EP1051373A1 - Acid-free, gas-generating composition - Google Patents
Acid-free, gas-generating compositionInfo
- Publication number
- EP1051373A1 EP1051373A1 EP99961043A EP99961043A EP1051373A1 EP 1051373 A1 EP1051373 A1 EP 1051373A1 EP 99961043 A EP99961043 A EP 99961043A EP 99961043 A EP99961043 A EP 99961043A EP 1051373 A1 EP1051373 A1 EP 1051373A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- nitrate
- composition according
- composition
- ammonium perchlorate
- mixture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
- C06D5/00—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets
- C06D5/06—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets by reaction of two or more solids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an azide-free, gas-generating composition, in particular for use in safety devices for motor vehicles.
- US Pat. No. 5,780,768 describes such a composition which comprises a fuel mixture from the group consisting of guanidine nitrate, nitroguanidine and mixtures thereof and an inorganic oxidizer which consists of ceramium nitrate, lithium nitrate, lithium perchlorate, sodium perchlorate, mixtures of ammonium perchlorate and at least one Alkali metal salt, as well as mixtures thereof, is selected.
- Ammonium perchlorate is present in a deficit in these mixtures compared to the alkali metal salts.
- the oxidizer-fuel mixture has an oxygen balance of between + 4% and -4%. The proportion of solid nerburn residues in the mixture should not exceed 30% by weight.
- the known gas-generating compositions generally have ner combustion temperatures of well over 2200 K.
- the high nerburning temperatures favor the formation of
- the invention provides an azide-free, gas-generating composition which comprises a fuel and an inorganic oxidizer and whose combustion temperature is below 2250 K.
- the mixture according to the invention is characterized in that the inorganic oxidizer is a mixture of ammonium perchlorate and an inorganic nitrate, the molar ratio of ammonium perchlorate to nitrate (NO3-) being greater than 1.
- the fuel preferably has an enthalpy of formation of less than -3.35 kJ / g and an oxygen balance of more than -90%.
- the oxygen balance of the composition is preferably between 0 and -4%.
- the combustion temperature is preferably below 2200 K and particularly preferably below 2000 K.
- the oxygen balance of a compound or a mixture is understood to mean the amount of oxygen in percent by weight which is released when the compound or the mixture is completely converted to, for example, CO2, H2O, Al2O3, B2O3 (02 overbalancing). If the available oxygen is not sufficient for this, the missing quantity of oxygen necessary for complete conversion is given with a negative sign (02 under-balance sheet).
- the oxygen balance of the fuel is preferably greater than -80%.
- the fuel is particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of cyanuric acid, urea, oxamide, urazole, dialuric acid, biurea, urazole, alloxane, alloxanthine, parabanic acid and mixtures thereof. Most preferred is cyanuric acid.
- the inorganic oxidizer is preferably a mixture of ammonium perchlorate and an alkali metal nitrate, the alkali metal nitrate being selected from the group consisting of sodium nitrate, lithium nitrate, potassium nitrate or mixtures thereof.
- a mixture of ammonium perchlorate and alkaline earth metal nitrates such as strontium nitrate can be used as an oxidizer.
- Alkali metal nitrates or alkaline earth metal nitrates as an oxidizer the proportion of alkali or alkaline earth metal salts in the oxidizer mixture can also be reduced below the stoichiometric amount required to collect the hydrochloric acid released from the ammonium perchlorate, without any appreciable amounts of hydrochloric acid being detected in the released gas mixture.
- the molar ratio of ammonium perchlorate to alkali metal nitrate can preferably vary between about 1.05: 1 and 6: 1, particularly preferably between 1.5: 1 and 3.5: 1.
- the molar ratio of ammonium perchlorate and alkaline earth metal nitrate is accordingly between about 1.05: 0.5 and 6: 0.5, preferably between 1.5: 0.5 and
- the gas-generating composition according to the invention may further contain up to 10% by weight, based on the total composition, of a combustion accelerator which is selected from the group guanidine carbonate,
- Burn-up moderators in a proportion of up to 5% by weight, based on the total composition, can be added, which are selected from the group Cr2 ⁇ 3, Mn ⁇ 2, Fe2 ⁇ 3, Fe3 ⁇ 4, CuO, Q12O and mixtures thereof.
