicher Anwendungsfall dieser Strahlkörbe ist das Vorbehandeln von Schiffsrümpfen vor dem Lackieren.The conical, shown in Figs. 1 and 2, for processing surface 311 open jet basket 105, 205 typically has a diameter of 1 m and a mass of 100 kg. All of that Device arranged on the working side end of the boom 104 a mass of about 500 kg. Sand, for example, serves as blasting material, Corundum or aluminum oxide or steel gravel. A possible one The application of these blasting baskets is the pretreatment of Ship hulls before painting.

Die Fig. 3 zeigt den Strahlkorb 305 beim seitlichen Strahlen, der über erste Rollen 310 an der zu bearbeitenden Fläche 311 anliegt. Eine umfängliche, mehrreihige Bürstendichtung 312 sorgt dafür, daß das Strahlen in einem geschlossenen Raum erfolgt und insbesondere weder Strahlgut noch Abfallstoffe des Bearbeitungsvorganges nach außen dringen. Der Strahlkorb 305 weist eine Zuführung 313 für das Strahlgut sowie zwei, um etwa 90° versetzt an den Strahlkorb 305 angebrachte Abläufe 314 auf. Der Strahlkorb 305 ist um eine erste horizontale Achse 315 an der Gabel 307 frei schwenkbar aufgehängt. Der Schaft der Gabel 307 ist an einer Kegelrollenlagerung 316 um eine nahezu vertikale Achse 316' frei schwenkbar aufgehängt. Die Gabel 307 und die Kegelrollenlagerung 316 realisieren die um zwei, vorzugsweise einen rechten Winkel einschließende Achsen frei bewegliche Aufhängung des Strahlkorbes 305 an dem strahlkorbnahen Ende des Auslegers 304. 3 shows the blasting basket 305 in the case of lateral blasting, via the first one Rollers 310 abuts the surface to be processed 311. A comprehensive, Multi-row brush seal 312 ensures that the blasting in one closed space and in particular neither blasting material nor Waste material from the machining process can escape to the outside. The blasting basket 305 has a feed 313 for the blasting material and two, about 90 ° offsets 314 attached to the blasting basket 305. The blasting basket 305 is free on fork 307 about a first horizontal axis 315 pivotally suspended. The shaft of the fork 307 is on one Tapered roller bearing 316 around an almost vertical axis 316 'free pivotally suspended. The fork 307 and the tapered roller bearing 316 realize the two, preferably a right angle including axes freely movable suspension of the blasting basket 305 at the end of the boom 304 near the blasting basket.

Die Kegelrollenlagerung 316 ist über ein Winkelelement mit dem Kolben 317 des pneumatischen Zylinders 318 verbunden. Die Lagerung des Kolbens 317 bzw. der Kolbenstange des pneumatischen Zylinders 318 erfolgt auf zweiten Rollen 319. An dem Kolben 317 ist weiterhin eine Nocke 320 angebracht, welche die Endschalter 321 bzw. den Mittenschalter 322 betätigt, die auf dem ersten Schenkel 323 des ersten Arms 324 angebracht sind. Der pneumatische Zylinder 318 ist mit diesem ersten Schenkel 323 fest verbunden. Der erste Arm 324 ist über einen zweiten Schenkel 325 um eine erste horizontale Achse 326 gegenüber einem zweiten Arm 328 schwenkbar. Die Schwenkbewegung wird von einem ersten doppeltwirkenden pneumatischen oder hydraulischen Zylinder 327 der ersten Antriebsmittel bewirkt, der mit dem ersten Schenkel 323 des ersten Arms 324 und dem zweiten Arm 328 verbunden ist.The tapered roller bearing 316 is an angular element with the piston 317 of the pneumatic cylinder 318 connected. The storage of the Piston 317 or the piston rod of the pneumatic cylinder 318 takes place on second rollers 319. There is still one on the piston 317 Cam 320 attached, which the limit switches 321 and the Center switch 322 operated on the first leg 323 of the first Arms 324 are attached. The pneumatic cylinder 318 is with this first leg 323 firmly connected. The first arm 324 is over one opposite leg 325 about a first horizontal axis 326 a second arm 328 pivotable. The swivel movement is from a first double-acting pneumatic or hydraulic Cylinder 327 of the first drive means causes that with the first leg 323 of the first arm 324 and the second arm 328 is connected.

