EP1052725B1 - Verfahren und Herstellung für eine elektromagnetische wellen reflektierende Oberfläche - Google Patents
Verfahren und Herstellung für eine elektromagnetische wellen reflektierende Oberfläche Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1052725B1 EP1052725B1 EP00401204A EP00401204A EP1052725B1 EP 1052725 B1 EP1052725 B1 EP 1052725B1 EP 00401204 A EP00401204 A EP 00401204A EP 00401204 A EP00401204 A EP 00401204A EP 1052725 B1 EP1052725 B1 EP 1052725B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- interlacement
- flexible
- metal
- melting point
- filler metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
- H01Q15/16—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures curved in two dimensions, e.g. paraboloidal
Definitions
- the present invention relates to surfaces reflecting electromagnetic waves, such as antenna reflectors, electromagnetic shields, waveguides, etc ... and a method for producing these surfaces.
- reflecting surfaces - are already known, which are made by metal sheets shaped, for example by stamping, giving them a self-supporting structure.
- such surfaces have a large mass, so that their dimensions are generally limited. Moreover, because of their mass, they can not be mounted on spacecraft.
- the metallization of said composite supports generally has a surface state so smooth that the thermal radiation received by such a reflector is concentrated at the focus of the latter. Also, when the source of the reflector is in focus, it is necessary to thermally protect said source, for example by covering the active surface of the reflector with a diffusing paint.
- the present invention aims to overcome the disadvantages of composite support reflective surfaces, while allowing to obtain reflective surfaces of comparable lightness.
- the rigid surface reflecting the electromagnetic waves is remarkable in that it consists of an interweaving of electrically conductive wires which are formed superficially of a stable diffusion metal alloy ensuring the securing of said son together and the rigidity of said surface.
- the present invention eliminates carbon fibers and their disadvantages (parasitic polarization and burst discharges). Moreover, since, in said interlacing, the conductive threads intersect forming microfacettes, the surface, when it is in the form of an antenna reflector, no longer focuses the heat energy to the single focus; on the contrary, this thermal energy passes through a focal spot. As a result, the source is subjected to a lower heat flux and the thermal protection of the source and the reflector may be less complex. It is no longer necessary to cover the surface active diffusing paint reflector, which avoids the distortions generated by it.
- This flexible interlacing can be achieved in various ways, for example by knitting, wrapping, braiding, lapping, weaving or even by the implementation of nonwoven fiber manufacturing methods.
- the interlace in the form of a knit has proved particularly advantageous, particularly as regards the diffusion of the heat flux received by said reflecting surface.
- the electrically conductive son may consist of a metal core covered with said filler metal.
- the metal superficial is therefore that of the soul.
- the electrically conductive wires may consist of a plurality of coaxial layers, at least some of which are made of a material - electrically conductive or possibly insulating - different from said surface metal.
- metals used for the production of electrically conductive wires mention may be made of metals that are good conductors of electricity, such as gold, silver, copper, etc., or even alloys with a low coefficient of thermal expansion, such as some ferro-nickel, or other metals or metal alloys.
- the filler metals are selected from metals or alloys of low melting point, such as tin or indium, capable of forming a stable alloy by diffusion with the surface metal.
- the section of the electrically conductive wires may be circular, with a diameter preferably between 6 and 20 microns, or flattened, with a thickness also preferably between 6 and 20 microns and a width preferably between 0.2 and 1 , 5 mm. In these cases, the thickness of the coating of the filler metal may be between 10 Angstrom and 1 micron.
- the surface according to the present invention may be uniform without holes.
- a relatively tight interlacing is provided and the application of said uniform pressure closes the possible days of the interlacing.
- said surface may include holes, provided at the time of the realization of said interlacing.
- the surface obtained by the stiffened interlacing is reinforced by a reinforcement pressed against one of the faces of said interlacing and secured thereto.
- a reinforcement may have a fiber composite structure - polymerized matrix. It is then advantageous that the joining of the surface and the reinforcement is obtained by gluing with the aid of the resin of said matrix, the reinforcement being formed on said surface. It must of course, for this purpose, that the polymerization temperature of the resin is lower than the melting temperature of the stable diffusion metal alloy.
- antenna reflectors that can operate at frequencies between 18 GHz and more than 45 GHz.
- Figure 1 shows, in plan, an example of interlacing electrically conductive son used in the implementation of the present invention.
- Figure 2 shows, also in plan, a variant of the interlacing of Figure 1.
