EP1040504B1 - Method for producing an electrode for discharge lamps - Google Patents

Method for producing an electrode for discharge lamps Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1040504B1
EP1040504B1 EP98916837A EP98916837A EP1040504B1 EP 1040504 B1 EP1040504 B1 EP 1040504B1 EP 98916837 A EP98916837 A EP 98916837A EP 98916837 A EP98916837 A EP 98916837A EP 1040504 B1 EP1040504 B1 EP 1040504B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
pin
electrode body
wire
discharge lamps
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98916837A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1040504A1 (en
Inventor
Thomas Eggers
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Ushio Inc
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Thomas Eggers
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J9/02—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/04—Electrodes; Screens; Shields
    • H01J61/06—Main electrodes
    • H01J61/073—Main electrodes for high-pressure discharge lamps
    • H01J61/0732—Main electrodes for high-pressure discharge lamps characterised by the construction of the electrode

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a Electrode for discharge lamps with an at least partially enclosed by an electrode body, the Electrode body is formed from a wire coil and attached one or more fixed points is welded to the pin.
  • Electrodes for discharge lamps with an at least partially surrounded by an electrode body, in which the Electrode body is formed from a wire coil are in Discharge lamps used to discharge electrons during a gas discharge hand in or take up.
  • the electrodes each contain a pen, from the free end of which electrons each exit or enter the pen at that end, where the pen in the neighborhood of its free end usually is partially enclosed by a heat sink, most of the time is formed from a wire wound around the pin.
  • the pin is made of a high-melting conductive material, Usually made of tungsten, and can be made from additives Contain thorium, lanthanum, cerium and yttrium.
  • Electrodes for discharge lamps are known in which the heat sink or electrode body formed from a wire coil and is welded to the pin at one or more fixed points is.
  • these electrodes have the disadvantage that that the wire winding with insufficient strength with the pin is connected and therefore not a robust unit made of electrode body and pen is formed.
  • the object of the invention is a method for the production to create an electrode for discharge lamps, in which the Electrode body is firmly connected to the pin and with this forms a robust unit.
  • the Electrode body is formed from a wire coil, the Electrode body at one or more fixed points using laser beams or welded to the pin by means of electron beams.
  • the one Wire wound electrode body formed on one or more Fixed points using laser beams or electron beams is welded to the pin, is in the electrode achieved that in addition to the frictional force caused by the elastic preload of the wire wrap surrounding the pin is achieved further anchoring of the electrode body to the pin by directly welding the two components together at least anywhere where these components contact each other is achieved. Thereby increases the overall strength with which the Electrode body is connected to the pin. About that is also affected by the action of the laser beam Pin surface causes the same to deform, which a local radius change or radius increase for Consequence. Due to this deformation, the solid is prevents slipping over the pen or over it to be pushed.
  • At least one end is advantageous for the electrode according to the invention of the wire winding, preferably the outside exposed end of the wire winding, by means of laser beams severed to it after the wrapping process separate the remaining winding wire. That way it enables wire wrapping for electrodes particularly quickly and inexpensive to manufacture.
  • This end of the wire winding will be embodiments down to the outside diameter of the wire winding melted back so that it does not, or at most protrudes insignificantly from the wire winding. This is a wire winding that is homogeneous in its external dimensions created the optimal properties regarding Has effectiveness and longevity.
  • Electrode pin 13, 13 ' In the discharge lamp 10 shown in FIG. 1 two electrodes 11, 11 'within a quartz glass bulb 12 so arranged that one end each, also called Electrode pin 13, 13 'is referred to in the Glass bulb 12 is welded.
  • the molybdenum foils 14, 14 ' act as Power supply elements within the glass bulb to the Electrode pins 13, 13 '.
  • the electrodes 11, 11 ' have each have a free electrode end 16, also called a “tip”, 16 ', with a between the electrode ends 16, 16' Electron exchange takes place in such a way that each one electrode end emits electrons and that each other end of the electrode forms an input for electrons.
  • the electrodes 11, 11 ' are each in the region of their ends 16, 16 'from an electrode body or heat sink 17, 17' enclosed.
  • Fig. 2 is a conventional electrode 11, as in a discharge bulb 12 according to FIG. 1 is used, shown in a side view.
  • the electrode body or heat sink 17 is made of a around the electrode 11 coiled wire formed, the ends 17a and 17b exposed.
  • the wire can, as in the figure shown, two layers in different Directions.
  • FIG. 3 11 designate the same reference numbers as the same components as in the electrode shown in Fig. 2.
  • the electrode shown in FIG. 2 has the electrode shown in FIG. 3 electrode shown four fixed points 19, 19 ', 19 "and 19 '' ', 1 where the wire winding 17 with the Electrode pin 18 is spot welded.
  • the number the fixed points 19, 19 ', 19 "and 19"' is in the illustrated embodiment only as an example. So is both a larger and a smaller number of Fixed points conceivable. Especially when a fixed point is large volume, it is in the sense of the solution of sufficient object of the invention, if only a single fixed point 19 is provided.
  • ends 17a and 17b of the wire winding 17 at the Production of the same by means of laser beams from the wire severed for the winding of the winding 17th was used.
  • the ends 17a and 17b of the wire winding 17 are on the respective outer diameter of the Wire coils 17 melted back so that they are in contrast to the wire ends 17a and 17b that shown in Fig. 2 Do not step the electrode over the wire winding 17.

