EP1056892B1 - Device and method for producing a fiber composite - Google Patents

Device and method for producing a fiber composite Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1056892B1
EP1056892B1 EP99914422A EP99914422A EP1056892B1 EP 1056892 B1 EP1056892 B1 EP 1056892B1 EP 99914422 A EP99914422 A EP 99914422A EP 99914422 A EP99914422 A EP 99914422A EP 1056892 B1 EP1056892 B1 EP 1056892B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fibres
discharge
discharge head
fibers
belt
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EP99914422A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1056892A1 (en
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Rolf Prof. Dr. Hesch
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01G—PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01G99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
    • B27N3/10—Moulding of mats
    • B27N3/14—Distributing or orienting the particles or fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01G—PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01G25/00—Lap-forming devices not integral with machines specified above
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01G—PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01G9/00—Opening or cleaning fibres, e.g. scutching cotton
    • D01G9/14—Details of machines or apparatus
    • D01G9/18—Arrangements for discharging fibres

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an apparatus and a method for Production of a fleece from fibers.
  • Such fleeces are used in particular for the production of molded parts, Insulating mats and upholstery material.
  • Cards / cards are able to be particularly fine and even Manufacture nonwovens, but they also place the highest demands the absence of shives and the degree of opening of the fibers. Your Production performance is very low with a maximum of 500 kg / h, the cost are correspondingly high.
  • bast fibers are processed that still have shives contain, so they impale on the sets of Cards / cards or sit in the holes or perforations of the sieve drums or sieve belts of aerodynamic fleece molding systems and hinder the formation of the fleece to a considerable extent complete inoperability.
  • hemp shives in particular guide the needles from the Drill the perforated plates on the steel plates. The result is that the needles break off.
  • Aerodynamic fleece molding plants place less demands on the freedom from shaving and the degree of opening of fibers.
  • the output reaches about 1,000 kg / h. But that is still not enough to reduce the costs for mass products to reach.
  • Fibers that meet these requirements of the known systems can only be produced from roasted hemp or flax straw. But roasting is a biological one Degradation process and therefore inevitably pulls a weakening of the fibers after itself. For technical purposes, fibers are of maximum strength and maximum E-module required.
  • the object of the present invention is, therefore, for nonwovens Insulation purposes, upholstery materials, etc. to manufacture, which is characterized by Mark up minimal costs. In particular, it should also such nonwovens are economically manufactured, from which molded parts with a high modulus of elasticity and high strength.
  • nonwovens can now be produced in which the two production stages mentioned, namely "shaving separation” and “fiber opening” are no longer needed because of the process and with the corresponding device according to the invention in extreme cases Uncleaned and unopened fibers can also be processed can. This eliminates the associated manufacturing costs.
  • the device according to the invention is also able to Multiples of the throughput of plants according to the state of the To provide technology. That cuts costs to a fraction.
  • unroasted, unpurified, unopened can thus Fibers with lengths between 20 and 150 mm, preferably 30 to 70 mm with or without still adhering to it and / or freely in between lying / scattered shives and / or non-fibrous components, with or without admixture of polymer recyclate and others Fibers are formed into a single or multi-layer fleece, one being far above the state of the art Throughput is achieved, namely 2,000 to 9,000 kg / h, preferably 2,000 to 4,000 kg / h at 3,000 mm working width.
  • the method according to the invention can be used with use any fibers, including synthetic, mineral, natural, including cleaned and opened, etc.
  • the exemplary embodiment of a device for applying fibers to a forming belt for producing a fiber composite, shown in FIG. 1, contains an intermediate accumulator in the form of a dosing hopper 10, in which the fibers provided for processing have lengths between 20 and 150 mm, hereinafter also referred to as long fibers. can be introduced together with any additives via a cross distributor 11.
  • the bottom of the dosing hopper 10 is formed by a bottom belt 12 which moves in the direction of the arrow P1 shown in FIG. 1, so that a material column M is formed which is moved in the direction of a discharge head A by the movement of the bottom belt 12.
  • the structure of the dosing bunker corresponds to embodiments as are known from DE-A-1084 199 or CH-A-368 301 for purposes not described in more detail there.
  • a compressor belt 13 is arranged so as to lead obliquely downwards, which moves in the direction of the arrow P2, that is to say in the same direction as the direction of the base belt 12.
  • the conveying speeds of the cross distributor 11, the base belt 12 and the compressor belt 13 are thus one above the other coordinated that the material column M builds up between the top of the bottom belt and the bottom of the compressor belt and is compressed by the latter.
  • the base band 12 is delimited on its two long sides and on its rear side by correspondingly high walls, so that the material column M consisting of long fibers and possibly their additives and supplements assumes an essentially square or rectangular cross section and continuously with said compression against the discharge head A is pushed.
  • the discharge head A consists of the first ones pointing towards the material column M. Discharge devices 20 and downstream, cooperating with them the second one pointing towards the discharge side of the discharge head A. Discharge devices 30.
  • the first discharge devices 20 consist of a plurality of preferably shafts 22 arranged vertically one above the other (FIG 3), on which laterally spaced star wheels 21 are held, the Elements 21A show essentially radial to the shaft 22 and their Front flanks 21V in the direction of rotation R1 hook or sickle-shaped are trained.
  • the second discharge devices 30 also consist of vertical superimposed shafts 32 such that the connection planes E1, E2 of the shafts 22 and 32 of the two discharge devices 20 and 30 are parallel to each other.
  • the second discharge devices 30 are star-shaped and / or prick-shaped arranged elements 31A held in the direction of R2 rotate, the directions of rotation R1, R2 of the shafts of the first and second discharge devices are in opposite directions.
  • the elements 21A and 31A are so in terms of their number and shape coordinated that their respective spheres of activity mesh.
  • a Suspension space S On the delivery side of the discharge head A thus formed is a Suspension space S provided, the upper limit of the first Nozzles 40 and solids distributors 50 is formed.
  • the nozzles 40 are used to introduce liquid additives into the suspension room S.
  • a forming belt 14 Over one Carrying table 15 guided and moved in the direction of arrow P3. On this continuously moving forming belt 14 is stored the long fibers discharged from the discharge head A in the form of a long fiber air suspension from, so that depending on the operating parameters the device a fleece 70 of adjustable thickness and Forms consistency on the ribbon.
  • Vacuum boxes 16 can on the composition and the Soak in the consistency of this fleece.
  • second nozzles 60 provided with which, for example, a sealant on the forming fleece can be applied.
  • a first coating tape 17 which as Carrier layer or top layer or barrier layer of the fleece is used.
  • this source material includes according to the invention, in particular long fibers, i.e. fibers with lengths preferably between 30 to 70 mm, which in turn is preferably made of There are natural fibers such as hemp fibers or flax fibers, that are unpurified. These long fibers can only be abandoned on the cross distributor 11 or components a mixture in which also granulate-like components such as especially shives, but also polymer parts, wood granules and Recycling foams occur, i.e. by the choice of the composition of the feed material fed onto the cross distributor 11 is basic nature of the in the invention Device generated fleece at least partially specified.
  • the Long fibers are part of a natural long fiber shaving composite, where the natural fibers and the shives are still together over partial lengths connected, i.e. are in that state in which none of the previously described, cost-intensive Additional processing steps have been carried out.
  • the described elements 21A, 31A of the first and second discharge devices act as milling organs that the Long fibers or long fiber bundles and any materials that accompany them pull out or tear out the matted material column M.
  • the function of the second discharge devices 30 is therefore a special one significant, constructively decisive for the desired goals Supplementing the function of the first discharge devices 20 in that the elements 31A provided there clear the Relaxation and acceleration of the first Discharge devices 20 cause long fibers, and thus the overall function of the Only enable discharge head A by reliably blocking prevent.
  • the two planes E1, E2 (FIG. 3) of the shaft groups 22, 32 of the first and second discharge devices arranged vertically; the Elements the second serving as clearing and accelerating rollers Discharge devices 30 have in the illustrated embodiment slightly forward-facing hook-shaped or crescent-shaped ends and perform several functions:
  • the elements 21A and 31A of the two discharge devices in a certain Scope with regard to the currently processed long fiber material can be optimized by suitable shaping; there are here from strongly curved, sickle-like shapes to pencil- or spike-like shapes, many variants conceivable, especially such Variants can also be designed to be interchangeable.
  • the speed of the shafts 32 can be in the range of 150, for example up to 1,500 rpm, so that the thrown off Long fiber elements in a kind of parabola from the delivery side of the discharge head A move away.
  • the waves 32 can the "throw” and thus the depth of the Subsequent suspension space S can be specified and thus of course also the consistency of the fleece 70 that forms.
  • liquid binders and additives are therefore only first after the long fiber material has left the discharge head A via the introduced first nozzles 40 so that a connection or Addition of such components to the long fiber elements and these, if necessary, previously added mixture components occurs immediately during the formation of the fleece, i.e. the liquid Binders, additives or foams are passed through the first nozzles 40 into the loose long fiber air suspension according to the desired one Quantity ratio sprayed or dropped.
  • This system can also be used for Introduction of solid additives such as additional ones Shives, granules or powdered binders, for this are Solids distributor 50 provided in the illustrated embodiment alternating with the first nozzles 40 above the Suspension space S are arranged.
  • First nozzles 40 and solids distributor 50 thus form one "Curtain" of the desired liquid or solid additives into the fleece 70 forming on the forming belt 14 in such a way that a largely homogeneous structure of the fleece 70 from the base materials, the long fibers, and the additional components , be it that these are already in a suitable form together with the long fibers are applied to the transverse distributor 11, be it that these are expediently or necessarily from the nozzles 40 or the solids distributors 50 if they are Conveying the material column M through the discharge head A unreasonable would complicate.
  • the fleece 70 directly on the Form ribbon 14 to be built, in the illustrated embodiment 1 is, however, a first via the forming belt 14 Coating tape 17 performed, depending on the choice of material only as Document, or with regard to the later purpose of the fleece can be selected, for example from paper, Plastic film with various functions such as as Barrier layer.
  • the forming tape 14 can be airtight or (as shown) air-permeable version (as a sieve belt) can be used; at the latter embodiment serves the vacuum boxes 16 underneath the forming belt 14, especially at high speed of the second discharge devices 30 resulting in strong turbulence smooth the long fiber material and the homogeneity of the Distribution of material across the transverse axis of the forming belt 14 improve.
  • the long fibers or the long fiber-shank composites or mixtures of the long fibers with the other constituents in the material column M in front of the discharge head A have very low bulk densities, predominantly between 10 and 20 kg / m 3 , depending on the type of fiber, fiber mixture, fiber length, Cockroach portion and other components. This requires large heights of the device according to the invention for the metering bunker 10 in order to achieve large throughputs.
  • the compressor belt 13 can first be used, and the bulk density can be increased over its length and angle of inclination to a multiple of the specified initial value, so far until a satisfactory work of the discharge head is still guaranteed with the long fiber composite currently available.
  • Another way to increase performance and Increasing the symmetry of the structure of the fleece 70 or Achieving a multi-layered nonwoven structure consists of each other facing arrangement of two constructed essentially identically Devices as shown in Figure 2.
  • the vacuum boxes 16 can increase the vertical acceleration component be used in the suspension room S, so that for example, when vacuum boxes 16 are switched on, which are shown in FIG 2 results in the shape of the parabolas, which is relatively steep, whereas when vacuum boxes are switched off and if necessary increased discharge speed of the discharge devices of the discharge heads A1, A2 a complete or partial overlap of the can be done from the two bunkers basic materials, so that with one and the same arrangement according to FIG. 2, both homogeneous, single-layer nonwovens 70, as well as two-layer nonwovens 70 alone can be built up by controlling the parameters mentioned.
  • FIG. 2 additionally shows the second discharge head A2 second nozzles 60B, for example for applying a sealant on the top of the fleece that forms, as well as a second coating tape 18 that is on top of the finished Fleece 70 can be pulled up, for example as a barrier layer, and also from a suitable material, e.g. plastic film or cardboard or paper, depending on the intended use of the fleece 70.
  • a suitable material e.g. plastic film or cardboard or paper
  • fleece 70 in a very wide physical Produce bandwidth being highlighted as particularly essential should be that with the inventive method and described device the integration of long fibers in a such fleece can be managed inexpensively and at the same time by adding suitable additives or additives appropriate physical and chemical properties of the resulting fleece 70 is defined to a very large extent
  • a fleece can be used in a very wide range tap.
  • the system according to the invention further processing stations downstream, for example a continuously operating belt press for densification of the fleece or also a heat treatment for the application of additives incorporated in the fleece, e.g. Binders, which are then activated to the fleece in its bring final final state, adapted to its intended use to be able to.
  • FIG. 4 briefly shows an exemplary embodiment of such an end product, the fleece 70 from the aforementioned first Coating tape 17 is covered on its underside and from which second coating tape 18 on its top and the front edges, accordingly, of course, the two coating tapes 17 and 18 are designed to overlap.
  • an additional layer 71 which for example, can also be formed as a fleece or also as an additional foamed layer, for example in one Thickness range from 1mm to 3mm.
  • the invention Method and the devices provided for its implementation for the first time the economic integration of long fibers, especially from unpurified natural fibers to a wide range Variety of industrially usable end products allowed, such as e.g. Insulating mats, profile parts, but also molded parts that have a high Must have inherent rigidity, in each case by adding more suitable ones Additives.
  • industrially usable end products such as e.g. Insulating mats, profile parts, but also molded parts that have a high Must have inherent rigidity, in each case by adding more suitable ones Additives.
  • the recycling of natural long fibers in particular in the uncleaned state so far in this area impossible and very desirable connection between ecology and economy possible, the specific advantages of such natural products makes it accessible to a wide range of technical applications.
  • Multi-layer nonwovens offer the possibility, especially in motor vehicle construction, To manufacture molded parts for interior cladding from natural fibers, the surface being sealed vapor-tight when pressed to e.g. Condensation, moisture penetration and mold formation in the area of natural fibers at critical points avoid. This can be done by lamination with a film, for example, by the above-mentioned connection of the fleece with the coating tape 17 or 18. According to the development explained below it is also possible, for example, the cover layers the nonwovens made from pure polymer fibers and only in the Main layer in the middle to introduce a high proportion of natural fibers.
  • the coating tape 17 and 18 has this solution the advantage that the polymer fibers when laying the three-layer fleece partly with the natural fibers of the middle layer cross over or matted and get a lot out of it forms a stronger connection between the layers than in the case of Laminating a polymer film.
  • Molded parts can be subjected to higher loads than laminated molded parts and therefore increase occupant safety in the event of a crash.
  • a two- or three-layer system can also be used for insulation production Structure of a fleece can be advantageous because there are polymer fibers connect more easily to a solid layer than Natural fibers.
  • both top layers of an insulating fleece are made from polymer fibers, the real one Insulation layer, which represents the main cross section, however, from, for example 90% natural fibers and only 10% polymer fibers as support and Binding fibers and then this fiber composite through a thermal oven runs, you get a fleece with two strong by thermobonding fused top layers of high strength, which the loose core from the natural fiber-polymer fiber mixture skin-like hold together and allow easy installation.
  • Figure 5 shows a sectional view of a third preferred Embodiment of the device according to the invention, with which described multilayer structure of a fiber composite without large Effort is possible:
  • cross-distributor 11 instead of the single cross-distributor 11 (see FIG. 1) are at illustrated embodiment for producing a three-layer Fiber composite corresponding to three cross-distributors 11A, 11B, 11C in Dosing bunkers arranged, their horizontal and vertical positioning and their conveying speed is the relative thickness of the ultimately determine formed layers of the fiber composite.
  • Each of these Cross distributor 11A, 11B, 11C serves to supply a component of the multilayer fleece, in the last-mentioned embodiment
  • the cross-distributors 11A and 11C would produce an insulating material consequently, polymer fibers convey, the cross-distributor 11B a mixture made from 90% long fibers and 10% polymer fibers.
  • the fiber layer according to FIG. 1 consequently forms three superimposed ones Material layers MA, MB, MC from, in the respective Fiber composition.
  • These layers of material are from the floor belt 12 continuously the discharge head A with its discharge devices 20 and 30 fed and from these to the multi-layer fleece ejected.
  • the speed of rotation of the discharge devices be determined so that the "throwing parabolas" of the individual fiber components of the respective material layers run that either when hitting the ribbon either a certain mixing of adjacent material layers or can set a sharp demarcation of such layers of material.
  • the sharpness of the delimitation of the individual material layers can also still through the air flow and air speed with the help of Vacuum boxes 16 are regulated.
  • the upper discharge device can be set to a higher one Speed can be set and the bottom discharge device on a lower speed than the speed of the middle one Discharge devices, so that a large spread over the Throwing parabola of the particles of the individual material layers takes place, so that there is no overlap of the lanes during the throw and thus a relatively sharp separation of the layers on the multi-layer fleece is achieved.
  • the vacuum boxes should be switched off and the discharge devices in their speed in opposite senses are controlled, so that on the one hand a longer Hovering state is reached, on the other hand, the throwing parabolas of the Particles of the superimposed layers of material up to their Impact on the ribbon mix so that over the entire thickness the resulting multiple fleece is a continuous one Material transfer between the individual layers can be achieved can.
  • the fleece shaped in this way can then be solidified Thermobonding, needling or the like can be supplied to the Allow handling in the subsequent processing operations.
  • the inventive device according to the third described Embodiment thus allows without high investment the production of a multilayer fiber composite for production a fleece, the components and their transitions to the Boundary layers made easy by control parameters that are available anyway can be selected or set.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)

