EP1048052A1 - Electrode for discharge lamps - Google Patents

Electrode for discharge lamps

Info

Publication number
EP1048052A1
EP1048052A1 EP98916838A EP98916838A EP1048052A1 EP 1048052 A1 EP1048052 A1 EP 1048052A1 EP 98916838 A EP98916838 A EP 98916838A EP 98916838 A EP98916838 A EP 98916838A EP 1048052 A1 EP1048052 A1 EP 1048052A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
electrode according
pin
solid body
solid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP98916838A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1048052B1 (en
Inventor
Thomas Eggers
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eggers Thomas
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1048052A1 publication Critical patent/EP1048052A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1048052B1 publication Critical patent/EP1048052B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/04—Electrodes; Screens; Shields
    • H01J61/06—Main electrodes
    • H01J61/073—Main electrodes for high-pressure discharge lamps
    • H01J61/0732—Main electrodes for high-pressure discharge lamps characterised by the construction of the electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/04—Electrodes; Screens; Shields
    • H01J61/06—Main electrodes
    • H01J61/067—Main electrodes for low-pressure discharge lamps
    • H01J61/0672—Main electrodes for low-pressure discharge lamps characterised by the construction of the electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/04—Electrodes; Screens; Shields
    • H01J61/06—Main electrodes
    • H01J61/067—Main electrodes for low-pressure discharge lamps
    • H01J61/0675—Main electrodes for low-pressure discharge lamps characterised by the material of the electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/04—Electrodes; Screens; Shields
    • H01J61/06—Main electrodes
    • H01J61/073—Main electrodes for high-pressure discharge lamps
    • H01J61/0735—Main electrodes for high-pressure discharge lamps characterised by the material of the electrode

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrode for discharge lamps with a pin at least partially enclosed by a solid body.
  • Electrodes of the type mentioned at the outset are used in discharge lamps in order to emit or receive electrons in the event of a gas discharge.
  • the electrodes each contain a pin, from the free end of which electrons each emerge or enter the pin at this end, the pin in the vicinity of its free end generally being partially enclosed by a heat sink, which usually consists of one around the Pin coiled wire is formed. It has been shown that both the attachment of such a heat sink formed from a wound wire to the pin and a robust fixation of the heat sink to the pin can only be achieved with great technical effort, the results with respect to a fixed fixation of the heat sink on the pen are not satisfactory.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide an electrode for discharge lamps in which the heat sink is easily applied to the pin and is firmly connected to the pin while producing a robust unit.
  • this object is achieved in that the solid is formed from a high-melting material.
  • the feature that the solid body is formed from a high-melting material means that the solid body also having the function of a heat sink can be produced as a solid block, which can be firmly connected to the pin both due to its material properties and its dimensions is.
  • the solid body is formed from a material which has a melting point above 1800 ° C.
  • the solid is preferably formed from tungsten.
  • the solid body is preferably designed in the form of a cylinder, into which an axial bore is made.
  • the axial bore is dimensioned so that the pin of the electrode can be inserted into the bore.
  • the solid body can be connected to the pin by means of a number of different methods to form a fixed unit, as will be explained further below.
  • the bore is made in the cylinder by means of a laser, in particular an Nd: YAG laser.
  • the solid body is composed of a plurality of partial solid bodies arranged one behind the other. This ensures that particularly long electrode bodies according to the invention can be produced, which cannot be produced in one piece due to a limited penetration depth of a laser beam.
  • the end on the solid body side of the pin welded to the end of the solid surrounding it.
  • This welding is preferably carried out by means of a laser, in particular Nd: YAG or C0 2 laser, and has the effect that the common end of the pin and the solid body surrounding it is designed in the form of a convex dome, the edge region of which merges with the solid body.
  • a tip of the electrode according to the invention formed in this way has the advantage that it is particularly effective and wear-resistant.
  • the solid body is provided with at least one transverse bore. If such a transverse bore is introduced into a solid body prior to the introduction of an axial bore, then it enables the evaporation particles that are created when the axial bore to be introduced by means of a laser to be removed.
  • the formation of an axial bore by means of laser beams is particularly effective due to the rapid escape of the vapor particles from the area penetrated by laser beams.
  • the possibility is created of welding the solid body to the pin at a further fixed location than the crest.
  • Emission pastes are generally substances that promote electron emission from the electrode.
  • the solid thus fulfills the function of increased electron emission in addition to a cooling function.
  • the emission paste contains, for example, thorium oxide.
  • the bore of the solid body of the electrode according to the invention preferably has an inner diameter which is larger than the diameter of the pin, the gap between the solid body and the pin being filled with the aid of a melt.
  • the melt preferably contains molybdenum.
  • tantalum, niobium, titanium or platinum can also be used. This creates a robust connection between the solid and the pin.
  • the solid body can be mechanically shrunk by means of a plurality of stamps acting on it from the outside to such an extent that it enters into a mechanically fixed connection with the pin.