- the mixture can also contain customary processing aids in a proportion of up to 3% by weight.
- the processing aids are preferably selected from the group of pouring aids, pressing aids and / or lubricants.
- compositions according to the invention essentially consist of 30 to 45% by weight of cyanuric acid, 0 to 5% by weight of guanidine nitrate, 10 to 35% by weight of sodium nitrate, 20 to 50% by weight of ammonium perchlorate and 0 to 2% in each case. -% CuO and Fe2 ⁇ 3.
- a further, particularly preferred composition consists essentially of 30 to 45% by weight of cyanuric acid, 0 to 5% by weight of guanidine nitrate, 10 to 35% by weight of strontium nitrate, 20 to 50% by weight of ammonium perchlorate and 0 to 2 each % By weight of CuO and Fe2 ⁇ 3.
- compositions according to the invention are notable for
- compositions described in US Pat. No. 5,780,768 due to extremely low combustion temperatures of below 2250 K and a good ignitability in connection with a sufficiently high combustion rate.
- the carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide proportions in the released gas mixture are also considerably lower.
- the compositions according to the invention also result in an increased gas yield with a significantly reduced particle emission.
- a fuel containing C, H, N and O with an enthalpy of formation ⁇ Hf of less than -3.35 kJ / g, the oxygen balance of which is simultaneously greater than -90%. This ensures that the proportion of oxidizer in the composition can be kept low.
- Oxygen balance -55.8%), urea, oxamide, urazole, dialuric acid and biurea, and are therefore less preferred. In some cases, however, it may be advantageous to add, for example, guanidine nitrate or another guanidine compound in small amounts of up to 10% by weight as an accelerator.
- the oxygen balance of the composition can advantageously be set between 0 and -4%, since the limit value for the NO x which preferably arises in the case of oxygen balancing is substantially lower than the limit value for the carbon monoxide which is preferably produced in the case of under-balancing .
- the mixture thus obtained was ignited in a closed 60 liter can.
- the maximum can pressure determined in this way was 216 kPa, with a calculated gas yield of 84.7%.
- the carbon monoxide concentration in the released gas mixture, measured in a 2.5 m3 chamber, was 289 ppm, the NO x concentration was 56 ppm.
- the expelled fine dust was 1.05 g.
- the calculated combustion temperature was 2165 K.
- the HCl concentration in the gas mixture generated was below the detection limit of 1 ppm.
- thermodynamic calculation results in a
- Example 1 At 0.95 g, however, the amount of fine dust expelled was lower than in Example 1. Although the molar ratio of ammonium perchlorate to potassium nitrate was approximately 2.27 in this example, no noteworthy amount of hydrochloric acid was found in this test either the combustion gases are determined. The HCl concentration was ⁇ 1 ppm below the detection limit of the device used.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Fireproofing Substances (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE29821544U DE29821544U1 (en) | 1998-12-02 | 1998-12-02 | Azide-free, gas generating composition |
DE29821544U | 1998-12-02 | ||
PCT/EP1999/009382 WO2000032541A1 (en) | 1998-12-02 | 1999-12-01 | Acid-free, gas-generating composition |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1051373A1 true EP1051373A1 (en) | 2000-11-15 |
EP1051373B1 EP1051373B1 (en) | 2004-05-26 |
Family
ID=8066130
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99961043A Expired - Lifetime EP1051373B1 (en) | 1998-12-02 | 1999-12-01 | Acid-free, gas-generating composition |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1051373B1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE29821544U1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000032541A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5985060A (en) * | 1998-07-25 | 1999-11-16 | Breed Automotive Technology, Inc. | Gas generant compositions containing guanidines |