Abstract

Method for the production of a fiber composite by placing fibers on a support, wherein long fibers are used at least as an essential component for the production of a nonwoven fabric (70). Said fibers are fed to at least one delivery head (A, A1, A2) substantially over the height of a material column and ejected in a sustantially horizontal manner therefrom. A long fiber-air suspension is generated by adding at least one aggregate. The suspension is directly applied on the support, which is especially shaped as a molding strip (14).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Vlieses aus Fasern.The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for Production of a fleece from fibers.

Derartige Vliese dienen insbesondere zur Herstellung von Preßformteilen, Dämmatten und Polstermaterial.Such fleeces are used in particular for the production of molded parts, Insulating mats and upholstery material.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Es sind im wesentlichen zwei Verfahren und entsprechende Vorrichtungen bekannt, um solche Vliese herzustellen: Die Formung eines Vlieses mittels Karde/Krempel und aerodynamische Vliesformanlagen.There are essentially two methods and corresponding devices known to produce such nonwovens: the formation of a Fleece by means of card / card and aerodynamic fleece molding machines.

Nachteile beider Systeme sind sehr geringe bis geringe Durchsatzleistung und daher hohe Kosten, sowie die Notwendigkeit, zumindest weitgehend gereinigte, fremdkörperfreie und geöffnete und daher teure Fasern zu verwenden.Disadvantages of both systems are very low to low throughput and therefore high costs, as well as the need, at least largely cleaned, foreign objects free and open and therefore to use expensive fibers.

Karden/Krempel sind in der Lage, besonders feine und gleichmäßige Vliese herzustellen, sie stellen aber auch die höchsten Anforderungen an die Schäbenfreiheit und den Öffnungsgrad der Fasern. Ihre Produktionsleistung ist mit maximal 500 kg/h sehr gering, die Kosten sind entsprechend hoch.Cards / cards are able to be particularly fine and even Manufacture nonwovens, but they also place the highest demands the absence of shives and the degree of opening of the fibers. Your Production performance is very low with a maximum of 500 kg / h, the cost are correspondingly high.

Werden beispielsweise Bastfasern verarbeitet, die noch Schäben enthalten, so spießen sich diese auf die Garnituren von Karden/Krempel oder setzen sich in die Bohrungen bzw. Lochungen von den Siebtrommeln oder Siebbändern von aerodynamischen Vliesformanlagen und behindern die Vliesformung in erheblichem Maße bis hin zur völligen Funktionsunfähigkeit. For example, bast fibers are processed that still have shives contain, so they impale on the sets of Cards / cards or sit in the holes or perforations of the sieve drums or sieve belts of aerodynamic fleece molding systems and hinder the formation of the fleece to a considerable extent complete inoperability.

Bei anschließender Nadelung lenken insbesondere Hanfschäben die Nadeln von den Bohrungen der Lochplatten auf die Stahlptatten ab. Die Folge ist, dass die Nadeln abbrechen.With subsequent needling, hemp shives in particular guide the needles from the Drill the perforated plates on the steel plates. The result is that the needles break off.

Aerodynamische Vliesformanlagen stellen geringere Anforderungen an die Schäbenfreiheit und den Öffnungsgrad von Fasern. Die Leistung erreicht in etwa 1.000 kg/h. Das reicht aber immer noch nicht aus, um für Massenprodukte günstige Kosten zu erreichen.Aerodynamic fleece molding plants place less demands on the freedom from shaving and the degree of opening of fibers. The output reaches about 1,000 kg / h. But that is still not enough to reduce the costs for mass products to reach.