  • the solid is preferably welded to the pin at one or more fixed points, the corresponding welding process preferably being generated by laser radiation. Also by direct welding of the solid body to the pin, in particular at a plurality of fixed points, in the area of common outer contact edges or in Area of cross holes, a firm mechanical connection between the solid body and the pin is made possible.
  • FIG. 1 shows a conventional discharge lamp in a cross-sectional view
  • FIG. 3 shows a preferred embodiment of the electrode according to the invention in a cross-sectional view
  • FIG. 4 shows a further preferred embodiment of the electrode according to the invention in a cross-sectional view
  • FIG. 5 shows a further preferred embodiment of the electrode according to the invention in a cross-sectional view
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic illustration of a device for stamping an electrode body according to the invention in a view from above;
  • FIG. 7 shows a further preferred embodiment of the electrode body according to the invention in a view from the front, after stamping by means of the stamp device shown in FIG. 6;
  • FIG. 8 shows a further preferred embodiment of the electrode body according to the invention in a cross-sectional view.
  • 9 shows a further preferred embodiment of the electrode body according to the invention in a cross-sectional view.
  • FIG. 10 shows a further preferred embodiment of the electrode body according to the invention in a cross-sectional view.
  • FIG. 11 shows a further preferred embodiment of the electrode body according to the invention in a cross-sectional view.
  • the molybdenum foils 14, 14 ' act as current supply elements within the glass bulb to the electrode pins 13, 13'.
  • the electrodes 11, 11 'each have a free electrode end 16, 16' also called a "tip", an electron exchange taking place between the electrode ends 16, 16 'in such a way that one electrode end in each case emits electrons and the other electrode end has an input for
  • 2 shows a side view of a conventional electrode 11, as is used in a discharge bulb 12 according to FIG. 1.
  • the electrode body or heat sink 17 is formed from a wire wound around the electrode pin 13, the ends 17a and 17b of which are exposed.
  • the wire can, as shown in the figure, be wound in two layers in different directions.
  • the electrode 11 according to the invention shown in FIG. 3 is instead of a wire winding shown in FIG. 2
  • the electrode body 17 is produced overall as a solid block of a solid body, which is formed from a high-melting material.
  • the electrode 11 shown in FIG. 3 has a free electrode end 16.
  • the same reference numerals designate the same components as in the electrode shown in FIG. 3. In contrast to the latter, however, the electrode 11 shown in FIG. 4 does not have a separate electrode end 16.
  • the “flush” electrode end 16a is lasered with the Electrode body 17 is welded, so that an electrode end 16b is formed, the diameter of which, in contrast to the electrode end 16 shown in FIG. 3, is hemispherical on the outside and enlarged to the diameter of the electrode body 17.
  • a hemispherical dome is formed, the arc in the lamp looking for the shortest distance between the electrodes and, in the case of hemispherical dome, starting at its highest point, whereas it can move back and forth on the corresponding surface at flat ends, which leads to a restless light.
  • a particularly high constancy of the emitted light intensity can therefore be recorded.
  • a plurality of stamps 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 are arranged concentrically around an electrode 11.
  • the stamps 20 to 25 can be reciprocally moved at high pressure by means of a mechanism (not shown), the electrode 11 shown in cross section being arranged in the center of the stamps 20 to 25 in such a way that the stamps 20 to 25 each open at essentially the same times rest the electrode body 17 of the electrode 11 and then press the electrode body 17 in the direction of the electrode pin 18 with the application of the same force, with deformation of both the electrode body 17 and the electrode pin 18 of the electrode body 17 with the electrode pin 18 into one Unit is compressed, as shown in a corresponding electrode 11 shown in cross section in Figure 7.
  • the electrode body 17 is soldered or welded to the electrode pin 18 by means of tantalum as a solder mass.
  • the soldering or welding of the electrode body 17 to the electrode pin 18 is an alternative method to the method shown in FIG. 6 for the permanent, firm connection of an electrode body 17 to an electrode pin 18.
  • the bore of the solid body 17 has an inner diameter that is larger than the diameter of the pin 16, the gap between the solid body 17 and the pin 16 being filled with a melt.
  • the melt contains molybdenum.
  • the electrode body 17 has cross bores 20, 20 '.
  • the electrode body 17 is welded to the electrode pin 13 in the transverse bores 20, 20 ′ in order to have improved adhesion to the electrode body 13.
  • the electrode body 17 is made of a plurality of partial solid bodies 17 ', 17'',17''' and 17 '''' arranged one behind the other. Recesses 22 are provided between these partial solid bodies. The dimensions of the cutouts 22 can also be made larger or smaller than shown in the figure.

Landscapes

  • Discharge Lamp (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Electron Tubes, Discharge Lamp Vessels, Lead-In Wires, And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an electrode for discharge lamps, comprising a pin which is at least partially surrounded by a solid body. Said solid body consists of a material with a high melting point. The cooling body is therefore easy to mount on the pin and can be solidly connected to the same so that they form a robust unit.

Description

ELEKTRODE FÜR ENTLADUNGSLAMPEN ELECTRODE FOR DISCHARGE LAMPS
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Elektrode für Entladungslampen mit einem mindestens teilweise von einem Festkörper umschlossenen Stift .The invention relates to an electrode for discharge lamps with a pin at least partially enclosed by a solid body.
