EP1048825A1 - Verfahren zur Ausbildung einer verschleissfesten Beschichtung in/an Bauteilen einer Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere Ventilsitz - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Ausbildung einer verschleissfesten Beschichtung in/an Bauteilen einer Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere Ventilsitz Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1048825A1 EP1048825A1 EP00108215A EP00108215A EP1048825A1 EP 1048825 A1 EP1048825 A1 EP 1048825A1 EP 00108215 A EP00108215 A EP 00108215A EP 00108215 A EP00108215 A EP 00108215A EP 1048825 A1 EP1048825 A1 EP 1048825A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- diamond
- metal
- combustion engine
- valve seat
- coating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
- F01L3/02—Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
- F01L3/04—Coated valve members or valve-seats
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
Definitions
- the invention relates to Process for forming a wear-resistant coating in / on components of a Internal combustion engine, in particular valve seat, the coating being diamond material contains.
- From US 5,040,501 is a method for forming a wear-resistant coating both on a valve seat and on the associated poppet valve known, with each of the components mentioned first in a carbon-containing Atmosphere by supplying energy to the respective component surface Layer of artificial diamonds is created. In a subsequent process step this layer of artificial diamonds is coated with a metal to achieve the required tribological properties.
- the prior art also includes a diamond material containing coating also known metal-bonded diamond layers, which serve as wear or cutting layers.
- the production of such coatings usually takes place with electroless or electrolytic deposition processes.
- Such cutting surfaces are predominantly sintered manufactured.
- the invention has for its object to develop the generic method so that in / on components of an internal combustion engine are highly wear-resistant, heat-dissipating and mechanically resistant coatings with relative less effort can be achieved.
- thermal conductivity of diamond or diamond particles reference is made to the EP 0 364 155 A2, according to which, for example, in a copper or aluminum matrix embedded diamond particles serve as a heat dissipation device.
- a powdered braze is used as a metal matrix.
- a powdered braze is used as a braze type Metal matrix.
- the diamond particles of D 1 ⁇ m - 15 ⁇ m in a volume fraction of 10 - 60% are added, the Titanium content between 5 - 15% by weight.
- a respective diamond metal powder on a surface area of the respective component is further proposed according to the invention that the diamond metal powder under a protective gas atmosphere an area of exposure of a high-energy beam on the surface of each component is fed.
- the application can be designed such that the Diamond metal powder a melted surface area of each Component is fed to form a thermally integral material composite.
- Another variant of the order provides, according to the invention, that the diamond metal powder by means of a polymeric binder in a surface area of the Component applied and then after the chemical and / or thermal Final bonding around the surface by means of a high-energy beam becomes.
- the invention can be used in various ways in / on components of an internal combustion engine Find use.
- the invention is preferably on a valve seat in a cylinder head made of a light metal.
- Another use of the invention results for valve train parts, for example the armouring of a poppet valve as well as the sliding surfaces of the valve lever and control cam.
- the invention is also for tribological sliding surfaces in a crank mechanism of an internal combustion engine applicable.
- the invention can also be worn or repaired damaged surface areas of metal components.
- a use of the invention is based on one shown in the drawing Valve seat in a cylinder head made of a light metal for an internal combustion engine described.
- a cross-flow cylinder head 1 only shown schematically, for one not shown Internal combustion engine is made of an aluminum alloy and has an inlet channel 2 and a diametrically arranged outlet channel 3.
- the Gas exchange channels 2 and 3 are controlled by means of poppet valves, not shown.
- a valve seat 4 is assigned to each channel 2, 3 for each poppet valve on the combustion chamber side.
- Each valve seat 4 is initially in its geometric design by a machining process directly in the edge area of each gas exchange channel 2, 3 formed in the cylinder head 1.
- each valve seat 4 according to the invention with a Diamond-metal composite coated, coating 5.
- the diamond-metal composite material provided for coating the valve seats 4 preferably comprises a braze-like metal matrix made of a copper-titanium compound, each of the metals mentioned first being pulverized and the both metal powders mixed together or mechanically or thermally alloyed or be alloyed.
- This copper-titanium powder contains diamond particles a grain size of, for example, 5 ⁇ m in a volume fraction of for example 45% added, the titanium content between 5 - 15% Parts by weight.