Das Reinigen der Fasern von Schäben und das Öffnen der Fasern ist mit hohen Kosten verbunden. Darüber hinaus führen das Reinigen und besonders das Öffnen stets zu einer mehr oder minder starken mechanischen Schädigung der Fasern. Damit sind Materialverluste bis zu 40% verbunden. Letztlich können gut gereinigte und geöffnete Fasern, die somit diesen Anforderungen der bekannten Systeme Rechnung tragen, nur aus geröstetem Hanf- oder Ftachsstroh erzeugt werden. Rösten ist aber ein biologischer Abbauvorgang und zieht daher unweigerlich auch eine Schwächung der Fasern nach sich. Für technische Zwecke sind Fasern von maximaler Festigkeit und maximalem E-Modul erforderlich.Cleaning the fibers from shives and opening the fibers is expensive connected. In addition, cleaning and especially opening always lead to a more or less severe mechanical damage to the fibers. With that Material losses up to 40% connected. Ultimately, well cleaned and opened ones Fibers that meet these requirements of the known systems, can only be produced from roasted hemp or flax straw. But roasting is a biological one Degradation process and therefore inevitably pulls a weakening of the fibers after itself. For technical purposes, fibers are of maximum strength and maximum E-module required.

Andere Anlagen zur Formung von Schüttgütern dienen der Herstellung von Holzwerkstoffplatten; Endprodukte sind insbesondere Spanplatten, die im Möbelbau weitgehende Verwendung gefunden haben. Zur Herstellung solcher Platten dienen Streuverfahren, bei denen die Späne aus einem Bunker einem Stockwalzenkopf zugeführt werden und von diesem über verschiedene Zwischenbearbeitungsstufen auf eine Unterlage abgestreut werden. Ein derartiges Streuverfahren ist in der DE-A-4128 592 beschrieben, die den am nächsten kommenden Stand der Technik zeigt. Diese Technik ist jedoch nur mit leicht fließenden Faserteilchen einsetzbar. Die Fließfähigkeit der Faserteilchen hat jedoch den erheblichen Nachteil, dass nach der Abstreuung sofort eine Aushärtung und Verpressung erfolgen muss, es sind also auch hier zusätzliche Verarbeitungsstationen erforderlich, um zu einem handhabbaren Erzeugnis zu kommen.Other systems for shaping bulk materials are used to manufacture wood-based panels; End products are, in particular, chipboard, which is largely used in furniture construction Have found use. Scattering processes are used to manufacture such plates, where the chips are fed from a bunker to a stick roller head and from this to various intermediate processing stages Spreading underlay. Such a scattering process is described in DE-A-4128 592 described which shows the closest prior art. This technique can only be used with easily flowing fiber particles. The fluidity of the However, fiber particles have the significant disadvantage that immediately after scattering curing and pressing must take place, so there are additional ones here too Processing stations required to arrive at a manageable product.

Die oben erwähnte weite Palette von Endprodukten (Dämmateriatien, Polsterformteile, Preßformteile) ist mit den mit diesem Verfahren erzeugten Spankuchen nicht herstellbar.The above-mentioned wide range of end products (insulating materials, upholstered parts, Molded parts) is with the chip cakes produced with this method not produceable.

Gegenstand der ErfindungObject of the invention

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, somit Vliese für Dämmzwecke, Polstermaterialien u.a. herzustellen, welche sich durch minimale Kosten auszeichnen. Es sollen hierbei insbesondere auch solche Vliese wirtschaftlich hergestellt werden, aus denen Formteile mit einem hohen E-Modul und hoher Festigkeit geschaffen werden.The object of the present invention is, therefore, for nonwovens Insulation purposes, upholstery materials, etc. to manufacture, which is characterized by Mark up minimal costs. In particular, it should also such nonwovens are economically manufactured, from which molded parts with a high modulus of elasticity and high strength.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe gemäß den Patentansprüchen 1 und 8 gelöst.According to the invention, this object is achieved according to claims 1 and 8 solved.

Der Grundgedanke der Erfindung geht davon aus, daß sich minimale Kosten nur erzielen lassen, wenn die Zahl der Produktionsstufen auf ein Minimum reduziert und die Durchsatzleistung maximiert wird. Weiterhin müssen die derzeit üblichen Material Verluste zumindest entscheidend gesenkt werden.The basic idea of the invention assumes that there are minimal Cost can only be achieved if the number of production stages is on a minimum is reduced and throughput is maximized. Furthermore, the currently usual material losses must at least be significantly reduced.

Wie oben schon erwähnt, ist insbesondere die Produktionsstufe "Abscheidung von Schäben" oder ähnlichen granulat- oder knotenähnlichen Begleitstoffen von Fasern und die "Öffnung" (Verfeinerung) außerordentlich kostenintensiv. Außer den dabei anfallenden Betriebskosten fallen auch die durch sie bewirkten Material Verluste kostenmäßig stark ins Gewicht.As mentioned above, the production stage is particularly important "Separation of shives" or similar granules or knot-like Accompanying substances from fibers and the "opening" (refinement) extremely expensive. Except for those incurred Operating costs also drop the material losses they cause cost-heavy.

Erfindungsgemäß können nunmehr Vliese hergestellt werden, bei denen die zwei genannten Produktionsstufen, nämlich "Schäbenabscheidung" und "Faseröffnung", nicht mehr benötigt werden, da mit dem Verfahren und mit der entsprechenden erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung im Extremfall auch ungereinigte und ungeöffnete Fasern verarbeitet werden können. Dadurch entfallen die damit zusammenhängenden Herstellungskosten. According to the invention, nonwovens can now be produced in which the two production stages mentioned, namely "shaving separation" and "fiber opening" are no longer needed because of the process and with the corresponding device according to the invention in extreme cases Uncleaned and unopened fibers can also be processed can. This eliminates the associated manufacturing costs.

Hohe Festigkeit der Fasern und ein hoher E-Modul lassen sich auch nur erhalten, wenn man auf eine Röste verzichtet. Verzicht auf Röste bedeutet aber, daß die Fasern sehr viel schäbenreicher, derber und rauher ausfallen, als zur Verarbeitung nach dem Stand der Technik zwingend erforderlich ist. Auch hier kann die Erfindung eingesetzt werden, im Gegensatz zu Vliesformanlagen nach dem Stand der Technik, die mit ungerösteten Fasern, ungereinigten und nicht geöffneten Fasern überhaupt nicht arbeiten können.High strength of the fibers and a high modulus of elasticity can also be achieved only preserved if you do not use a roast. No roasting means, however, that the fibers are much rougher, coarse and turn out to be rougher than for processing according to the state of the art is imperative. The invention can also be used here are, in contrast to prior art nonwoven molding lines, those with unroasted fibers, uncleaned and unopened Fibers cannot work at all.

Von besonderem Vorteil ist aber, daß auch die damit verbundenen Materialverluste vermieden werden, was kostenmäßig noch stärker ins Gewicht fällt.However, it is particularly advantageous that the associated ones Material losses can be avoided, which is even more expensive Weight drops.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung ist darüber hinaus in der Lage, ein Vielfaches der Durchsatzleistung von Anlagen nach dem Stand der Technik zu erbringen. Das senkt die Kosten auf einen Bruchteil.The device according to the invention is also able to Multiples of the throughput of plants according to the state of the To provide technology. That cuts costs to a fraction.

Erfindungsgemäß können somit ungeröstete, ungereinigte, ungeöffnete Fasern mit Längen zwischen 20 und 150 mm, vorzugsweise 30 bis 70 mm mit oder ohne noch daran haftenden und/oder frei dazwischen liegenden/eingestreuten Schäben und/oder nicht faserartigen Bestandteilen, mit oder ohne Zumischung von Polymer-Recyclat und sonstigen Fasern zu einem ein- oder mehrschichtigen Vlies geformt werden, wobei eine weit über dem Stand der Technik liegende Durchsatzleistung erzielt wird, nämlich 2.000 bis 9.000 kg/h, vorzugsweise 2.000 bis 4.000 kg/h bei 3.000 mm Arbeitsbreite.According to the invention, unroasted, unpurified, unopened can thus Fibers with lengths between 20 and 150 mm, preferably 30 to 70 mm with or without still adhering to it and / or freely in between lying / scattered shives and / or non-fibrous components, with or without admixture of polymer recyclate and others Fibers are formed into a single or multi-layer fleece, one being far above the state of the art Throughput is achieved, namely 2,000 to 9,000 kg / h, preferably 2,000 to 4,000 kg / h at 3,000 mm working width.

Einsetzbar ist das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren aber mit Verwendung jeglicher Fasern, auch synthetischer, mineralischer, natürlicher, einschließlich gereinigter und geöffneter, etc.However, the method according to the invention can be used with use any fibers, including synthetic, mineral, natural, including cleaned and opened, etc.

Zwei Ausführungsbeispiele der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung werden anhand von Zeichnungen näher erläutert; es zeigen:

Figur 1:
Eine Schnittdarstellung einer ersten bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung,
Figur 2:
eine Schnittdarstellung einer zweiten bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung,
Figur 3:
eine Detaildarstellung der Elemente der ersten und zweiten Austragsvorrichtungen der Vorrichtungen nach Figur 1 oder 2, und
Figur 4:
eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines mit der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung hergestellten Verbundelements.
Two embodiments of the device according to the invention are explained in more detail with reference to drawings; show it:
Figure 1:
A sectional view of a first preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention,
Figure 2:
2 shows a sectional illustration of a second preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention,
Figure 3:
a detailed representation of the elements of the first and second discharge devices of the devices of Figure 1 or 2, and
Figure 4:
a perspective view of an embodiment of a composite element produced with the device according to the invention.