Elektroden der eingangs genannten Art werden in Entladungslampen verwendet, um bei einer Gasenentladung Elektronen abzugeben oder aufzunehmen. Die Elektroden enthalten jeweils einen Stift, von dessen freiem Ende Elektronen jeweils austreten oder an diesem Ende in den Stift eintreten, wobei der Stift in der Nachbarschaft seines freien Endes in der Regel teilweise von einem Kühlkörper umschlossen ist, der meistens aus einem um den Stift gewickelten Draht gebildet ist. Dabei hat es sich gezeigt, daß sowohl das Anbringen eines derartigen, aus einem gewickelten Draht gebildeten Kühlkörper auf dem Stift als auch eine robuste Fixierung des Kühlkörpers an dem Stift nur unter hohem technischen Aufwand zu erreichen ist, wobei die Ergebnisse bezüglich einer festen Fixierung des Kühlkörpers an dem Stift nicht zufriedenstellend sind.Electrodes of the type mentioned at the outset are used in discharge lamps in order to emit or receive electrons in the event of a gas discharge. The electrodes each contain a pin, from the free end of which electrons each emerge or enter the pin at this end, the pin in the vicinity of its free end generally being partially enclosed by a heat sink, which usually consists of one around the Pin coiled wire is formed. It has been shown that both the attachment of such a heat sink formed from a wound wire to the pin and a robust fixation of the heat sink to the pin can only be achieved with great technical effort, the results with respect to a fixed fixation of the heat sink on the pen are not satisfactory.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es deshalb, eine Elektrode für Entladungslampen zu schaffen, bei der der Kühlkörper auf einfache Weise auf den Stift aufgebracht ist und unter Herstellung einer robusten Einheit fest mit dem Stift verbunden ist .The object of the invention is therefore to provide an electrode for discharge lamps in which the heat sink is easily applied to the pin and is firmly connected to the pin while producing a robust unit.
Für eine Elektrode der eingangs genannten Art wird diese Aufgabe dadurch erreicht, daß der Festkörper aus einem hochschmelzenden Material gebildet ist.For an electrode of the type mentioned in the introduction, this object is achieved in that the solid is formed from a high-melting material.
Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche .Preferred embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.
Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Elektrode wird durch das Merkmal, daß der Festkörper aus einem hochschmelzenden Material gebildet ist, erreicht, daß der auch die Funktion eines Kühlkörpers innehabende Festkörper als massiver Block herstellbar ist, der sowohl aufgrund seiner Materialbeschaffenheit als auch seiner Abmessungen mit dem Stift fest verbindbar ist. Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Elektrode ist der Festkörper dabei aus einem Material gebildet, das einen Schmelzpunkt oberhalb von 1800 °C aufweist.In the electrode according to the invention, the feature that the solid body is formed from a high-melting material means that the solid body also having the function of a heat sink can be produced as a solid block, which can be firmly connected to the pin both due to its material properties and its dimensions is. According to a preferred embodiment of the electrode according to the invention, the solid body is formed from a material which has a melting point above 1800 ° C.
Vorzugsweise ist der Festkörper aus Wolfram gebildet.The solid is preferably formed from tungsten.
Der Festkörper ist vorzugsweise in der Form eines Zylinders ausgebildet, in den eine axiale Bohrung eingebracht ist. Die axiale Bohrung ist dabei so bemessen, daß der Stift der Elektrode in die Bohrung einbringbar ist. Nach dem Einbringen des Stiftes in die axiale Bohrung des Festkörpers ist der Festkörper mit dem Stift mittels einer Mehrzahl unterschiedlicher Methoden zu einer festen Einheit verbindbar, wie weiter unten ausgeführt wird. Die Bohrung ist dabei gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Elektrode mittels eines Lasers, insbesondere eines Nd:YAG-Lasers in den Zylinder eingebracht .The solid body is preferably designed in the form of a cylinder, into which an axial bore is made. The axial bore is dimensioned so that the pin of the electrode can be inserted into the bore. After the pin has been introduced into the axial bore of the solid body, the solid body can be connected to the pin by means of a number of different methods to form a fixed unit, as will be explained further below. According to a preferred embodiment of the electrode according to the invention, the bore is made in the cylinder by means of a laser, in particular an Nd: YAG laser.
Gemäß einer wichtigen Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Elektrode ist der Festkörper aus einer Mehrzahl hintereinander angeordneter Teil-Festkörper zusammengesetzt. Dadurch wird erreicht, daß auch besonders lange erfindungsgemäße Elektrodenkörper herstellbar sind, die aufgrund einer begrenzten Eindringtiefe eines Laserstrahls in einstückiger Form nicht herstellbar sind.According to an important embodiment of the electrode according to the invention, the solid body is composed of a plurality of partial solid bodies arranged one behind the other. This ensures that particularly long electrode bodies according to the invention can be produced, which cannot be produced in one piece due to a limited penetration depth of a laser beam.