Der zweite Arm 328 ist um eine erste vertikale Achse 329 mittels eines hydraulischen Drehmotors bzw. eines Schwenkzylinders 330 schwenkbar. Der hydraulische Schwenkzylinder 330 ist fest mit einem ersten Schenkel 331 eines zweiarmigen Hebels 332 verbunden, der um eine weitere horizontale Achse 333 gegenüber dem strahlkorbnahen Ende des Auslegers 304 verschwenkbar ist. Die Schwenkbewegung wird durch einen zweiten doppeltwirkenden pneumatischen oder hydraulischen Zylinder 334 der ersten Antriebsmittel bewirkt, der einerseits mit dem Ausleger 304 verbunden und andererseits mit dem zweiten Schenkel 335 des Hebels 332 verbunden ist. Dieser zweite doppeltwirkende Zylinder 334 kann in hydraulischer Ausführung zusätzlich oder allein auch als Nehmerzylinder von dem einerseits mit dem Ausleger 304 und andererseits mit dem Oberwagen 103 verbundenen und dem Antriebselement 136 mechanisch parallel geschalteten Geberzylinder 134 so bewegt werden, daß auch beim Schwenken des Auslegers 304 gegenüber dem Oberwagen 103 um seine zweite waagrechte Achse die erste vertikale Achse 329 im wesentlichen ihre vertikale Ausrichtung beibehält.The second arm 328 is about a first vertical axis 329 by means of a hydraulic rotary motor or a swivel cylinder 330 swivel. The hydraulic swivel cylinder 330 is fixed with a first leg 331 of a two-armed lever 332 connected to another horizontal axis 333 opposite the end of the boom near the jet basket 304 is pivotable. The pivoting movement is done by a second double acting pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder 334 the causes first drive means which on the one hand with the boom 304 connected and on the other hand to the second leg 335 of the lever 332 connected is. This second double acting cylinder 334 can in hydraulic version additionally or alone as slave cylinder on the one hand with the boom 304 and on the other hand with the Superstructure 103 connected and the drive element 136 mechanically parallel connected master cylinder 134 are moved so that even when Swiveling the boom 304 against the superstructure 103 about his second horizontal axis the first vertical axis 329 substantially maintains its vertical orientation.

Das in der Fig. 3 gezeigte Ausführungsbeispiel weist eine Überbestimmung hinsichtlich der Schwenkbewegungen auf. So ist beispielsweise die Schwenkbewegung des ersten Arms 324 um die erste horizontale Achse 326 sowohl durch den ersten doppeltwirkenden Zylinder 327 als auch durch den zweiten doppeltwirkenden Zylinder 334 erzielbar. Diese Überbestimmung hinsichtlich der Schwenkbewegungen erlaubt größere Freiheitsgrade beim Nachführen des Strahlkorbes an der zu bearbeitenden Fläche.The exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 3 has an over-determination with regard to the pivoting movements. For example the pivoting movement of the first arm 324 about the first horizontal axis 326 both through the first double acting cylinder 327 as well achievable by the second double-acting cylinder 334. This Over-determination with regard to the swiveling movements allows larger ones Degrees of freedom when tracking the blasting basket on the one to be processed Area.