Das in Figur 1 dargestellte Ausführungsbeispiel einer Vorrichtung zur Aufbringung von Fasern auf ein Formband zur Herstellung eines Faserverbundes beinhaltet einen Zwischenspreicher in Form eines Dosierbunkers 10, in dem die zur Verarbeitung vorgesehenen Fasern mit Längen zwischen 20 und 150 mm, im folgenden auch als Langfasern bezeichnet, zusammen mit eventuellen Zusätzen über einen Querverteiler 11 eingebracht werden. Den Boden des Dosierbunkers 10 bildet ein Bodenband 12, das sich in Richtung des in Figur 1 dargestellten Pfeils P1 bewegt, so dass sich eine Materialsäule M bildet, die durch die Bewegung des Bodenbandes 12 in Richtung eines Austragkopfes A bewegt wird. Insoweit entspricht der Aufbau des Dosierbunkers Ausführungsformen, wie sie aus der DE-A-1084 199 oder der CH-A-368 301 für dort nicht näher beschriebene Zwecke bekannt sind.
Auf der Oberseite des erfindungsgemäß bevorzugten Dosierbunkers 10 ist ein Verdichterband 13 schräg nach unten führend angeordnet, das sich in Richtung des Pfeiles P2 bewegt, also gleichlaufend mit der Richtung des Bodenbandes 12. Die Fördergeschwindigkeiten von Querverteiler 11, Bodenband 12 und Verdichterband 13 sind so aufeinander abgestimmt, dass die Materialsäule M sich zwischen der Oberseite des Bodenbandes und der Unterseite des Verdichterbandes aufbaut und von letzterem verdichtet wird. Das Bodenband 12 ist an seinen beiden Längsseiten und an seiner Rückseite von entsprechend hohen Wandungen begrenzt, so dass die aus Langfasem und ggf. deren Zusatz- und Ergänzungsstoffen bestehende Materialsäule M einen im wesentlichen quadratischen oder rechteckigen Querschnitt annimmt und kontinuierlich unter besagter Verdichtung gegen den Austragskopf A geschoben wird. The exemplary embodiment of a device for applying fibers to a forming belt for producing a fiber composite, shown in FIG. 1, contains an intermediate accumulator in the form of a dosing hopper 10, in which the fibers provided for processing have lengths between 20 and 150 mm, hereinafter also referred to as long fibers. can be introduced together with any additives via a cross distributor 11. The bottom of the dosing hopper 10 is formed by a bottom belt 12 which moves in the direction of the arrow P1 shown in FIG. 1, so that a material column M is formed which is moved in the direction of a discharge head A by the movement of the bottom belt 12. In this respect, the structure of the dosing bunker corresponds to embodiments as are known from DE-A-1084 199 or CH-A-368 301 for purposes not described in more detail there.
On the top of the dosing hopper 10 preferred according to the invention, a compressor belt 13 is arranged so as to lead obliquely downwards, which moves in the direction of the arrow P2, that is to say in the same direction as the direction of the base belt 12. The conveying speeds of the cross distributor 11, the base belt 12 and the compressor belt 13 are thus one above the other coordinated that the material column M builds up between the top of the bottom belt and the bottom of the compressor belt and is compressed by the latter. The base band 12 is delimited on its two long sides and on its rear side by correspondingly high walls, so that the material column M consisting of long fibers and possibly their additives and supplements assumes an essentially square or rectangular cross section and continuously with said compression against the discharge head A is pushed.

Der Austragskopf A besteht aus ersten, zur Materialsäule M zeigenden Austragsvorrichtungen 20 und mit dieser zusammenarbeitenden, nachgeschalteten, zur Abgabeseite des Austragskopfes A zeigenden zweiten Austragsvorrichtungen 30.The discharge head A consists of the first ones pointing towards the material column M. Discharge devices 20 and downstream, cooperating with them the second one pointing towards the discharge side of the discharge head A. Discharge devices 30.

Die ersten Austragsvorrichtungen 20 bestehen aus einer Vielzahl von vorzugsweise senkrecht übereinander angeordneten Wellen 22 (Figur 3), auf der seitlich beabstandet Sternräder 21 gehalten sind, deren Elemente 21A im wesentlichen radial zur Welle 22 zeigen und deren Vorderflanken 21V in Drehrichtung R1 haken- oder sichelförmig ausgebildet sind.The first discharge devices 20 consist of a plurality of preferably shafts 22 arranged vertically one above the other (FIG 3), on which laterally spaced star wheels 21 are held, the Elements 21A show essentially radial to the shaft 22 and their Front flanks 21V in the direction of rotation R1 hook or sickle-shaped are trained.

Die zweiten Austragsvorrichtungen 30 bestehen ebenfalls aus senkrecht übereinander angeordneten Wellen 32, derart, daß die Verbindungsebenen E1,E2 der Wellen 22 und 32 der beiden Austragsvorrichtungen 20 und 30 parallel zueinander liegen. Auf den Wellen 32 der zweiten Austragsvorrichtungen 30 sind stern- und/oder stachelförmig angeordnete Elemente 31A gehalten, die sich in Richtung R2 drehen, wobei die Rotationsrichtungen R1,R2 der Wellen der ersten und zweiten Austragsvorrichtungen gegenläufig sind. Die Elemente 21A und 31A sind dabei hinsichtlich ihrer Zahl und ihrer Formgebung so aufeinander abgestimmt, daß ihre jeweiligen Wirkungsbereiche ineinandergreifen.The second discharge devices 30 also consist of vertical superimposed shafts 32 such that the connection planes E1, E2 of the shafts 22 and 32 of the two discharge devices 20 and 30 are parallel to each other. On the waves 32 the second discharge devices 30 are star-shaped and / or prick-shaped arranged elements 31A held in the direction of R2 rotate, the directions of rotation R1, R2 of the shafts of the first and second discharge devices are in opposite directions. The elements 21A and 31A are so in terms of their number and shape coordinated that their respective spheres of activity mesh.

Auf der Abgabeseite des derart gebildeten Austragskopfes A ist ein Suspensionsraum S vorgesehen, dessen obere Begrenzung von ersten Düsen 40 und Feststoffverteilern 50 gebildet wird. Die Düsen 40 dienen zur Einbringung von flüssigen Zusatzstoffen in den Suspensionsraum S.On the delivery side of the discharge head A thus formed is a Suspension space S provided, the upper limit of the first Nozzles 40 and solids distributors 50 is formed. The nozzles 40 are used to introduce liquid additives into the suspension room S.

Unterhalb des Suspensionsraumes S ist ein Formband 14 über einen Tragtisch 15 geführt und in Richtung des Pfeils P3 bewegt. Auf diesem sich kontinuierlich fortbewegenden Formband 14 lagern sich die vom Austragskopf A abgegebenen Langfasern in Form einer Langfaser-Luft-Suspension ab, so daß sich abhängig von den Betriebsparametern der Vorrichtung ein Vlies 70 einstellbarer Dicke und Konsistenz auf dem Formband bildet.Below the suspension space S is a forming belt 14 over one Carrying table 15 guided and moved in the direction of arrow P3. On this continuously moving forming belt 14 is stored the long fibers discharged from the discharge head A in the form of a long fiber air suspension from, so that depending on the operating parameters the device a fleece 70 of adjustable thickness and Forms consistency on the ribbon.

Unterdruckkästen 16 können auf die Zusammensetzung und die Konsistenz dieses Vlieses einwirken.Vacuum boxes 16 can on the composition and the Soak in the consistency of this fleece.

Im Bereich unterhalb des Austragskopfes A sind zweite Düsen 60 vorgesehen, mit denen beispielsweise ein Versiegelungsmittel auf das sich bildende Vlies aufgetragen werden kann.In the area below the discharge head A there are second nozzles 60 provided with which, for example, a sealant on the forming fleece can be applied.

Bei der dargestellten bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist über dem Formband 14 zusätzlich ein erstes Beschichtungsband 17 geführt, das als Trägerschicht oder Deckschicht oder Sperrschicht des Vlieses dient.In the preferred embodiment shown is above the forming belt 14 additionally guided a first coating tape 17, which as Carrier layer or top layer or barrier layer of the fleece is used.

Zunächst soll die grundsätzliche Funktion dieser Vorrichtung erläutert werden:First, the basic function of this device are explained:

Auf dem Querverteiler 11 wird der Ausgangsstoff oder auch Basisstoff des zu bildenden Vlieses 70 aufgegeben; dieser Ausgangsstoff beinhaltet erfindungsgemäß insbesondere Langfasern, d.h., Fasern mit Längen vorzugsweise zwischen 30 bis 70 mm, die wiederum vorzugsweise aus Naturfasern wie beispielsweise Hanffasern oder Flachsfasern bestehen, die ungereinigt sind. Diese Langfasern können ausschließlich auf dem Querverteiler 11 aufgegeben werden oder auch Bestandteile eines Gemischs sein, in dem auch granulatähnliche Bestandteile wie insbesondere Schäben, aber auch Polymerteile, Holzgranulate und Recyclingschäume vorkommen, d.h., durch die Wahl der Zusammensetzung des auf den Querverteiler 11 aufgegebenen Ausgangsmaterials ist die grundsätzliche Beschaffenheit des in der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung erzeugten Vlieses zumindest teilweise vorgegeben.On the cross distributor 11 is the starting material or base material of the fleece 70 to be formed; this source material includes According to the invention, in particular long fibers, i.e. fibers with lengths preferably between 30 to 70 mm, which in turn is preferably made of There are natural fibers such as hemp fibers or flax fibers, that are unpurified. These long fibers can only be abandoned on the cross distributor 11 or components a mixture in which also granulate-like components such as especially shives, but also polymer parts, wood granules and Recycling foams occur, i.e. by the choice of the composition of the feed material fed onto the cross distributor 11 is basic nature of the in the invention Device generated fleece at least partially specified.

Insbesondere ist es hierbei möglich und wünschenswert, daß die Langfasern Bestandteil eines Natur-Langfaser-Schäbenverbundes sind, bei dem die Naturfasern und die Schäben über Teillängen noch miteinander verbunden sind, d.h. sich in demjenigen Zustand befinden, in dem noch keine der einleitend beschriebenen, kostenintensiven Zusatzverarbeitungsschritte ausgeführt worden sind. In particular, it is possible and desirable that the Long fibers are part of a natural long fiber shaving composite, where the natural fibers and the shives are still together over partial lengths connected, i.e. are in that state in which none of the previously described, cost-intensive Additional processing steps have been carried out.

Diese Langfasern bilden nun alleine oder zusammen mit den erwähnten Gemischbestandteilen den Inhalt des sich langsam füllenden Dosierbunkers 10 und gelangen folglich zum Austragskopf A, dessen Aufbau oben erläutert wurde. Die beschriebenen Elemente 21A,31A der ersten und zweiten Austragsvorrichtungen wirken als Fräsorgane, die die Langfasern oder Langfaserbündel und sie ggf. begleitenden Stoffe aus der verfilzten Materialsäule M herausziehen oder herausreißen.These long fibers now form alone or together with the mentioned Mixture components the content of the slowly filling dosing hopper 10 and consequently arrive at the discharge head A, the structure of which was explained above. The described elements 21A, 31A of the first and second discharge devices act as milling organs that the Long fibers or long fiber bundles and any materials that accompany them pull out or tear out the matted material column M.

