EP1049114A2 - Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Ankers eines elektromagnetisches Hochgeschwindigkeitsbedienungselement - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Ankers eines elektromagnetisches Hochgeschwindigkeitsbedienungselement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1049114A2
EP1049114A2 EP00103929A EP00103929A EP1049114A2 EP 1049114 A2 EP1049114 A2 EP 1049114A2 EP 00103929 A EP00103929 A EP 00103929A EP 00103929 A EP00103929 A EP 00103929A EP 1049114 A2 EP1049114 A2 EP 1049114A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
armature
stator core
coil
electromagnetic actuator
flux
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00103929A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1049114A3 (de
Inventor
Robert E. Weber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Automotive Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens Automotive Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Automotive Corp filed Critical Siemens Automotive Corp
Publication of EP1049114A2 publication Critical patent/EP1049114A2/de
Publication of EP1049114A3 publication Critical patent/EP1049114A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
    • F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/121—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position
    • H01F7/123—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position by ancillary coil

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a high-speed, high-force electromagnetic actuator and more particularly, to an electromagnetic actuator for opening and closing a valve of an internal combustion engine wherein a velocity of the armature is controlled upon impact with a stator core of the actuator.
  • a conventional electromagnetic actuator for opening and closing a valve of an internal combustion engine generally includes a pair of electromagnets which, when energized, produce an electromagnetic force on an armature.
  • the armature is biased by return springs and the armature is coupled with a gas exchange valve of the engine.
  • the armature is held by one electromagnet in one operating position against a stator core thereof and, by deenergizing the electromagnet, the armature may move via a return spring towards the stator core of the other electromagnet.
  • current in the coils of the electromagnets may be controlled based on time.
  • a peak and hold current is used where the turn-on time of the current is based on the expected arrival time of the armature at a stator core.
  • the arrival time varies as other system variables change which requires an early turn-on of the "catch current" to guarantee capture of the armature. This may cause excess dissipation in the coils.
  • the force on the armature increases exponentially as the armature approaches the stator core which causes high impact velocity with attending noise and wear.
  • An object of the present invention is to fulfill the need referred to above.
  • this objective is obtained by providing a method to control velocity of an armature of an electromagnetic actuator as the armature moves from a first position towards a second position.
  • the electromagnetic actuator includes an electromagnet having a coil and a stator core at the second position.
  • the method includes permitting the armature to move towards the stator core.
  • Magnetic flux in a magnetic circuit created by the armature and electromagnet is determined when the armature is moving toward the stator core. The determined magnetic flux is used as a feedback variable to control energy to the coil so as to control a velocity of the armature as the armature moves towards the stator core.
  • a method is provided to control current to a coil of an electromagnetic actuator as an armature of the electromagnetic actuator moves from a first position towards a second position.
  • the electromagnetic actuator includes an electromagnet having a coil and a stator core at the second position.
  • the method includes permitting the armature to move towards the stator core.
  • a peak current is supplied to the coil.
  • Magnetic flux in a magnetic circuit created by the armature and the electromagnet is sensed when the armature is moving toward the stator core. The sensed magnetic flux is used as a feedback variable to control a length of time the peak current is supplied to the coil.
  • the electromagnetic actuator 10 includes a first electromagnet, generally indicated at 12, which includes a stator core 14 and a solenoid coil 16 associated with the stator core 14.
  • a second electromagnet, generally indicated at 18, is disposed generally in opposing relation to the first electromagnet 12.
  • the second electromagnet includes a stator core 20 and a solenoid coil 22 associated with the stator core 20.
  • the electromagnetic actuator 10 includes an armature 24 which is attachable, via shaft 25, to a stem 26 of a gas exchange valve 28 through a hydraulic valve adjuster 27.
  • the armature 24 is disposed generally between the electromagnets 12 and 18 so as to be acted upon by the an electromagnetic force created by the electromagnets.
  • the armature 24 In a deenergized state of the electromagnets 12 and 18, the armature 24 is maintained in a position of rest generally between the two electromagnets 12 and 18 by opposing working return springs 30 and 32.
  • a valve close position FIG 2
  • the armature 24 engages the stator core 14 of the first electromagnet 12.
  • a holding current through solenoid coil 16 of the first electromagnet 12 is discontinued.
  • a holding force of the electromagnet 12 falls below the spring force of the return spring 30 and thus the armature 24 begins its motion accelerated by the return spring 30.
  • a catch current is applied to the electromagnet 18. Once the armature 24 has landed at the stator core 20, the catch current is changed to a hold current which is sufficient to hold the armature at the stator core 20 for a predetermined period of time.