Gemäß einer anderen wichtigen Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Elektrode ist das festkörperseitige Ende des Stiftes mit dem es umschließenden Ende des Festkörpers verschweißt. Dieses Verschweißen wird vorzugsweise mittels eines Lasers, insbesondere Nd:YAG- oder C02-Lasers durchgeführt und bewirkt, daß das gemeinsame Ende des Stiftes und des ihn umschließenden Festkörpers in Form einer konvexen Kuppe ausgeführt ist, deren Randbereich in den Festkörper übergeht. Eine derart gebildete Kuppe der erfindungsgemäßen Elektrode weist den Vorteil auf, daß sie besonders effektiv und verschleißfest ist.According to another important embodiment of the electrode according to the invention, the end on the solid body side of the pin welded to the end of the solid surrounding it. This welding is preferably carried out by means of a laser, in particular Nd: YAG or C0 2 laser, and has the effect that the common end of the pin and the solid body surrounding it is designed in the form of a convex dome, the edge region of which merges with the solid body. A tip of the electrode according to the invention formed in this way has the advantage that it is particularly effective and wear-resistant.
Gemäß einer wichtigen Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Elektrode ist der Festkörper mit mindestens einer Querbohrung versehen. Wird eine solche Querbohrung vor Einbringen einer Axialbohrung in einen Festkörper eingebracht, so ermöglicht sie einen Abzug derjenigen Verdampfungspartikel nach außen hin, die beim Einbringen der Axialbohrung mittels Lasers entstehen. Die Bildung einer Axialbohrung mittels Laserstrahlen ist dabei aufgrund des so bewirkten schnellen Entweichens der Dampfpartikel aus dem von Laserstrahlen durchdrungenen Bereich besonders wirkungsvoll . Des weiteren wird durch das Einbringen einer Querbohrung in einen Festkörper die Möglichkeit geschaffen, den Festkörper an einer weiteren Fixstelle als der Kuppe mit dem Stift zu verschweißen. Alternativ wird dadurch die Möglichkeit geschaffen, den Festkörper unter Ausnahme einer Verschweißung der Kuppe lediglich an denjenigen Stellen mit dem Stift zu verschweißen, an denen Querbohrungen vorgesehen sind. Das Verschweißen dieser Fixstellen wird vorzugsweise ebenfalls mittels Laserstrahlen durchgeführt. Das Einbringen von Querbohrungen in den Festkörper ermöglicht des weiteren ein Einbringen bzw. Deponieren von Emissionspasten in den Querbohrungen. Emissionspasten sind dabei generell solche Stoffe, die eine Elektronenemission der Elektrode fördern. Bei dieser Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Elektrode erfüllt der Festkörper somit neben einer Kühlfunktion auch die Funktion einer erhöhten Elektronenemission. Die Emissionspaste enthält dabei beispielsweise Thoriumoxyd.According to an important embodiment of the electrode according to the invention, the solid body is provided with at least one transverse bore. If such a transverse bore is introduced into a solid body prior to the introduction of an axial bore, then it enables the evaporation particles that are created when the axial bore to be introduced by means of a laser to be removed. The formation of an axial bore by means of laser beams is particularly effective due to the rapid escape of the vapor particles from the area penetrated by laser beams. Furthermore, by introducing a transverse bore into a solid body, the possibility is created of welding the solid body to the pin at a further fixed location than the crest. As an alternative, this creates the possibility of welding the solid body to the pin only at those points where transverse bores are provided, with the exception of welding the crest. The welding of these fixed points is preferably also carried out by means of laser beams. The introduction of cross holes in the solid furthermore allows emission pastes to be introduced or deposited in the cross holes. Emission pastes are generally substances that promote electron emission from the electrode. In this embodiment of the electrode according to the invention, the solid thus fulfills the function of increased electron emission in addition to a cooling function. The emission paste contains, for example, thorium oxide.
Die Bohrung des Festkörpers der erfindungsgemäßen Elektrode weist vorzugsweise einen Innendurchmesser auf, der größer als der Durchmesser des Stiftes ist, wobei der Zwischenraum zwischen dem Festkörper und dem Stift mit Hilfe einer Schmelze ausgefüllt ist. Die Schmelze enthält dabei vorzugsweise Molybdän. Es kommen aber auch Tantal, Niob, Titan oder Platin in Betracht. Dadurch ist jeweils eine robuste Verbindung zwischen dem Festkörper und dem Stift geschaffen. Alternativ zu einer Schmelze kann der Festkörper mittels einer Mehrzahl von außen auf ihn einwirkenden Stempel mechanisch so weit geschrumpft werden, daß er in eine mechanisch feste Verbindung mit dem Stift tritt.The bore of the solid body of the electrode according to the invention preferably has an inner diameter which is larger than the diameter of the pin, the gap between the solid body and the pin being filled with the aid of a melt. The melt preferably contains molybdenum. However, tantalum, niobium, titanium or platinum can also be used. This creates a robust connection between the solid and the pin. As an alternative to a melt, the solid body can be mechanically shrunk by means of a plurality of stamps acting on it from the outside to such an extent that it enters into a mechanically fixed connection with the pin.
Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Elektrode ist der Festkörper vorzugsweise an einem oder mehr Fixpunkten mit dem Stift verschweißt, wobei der entsprechende Schweißvorgang vorzugsweise durch Laserstrahlung erzeugt ist. Auch durch ein insbesondere an einer Mehrzahl von Fixpunkten erfolgten direkten Verschweißens des Festkörpers mit dem Stift, im Bereich gemeinsamer äußerer Berührungskanten oder im Bereich von Querbohrungen, ist eine feste mechanische Verbindung zwischen dem Festkörper und dem Stift ermöglicht .In the electrode according to the invention, the solid is preferably welded to the pin at one or more fixed points, the corresponding welding process preferably being generated by laser radiation. Also by direct welding of the solid body to the pin, in particular at a plurality of fixed points, in the area of common outer contact edges or in Area of cross holes, a firm mechanical connection between the solid body and the pin is made possible.
Die erfindungsgemäße Elektrode wird anhand bevorzugter Ausführungsformen erläutert, die in den Figuren der Zeichnung dargestellt sind. Es zeigen:The electrode according to the invention is explained on the basis of preferred embodiments which are shown in the figures of the drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1 eine herkömmliche Entladungslampe in einer Querschnittsansicht ;1 shows a conventional discharge lamp in a cross-sectional view;
Fig. 2 eine herkömmliche Elektrode in einer Seitenansicht;2 shows a conventional electrode in a side view;
Fig. 3 eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Elektrode in einer Querschnittsansicht ;3 shows a preferred embodiment of the electrode according to the invention in a cross-sectional view;
Fig. 4 eine weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Elektrode in einer Querschnitts- ansieht;4 shows a further preferred embodiment of the electrode according to the invention in a cross-sectional view;
Fig. 5 eine weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Elektrode in einer Querschnittsansicht;5 shows a further preferred embodiment of the electrode according to the invention in a cross-sectional view;
Fig. 6 eine schematisch Darstellung einer Vorrichtung zum Stempeln eines erfindungsgemäßen Elektrodenkörpers in einer Ansicht von oben;6 shows a schematic illustration of a device for stamping an electrode body according to the invention in a view from above;
Fig. 7 eine weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Elektrodenkörpers in einer Ansicht von vorne, nach einem Stempeln mittels der in Fig. 6 gezeigten Stempelvorrichtung;7 shows a further preferred embodiment of the electrode body according to the invention in a view from the front, after stamping by means of the stamp device shown in FIG. 6;
Fig. 8 eine weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Elektrodenkörpers in einer Querschnittsansicht . Fig. 9 eine weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Elektrodenkörpers in einer Querschnittsansicht .8 shows a further preferred embodiment of the electrode body according to the invention in a cross-sectional view. 9 shows a further preferred embodiment of the electrode body according to the invention in a cross-sectional view.
Fig.10 eine weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Elektrodenkörpers in einer Querschnittsansicht .10 shows a further preferred embodiment of the electrode body according to the invention in a cross-sectional view.
Fig.11 eine weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Elektrodenkörpers in einer Querschnittsansicht .11 shows a further preferred embodiment of the electrode body according to the invention in a cross-sectional view.
Bei der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Entladungslampe 10 sind zwei Elektroden 11, 11' innerhalb eines Quarzglaskolbens 12 so angeordnet, daß jeweils ein Ende, das auch als Elektrodenstift 13, 13' bezeichnet wird, in dem Glaskolben 12 verschweißt ist. Die Elektroden 11, 11' sind dabei sich gegenüberstehend an entgegengesetzten Enden des Kolbens 12 angeordnet. Die Elektrodenstifte 13, 13' sind über Molybdänfolien 14, 14' mit Molybdänstiften 15, 15' verbunden, die jeweils zum Stromanschluß vorgesehen sind. Die Molybdänfolien 14, 14' wirken dabei als Stromzuführungselemente innerhalb des Glaskolbens zu den Elektrodenstiften 13, 13'. Die Elektroden 11, 11' weisen jeweils ein auch „Tip" genanntes freies Elektrodenende 16, 16' auf, wobei zwischen den Elektrodenenden 16, 16' ein Elektronenaustausch derart stattfindet, daß das jeweils eine Elektrodenende Elektronen emitiert und das jeweils andere Elektrodenende einen Eingang für Elektronen bildet . Die Elektroden 11, 11' sind jeweils im Bereich ihrer Enden 16, 16' von einem Elektrodenkörper bzw. Kühlkörper 17, 17' umschlossen. In Fig. 2 ist eine herkömmliche Elektrode 11, wie sie in einem Entladungskolben 12 gemäß Fig. 1 Verwendung findet, in einer Seitenansicht dargestellt. Der Elektrodenkörper bzw. Kühlkörper 17 ist dabei aus einem um den Elektrodenstift 13 gewickelten Draht gebildet, dessen Enden 17a und 17b freiliegen. Der Draht kann dabei, so wie in der Figur dargestellt, zweilagig in jeweils unterschiedlichen Richtungen gewickelt sein.In the discharge lamp 10 shown in FIG. 1, two electrodes 11, 11 'are arranged within a quartz glass bulb 12 such that one end, which is also referred to as an electrode pin 13, 13', is welded in the glass bulb 12. The electrodes 11, 11 'are arranged opposite one another at opposite ends of the piston 12. The electrode pins 13, 13 'are connected via molybdenum foils 14, 14' to molybdenum pins 15, 15 ', which are each provided for the power connection. The molybdenum foils 14, 14 'act as current supply elements within the glass bulb to the electrode pins 13, 13'. The electrodes 11, 11 'each have a free electrode end 16, 16' also called a "tip", an electron exchange taking place between the electrode ends 16, 16 'in such a way that one electrode end in each case emits electrons and the other electrode end has an input for The electrodes 11, 11 'are each enclosed in the area of their ends 16, 16' by an electrode body or heat sink 17, 17 '. 2 shows a side view of a conventional electrode 11, as is used in a discharge bulb 12 according to FIG. 1. The electrode body or heat sink 17 is formed from a wire wound around the electrode pin 13, the ends 17a and 17b of which are exposed. The wire can, as shown in the figure, be wound in two layers in different directions.