Je länger die Langfasern und je stärker sie verfilzt sind, umso schwieriger wird ihre Passage durch den Austragskopf nach außen hin; die Verstopfungsgefahr nimmt in diesem entscheidenden Bereich mit steigender Faserlänge, steigendem Verfilzungs- und Verhakungsgrad und besonders auch mit steigendem Anteil nicht vollständig von den Langfasern gelösten Schäben stark zu. Ein besonderes Erschwernis ergibt sich hierbei aus der Zumischung dickerer und daher steiferer Polymerfasern, was darin resultiert, daß ohne zusätzliche Maßnahmen die Austragsleistung entsprechend zurückgeht bis hin zur völligen Verstopfung der ersten Austragsvorrichtungen 20. Die Funktion der zweiten Austragsvorrichtungen 30 ist folglich eine besonders bedeutsame, für die angestrebten Ziele konstruktiv entscheidende Ergänzung der Funktion der ersten Austragsvorrichtungen 20 dahingehend, daß die dort vorgesehenen Elemente 31A die Räumung, Lockerung und Beschleunigung der von den ersten Austragsvorrichtungen 20 erfaßten Langfasern bewirken, und somit insbesondere bei stark filzendem Material die Gesamtfunktion des Austragskopfes A erst ermöglichen, indem sie Verstopfungen zuverlässig verhindern.The longer the long fibers and the more matted they are, the more Their passage to the outside becomes more difficult through the discharge head; the risk of constipation increases in this crucial area increasing fiber length, increasing degree of entanglement and entanglement and especially not with increasing proportion of the Long fibers severely loosened shives. A particular complication results from the admixture of thicker and therefore stiffer Polymer fibers, which results in that without additional measures the discharge performance decreases accordingly to the complete Blockage of the first discharge devices 20. The function of the second discharge devices 30 is therefore a special one significant, constructively decisive for the desired goals Supplementing the function of the first discharge devices 20 in that the elements 31A provided there clear the Relaxation and acceleration of the first Discharge devices 20 cause long fibers, and thus the overall function of the Only enable discharge head A by reliably blocking prevent.

Beim dargestellten besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsbeispiel sind die beiden Ebenen E1,E2 (Figur 3) der Wellengruppen 22,32 der ersten und zweiten Austragsvorrichtungen vertikal angeordnet; die Elemente der als Räum- und Beschleunigungswalzen dienenden zweiten Austragsvorrichtungen 30 weisen beim dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel leicht nach vorne gerichtete haken-oder sichelförmige Enden auf und erfüllen mehrere Funktionen: In the illustrated particularly advantageous embodiment the two planes E1, E2 (FIG. 3) of the shaft groups 22, 32 of the first and second discharge devices arranged vertically; the Elements the second serving as clearing and accelerating rollers Discharge devices 30 have in the illustrated embodiment slightly forward-facing hook-shaped or crescent-shaped ends and perform several functions:

Zunächst greifen sie mit erhöhter Drehzahl zwischen die Elemente 21A der ersten Austragsvorrichtungen 20 ein und reißen das im Austrag befindliche, die Langfasern enthaltene Material beschleunigt heraus. Dadurch wird der Durchtritt des Langfasermaterials durch die rotierenden Elemente 21A stark beschleunigt, Verstopfungen und Verwicklungen zuverlässig vermieden, und somit die Leistung der Gesamtanlage erhöht. Es versteht sich von selbst, daß die Form der Elemente 21A und 31A der beiden Austragsvorrichtungen in gewissem Umfang hinsichtlich des aktuell verarbeiteten Langfasermaterials durch eine geeignete Formgebung optimiert werden kann; es sind hierbei von stark gekrümmten, sichelähnlichen Formen bis zu stift- oder stachelähnlichen Formen viele Varianten denkbar, zumal solche Varianten konstruktiv auch austauschbar ausgelegt sein können.First, they reach between the elements 21A at increased speed of the first discharge devices 20 and tear it in the discharge existing material containing the long fibers accelerates out. This will allow the long fiber material to pass through rotating elements 21A greatly accelerated, blockages and Reliably avoided tangles, and thus the performance of the Overall system increased. It goes without saying that the shape of the Elements 21A and 31A of the two discharge devices in a certain Scope with regard to the currently processed long fiber material can be optimized by suitable shaping; there are here from strongly curved, sickle-like shapes to pencil- or spike-like shapes, many variants conceivable, especially such Variants can also be designed to be interchangeable.

Eventuell entstehende Verklumpungen der Fasern können auch durch eine erhöhte Drehzahl der Elemente 31A der zweiten Austragsvorrichtungen 30 wieder vollständig aufgelöst werden, was von besonderer Bedeutung für die Qualität der Vliese hinsichtlich Festigkeit als auch Homogenität der Flächengewichtsverteilung ist.Possible clumping of the fibers can also result from an increased speed of the elements 31A of the second Discharge devices 30 are completely dissolved again, what of particular importance for the quality of the nonwovens in terms of Strength as well as homogeneity of the basis weight distribution is.

Die Drehzahl der Wellen 32 kann beispielsweise im Bereich von 150 bis 1.500 UpM stufenlos eingestellt werden, so daß sich die abgeworfenen Langfaserelemente in einer Art Wurfparabel von der Abgabeseite des Austragskopfes A weg bewegen. Durch die Wahl der Drehzahl der Wellen 32 kann die "Wurfweite" und somit die Tiefe des anschließenden Suspensionsraum S vorgegeben werden und damit natürlich auch die Konsistenz des sich bildenden Vlieses 70.The speed of the shafts 32 can be in the range of 150, for example up to 1,500 rpm, so that the thrown off Long fiber elements in a kind of parabola from the delivery side of the discharge head A move away. By choosing the speed the waves 32 can the "throw" and thus the depth of the Subsequent suspension space S can be specified and thus of course also the consistency of the fleece 70 that forms.

Zu einer noch weitergehenderen Definition der "Wurfbahnen" von in übereinander angeordneten Austragsvorrichtungen abgegebenen Langfaserelementen können die einzelnen, übereinander angeordneten Wellen der zweiten Austragsvorrichtungen 30 mit unterschiedlich hoher Drehzahl betrieben werden, z.B. mit nach oben hin zunehmender Drehzahl, so daß das Langfasermaterial von der unteren Beschleunigungsebene nur geringfügig weit geschleudert wird, während das Langfasermaterial von der am schnellsten arbeitenden obersten Walze 32 in einer weiten Wurfparabel abgeschleudert und verwirbelt wird. Damit kann das gesamte Langfasermaterial somit weiter auseinandergezogen werden und zu einer sehr lockeren Langfaser-Luft-Suspension aufgelöst werden.For an even broader definition of the "throwing tracks" from in dispensed long fiber elements dispensed one above the other can the individual, arranged one above the other Shafts of the second discharge devices 30 with different operated at high speed, e.g. with increasing upwards Speed, so that the long fiber material from the lower acceleration level is thrown only slightly, while the Long fiber material from the fastest working top roller 32 is thrown and swirled in a wide throwing parabola. The entire long fiber material can thus be pulled further apart and become a very loose long fiber air suspension be resolved.

Die Steuerung dieser Vorgänge und damit die Einflußnahme auf die Konsistenz und die Dichteverteilung der abgeschleuderten Langfaserelemente ist für die Zugabe von insbesondere flüssigen Zusatzstoffen, die den Langfasern bzw. den Gemischteilen zugegeben werden sollen von besonderer Bedeutung, wie im folgenden erläutert wird:The control of these processes and thus the influence on the Consistency and the density distribution of the thrown off long fiber elements is for the addition of especially liquid Additives that are added to the long fibers or the mixture parts should be of particular importance, as explained below becomes:

Im Gegensatz zu kurzen Fasern bis zu etwa 20 mm Länge lassen sich die hier verarbeiteten Langfasern nicht vor der Vliesformung mit Bindemitteln oder anderen Additiven beaufschlagen. Im flüssigen Zustand würden die Fasern zu weich werden und ein Ankleben an den Austragsvorrichtungen 20 und 30 verursachen, so daß eine ordnungsgemäße Vliesformung nicht mehr möglich wäre. Trockene Klebstoffe oder sonstige Additive würden gar nicht erst an Langfasern haften. Erfindungsgemäß werden daher flüssige Bindemittel und Additive erst nach Austritt des Langfasermaterials aus dem Austragskopf A über die ersten Düsen 40 eingebracht, so daß eine Verbindung bzw. eine Zumischung solcher Bestandteile zu den Langfaserelementen und den diesen gegebenenfalls vorher zugegebenen Gemischbestandteilen erst unmittelbar bei der Vliesbildung erfolgt, d.h., die flüssigen Bindemittel, Additive oder Schäume werden über die ersten Düsen 40 in die lockere Langfaser-Luftsuspension entsprechend dem gewünschten Mengenverhältnis eingesprüht oder eingetropft.In contrast to short fibers up to about 20 mm in length, the long fibers processed here are not used before the fleece is formed Apply binders or other additives. In the liquid Condition, the fibers would become too soft and stick to the Discharge devices 20 and 30 cause, so that a proper Fleece molding would no longer be possible. Dry adhesives or other additives would not even stick to long fibers. According to the invention, liquid binders and additives are therefore only first after the long fiber material has left the discharge head A via the introduced first nozzles 40 so that a connection or Addition of such components to the long fiber elements and these, if necessary, previously added mixture components occurs immediately during the formation of the fleece, i.e. the liquid Binders, additives or foams are passed through the first nozzles 40 into the loose long fiber air suspension according to the desired one Quantity ratio sprayed or dropped.

Dieses System kann sinngemäß auch Anwendung finden für die Einbringung von festen Zusatzstoffen wie beispielsweise zusätzlichen Schäben, Granulaten oder pulverförmigen Bindemitteln, hierzu sind Feststoffverteiler 50 vorgesehen, die beim dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel abwechselnd mit den ersten Düsen 40 oberhalb des Suspensionsraumes S angeordnet sind. This system can also be used for Introduction of solid additives such as additional ones Shives, granules or powdered binders, for this are Solids distributor 50 provided in the illustrated embodiment alternating with the first nozzles 40 above the Suspension space S are arranged.

Erste Düsen 40 und Feststoffverteiler 50 bilden somit einen "Vorhang" von den jeweils gewünschten flüssigen oder festen Zusatzstoffen in das sich auf dem Formband 14 bildende Vlies 70 derart, daß ein weitgehend homogener Aufbau des Vlieses 70 aus den Grundmaterialien, den Langfasern, und den Zusatzbestandteilen erreicht wird, sei es nun, daß diese bereits in geeigneter Form zusammen mit den Langfasern auf dem Querverteiler 11 aufgebracht werden, sei es, daß diese zweckmäßigerweise oder notwendigerweise von den Düsen 40 oder den Feststoffverteilern 50 aufgebracht werden, wenn sie das Fördern der Materialsäule M durch den Austragskopf A unzumutbar erschweren würden.First nozzles 40 and solids distributor 50 thus form one "Curtain" of the desired liquid or solid additives into the fleece 70 forming on the forming belt 14 in such a way that a largely homogeneous structure of the fleece 70 from the base materials, the long fibers, and the additional components , be it that these are already in a suitable form together with the long fibers are applied to the transverse distributor 11, be it that these are expediently or necessarily from the nozzles 40 or the solids distributors 50 if they are Conveying the material column M through the discharge head A unreasonable would complicate.