  • the stator core 20 of electromagnet 18 includes a lamination stack which is contained in a lower housing 34.
  • the lamination stack comprises plurality of individual laminations 36 stacked alongside a thicker, central lamination 38.
  • the central lamination 38 includes a bore 42 therethrough for receiving shaft 25.
  • the laminations 36 and 38 are preferably composed of a soft magnetic material such as silicon iron.
  • Each lamination 36 and 38 is generally E-shaped defining channels 40 to receive the coil 22 of the electromagnet 18.
  • the individual laminations are preferably joined by a weld, or other suitable method such as by pins or an interlocking arrangement to define the stator core 20.
  • the each of stator cores 14 and 20 includes a flux sensor 44 associated therewith.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic end view of the electromagnets 12 and 18 which define a magnetic circuit with the armature 24 disposed therebetween.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the flux lines 46 associated with the shaded portion of FIG. 5 and the location of the flux sensor 44.
  • the flux sensor 44 is positioned in each stator core 14 and 20 where the flux lines are substantially linear and most uniformly spaced so that the exact location of the flux sensor 44 is less critical.
  • the flux sensor 44 is disposed in the central lamination 38 of each stator core 14 and 20.
  • the flux sensor is preferably a Hall effect sensor, or may be a GMR sensor, eddy current sensor or other sensor which can sense magnetic flux.
  • the coil voltage on the receiving coil 16 is reduced to a value sufficient to hold the armature 24 to the stator core 14 against the bias of return spring 30.
  • current is brought to the peak value early and held there until R3.
  • the output of the flux sensor 44 is a function of the flux in the air gap between the armature 24 and stator core 14. As the armature 24 approaches the stator core 14, the output of the flux sensor 44 rises rapidly in the area of interest (near the point of impact) and is relatively free of noise. Thus, the output form the flux sensor 44 can be used to determine the position of the armature 24.
  • the flux as sensed by the flux sensor 44 may be used to control the length of time the coil 16 or 22 is at a peak current during the catch current phase.
  • the current remains at peak for a short period of time. This occurs since the signal 48 from the flux sensor 44 may be fed back to a microprocessor 50 controlling the basic system timing (FIG. 9).
  • the microprocessor 50 can calculate the optimal turn on times for the coils 16 and 22 and thus reduce the power dissipation.
  • feedback is provided to increase the robustness of the armature control in order to reduce the force of impact of the armature against the stator core.
  • the invention provides a proportional control loop based on flux sensed by the flux sensors 44.
  • coil 22 is connected electrically to a programable driver current controller 52 (FIG. 9). Description of operation is made with regard to coil 22 and stator core 20 of the second electromagnet 18. It can be appreciated that this description applies to the operation of the first electromagnet 12 as well.
  • a current level of a sufficiently large value is initially commanded in the coil 22 to achieve rapid movement of the armature 24 through its stroke. The current level is then reduced to a value just enough to hold the armature 24 in contact with the associated stator core 20 until the end of a desired cycle for the actuator 10 at which time current is reduced zero.
  • FIG. 10 shows waveforms of an actuator of the invention including velocity and position of the armature 24, flux as determined by the flux sensor 44, and current of coil 22.
  • the flux is used to control a catch current supplied to the coil 22 of the actuator 10.
  • the coil current is controlled by the loop so as to maintain a substantially constant flux until the microprocessor timing control switches to a "hold" mode of operation (provides a hold current).
  • the velocity waveform in FIG. 8 illustrates the landing velocity of the armature 24 to be near zero at or near R3.
  • the current waveform is also shown in FIG. 8 and the dip 54 in the current occurs when the armature 24 impacts with the stator core 20.
  • the position wave shape in FIG. 8 indicates the movement of the armature 24 from an initial position to a landing position at a stator core 20.
  • the reason for interfacing directly into the current control circuitry is because the microprocessor 50 can only command two current levels which is insufficient for true proportional control. If the control from the microprocessor were made through a high speed D to A converter and the microprocessor was upgraded to a digital signal processor, or other processor capable of real time control, then the proportional control loop could be closed through the processor.
  • the flux is generally linear near impact of the armature 24 with a stator core 20.
  • the flux in this region between R2 an R3 is set by the catch current and is substantially constant.
  • the flux is low, reducing the magnetic force from the receiving stator core and coil causing the velocity of the armature 24 to approach zero.
  • the flux is no longer inhibited and the armature 24 is held against the stator core 20.
  • the final value of flux which is the force on the armature, is set at T3 by the hold current so as to just exceed the opposing spring force created by spring 32. This permits rapid release of the armature 24 at the beginning of the next stroke of the valve 28.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
EP00103929A 1999-04-27 2000-02-25 Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Ankers eines elektromagnetisches Hochgeschwindigkeitsbedienungselement Withdrawn EP1049114A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US30034399A 1999-04-27 1999-04-27
US300343 1999-04-27