Bei der in Fig. 3 dargestellten erfindungsgemäßen Elektrode 11 ist anstelle eines in Fig. 2 dargestellten DrahtwickelsThe electrode 11 according to the invention shown in FIG. 3 is instead of a wire winding shown in FIG. 2
17 ein hohlzylindrischer Massivkörper 17 als Elektrodenkörper bzw. Kühlkörper um dem betreffenden Teil17 a hollow cylindrical solid body 17 as an electrode body or heat sink around the part in question
18 des Elektrodenstiftes 13 vorgesehen. Der Elektrodenkörper 17 ist dabei insgesamt als massiver Block eines Festkörpers hergestellt, der aus einem hochschmelzenden Material gebildet ist. Die in Fig. 3 dargestellte Elektrode 11 weist ein freies Elektrodenende 16 auf.18 of the electrode pin 13 is provided. The electrode body 17 is produced overall as a solid block of a solid body, which is formed from a high-melting material. The electrode 11 shown in FIG. 3 has a free electrode end 16.
Bei der in Fig. 4 dargestellten erfindungsgemäßen Elektrode 11 bezeichnen gleiche Bezugszahlen gleiche Bauelemente, wie bei der in Fig. 3 dargestellten Elektrode. Im Unterschied zur letzteren weist die in Fig. 4 dargestellte Elektrode 11 jedoch kein gesondertes Elektrodenende 16 auf.In the electrode 11 according to the invention shown in FIG. 4, the same reference numerals designate the same components as in the electrode shown in FIG. 3. In contrast to the latter, however, the electrode 11 shown in FIG. 4 does not have a separate electrode end 16.
Wie in Fig. 5 dargestellt, ist gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der in Fig. 4 dargestellten Elektrode 11 das „bündige" Elektrodenende 16a mittels Laser mit dem Elektrodenkörper 17 verschweißt, so daß ein Elektrodenende 16b gebildet ist, dessen Durchmesser im Gegensatz zu dem in Fig. 3 dargestellten Elektrodenende 16 nach außen hin halbkugelförmig ausgebildet ist, und auf den Durchmesser des Elektrodenkörpers 17 vergrößert ist. Dadurch ist eine halbkugelförmige Kuppe gebildet, wobei der Lichtbogen in der Lampe sich jeweils die kürzeste Strecke zwischen den Elektroden sucht und bei halbkugelförmig ausgebildeten Kuppen jeweils an deren höchstem Punkt ansetzt, wohingegen er bei ebenen Enden auf der entsprechenden Fläche hin und herwandern kann, was zu einem unruhigen Licht führt. Bei dieser Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Elektrode ist deshalb eine besonders hohe Konstanz der abgegebenen Lichtintensität zu verzeichnen.As shown in FIG. 5, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the electrode 11 shown in FIG. 4, the “flush” electrode end 16a is lasered with the Electrode body 17 is welded, so that an electrode end 16b is formed, the diameter of which, in contrast to the electrode end 16 shown in FIG. 3, is hemispherical on the outside and enlarged to the diameter of the electrode body 17. As a result, a hemispherical dome is formed, the arc in the lamp looking for the shortest distance between the electrodes and, in the case of hemispherical dome, starting at its highest point, whereas it can move back and forth on the corresponding surface at flat ends, which leads to a restless light. In this embodiment of the electrode according to the invention, a particularly high constancy of the emitted light intensity can therefore be recorded.