Zweckmäßigerweise wird man die Zugabe der Zusatzstoffe in diesem Sinne daher so optimieren, daß maximale Austragsleistungen der Vorrichtung erzielt werden.It is expedient to add the additives in this Therefore, optimize the senses so that the maximum output of the Device can be achieved.

Grundsätzlich ist es möglich, das Vlies 70 unmittelbar auf dem Formband 14 sich aufbauen zu lassen, beim dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel der Figur 1 ist jedoch über das Formband 14 ein erstes Beschichtungsband 17 geführt, das je nach Materialwahl lediglich als Unterlage, oder auch im Hinblick auf den späteren Verwendungszweck des Vlieses gewählt werden kann, also beispielsweise aus Papier, Kunststoffolie mit verschiedenen Funktionen wie z.B. als Sperrschicht.In principle, it is possible to place the fleece 70 directly on the Form ribbon 14 to be built, in the illustrated embodiment 1 is, however, a first via the forming belt 14 Coating tape 17 performed, depending on the choice of material only as Document, or with regard to the later purpose of the fleece can be selected, for example from paper, Plastic film with various functions such as as Barrier layer.

In ähnlicher Weise ist es möglich, über die zweiten Düsen 60 auf das sich bildende Vlies 70 ein Versiegelungsmittel aufzubringen oder auch ein Klebemittel zur besseren Haftung des Vlieses 70 auf dem ersten Beschichtungsband.Similarly, it is possible to spray onto the second nozzle 60 forming fleece 70 to apply a sealant or also an adhesive for better adhesion of the fleece 70 on the first coating tape.

Das Formband 14 kann in luftundurchlässiger oder (wie dargestellt) luftdurchlässiger Ausführung (als Siebband) eingesetzt werden; bei letztgenannter Ausführungsform dienen die Unterdruckkästen 16 unterhalb des Formbandes 14 dazu, die besonders bei hoher Drehzahl der zweiten Austragsvorrichtungen 30 resultierende starke Verwirbelung des Langfasermaterials zu glätten und die Homogenität der Materialverteilung über die Querachse des Formbandes 14 zu verbessern.The forming tape 14 can be airtight or (as shown) air-permeable version (as a sieve belt) can be used; at the latter embodiment serves the vacuum boxes 16 underneath the forming belt 14, especially at high speed of the second discharge devices 30 resulting in strong turbulence smooth the long fiber material and the homogeneity of the Distribution of material across the transverse axis of the forming belt 14 improve.

Zur Steigerung der Leistung und zur Erzeugung eines noch weiter optimierten Vliesaufbaus sind folgende Maßnahmen möglich:To increase performance and generate even more The following measures are possible for optimized fleece construction:

Die Langfasern bzw. die Langfaser-Schäben-Verbunde bzw. Mischungen der Langfasern mit den übrigen Bestandteilen in der Materialsäule M vor dem Austragskopf A weisen sehr geringe Schüttgewichte überwiegend zwischen 10 und 20 kg/m3 auf, je nach Faserart, Fasermischung, Faserlänge, Schäbenanteil und anderen Bestandteilen. Das erfordert zur Erzielung großer Durchsätze große Bauhöhen der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung für den Dosierbunker 10. Zur Erhöhung der Durchsatzleistung bei niedrigeren Baugrößen kann zunächst das Verdichterband 13 herangezogen werden, und über dessen Länge und Neigungswinkel die Schüttdichte bis auf ein Vielfaches des angegebenen Anfangswertes erhöht werden, so weit, bis noch eine zufriedenstellende Arbeit des Austragskopfes bei dem aktuell vorliegenden Langfaserverbund gewährleistet ist.The long fibers or the long fiber-shank composites or mixtures of the long fibers with the other constituents in the material column M in front of the discharge head A have very low bulk densities, predominantly between 10 and 20 kg / m 3 , depending on the type of fiber, fiber mixture, fiber length, Cockroach portion and other components. This requires large heights of the device according to the invention for the metering bunker 10 in order to achieve large throughputs. To increase the throughput capacity in the case of smaller sizes, the compressor belt 13 can first be used, and the bulk density can be increased over its length and angle of inclination to a multiple of the specified initial value, so far until a satisfactory work of the discharge head is still guaranteed with the long fiber composite currently available.

Eine weitere Möglichkeit zur Steigerung der Leistung und zur Erhöhung der Symmetrie des Aufbaus des Vlieses 70 oder auch zur Erzielung eines mehrschichtigen Vliesaufbaus besteht in der einander zugewandten Anordnung von zwei im wesentlichen baugleich aufgebauten Vorrichtungen, wie dies in Figur 2 dargestellt ist.Another way to increase performance and Increasing the symmetry of the structure of the fleece 70 or Achieving a multi-layered nonwoven structure consists of each other facing arrangement of two constructed essentially identically Devices as shown in Figure 2.

Der grundsätzliche Aufbau und die grundsätzliche Funktionsweise ist hierbei wie unter Figur 1 beschrieben, so daß lediglich noch auf zusätzliche Bauteile und entsprechende Wirkungen eingegangen wird:The basic structure and the basic mode of operation is here as described in Figure 1, so that only on additional components and corresponding effects are received:

Beim in Figur 2 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel sind die "Wurfparabeln" der von den beiden gegenüber angeordneten Austragsköpfen A1,A2, von Dosierbunkern 10A,10B angelieferten Langfaserelemente so gewählt, daß diese sich nicht überlappen, d.h., es wird als Ergebnis ein zweischichtiges Vlies 70 entstehen, wenn die Zusammensetzung der die Langfasern enthaltenden Gemische in den beiden Materialsäulen M1,M2 unterschiedlich vorgegeben wird. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, die Charakteristik des Aufbaus des Vlieses 70 durch ein konzentriertes Zusammenwirken der Abwurfgeschwindigkeiten der Austragsvorrichtungen der beiden Austragsköpfe A1,A2 und der Wirkung der Unterdruckkästen 16 zu definieren: Die Unterdruckkästen 16 können hierbei zu einer Vergrößerung der vertikalen Beschleunigungskomponente im Suspensionsraum S herangezogen werden, so daß beispielsweise bei eingeschalteten Unterdruckkästen 16 die in Figur 2 dargestellte Form der Wurfparabeln ergibt, die relativ steil ist, wogegen bei abgeschalteten Unterdruckkästen und gegebenenfalls erhöhter Abwurfgeschwindigkeit der Austragsvorrichtungen der Austragsköpfe A1,A2 eine vollständige oder teilweise Überlappung der von den beiden Bunkern stammenden Grundmaterialien erfolgen kann, so daß mit ein- und derselben Anordnung gemäß Figur 2 sowohl homogene, einschichtige Vliese 70, als auch zweischichtige Vliese 70 allein durch Steuerung der genannten Parameter aufgebaut werden können.In the embodiment shown in Figure 2 are "Throwing parabolas" of the two discharge heads arranged opposite each other A1, A2, long fiber elements delivered by dosing bunkers 10A, 10B chosen so that they do not overlap, i.e. it will as a result, a two-layer nonwoven 70 is formed when the Composition of the mixtures containing the long fibers in the two material columns M1, M2 is specified differently. It is however, the characteristics of the construction of the fleece 70 are also possible through a concentrated interaction of the discharge speeds the discharge devices of the two discharge heads A1, A2 and Define the effect of the vacuum boxes 16: The vacuum boxes 16 can increase the vertical acceleration component be used in the suspension room S, so that for example, when vacuum boxes 16 are switched on, which are shown in FIG 2 results in the shape of the parabolas, which is relatively steep, whereas when vacuum boxes are switched off and if necessary increased discharge speed of the discharge devices of the discharge heads A1, A2 a complete or partial overlap of the can be done from the two bunkers basic materials, so that with one and the same arrangement according to FIG. 2, both homogeneous, single-layer nonwovens 70, as well as two-layer nonwovens 70 alone can be built up by controlling the parameters mentioned.

Figur 2 zeigt ergänzend noch dem zweiten Austragskopf A2 zugeordnete zweite Düsen 60B, beispielsweise zur Anbringung eines Versiegelungsmittels auf die Oberseite des sich bildenden Vlieses, sowie ein zweites Beschichtungsband 18, das auf die Oberseite des fertigen Vlieses 70 aufgezogen werden kann, beispielsweise als Sperrschicht, und das ebenfalls aus geeignetem Material, wie z.B. Kunststoffolie oder Karton oder Papier bestehen kann, je nach späterem Verwendungszweck des Vlieses 70.FIG. 2 additionally shows the second discharge head A2 second nozzles 60B, for example for applying a sealant on the top of the fleece that forms, as well as a second coating tape 18 that is on top of the finished Fleece 70 can be pulled up, for example as a barrier layer, and also from a suitable material, e.g. plastic film or cardboard or paper, depending on the intended use of the fleece 70.

Mit der vorbeschriebenen Anlage und dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren lassen sich somit Vliese 70 in einer sehr weiten physikalischen Bandbreite herstellen, wobei als besonders wesentlich hervorgehoben werden soll, daß mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren und der beschriebenen Vorrichtung die Einbindung von Langfasern in ein derartiges Vlies kostengünstig bewältigt werden kann und gleichzeitig durch Zugabe geeigneter Additive oder Zuschlagstoffe an geeigneter Stelle die physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften des entstehenden Vlieses 70 in einem sehr weiten Umfang definiert werden können, die einem solchen Vlies einen sehr weiten Einsatzbereich erschließen. Hierzu ist es natürlich noch in bekannter Weise möglich, der erfindungsgemäßen Anlage weitere Verarbeitungsstationen nachzuschalten, beispielsweise eine kontinuierlich arbeitende Bandpresse zur Verdichtung des Vlieses oder auch eine Wärmebehandlung zur Beaufschlagung von im Vlies eingebrachten Additiven wie z.B. Bindemitteln, die dann aktiviert werden, um das Vlies dann in seinen endgültigen Endzustand, angepaßt auf seinen Verwendungszweck bringen zu können.With the system described above and the method according to the invention can thus fleece 70 in a very wide physical Produce bandwidth, being highlighted as particularly essential should be that with the inventive method and described device the integration of long fibers in a such fleece can be managed inexpensively and at the same time by adding suitable additives or additives appropriate physical and chemical properties of the resulting fleece 70 is defined to a very large extent Such a fleece can be used in a very wide range tap. For this it is of course still in a known manner possible, the system according to the invention further processing stations downstream, for example a continuously operating belt press for densification of the fleece or also a heat treatment for the application of additives incorporated in the fleece, e.g. Binders, which are then activated to the fleece in its bring final final state, adapted to its intended use to be able to.