Kommt es zu Abstandsänderungen zwischen dem Ausleger 304 und der zu bearbeitenden Fläche 311, so werden diese durch den pneumatischen Zylinder 318 ausgeglichen, der über ein nicht dargestelltes Druckregelventil mit einem einstellbaren, konstanten Luftdruck beaufschlagbar ist.
Der Ausgleich der Abstandsänderung durch den pneumatischen Zylinder 318 erfolgt solange, bis die Nocke 320 mit einem der Endschalter 321 zusammenwirkt. Ein entsprechend generiertes Steuersignal aktiviert einen der doppeltwirkenden Zylinder 327, 334 oder eine Nachführbewegung durch das Ein-/Ausfahren des Auslegers 101, durch eine Drehbewegung des Auslegers 101 gegenüber dem Oberwagen 103 oder durch eine Drehbewegung des Oberwagens 103 gegenüber dem Fahrgestell 101.
Das Nachsteuern kann dabei solange geschehen, bis entweder die Nocke 320 mit dem Endschalter 321 am gegenüberliegenden Ende des Hubes des pneumatischen Zylinders 318 zusammenwirkt oder solange, bis die Nocke 320 mit dem Mittenschalter 322 zusammenwirkt.
If there are changes in the distance between the boom 304 and the surface 311 to be machined, these are compensated for by the pneumatic cylinder 318, which can be acted upon by an adjustable, constant air pressure via a pressure control valve (not shown).
The distance change is compensated by the pneumatic cylinder 318 until the cam 320 interacts with one of the limit switches 321. A correspondingly generated control signal activates one of the double-acting cylinders 327, 334 or a tracking movement by moving the boom 101 in or out, by rotating the boom 101 relative to the superstructure 103, or by rotating the superstructure 103 relative to the chassis 101.
The readjustment can take place until either the cam 320 interacts with the limit switch 321 at the opposite end of the stroke of the pneumatic cylinder 318 or until the cam 320 interacts with the center switch 322.

In analoger Weise kann durch Anbringen von Endschaltern bzw. von Winkelpositionsaufnehmern oder Winkelgebern an den beiden Achsen der Aufhängung 315, 316' der Strahlkorb 305 bei Erreichen eines vorgebbaren Schwenkwinkels des Strahlkorbes 305 zur Gabel 307 (oder zur Achse 316' der Kegelrollenlagerung 316) mittels des Schwenkzylinders 330, der doppeltwirkenden Zylinder 327, 334 oder der teleskopförmigen Auslegerbewegung, der Drehbewegung des Auslegers 101 gegenüber dem Oberwagen 103 oder der Drehbewegung des Oberwagens 103 gegenüber dem Fahrgestell 101 wieder in eine Grundstellung gebracht werden.In an analogous manner, by attaching limit switches or Angular position sensors or angle sensors on the two axes of the Suspension 315, 316 'of the jet basket 305 when a predefinable Swivel angle of the blasting basket 305 to the fork 307 (or to the axis 316 ' the tapered roller bearing 316) by means of the swivel cylinder 330, the double-acting cylinder 327, 334 or telescopic Boom movement, the rotational movement of the boom 101 relative to the Superstructure 103 or the rotational movement of the superstructure 103 the chassis 101 are brought back into a basic position.