- Figures 3 and 4 are sections respectively along lines III-III and IV-IV of Figures 1 and 2.
- Figures 5 and 6 illustrate, in section, alternative embodiments of the conductive son used to form the interlacing of Figures 1 and 2.
- FIGS. 7A to 7F illustrate various phases of the method of producing an antenna reflector according to the present invention.
- FIG 1 there is shown an interlacing 1 of electrically conductive son 2 and 3 intersecting.
- the interlacing 1 is represented in the form of a weave with warp threads 2 and weft threads 3, although the interlacing 1 could advantageously consist of stitches knitted.
- the electrically conductive wires 2 and 3 form gaps 4 between them.
- each wire 2 and 3 comprises a core 5, for example copper, superficially coated with a coating 6 made of a metal with a low melting point, such as indium.
- the diameter d of the son 2 and 3 may be preferably between 6 and 20 microns, while the thickness e of the coating 6 may be between 10 Angström and 1 micron.
- the interlacing 7 is similar to the interlacing 1 of FIG. 1, except that the conductive yarns of wefts and chains 2 and 3 are woven more tightly so as to virtually eliminate voids 4.
- Figure 3 illustrates the contact of the son 2 and 3 at one of their crossing points
- Figure 4 illustrates the contact of two son 2 and 3 parallel.
- the son 2 and 3 interlacing 1 and 7 are secured to each other, which stiffens said interlacing.
- the stiffening will fix the final shape of said interlacing.
- the wires 2 and 3 have a circular section.
- said son could have an oblong section.
- the thickness of said section may be between 6 and 20 microns and the width L may be between 0.2 and 1.5 mm, the thickness l being the same as above.
- the wires 2 and 3 could have a multilayered structure.
- FIG. 6 shows an alternative embodiment of said yarns 2 and 3 in which an intermediate layer 8 is interposed between the core 5 and the surface coating 6.
- the layer 8 must be in one piece. metal capable of forming a stable diffusion alloy with the coating 6.
- the temperature rise in the oven 14 leading to the diffusion brazing of the interlacing 1, 7 can be 0.1 ° C per minute, from room temperature to the desired temperature for diffusion, compatible with the temperature of the subsequent polymerization of the resin of the reinforcement 15.
- Interleaving 1, 7 is maintained at this desired diffusion temperature for a time suitable for diffusion brazing, after which cooling may be natural.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
- Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)
Claims (10)
- Verfahren zur Herstellung einer steifen Reflektionsfläche für elektromagnetische Wellen,
dadurch gekennzeichnet:- dass ein weiches Geflecht (1, 7) aus elektrisch leitenden Fäden (2, 3) hergestellt wird, dessen Oberfläche metallisch und von einem Metallzusatz (6) überzogen wird, wobei der Metallzusatz (6) einen Schmelzpunkt aufweist, der unterhalb desjenigen des Oberflächenmetalls der Fäden liegt und der Metallzusatz (6) und das Oberflächenmetall (5) so ausgebildet sind, dass sie wechselseitig ineinander diffundieren, wenn sie auf einer Temperatur wenigstens gleich dem Schmelzpunkt des Metallzusatzes (6) gehalten werden, um eine diffusionsbeständige Metalllegierung zu bilden, deren Schmelztemperatur größer als der Schmelzpunkt des Metallzusatzes (6) ist und in Richtung des Schmelzpunktes des Oberflächenmetalls mit der Intensität der Diffusion wächst;- dass das weiche Geflecht (1, 7) an die gewünschte Form für die steife Reflektionsfläche für elektromagnetische Wellen angepasst wird; und- dass die Temperatur des so angepassten, weichen Geflechts (1, 7) über den Schmelzpunkt des Metallzusatzes (6) hinaus erhöht wird, um die Bildung der Metalllegierung durch Diffusion zu erhalten, was die Verbindung der Fäden (2, 3) untereinander und die Versteifung des Geflechts (1, 7), welches dann die steife Oberfläche bildet, mit sich bringt. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das weiche Geflecht (1, 7) durch Strickwerk hergestellt wird. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das weiche Geflecht (1, 7) derart hergestellt wird, dass es eine gleichförmige Oberfläche bildet. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das weiche Geflecht (1, 7) derart hergestellt wird, dass es eine von Löchern durchbrochene Oberfläche bildet. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das weiche Geflecht (1, 7) mit elektrisch leitenden Fäden (2, 3) hergestellt wird, bei denen wenigstens eine der Querabmessungen (d,l) kleiner als 20 µm ist. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dicke (e) des Überzugs aus Metallzusatz (6) zwischen 10 Å und 1 µm liegt, wohingegen der Querschnitt der Fäden eine Abmessung (d, I) von höchstens gleich 20 µm hat. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass während der Temperaturerhöhung das angepasste, weiche Geflecht (1, 7) einem Druck ausgesetzt wird. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Verstärkung (15) an einer der Flächen des Geflechts angefügt wird und dass die Verstärkung (15) mit der Fläche desselben fest verbunden wird. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verstärkung (15) aus einer Verbundstruktur Faser/Polymermatrix hergestellt wird. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verbundstruktur der Verstärkung direkt auf dem versteiften Geflecht (1, 7) hergestellt wird und mit diesem durch das Kunstharz der Matrix fest verbunden wird.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9905901 | 1999-05-10 | ||
FR9905901A FR2793608B1 (fr) | 1999-05-10 | 1999-05-10 | Surface reflechissant les ondes electromagnetiques et procede pour sa realisation |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1052725A1 EP1052725A1 (de) | 2000-11-15 |
EP1052725B1 true EP1052725B1 (de) | 2006-08-30 |
Family
ID=9545388
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00401204A Expired - Lifetime EP1052725B1 (de) | 1999-05-10 | 2000-05-02 | Verfahren und Herstellung für eine elektromagnetische wellen reflektierende Oberfläche |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6348901B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1052725B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2000349540A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2308787C (de) |
DE (1) | DE60030354T2 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2269076T3 (de) |
FR (1) | FR2793608B1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2821491B1 (fr) * | 2001-02-23 | 2005-07-22 | Lacroix Soc E | Reflecteur electromagnetique deployable |
ATE311019T1 (de) * | 2001-02-23 | 2005-12-15 | Lacroix Soc E | Entfaltbarer elektromagnetischer reflektor |
FR2821490B1 (fr) * | 2001-02-23 | 2005-07-22 | Lacroix Soc E | Reflecteur electromagnetique deployable |
FR2821488B1 (fr) * | 2001-02-23 | 2005-09-02 | Lacroix Soc E | Reflecteur electromagnetique deployable |
US20060270301A1 (en) * | 2005-05-25 | 2006-11-30 | Northrop Grumman Corporation | Reflective surface for deployable reflector |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2275359A1 (fr) * | 1974-06-19 | 1976-01-16 | Greze Andre | Voile ayant un pouvoir reflecteur aux ondes radar |
US4191604A (en) * | 1976-01-07 | 1980-03-04 | General Dynamics Corporation Pomona Division | Method of constructing three-dimensionally curved, knit wire reflector |
US4526817A (en) * | 1982-11-01 | 1985-07-02 | Material Sciences Corporation | Process for surface diffusing steel products in coil form |
US4609923A (en) * | 1983-09-09 | 1986-09-02 | Harris Corporation | Gold-plated tungsten knit RF reflective surface |
US4926910A (en) * | 1987-11-23 | 1990-05-22 | Lockheed Missiles & Space Company, Inc. | Radio-frequency reflective fabric |
GB2256529B (en) * | 1991-04-02 | 1995-08-16 | Marconi Electronic Devices | Antenna arrangements |
US5440801A (en) * | 1994-03-03 | 1995-08-15 | Composite Optics, Inc. | Composite antenna |
-
1999
- 1999-05-10 FR FR9905901A patent/FR2793608B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-05-02 ES ES00401204T patent/ES2269076T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-05-02 EP EP00401204A patent/EP1052725B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-05-02 DE DE60030354T patent/DE60030354T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-05-04 CA CA002308787A patent/CA2308787C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-05-08 US US09/566,022 patent/US6348901B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-05-10 JP JP2000137674A patent/JP2000349540A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2308787A1 (fr) | 2000-11-10 |
ES2269076T3 (es) | 2007-04-01 |
DE60030354T2 (de) | 2007-10-31 |
EP1052725A1 (de) | 2000-11-15 |
US6348901B1 (en) | 2002-02-19 |
FR2793608A1 (fr) | 2000-11-17 |
DE60030354D1 (de) | 2006-10-12 |
JP2000349540A (ja) | 2000-12-15 |
CA2308787C (fr) | 2008-03-18 |
FR2793608B1 (fr) | 2001-09-14 |
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