Figur 4 zeigt kurz noch ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines solchen Endproduktes, wobei das Vlies 70 von dem schon erwähnten ersten Beschichtungsband 17 auf seiner Unterseite bedeckt ist und von dem zweiten Beschichtungsband 18 auf seiner Oberseite und den Stirnkanten, dementsprechend müssen natürlich die beiden Beschichtungsbänder 17 und 18 überlappend ausgeführt sein.FIG. 4 briefly shows an exemplary embodiment of such an end product, the fleece 70 from the aforementioned first Coating tape 17 is covered on its underside and from which second coating tape 18 on its top and the front edges, accordingly, of course, the two coating tapes 17 and 18 are designed to overlap.

Unterhalb des Vlieses 70 befindet sich eine Zusatzschicht 71, die beispielsweise ebenfalls als Vlies ausgebildet sein kann oder auch als zusätzlich aufgeschäumte Schicht, beispielsweise in einem Dickenbereich von 1mm bis 3mm.Below the fleece 70 there is an additional layer 71 which for example, can also be formed as a fleece or also as an additional foamed layer, for example in one Thickness range from 1mm to 3mm.

Zusammenfassend läßt sich daher feststellen, daß das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren und die zu dessen Durchführung vorgesehenen Vorrichtungen erstmalig die wirtschaftliche Einbindung von Langfasern, insbesondere auch von ungereinigten Naturfasern in eine breite Vielzahl von industriell verwertbaren Endprodukten gestattet, wie z.B. Dämmatten, Profilteilen, aber auch Formteilen, die eine hohe Eigensteifigkeit aufweisen müssen, jeweils durch Zugabe geeigneter Additive. Insofern ist mit der Verwertung insbesondere von Natur-Langfasern im ungereinigten Zustand eine in diesem Bereich bisher nicht mögliche und sehr wünschenswerte Verbindung zwischen Ökologie und Ökonomie möglich, die die spezifischen Vorteile solcher Naturstoffe einem weiten technischen Anwendungsbereich zugänglich macht. In summary, it can therefore be stated that the invention Method and the devices provided for its implementation for the first time the economic integration of long fibers, especially from unpurified natural fibers to a wide range Variety of industrially usable end products allowed, such as e.g. Insulating mats, profile parts, but also molded parts that have a high Must have inherent rigidity, in each case by adding more suitable ones Additives. In this respect, the recycling of natural long fibers in particular in the uncleaned state so far in this area impossible and very desirable connection between ecology and economy possible, the specific advantages of such natural products makes it accessible to a wide range of technical applications.

Mit dem beschriebenen Verfahren und der zu dessen Durchführung vorgesehenen Vorrichtung ist es jedoch auch ohne weiteres möglich, in einer Fortbildung des Erfindungsgedankens mehrschichtige Vliese herzustellen, ohne dafür mehrere Vliesformmaschinen einzusetzen, von denen jede eine Lage oder Schicht legt, wie dies nach dem Stand der Technik erforderlich ist:With the procedure described and the procedure for its implementation However, device is also easily possible in a further development of the inventive idea of multilayered nonwovens to manufacture without using several nonwoven molding machines, from each of whom places a layer or layer, as is the case with the Technology is required:

Mehrlagige Vliese bieten insbesondere im Kraftfahrzeugbau die Möglichkeit, Formteile für Innenverkleidungen auch aus Naturfasern herzustellen, wobei die Oberfläche beim Verpressen dampfdicht versiegelt wird, um z.B. Kondensatbildung, Durchfeuchtung und Schimmelpilzbildung im Bereich der Naturfasern an kritischen Stellen zu vermeiden. Dies kann durch Kaschierung durch eine Folie geschehen, beispielsweise durch die oben erwähnte Verbindung des Vlieses mit dem Beschichtungsband 17 bzw. 18. Gemäß der unten erläuterten Weiterbildung ist es aber auch möglich, beispielsweise die Deckschichten der Vliese aus reinen Polymerfasern herzustellen und nur in die Hauptschicht in der Mitte einen hohen Naturfaseranteil einzubringen. Beim anschließenden Verpressen kann durch entsprechende Temperaturund Druckregelung dafür gesorgt werden, daß die aus Polymerfasern bestehenden Außenschichten vollständig aufschmelzen und beim Verpressen dann ein- oder beidseitig eine durchgehende oder dampfdichte Polymerhaut bilden. Gegenüber dem Aufkaschieren einer Polymerfolie, beispielsweise des Beschichtungsbandes 17 und 18, hat diese Lösung den Vorteil, daß sich die Polymerfasern beim Legen des dreischichtigen Vlieses teilweise mit den Naturfasern der Mittelschicht überkreuzen oder verfilzen und sich daraus eine sehr viel festere Verbindung zwischen den Schichten bildet als beim Aufkaschieren einer Polymerfolie. Auf diese Weise hergestellte Formteile sind höher beanspruchbar als kaschierte Formteile und erhöhen daher die Insassensicherheit im Crash-Fall.Multi-layer nonwovens offer the possibility, especially in motor vehicle construction, To manufacture molded parts for interior cladding from natural fibers, the surface being sealed vapor-tight when pressed to e.g. Condensation, moisture penetration and mold formation in the area of natural fibers at critical points avoid. This can be done by lamination with a film, for example, by the above-mentioned connection of the fleece with the coating tape 17 or 18. According to the development explained below it is also possible, for example, the cover layers the nonwovens made from pure polymer fibers and only in the Main layer in the middle to introduce a high proportion of natural fibers. During the subsequent pressing process, the appropriate temperature and Pressure control to ensure that the polymer fibers completely melt existing outer layers and when pressing then a continuous or vapor-tight on one or both sides Form polymer skin. Compared to the lamination of a polymer film, for example, the coating tape 17 and 18 has this solution the advantage that the polymer fibers when laying the three-layer fleece partly with the natural fibers of the middle layer cross over or matted and get a lot out of it forms a stronger connection between the layers than in the case of Laminating a polymer film. Manufactured in this way Molded parts can be subjected to higher loads than laminated molded parts and therefore increase occupant safety in the event of a crash.

Auch für die Dämmstoffherstellung kann ein zwei- oder dreischichtiger Aufbau eines Vlieses vorteilhaft sein, da sich Polymerfasern leichter miteinander zu einer festen Schicht verbinden als Naturfasern. Indem zum Beispiel beide Deckschichten eines Dämmvlieses aus Polymerfasern hergestellt werden, die eigentliche Dämmschicht, die den Hauptquerschnitt darstellt dagegen aus beispielsweise 90% Naturfasern und nur 10% Polymerfasern als Stütz- und Bindefasern und dann diesen Faserverbund durch einen Thermoofen laufen läßt, erhält man ein Vlies mit zwei durch Thermobonding stark verschmolzenen Deckschichten von hoher Festigkeit, welche den lockeren Kern aus dem Naturfaser-Polymerfaser-Gemisch hautähnlich zusammenhalten und einen einfachen Einbau ermöglichen.A two- or three-layer system can also be used for insulation production Structure of a fleece can be advantageous because there are polymer fibers connect more easily to a solid layer than Natural fibers. By, for example, both top layers of an insulating fleece are made from polymer fibers, the real one Insulation layer, which represents the main cross section, however, from, for example 90% natural fibers and only 10% polymer fibers as support and Binding fibers and then this fiber composite through a thermal oven runs, you get a fleece with two strong by thermobonding fused top layers of high strength, which the loose core from the natural fiber-polymer fiber mixture skin-like hold together and allow easy installation.

Figur 5 zeigt eine Schnittdarstellung einer dritten bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, mit der der beschriebene mehrschichtige Aufbau eines Faserverbundes ohne großen Aufwand möglich ist:Figure 5 shows a sectional view of a third preferred Embodiment of the device according to the invention, with which described multilayer structure of a fiber composite without large Effort is possible:

Anstelle des einzigen Querverteilers 11 (vergl. Figur 1) sind beim dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel zur Herstellung eines dreilagigen Faserverbundes entsprechend drei Querverteiler 11A,11B,11C im Dosierbunker angeordnet, deren horizontale und vertikale Positionierung und deren Fördergeschwindigkeit die relative Dicke der letztlich gebildeten Schichten des Faserverbundes bestimmen. Jeder dieser Querverteiler 11A,11B,11C dient zur Zuförderung einer Komponente des mehrlagigen Vlieses, beim zuletzt erwähnten Ausführungsbeispiel zur Herstellung eines Dämmstoffes würden die Querverteiler 11A und 11C folglich Polymerfasern fördern, der Querverteiler 11B ein Gemisch aus 90% Langfasern und 10% Polymerfasern.Instead of the single cross-distributor 11 (see FIG. 1) are at illustrated embodiment for producing a three-layer Fiber composite corresponding to three cross-distributors 11A, 11B, 11C in Dosing bunkers arranged, their horizontal and vertical positioning and their conveying speed is the relative thickness of the ultimately determine formed layers of the fiber composite. Each of these Cross distributor 11A, 11B, 11C serves to supply a component of the multilayer fleece, in the last-mentioned embodiment The cross-distributors 11A and 11C would produce an insulating material consequently, polymer fibers convey, the cross-distributor 11B a mixture made from 90% long fibers and 10% polymer fibers.

Anstelle der einzigen Materialsäule M beim Aufbau einer homogenen Faserschicht gemäß Figur 1 bilden sich dabei folglich drei übereinanderliegende Materialschichten MA,MB,MC aus, in der jeweiligen Faserzusammensetzung. Diese Materialschichten werden vom Bodenband 12 kontinuierlich dem Austragskopf A mit seinen Austragsvorrichtungen 20 und 30 zugeführt und von diesen zum mehrschichtigen Vlies ausgeworfen. Hierbei kann die Rotationsgeschwindigkeit der Austragsvorrichtungen so bestimmt werden, daß die "Wurfparabeln" der einzelnen Faserbestandteile der jeweiligen Materialschichten so verlaufen, daß sich beim Auftreffen auf das Formband wahlweise entweder eine gewisse Durchmischung benachbarter Materialschichten oder eine scharfe Abgrenzung solcher Materialschichten einstellen läßt. Die Schärfe der Abgrenzung der einzelnen Materialschichten kann auch noch durch die Luftführung und Luftgeschwindigkeit mit Hilfe der Unterdruckkästen 16 geregelt werden.Instead of the single column of material M when building a homogeneous The fiber layer according to FIG. 1 consequently forms three superimposed ones Material layers MA, MB, MC from, in the respective Fiber composition. These layers of material are from the floor belt 12 continuously the discharge head A with its discharge devices 20 and 30 fed and from these to the multi-layer fleece ejected. Here, the speed of rotation of the discharge devices be determined so that the "throwing parabolas" of the individual fiber components of the respective material layers run that either when hitting the ribbon either a certain mixing of adjacent material layers or can set a sharp demarcation of such layers of material. The sharpness of the delimitation of the individual material layers can also still through the air flow and air speed with the help of Vacuum boxes 16 are regulated.