EP1218317A2 (en) * | 1999-09-13 | 2002-07-03 | Dynamit Nobel GmbH | Gas-generating mixtures |
FR2959508B1 (en) * | 2010-04-29 | 2015-01-02 | Snpe Materiaux Energetiques | PYROTECHNIC COMPOUND GAS GENERATOR; PROCESS FOR OBTAINING |
Family Cites Families (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4909549A (en) * | 1988-12-02 | 1990-03-20 | Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc. | Composition and process for inflating a safety crash bag |
NO175382C (en) | 1991-10-07 | 1994-10-05 | Kvaerner Eureka As | Security device for a possible entry area between a roller and a roller laid path |
US5386775A (en) * | 1993-06-22 | 1995-02-07 | Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc. | Azide-free gas generant compositions and processes |
DE4411654C2 (en) | 1993-10-20 | 1996-04-04 | Temic Bayern Chem Airbag Gmbh | Gas generating mixture |
US5566543A (en) * | 1993-11-17 | 1996-10-22 | Morton International, Inc. | PVC-based gas generant for hybrid gas generators |
DE4401214C1 (en) | 1994-01-18 | 1995-03-02 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Gas-generating mixture |
DE4401213C1 (en) | 1994-01-18 | 1995-03-02 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Gas-generating mixture |
DE19505568A1 (en) | 1995-02-18 | 1996-08-22 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Gas generating mixtures |
US5780768A (en) * | 1995-03-10 | 1998-07-14 | Talley Defense Systems, Inc. | Gas generating compositions |
US5817972A (en) | 1995-11-13 | 1998-10-06 | Trw Inc. | Iron oxide as a coolant and residue former in an organic propellant |
US6024812A (en) | 1996-07-20 | 2000-02-15 | Dynamit Nobel Gmbh Explosivstoff-Und Systemtechnik | Pyrotechnic mixture as propellant or a gas charge with carbon monoxide-reduced vapors |
US6306232B1 (en) * | 1996-07-29 | 2001-10-23 | Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc. | Thermally stable nonazide automotive airbag propellants |
DE19643468A1 (en) | 1996-10-22 | 1998-04-23 | Temic Bayern Chem Airbag Gmbh | Gas-generating, azide-free solid mixture |
US5861571A (en) * | 1997-04-18 | 1999-01-19 | Atlantic Research Corporation | Gas-generative composition consisting essentially of ammonium perchlorate plus a chlorine scavenger and an organic fuel |
DE19742203A1 (en) | 1997-09-24 | 1999-03-25 | Trw Airbag Sys Gmbh | Particle-free gas-generating mixture |
US5842325A (en) * | 1997-12-11 | 1998-12-01 | Bausch & Lomb Incorporated | Method for labeling packages |
FR2772370B1 (en) * | 1997-12-12 | 2000-01-07 | Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale | PYROTECHNIC COMPOSITIONS GENERATING NON-TOXIC GASES BASED ON AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE |
KR100381107B1 (en) * | 1998-02-25 | 2003-04-18 | 니뽄 가야쿠 가부시키가이샤 | Gas generator composition |
CA2333942A1 (en) * | 1998-06-10 | 2000-01-06 | Robert S. Scheffee | Pyrotechnic gas generant composition including high oxygen balance fuel |
US5985060A (en) * | 1998-07-25 | 1999-11-16 | Breed Automotive Technology, Inc. | Gas generant compositions containing guanidines |
DE29821541U1 (en) * | 1998-12-02 | 1999-02-18 | TRW Airbag Systems GmbH & Co. KG, 84544 Aschau | Azide-free, gas generating composition |
-
1998
- 1998-12-02 DE DE29821544U patent/DE29821544U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1999
- 1999-12-01 EP EP99961043A patent/EP1051373B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-01 WO PCT/EP1999/009382 patent/WO2000032541A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1999-12-01 DE DE59909590T patent/DE59909590D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO0032541A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE29821544U1 (en) | 1999-02-18 |
EP1051373B1 (en) | 2004-05-26 |
WO2000032541A1 (en) | 2000-06-08 |
DE59909590D1 (en) | 2004-07-01 |
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