Die Fig. 4 zeigt den Strahlkorb 405 beim Überkopfstrahlen.
Der wesentliche Unterschied gegenüber der Arbeitsweise nach Fig. 3 besteht im Ausfahren des ersten doppeltwirkenden Zylinders 427. Außerdem werden beim Überkopfstrahlen die durch die Bearbeitung entstehenden Abfallstoffe im wesentlichen über den Ablauf 414 vom Strahlkorb 405 abgeführt. Die weitere Funktionsweise, insbesondere das Ausgleichen von Abstandsänderungen zwischen dem Strahlkorb 405 und der zu bearbeitenden Fläche 411, erfolgt in analoger Weise zu der Funktionsweise, wie sie bezüglich der Fig. 3 beschrieben ist. Dabei muß beim Überkopfstrahlen ein gegenüber dem seitlichen Strahlen erhöhter Gewichtskraftanteil von den Mitteln zum Bereitstellen der Anlegekraft aufgebracht werden. Dieser Anteil kann beispielsweise mit Hilfe eines am pneumatischen Zylinder 318 angebrachten und die Erdbeschleunigung bestimmenden Beschleunigungsaufnehmer oder durch einen Winkelgeber bestimmt werden, der die Winkelposition des ersten Arms 324 in Bezug auf die erste horizontale Achse 326 bestimmt.
4 shows the blasting basket 405 during overhead blasting.
3 is the extension of the first double-acting cylinder 427. In addition, during overhead blasting, the waste materials resulting from the processing are discharged from the blasting basket 405 essentially via the outlet 414. The further mode of operation, in particular the compensation of changes in distance between the jet basket 405 and the surface 411 to be processed, takes place in an analogous manner to the mode of operation as described with reference to FIG. 3. In the case of overhead blasting, an increased proportion of the weight force compared to the lateral blasting must be applied by the means for providing the application force. This portion can be determined, for example, with the aid of an acceleration sensor attached to the pneumatic cylinder 318 and determining the acceleration due to gravity, or by an angle sensor which determines the angular position of the first arm 324 with respect to the first horizontal axis 326.

Die Fig. 5 zeigt die Aufsicht auf den Strahlkorb 505 beim Überkopfstrahlen von der zu bearbeitenden Fläche 411 aus. Dargestellt ist die Aufhängung des Strahlkorbes 505 mittels der Gabel 507 und der Kegelrollenlagerung 516. Die Rollen 510 garantieren eine reibungsarme Führung des Strahlkorbes 505 an der zu bearbeitenden Fläche 411. Die ringförmig verlaufende, mehrreihige Bürstendichtung 512 sorgt für eine zuverlässige Abdichtung des Strahlraumes gegenüber der Umwelt. Über die Zuführung 513 wird das Strahlgut zugeführt und über die Abläufe 514 wird das bei der Bearbeitung entstehende Material vom Strahlkorb 505 abgeführt.5 shows the top view of the blasting basket 505 during overhead blasting from the surface 411 to be machined. The suspension is shown the blasting basket 505 by means of the fork 507 and the tapered roller bearing 516. The rollers 510 guarantee low-friction guidance of the Blasting basket 505 on the surface to be processed 411. The ring Running, multi-row brush seal 512 ensures reliable Sealing the blasting chamber from the environment. About the feeder The blasting material is fed in 513 and this is done in the processes 514 Machining material removed from the blasting basket 505.

Claims (10)