- This diamond metal powder is under a protective gas atmosphere, for example Argon atmosphere, in one by a high-energy beam, for example of a laser, melting produced in the surface area of a valve seat 4 introduced for the thermal material connection with the base material of the cylinder head 1.
- the coating 5 is applied continuously, where e.g. the cylinder head 1 about the axis of the respective poppet valve respective valve seat 4 rotates or a corresponding beam guide is selected.
- This copper-titanium compound mixed with diamond particles can be advantageous Way without an intermediate layer on a light metal component, e.g. one Cylinder head, are applied, whereby a simpler process is achieved.
- a light metal component e.g. one Cylinder head
- the final shape of the coated valve seat 4 is carried out by grinding and / or polishing.
- the preferred ones are used Metals copper and titanium also pulverized, which is a polymeric binder is added.
- This metal powder can diamond particles in the aforementioned Size and in the aforementioned volume proportion are added.
- This diamond metal powder thus formed is in a surface area when applied of the component held on the surface by means of the polymeric binder, the applied coating after a chemical and / or thermal Debinding by means of an energy beam - electron beam or Laser - is remelted / melted on the surface to form the adherent Coating 5 on cylinder head 1.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (13)
- Verfahren zur Ausbildung einer verschleißfesten Beschichtung in/an Bauteilen einer Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere Ventilsitz,wobei die Beschichtung Diamant-Material enthält, dadurch gekennzeichnet,dass zur Beschichtung ein Diamant-Metall-Verbundwerkstoff verwendet wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Diamant-Metall-Verbundwerkstoff thermisch mit einer vorgeformten Bauteil-Oberfläche stoffschlüssig verbunden wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet,dass mindestens zwei unterschiedliche Metalle pulverisiert werden unddie Metallpulver miteinander gemischt oder mechanisch oder thermisch legiert oder vorlegiert oder den Pulvern ein nicht metallischer Binder zugesetzt wird undden zusammengeführten Metallpulvern Diamantpartikel in der Korngröße von D = 1 µm - 100 µm zugesetzt werden in einem Volumenanteil von 10 - 60 %.
- Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als eine Metallmatrix ein pulverisiertes Hartlot verwendet wird.
- Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet,dass als hartlotartige Metallmatrix eine Kupfer-Titan-Verbindung dient, derDiamantpartikel von D = 1 µm - 15 µm in einem Volumenanteil von 10 - 60 % zugesetzt werden, wobeider Titananteil zwischen 5 - 15 % Gewichtsanteile beträgt.
- Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Diamant-Metall-Pulver unter einer Schutzgasatmosphäre einem Einwirkungsbereich eines energiereichen Strahles auf die Oberfläche eines jeweiligen Bauteiles zugeführt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Diamant-Metall-Pulver einem aufgeschmolzenen Oberflächenbereich zugeführt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 3 und 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet,dass das Diamant-Metall-Pulver mittels eines polymeren Binders in einem Oberflächenbereich des Bauteiles aufgetragen undanschließend nach einer chemischen und/oder thermischen Entbinderung mittels eines energiereichen Strahles auf der Oberfläche um/aufgeschmolzen wird.
- Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, gekennzeichnet durch die Verwendung für einen Ventilsitz in einem Brennkraftmaschinen-Zylinderkopf aus einem Leichtmetall.
- Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, gekennzeichnet durch die Verwendung für Ventiltriebteile, wie Ventilpanzerung, Ventilhebel, Steuernocken.
- Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, gekennzeichnet durch die Verwendung im Kurbeltrieb einer Brennkraftmaschine für tribologische Gleitflächen.
- Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, gekennzeichnet durch die Verwendung für Reparaturen verschlissener oder beschädigter Oberflächenbereiche.
- Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Diamant-Metall-Verbundwerkstoff auf der Basis von Kupfer Titan oder Vanadium oder Chrom oder Zirkon enthält.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19918813 | 1999-04-26 | ||
DE19918813 | 1999-04-26 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1048825A1 true EP1048825A1 (de) | 2000-11-02 |
EP1048825B1 EP1048825B1 (de) | 2004-12-08 |
Family
ID=7905843
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00108215A Expired - Lifetime EP1048825B1 (de) | 1999-04-26 | 2000-04-14 | Verfahren zur Ausbildung einer verschleissfesten Beschichtung in/an Bauteilen einer Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere Ventilsitz |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1048825B1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE50008880D1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2228329T3 (de) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2005047660A1 (de) * | 2003-11-15 | 2005-05-26 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Bauteil einer brennkraftmaschine und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
DE102018212909A1 (de) * | 2018-08-02 | 2020-02-06 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Verfahren zur Ausbildung eines Ventilsitzes eines Zylinderkopfs, sowie mit dem Verfahren bearbeiteter Ventilsitzbereich des Zylinderkopfs |
DE102019123456A1 (de) * | 2019-09-02 | 2021-03-04 | Federal-Mogul Valvetrain Gmbh | Tellerventil mit kern und verfahren zu deren herstellung |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3879175A (en) * | 1971-06-24 | 1975-04-22 | De Beers Ind Diamond | Bearing bodies and methods of forming bearing surfaces |
US4749594A (en) * | 1986-10-17 | 1988-06-07 | Degussa Aktiengesellschaft | Method for coating surfaces with hard substances |
GB2201425A (en) * | 1987-02-27 | 1988-09-01 | Inst Nadezhnosti I Dolgovechno | Method of producing diamond-impregnated coatings |
US5040501A (en) | 1987-03-31 | 1991-08-20 | Lemelson Jerome H | Valves and valve components |
US5368890A (en) * | 1992-09-01 | 1994-11-29 | De Nagybaczon; Erno N. | "Coating process for depositing extremely hard films on substrates" |
US5441024A (en) * | 1994-05-09 | 1995-08-15 | Val-Kro, Inc. | Engine valve |
US5492769A (en) * | 1992-09-17 | 1996-02-20 | Board Of Governors Of Wayne State University | Method for the production of scratch resistance articles and the scratch resistance articles so produced |
WO1998015672A1 (de) * | 1995-10-05 | 1998-04-16 | Blz Bayerisches Laserzentrum Gemeinnützige Forsch Ungsgesellschaft Mbh | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung eines schneidwerkzeuges |
US5848348A (en) * | 1995-08-22 | 1998-12-08 | Dennis; Mahlon Denton | Method for fabrication and sintering composite inserts |
-
2000
- 2000-04-14 ES ES00108215T patent/ES2228329T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-14 EP EP00108215A patent/EP1048825B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-14 DE DE2000508880 patent/DE50008880D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3879175A (en) * | 1971-06-24 | 1975-04-22 | De Beers Ind Diamond | Bearing bodies and methods of forming bearing surfaces |
US4749594A (en) * | 1986-10-17 | 1988-06-07 | Degussa Aktiengesellschaft | Method for coating surfaces with hard substances |
GB2201425A (en) * | 1987-02-27 | 1988-09-01 | Inst Nadezhnosti I Dolgovechno | Method of producing diamond-impregnated coatings |
US5040501A (en) | 1987-03-31 | 1991-08-20 | Lemelson Jerome H | Valves and valve components |
US5368890A (en) * | 1992-09-01 | 1994-11-29 | De Nagybaczon; Erno N. | "Coating process for depositing extremely hard films on substrates" |
US5492769A (en) * | 1992-09-17 | 1996-02-20 | Board Of Governors Of Wayne State University | Method for the production of scratch resistance articles and the scratch resistance articles so produced |
US5441024A (en) * | 1994-05-09 | 1995-08-15 | Val-Kro, Inc. | Engine valve |
US5848348A (en) * | 1995-08-22 | 1998-12-08 | Dennis; Mahlon Denton | Method for fabrication and sintering composite inserts |
WO1998015672A1 (de) * | 1995-10-05 | 1998-04-16 | Blz Bayerisches Laserzentrum Gemeinnützige Forsch Ungsgesellschaft Mbh | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung eines schneidwerkzeuges |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2005047660A1 (de) * | 2003-11-15 | 2005-05-26 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Bauteil einer brennkraftmaschine und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
DE102018212909A1 (de) * | 2018-08-02 | 2020-02-06 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Verfahren zur Ausbildung eines Ventilsitzes eines Zylinderkopfs, sowie mit dem Verfahren bearbeiteter Ventilsitzbereich des Zylinderkopfs |
DE102018212909B4 (de) | 2018-08-02 | 2022-12-29 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Verfahren zur Ausbildung eines Ventilsitzes eines Zylinderkopfs, sowie mit dem Verfahren bearbeiteter Ventilsitzbereich des Zylinderkopfs |
DE102019123456A1 (de) * | 2019-09-02 | 2021-03-04 | Federal-Mogul Valvetrain Gmbh | Tellerventil mit kern und verfahren zu deren herstellung |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE50008880D1 (de) | 2005-01-13 |