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1049114A2 true EP1049114A2 (de) 2000-11-02
EP1049114A3 EP1049114A3 (de) 2001-11-21

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EP00103929A Withdrawn EP1049114A3 (de) 1999-04-27 2000-02-25 Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Ankers eines elektromagnetisches Hochgeschwindigkeitsbedienungselement

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1209328A2 (de) * 2000-11-21 2002-05-29 MAGNETI MARELLI POWERTRAIN S.p.A. Regelverfahren eines elektromagnetischen Aktuators zur Steuerung eines Motorventils
GB2385432A (en) * 2002-02-14 2003-08-20 Visteon Global Tech Inc Electromagnetic actuator apparatus and method for soft seating of engine valves

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998038656A1 (de) 1997-02-28 1998-09-03 Fev Motorentechnik Gmbh & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft Verfahren zur bewegungserkennung, insbesondere zur regelung der ankerauftreffgeschwindigkeit an einem elektromagnetischen aktuator sowie aktuator zur durchführung des verfahrens

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2601799A1 (de) * 1976-01-20 1977-07-21 Licentia Gmbh Schaltanordnung zur betaetigung eines elektromagnetsystems
US5539608A (en) * 1993-02-25 1996-07-23 Eaton Corporation Electronic interlock for electromagnetic contactor
DE19535211C2 (de) * 1995-09-22 2001-04-26 Univ Dresden Tech Verfahren zur Regelung der Ankerbewegung für ein Schaltgerät

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998038656A1 (de) 1997-02-28 1998-09-03 Fev Motorentechnik Gmbh & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft Verfahren zur bewegungserkennung, insbesondere zur regelung der ankerauftreffgeschwindigkeit an einem elektromagnetischen aktuator sowie aktuator zur durchführung des verfahrens

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1209328A2 (de) * 2000-11-21 2002-05-29 MAGNETI MARELLI POWERTRAIN S.p.A. Regelverfahren eines elektromagnetischen Aktuators zur Steuerung eines Motorventils
EP1209328A3 (de) * 2000-11-21 2002-09-25 MAGNETI MARELLI POWERTRAIN S.p.A. Regelverfahren eines elektromagnetischen Aktuators zur Steuerung eines Motorventils
US6683775B2 (en) 2000-11-21 2004-01-27 Magneti Marelli Powertrain S.P.A. Control method for an electromagnetic actuator for the control of an engine valve
GB2385432A (en) * 2002-02-14 2003-08-20 Visteon Global Tech Inc Electromagnetic actuator apparatus and method for soft seating of engine valves
US6741441B2 (en) 2002-02-14 2004-05-25 Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. Electromagnetic actuator system and method for engine valves
GB2385432B (en) * 2002-02-14 2004-10-27 Visteon Global Tech Inc Electromagnetic actuator system and method for engine valves

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1049114A3 (de) 2001-11-21

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