Beispielsweise kann die obere Austragsvorrichtung auf eine höhere Drehzahl eingestellt werden und die unterste Austragsvorrichtung auf eine geringere Drehzahl als die Drehzahl der mittleren Austragsvorrichtungen, so daß eine große Spreizung über die Wurfparabeln der Partikel der einzelnen Materialschichten erfolgt, so daß während des Wurfes keine Überlappung der Wurfbahnen auftritt und somit auch eine relativ scharfe Trennung der Schichten auf dem mehrschichtigen Vlies erreicht wird.For example, the upper discharge device can be set to a higher one Speed can be set and the bottom discharge device on a lower speed than the speed of the middle one Discharge devices, so that a large spread over the Throwing parabola of the particles of the individual material layers takes place, so that there is no overlap of the lanes during the throw and thus a relatively sharp separation of the layers on the multi-layer fleece is achieved.

Werden dagegen diffuse Grenzen der einzelnen Materialschichten im mehrschichtigen Vlies gewünscht, sollten die Unterdruckkästen abgeschaltet werden und die Austragsvorrichtungen in ihrer Drehzahl im gegenläufigen Sinne gesteuert werden, so daß einerseits ein längerer Schwebezustand erreicht wird, andererseits sich die Wurfparabeln der Partikel der übereinanderliegenden Materialschichten bis zu ihrem Auftreffen auf dem Formband sich vermischen, so daß über die Gesamtdicke des entstehenden Mehrfachvlieses ein kontinuierlicher Materialübergang zwischen den einzelnen Schichten erreicht werden kann.In contrast, are diffuse boundaries of the individual material layers in the multi-layer fleece desired, the vacuum boxes should be switched off and the discharge devices in their speed in opposite senses are controlled, so that on the one hand a longer Hovering state is reached, on the other hand, the throwing parabolas of the Particles of the superimposed layers of material up to their Impact on the ribbon mix so that over the entire thickness the resulting multiple fleece is a continuous one Material transfer between the individual layers can be achieved can.

Durch eine modifizierte Anordnung der Feststoffverteiler 50 bzw. Düsen 60 kann auch bei einer solchen Ausgestaltung eine selektive Beaufschlagung des Naturfaseranteils (im Ausführungsbeispiel also der mittleren Materialschicht) mit dem Zuschlagstoff erreicht werden.Through a modified arrangement of the solids distributors 50 or Nozzles 60 can also be selective in such a configuration Actuation of the natural fiber portion (in the exemplary embodiment, therefore the middle material layer) with the aggregate become.

Das derart geformte Vlies kann dann einer Verfestigung durch Thermobonding, Vernadelung oder ähnlichem zugeführt werden, um das Handling bei den nachfolgenden Verarbeitungsvorgängen zu gestatten. The fleece shaped in this way can then be solidified Thermobonding, needling or the like can be supplied to the Allow handling in the subsequent processing operations.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung gemäß dem geschilderten dritten Ausführungsbeispiel gestattet somit ohne hohen Investitionsaufwand die Erzeugung eines mehrschichtigen Faserverbundes zur Herstellung eines Vlieses, wobei die Komponenten und deren Übergänge an den Grenzschichten durch ohnehin verfügbare Steuerparameter einfach gewählt bzw. eingestellt werden können.The inventive device according to the third described Embodiment thus allows without high investment the production of a multilayer fiber composite for production a fleece, the components and their transitions to the Boundary layers made easy by control parameters that are available anyway can be selected or set.

Insbesondere beim letztgenannten Ausführungsbeispiel kann für spezifische Vliesgestaltungen auch vollständig oder zeitweise auf die Zugabe von Zuschlagstoffen verzichtet werden.In particular, in the latter embodiment, for specific fleece designs also completely or temporarily the addition of additives can be dispensed with.

Claims (18)

  1. Method of producing a fibre composite, wherein fibres are used at least as a substantial constituent part and are supplied substantially over the height of the material column at least to one discharge head (A;A1;A2) and, as a fibre-air suspension, to a carrier in the form of a forming belt (14), characterised in that, to produce a non-woven fabric, fibres having lengths of between 20 and 150 mm are used, in that these fibres are ejected from the discharge head substantially horizontally whilst imparting a horizontal acceleration in the region of said head, and in that the fibre-air suspension, thus formed, is delivered directly to the forming belt (14).
  2. Method according to claim 1, wherein at least one additive is added to the fibres, characterised in that the additive is added to the fibre-air suspension in the suspension area (S) formed between discharge head (A;A1;A2) and forming belt (14).
  3. Method according to claim 1, wherein at least one additive is added to the fibres, characterised in that the fibres are a constituent part of a mixture, in which binders, granulates or granular constituent parts (e.g. chaffs, polymer parts, wood granulates, recycling foams) occur as the additive.
  4. Method according to claim 3, characterised in that the mixture comprises uncleaned natural fibres (e.g. hemp fibres, oiled linen fibres, flax fibres or fibres of jute, kenaf, sisal or mixtures thereof).
  5. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that the fibres are compacted during their conveyance to the discharge head (A;A1;A2).
  6. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that at least one sealing agent for at least one of the two surfaces of the non-woven fabric (70) is added via the forming belt (14).
  7. Method according to claim 6, characterised in that a previously foamed material or an unfoamed material with an incorporated propellant is used as the sealing agent, which propellant binds to the surface of the non-woven fabric (70) to be coated, and possibly binds a cover layer or barrier layer (18) to the non-woven fabric (70).
  8. Apparatus for accomplishing the method according to claim 1, having a metering bunker for the material column and a plurality of first, vertically offset discharge devices for picking-up the fibres from the front of the material column and for metering same, as well as a forming belt which extends beneath the discharge devices, characterised in that the first discharge devices (20) are disposed substantially vertically one above the other, and in that second discharge devices (30) are provided, which are so configured, more especially for clearing, loosening and accelerating the fibres, that the fibres are ejected from the discharge head substantially horizontally whilst imparting a horizontal acceleration in the region of said head, and in that, the fibre-air suspension, thus formed, is delivered directly to the forming belt.
  9. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterised in that it includes a transverse distributor (11), via which the fibres are supplied to the metering bunker (10), in which they are conveyed by means of a bottom belt (12) to the discharge head (A), and a compacting belt (13), which extends inclinedly downwardly between the transverse distributor (11) and the upper end of the discharge head (A) and acts on the surface of the material column (M) containing the fibres.
  10. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterised in that the first discharge devices (20) are in the form of star wheels (21), which are kept spaced apart on a shaft (22), the elements (21A) of which wheels point substantially radially relative to the shaft (22), and the front flanks (21V) of which are orientated in the direction of rotation, more especially in a hook- or crescent-like manner, in that the second discharge devices (30) include elements (31A) for clearing, loosening and accelerating purposes, which elements are disposed on a shaft (32) in a star- and/or thorn-like manner, and in that the ranges of operation of the elements (21A,31A) of the first and second discharge devices (20,30) at least partially overlap or engage in one another.
  11. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterised in that first nozzles (40) are disposed above the discharge side of the discharge head (A) for introducing liquid additives, such as binders or fireproofing agents for example, into the fibre-air suspension.
  12. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterised in that solids distributors (50) are disposed above the discharge side of the discharge head (A;A1,A2) for introducing solid additives such as chaffs, granulates or pulverulent binders, for example, into the fibre-air suspension.
  13. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterised in that the means for introducing the sealing agent comprise second nozzles (60A,60B) which are disposed in the region beneath the discharge head (A)/the discharge heads (A1,A2).
  14. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterised in that at least one coating belt (17,18) is guided on the forming belt (14) and/or over the non-woven fabric (70) as a carrier/cover layer/barrier layer of the non-woven fabric (70).
  15. Apparatus according to claim 14, characterised in that the at least one coating belt (17,18) is wider than the non-woven fabric (70).
  16. Method of producing a multiple-layered fibre composite according to claim 1, characterised in that the material column (M) is formed from at least two material layers (MA,MB,MC) which lie one above the other, said layers being simultaneously supplied to the discharge head (A,A1,A2) and ejected from said head.
  17. Method according to claim 16, characterised by the use of polymer fibres in the material layers (MA,MB,MC).
  18. Method according to claim 17, characterised by the exclusive use of polymer fibres for the uppermost and lowermost material layers (MA,MC).
EP99914422A 1998-02-16 1999-02-12 Device and method for producing a fiber composite Expired - Lifetime EP1056892B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19805996A DE19805996A1 (en) 1998-02-16 1998-02-16 Device and method for producing a fiber composite
DE19805996 1998-02-16
PCT/DE1999/000432 WO1999041439A1 (en) 1998-02-16 1999-02-12 Device and method for producing a fiber composite

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1056892A1 EP1056892A1 (en) 2000-12-06
EP1056892B1 true EP1056892B1 (en) 2003-04-16

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99914422A Expired - Lifetime EP1056892B1 (en) 1998-02-16 1999-02-12 Device and method for producing a fiber composite

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US6460224B1 (en)
EP (1) EP1056892B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE237706T1 (en)
AU (1) AU3326199A (en)
CA (1) CA2320466A1 (en)
DE (2) DE19805996A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2197630T3 (en)
WO (1) WO1999041439A1 (en)

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DE102004038543B4 (en) * 2004-08-06 2008-10-09 Fritz Egger Gmbh & Co. Method and device for producing a wooden material body

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DE102014115138A1 (en) * 2014-10-17 2016-04-21 Frank Schneider A method of forming a textile material using hemp and fiber composite material of this textile material
US10745563B2 (en) * 2017-03-14 2020-08-18 E&K Holdings, Llc Flax straw fiber based building material
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE19805996A1 (en) 1999-09-16
AU3326199A (en) 1999-08-30
ATE237706T1 (en) 2003-05-15
EP1056892A1 (en) 2000-12-06
US6460224B1 (en) 2002-10-08
WO1999041439A1 (en) 1999-08-19
DE59905072D1 (en) 2003-05-22
CA2320466A1 (en) 1999-08-19
ES2197630T3 (en) 2004-01-01

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