Bei der in Fig. 6 dargestellten Vorrichtung zum Stempeln von Elektroden ist eine Mehrzahl von Stempeln 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 konzentrisch um eine Elektrode 11 angeordnet. Die Stempel 20 bis 25 sind mittels einer nicht dargestellten Mechanik mit hohem Druck reziprozierbar in Pfeilrichtung bewegbar, wobei die im Querschnitt dargestellte Elektrode 11 im Mittelpunkt der Stempel 20 bis 25 so angeordnet ist, daß die Stempel 20 bis 25 jeweils zu im wesentlichen gleichen Zeitpunkten auf den Elektrodenkörper 17 der Elektrode 11 aufliegen und anschließend unter Aufbringung einer jeweils gleichen Kraft den Elektrodenkörper 17 in Richtung auf den Elektrodenstift 18 drücken, wobei unter Deformierung sowohl des Elektrodenkörpers 17 als auch des Elektrodenstiftes 18 der Elektrodenkörper 17 mit dem Elektrodenstift 18 zu einer Einheit zusammengedrückt wird, wie dies bei einer entsprechenden, im Querschnitt dargestellten Elektrode 11 in Figur 7 gezeigt ist.In the device for stamping electrodes shown in FIG. 6, a plurality of stamps 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 are arranged concentrically around an electrode 11. The stamps 20 to 25 can be reciprocally moved at high pressure by means of a mechanism (not shown), the electrode 11 shown in cross section being arranged in the center of the stamps 20 to 25 in such a way that the stamps 20 to 25 each open at essentially the same times rest the electrode body 17 of the electrode 11 and then press the electrode body 17 in the direction of the electrode pin 18 with the application of the same force, with deformation of both the electrode body 17 and the electrode pin 18 of the electrode body 17 with the electrode pin 18 into one Unit is compressed, as shown in a corresponding electrode 11 shown in cross section in Figure 7.
Bei der in Fig. 8 dargestellten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Elektrode ist der Elektrodenkörper 17 mittels Tantal als Lotmasse mit dem Elektrodenstift 18 verlötet bzw. verschweißt. Das Verlöten bzw. Verschweißen von Elektrodenkörper 17 mit dem Elektrodenstift 18 ist ein alternatives Verfahren gegenüber dem in Fig. 6 dargestellten Verfahren zum dauerhaften, festen Verbinden eines Elektrodenkörpers 17 mit einem Elektrodenstift 18.In the embodiment of the electrode according to the invention shown in FIG. 8, the electrode body 17 is soldered or welded to the electrode pin 18 by means of tantalum as a solder mass. The soldering or welding of the electrode body 17 to the electrode pin 18 is an alternative method to the method shown in FIG. 6 for the permanent, firm connection of an electrode body 17 to an electrode pin 18.
Bei der in Fig. 9 dargestellten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Elektrode weist die Bohrung des Festkörpers 17 einen Innendurchmesser auf, der größer als der Durchmesser des Stiftes 16 ist, wobei der Zwischenraum zwischen dem Festkörper 17 und dem Stift 16 mit Hilfe einer Schmelze ausgefüllt ist. Die Schmelze enthält Molybdän.In the embodiment of the electrode according to the invention shown in FIG. 9, the bore of the solid body 17 has an inner diameter that is larger than the diameter of the pin 16, the gap between the solid body 17 and the pin 16 being filled with a melt. The melt contains molybdenum.
Bei der in Fig. 10 dargestellten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Elektrode weist der Elektrodenkörper 17 Querbohrungen 20, 20' auf. Bei der in Fig. 11 dargestellten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Elektrode ist der Elektrodenkörper 17 in den Querbohrungen 20, 20' mit dem Elektrodenstift 13 verschweißt, um eine verbesserte Haftung auf dem Elektrodenkörper 13 aufzuweisen.In the embodiment of the electrode according to the invention shown in FIG. 10, the electrode body 17 has cross bores 20, 20 '. In the embodiment of the electrode according to the invention shown in FIG. 11, the electrode body 17 is welded to the electrode pin 13 in the transverse bores 20, 20 ′ in order to have improved adhesion to the electrode body 13.
Bei der in Fig. 11 dargestellten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Elektrode ist der Elektrodenkörper 17 aus einer Mehrzahl hintereinander angeordneter Teil-Festkörper 17', 17'', 17''' und 17'''' zusammengesetzt ist. Zwischen diesen Teil-Festkörpern sind Aussparungen 22 vorgesehen. Die Abmessungen der Aussparungen 22 können auch größer oder kleiner als in der Figur dargestellt ausgebildet sein.In the embodiment of the electrode according to the invention shown in FIG. 11, the electrode body 17 is made of a plurality of partial solid bodies 17 ', 17'',17''' and 17 '''' arranged one behind the other. Recesses 22 are provided between these partial solid bodies. The dimensions of the cutouts 22 can also be made larger or smaller than shown in the figure.
* *** * * *** *

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Elektrode für Entladungslampen mit einem mindestens teilweise von einem Festkörper umschlossenen Stift, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Festkörper aus einem hochschmelzenden Material gebildet ist.1. Electrode for discharge lamps with an at least partially enclosed by a solid pin, characterized in that the solid is formed from a high-melting material.
2. Elektrode nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Material einen Schmelzpunkt oberhalb von 1800 °C aufweist .2. Electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that the material has a melting point above 1800 ° C.
3. Elektrode nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Festkörper aus Wolfram gebildet ist.3. Electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that the solid is formed from tungsten.
4. Elektrode nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Festkörper als Zylinder ausgebildet ist, in den eine axiale Bohrung eingebracht ist.4. Electrode according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the solid body is designed as a cylinder, in which an axial bore is made.