  1. A device for working a surface (311), especially an elevating working platform (100), having a boom (304) or a platform, a working means (305) which is arranged to be applied to the surface (311) to be worked, and having arranged between the boom (304) or platform and the working means (305) means (318) for providing an application force acting on the working means (305), characterised in that the working means (305) is suspended on a suspension (307, 316) so as to be freely movable about two axes preferably forming a right angle, and the means (318) for providing the application force act on the suspension (307, 316).
  2. A device according to Claim 1, characterised in that the means for providing the application force comprise an energy storage mechanism, especially a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder (318) pressurisable with a constant pressure preferably adjustable by means of a pressure-regulating valve, and along the stroke path of the energy storage mechanism there are arranged means for detecting the stroke position of the energy storage mechanism, especially at least one position switch (321, 322).
  3. A device according to Claim 2, characterised in that the working means (305) or rather the suspension (307, 316) is rotatable with respect to the end of the boom (304) closest to the working means by means of first pneumatic, hydraulic or electrical driving means (327, 330, 334) about a first vertical axis (329) and about a first horizontal axis (326, 333) and that at least a part of the first driving means (327, 330, 334) is controllable by the means for detecting the stroke position.
  4. A device according to Claim 2 or 3, characterised in that the boom (104) is telescopically extendable and retractable by means of second pneumatic, hydraulic or electrical driving means, is rotatable with respect to a superstructure (103) about a second horizontal axis and the superstructure (103) is rotatable with respect to a substructure, especially a chassis (101), about a second vertical axis (102), and at least a part of the second driving means is controllable by the means for detecting the stroke position.
  5. A device according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the working means comprises a working enclosure (305), especially a blasting enclosure including a blasting tool for cleaning the surface.
  6. A device according to Claim 5, characterised in that the working enclosure (305) comprises a supply duct (13) for a working medium, especially for a blasting medium, and two outlets (314), especially suction apertures, arranged offset through approximately 90°.
  7. A method for operation of a device according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps:
    applying the working means (305) to the surface (311) to be worked,
    moving the working means (305) along a predeterminable path, and
    compensating for the changes in the distance between the working means (305) and the surface (311) arising through movement along the path by use of the means (318) for providing the application force.
  8. A method according to Claim 7 for operating a device according to any one of claims 4 to 6, comprising the step:
    adjusting the means (318) for providing the application force by means of the first or second driving means in accordance with control information of the means for detecting the stroke position, especially when a first position switch (321) at a first end of the stroke of the energy storage mechanism (318) is activated, until a second position switch, especially at the opposite second end of the stroke of the energy storage mechanism (318), is activated.
  9. A method according to Claim 8, characterised in that moving of the working means (305) along the predeterminable path by the extension and retraction of the boom (104) and the movement of the superstructure (103) with respect to the substructure about the second vertical axis (102) or the movement of the boom (104) with respect to the superstructure (10) about the second horizontal axis is controlled by a controlling control device, especially a stored-program control device, and the adjustment of the means (318) for providing the application force is effected by a movement of the boom (104) with respect to the superstructure (103) about the second horizontal axis and by a movement of the superstructure (103) with respect to the substructure about the second vertical axis (102).
  10. A method according to Claim 9, characterised in that the adjustment movement forms an input variable for the control of the movement of the working means (305) along the predeterminable path.
EP99913210A 1998-03-03 1999-03-02 Device for working a surface, especially a lifting platform, and a method for operating such a device Expired - Lifetime EP1060052B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19808691A DE19808691A1 (en) 1998-03-03 1998-03-03 Aerial work platform and method for operating an aerial work platform
DE19808691 1998-03-03
PCT/EP1999/001344 WO1999044788A1 (en) 1998-03-03 1999-03-02 Device for working a surface, especially a lifting platform, and a method for operating such a device

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1060052A1 EP1060052A1 (en) 2000-12-20
EP1060052B1 true EP1060052B1 (en) 2002-02-06

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99913210A Expired - Lifetime EP1060052B1 (en) 1998-03-03 1999-03-02 Device for working a surface, especially a lifting platform, and a method for operating such a device

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US (1) US6464569B1 (en)
EP (1) EP1060052B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2002505202A (en)
KR (1) KR20010041532A (en)
CN (1) CN1096916C (en)
DE (2) DE19808691A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2172984T3 (en)
WO (1) WO1999044788A1 (en)

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JP4968866B2 (en) * 2007-03-08 2012-07-04 株式会社メンテックワールド Asbestos automatic removal device and method of using the same
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US8894467B2 (en) * 2011-06-23 2014-11-25 Robert J. Santure Surface media blasting system and method
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CN106944934B (en) * 2017-04-24 2023-07-04 贵州金石车载式流动打砂机制造有限责任公司 Movable small-sized sand blasting machine with power conversion
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CN1291930A (en) 2001-04-18
DE59900829D1 (en) 2002-03-21
KR20010041532A (en) 2001-05-25
ES2172984T3 (en) 2002-10-01
US6464569B1 (en) 2002-10-15
EP1060052A1 (en) 2000-12-20
DE19808691A1 (en) 1999-09-09
JP2002505202A (en) 2002-02-19
WO1999044788A1 (en) 1999-09-10
CN1096916C (en) 2002-12-25

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