ES2228329T3 (es) | 2005-04-16 |
EP1048825B1 (de) | 2004-12-08 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
DE102007019510B3 (de) | Zu einer Gleitpaarung gehörendes Maschinenteil sowie Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung | |
DE3937526C2 (de) | Verschleißfeste Titanlegierung, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung | |
EP2783076B1 (de) | Verfahren zur panzerung der z-notch von tial-schaufeln | |
DE112011101779T5 (de) | Metallpulver zum selektiven Lasersintern, Verfahren zur Herstellung eines dreidimensionalen Formgegenstands unter Verwendung desselben und davon erhaltener dreidimensionaler Formgegenstand | |
DE60214976T2 (de) | Verschleissfeste kupferbasislegierung | |
EP3069803A1 (de) | Schaufel einer strömungsmaschine aus unterschiedlichen werkstoffen und verfahren zur herstellung derselben | |
DE10324279A1 (de) | Zylinderlaufbuchse, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung sowie Verbundteil | |
DE102020112100A1 (de) | Bauteil einer Bremse für ein Fahrzeug und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung | |
DE102009052983A1 (de) | Beschichten von Kunststoffbauteilen mittels kinetischen Kaltgasspritzens | |
EP2275220A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Panzerung von Bauteilen aus einem TiAl-Basiswerkstoff, sowie entsprechende Bauteile | |
EP3973205A1 (de) | Reibbremskörper für eine reibbremse eines kraftfahrzeugs, verfahren zur herstellung, reibbremse | |
WO2004048756A1 (de) | Ventilsitz und verfahren zur herstellung eines ventilsitzes | |
EP3110987B1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung eines dentalinstruments oder medizinischen instruments | |
DE10061750A1 (de) | Wolframhaltige Verschleißschutzschicht für Kolbenringe | |
EP3153269A1 (de) | Reparatur verschlissener bauteiloberflächen | |
DE4010076A1 (de) | Materialsysteme fuer den einsatz in bei hoeherer temperatur einsetzbaren strahltriebwerken | |
EP1048825A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Ausbildung einer verschleissfesten Beschichtung in/an Bauteilen einer Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere Ventilsitz | |
EP2045350A2 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Beschichtungen aus MMC und derartig beschichtete Bauteile | |
EP1161569B2 (de) | Verfahren und anordnung zum herstellen verschleissfester oberflächen | |
WO2023104251A1 (de) | Grundkörper mit einer beschichtung | |
DE102015013706A1 (de) | Funktionsschicht | |
EP2840166B1 (de) | Intermetallische Verschleißschutzschicht für Titan-Werkstoffe | |
DE4419996C2 (de) | Werkzeugschneiden, insbesondere von technischen Messern, mit einer verschleißfesten Verbundschicht und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung der Werkzeugschneiden | |
DE102008034399B4 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Beschichtungen aus MMC und derartig beschichtete Bauteile | |
EP0728917B1 (de) | Auslassventil für eine Dieselbrennkraftmaschine |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB IT |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Free format text: AL;LT;LV;MK;RO;SI |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20001115 |
|
AKX | Designation fees paid |
Free format text: DE ES FR GB IT |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20031209 |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: DETTLING, HORST Inventor name: WALDMANN, HANS Inventor name: WUNDER, JOERG, DR. Inventor name: BERGMANN, HANS WILHELM, DR. Inventor name: WALLMANN, CLEMENS Inventor name: MITTRACH, JUERGEN |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB IT |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: NOT ENGLISH |
|
GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 20041208 |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 50008880 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 20050113 Kind code of ref document: P |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Ref document number: 2228329 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T3 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20050909 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 17 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 18 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20170424 Year of fee payment: 18 Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20170427 Year of fee payment: 18 Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20170425 Year of fee payment: 18 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Payment date: 20170420 Year of fee payment: 18 Ref country code: ES Payment date: 20170503 Year of fee payment: 18 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R119 Ref document number: 50008880 Country of ref document: DE |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20180414 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20181101 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20180414 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20180414 Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20180430 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FD2A Effective date: 20190912 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20180415 |