5. Elektrode nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bohrung mittels eines Lasers eingebracht ist.5. Electrode according to claim 4, characterized in that the bore is made by means of a laser.
6. Elektrode nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Laser ein Nd:YAG-Laser ist.6. Electrode according to claim 5, characterized in that the laser is an Nd: YAG laser.
7. Elektrode nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das festkörperseitige Ende des Stiftes mit dem es umschließenden Ende des Festkörpers verschweißt ist. 7. Electrode according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the end of the pin on the solid body side is welded to the end of the solid body surrounding it.
8. Elektrode nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verschweißen des Endes des Stiftes mit dem Festkörper mittels eines Lasers durchgeführt ist.8. Electrode according to claim 7, characterized in that the welding of the end of the pin to the solid is carried out by means of a laser.
9. Elektrode nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Laser ein Nd:YAG-Laser oder ein C02-Laser ist.9. Electrode according to claim 8, characterized in that the laser is a Nd: YAG laser or a C0 2 laser.
10. Elektrode nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Festkörper aus einer Mehrzahl hintereinander angeordneter Teil-Festkörper zusammengesetzt ist.10. Electrode according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solid body is composed of a plurality of partial solid bodies arranged one behind the other.
11. Elektrode nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Festkörper mindestens eine Querbohrung aufweist.11. Electrode according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solid body has at least one transverse bore.
12. Elektrode nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in die mindestens eine Querbohrung eine Emissionspaste eingebracht ist.12. Electrode according to claim 11, characterized in that an emission paste is introduced into the at least one transverse bore.
13. Elektrode nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Emissionspaste Thoriumoxyd enthält.13. Electrode according to claim 12, characterized in that the emission paste contains thorium oxide.
14. Elektrode nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in den Festkörper eine Bohrung eingebracht ist, deren Innendurchmesser größer als der Durchmesser des Stiftes ist, wobei der Zwischenraum zwischen dem Festkörper und dem Stift mit Hilfe einer Schmelze ausgefüllt ist. 14. Electrode according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a bore is made in the solid body, the inner diameter of which is larger than the diameter of the pin, the gap between the solid body and the pin being filled with a melt.
15. Elektrode nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schmelze Molybdän enthält.15. Electrode according to claim 14, characterized in that the melt contains molybdenum.
16. Elektrode nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Festkörper eine Bohrung aufweist, deren Innendurchmesser größer als der Durchmesser des Stiftes ist, wobei der Zwischenraum zwischen dem Festkörper und dem Stift mittels einer Mehrzahl von von außen einwirkenden Stempeln mechanisch geschrumpft ist.16. Electrode according to one of claims 1-13, characterized in that the solid body has a bore, the inner diameter of which is larger than the diameter of the pin, the gap between the solid body and the pin being mechanically shrunk by means of a plurality of stamps acting from the outside is.
17. Elektrode nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Festkörper an einem oder mehr Fixpunkten mit dem Stift verschweißt ist.17. Electrode according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solid body is welded to the pin at one or more fixed points.
18. Elektrode nach Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der mindestens eine Fixpunkt mittels Laserstrahlen erzeugt ist.18. Electrode according to claim 17, characterized in that the at least one fixed point is generated by means of laser beams.
* *** * * *** *
EP98916838A 1997-12-20 1998-03-04 Method for manufacturing an electrode for discharge lamps Expired - Lifetime EP1048052B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19757152A DE19757152C2 (en) 1997-12-20 1997-12-20 Electrode for discharge lamps
DE19757152 1997-12-20
PCT/DE1998/000624 WO1999033090A1 (en) 1997-12-20 1998-03-04 Electrode for discharge lamps

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EP1048052A1 true EP1048052A1 (en) 2000-11-02
EP1048052B1 EP1048052B1 (en) 2004-06-02

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EP (1) EP1048052B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2001527272A (en)
AT (1) ATE268503T1 (en)
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DE10256389A1 (en) * 2002-12-02 2004-06-09 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Metal halogen lamp has ceramic discharge piece with electrode system having molybdenum tungsten rod inside an outer niobium tube
US7808180B2 (en) * 2003-05-26 2010-10-05 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Thorium-free electrode with improved color stability
DE10360545A1 (en) * 2003-12-22 2005-07-14 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Electrode for a high pressure discharge lamp
JP4325518B2 (en) * 2004-09-10 2009-09-02 ウシオ電機株式会社 Super high pressure mercury lamp
US7176632B2 (en) * 2005-03-15 2007-02-13 Osram Sylvania Inc. Slotted electrode for high intensity discharge lamp
US8610350B2 (en) * 2009-12-15 2013-12-17 Osram Gesellschaft Mit Beschraenkter Haftung Electrode structures for discharge lamps

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ATE268503T1 (en) 2004-06-15
DE19757152A1 (en) 1999-07-01
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WO1999033090A1 (en) 1999-07-01
JP2001527272A (en) 2001-12-25
DE59811521D1 (en) 2004-07-08
US6437509B1 (en) 2002-08-20
DE19757152C2 (en) 2002-10-31

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