Abstract

The invention relates to an electrode (11) for discharge lamps (10), comprising a pin which is at least partially surrounded by a solid body. The electrode body consists of a wire wrapping (17) and is welded to the pin (18) in one or more fixing points (19, 19', 19'', 19''') by means of laser radiation. The electrode body is therefore solidly connected to the pin (18), forming a robust unit with the same.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Elektrode für Entladungslampen mit einem mindestens teilweise von einem Elektrodenkörper umschlossenen Stift, wobei der Elektrodenkörper aus einem Drahtwickel gebildet wird und an einem oder mehr Fixpunkten mit dem Stift verschweißt wird.The invention relates to a method for producing a Electrode for discharge lamps with an at least partially enclosed by an electrode body, the Electrode body is formed from a wire coil and attached one or more fixed points is welded to the pin.

Elektroden für Entladungslampen mit einem mindestens teilweise von einem Elektrodenkörper umschlossenen Stift, bei denen der Elektrodenkörper aus einem Drahtwickel gebildet ist, werden in Entladungslampen verwendet, um bei einer Gasentladung Elektronen abzugeben oder aufzunehmen. Die Elektroden enthalten jeweils einen Stift, von dessen freiem Ende Elektronen jeweils austreten oder an diesem Ende in den Stift eintreten, wobei der Stift in der Nachbarschaft seines freien Endes in der Regel teilweise von einem Kühlkörper umschlossen ist, der meistens aus einem um den Stift gewickelten Draht gebildet ist. Der Stift ist dabei aus einem hochschmelzenden leitenden Material, üblicherweise Wolfram, hergestellt, und kann Zusätze aus Thorium, Lanthan, Cer und Yttrium enthalten.Electrodes for discharge lamps with an at least partially surrounded by an electrode body, in which the Electrode body is formed from a wire coil are in Discharge lamps used to discharge electrons during a gas discharge hand in or take up. The electrodes each contain a pen, from the free end of which electrons each exit or enter the pen at that end, where the pen in the neighborhood of its free end usually is partially enclosed by a heat sink, most of the time is formed from a wire wound around the pin. The pin is made of a high-melting conductive material, Usually made of tungsten, and can be made from additives Contain thorium, lanthanum, cerium and yttrium.

Es hat sich gezeigt, daß sowohl das Anbringen eines derartigen, aus einem gewickelten Draht gebildeten Kühlkörpers auf dem Stift als auch eine robuste Fixierung des Kühlkörpers an dem Stift nur unter hohem technischen Aufwand zu erreichen ist, wobei die Ergebnisse bezüglich einer festen Fixierung des Kühlkörpers an dem Stift nicht zufriedenstellend sind.It has been shown that both the attachment of such a formed from a wound wire heatsink the pin as well as a robust fixation of the heat sink to reach the pen only with great technical effort is, the results with respect to a firm fixation of the Heatsink on the pin are not satisfactory.

Aus der EP 0 209 199 A1 und auch aus der FR 2 087 545 A1 sind Elektroden für Entladungslampen bekannt, bei denen der Kühlkörper bzw. Elektrodenkörper aus einem Drahtwickel gebildet ist und an einem oder mehr Fixpunkten mit dem Stift verschweißt ist. Diese Elektroden weisen jedoch den Nachteil auf, daß der Drahtwickel mit zu geringer Festigkeit mit dem Stift verbunden ist und somit keine robuste Einheit aus Elektrodenkörper und Stift gebildet ist.From EP 0 209 199 A1 and also from FR 2 087 545 A1 Electrodes for discharge lamps are known in which the heat sink or electrode body formed from a wire coil and is welded to the pin at one or more fixed points is. However, these electrodes have the disadvantage that that the wire winding with insufficient strength with the pin is connected and therefore not a robust unit made of electrode body and pen is formed.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Elektrode für Entladungslampen zu schaffen, bei der der Elektrodenkörper fest mit dem Stift verbunden ist und mit diesem eine robuste Einheit bildet.The object of the invention is a method for the production to create an electrode for discharge lamps, in which the Electrode body is firmly connected to the pin and with this forms a robust unit.

Diese Aufgabe ist erfandungsgemaß bei einem Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 oder 2 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Verfahrensvarianten sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche.This task is inventively in a method with the Features of claim 1 or 2 solved. Advantageous process variants are the subject of the dependent claims.

Bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Elektrode für Entladungslampen mit einem mindestens teilweise von einem Elektrodenkörper umschlossenen Stift, wobei der Elektrodenkörper aus einem Drahtwickel gebildet wird, wird der Elektrodenkörper an einem oder mehr Fixpunkten mittels Laserstrahlen oder mittels Elektronenstrahlen mit dem Stift verschweißt. In a method according to the invention for producing a Electrode for discharge lamps with an at least partially enclosed by an electrode body, the Electrode body is formed from a wire coil, the Electrode body at one or more fixed points using laser beams or welded to the pin by means of electron beams.

Durch das erfindungswesentliche Merkmal, dass der aus einem Drahtwickel gebildete Elektrodenkörper an einem oder mehr Fixpunkten mittels Laserstrahlen oder Elektronenstrahlen mit dem Stift verschweißt wird, wird bei der erfindungsgemäßen Elektrode erreicht, daß zusätzlich zu der Reibkraft, die durch eine elastische Vorspannung des den Stift umschließenden Drahtwickels erzielt wird, eine weitere Verankerung des Elektrodenkörpers an dem Stift durch direktes Verschweißen der beiden Bauteile an mindestens einer beliebigen Stelle, an der diese Bauteile gegenseitig in Kontakt treten, erreicht wird. Dadurch erhöht sich die Gesamtfestigkeit, mit der der Elektrodenkörper mit dem Stift verbunden ist. Darüber hinaus wird durch die Einwirkung des Laserstrahls auf die Stiftoberfläche eine Deformierung derselben herbeigeführt, die eine lokale Radiusänderung bzw. Radiusvergrößerung zur Folge hat. Aufgrund dieser Deformierung ist der Festkörper verhindert, über den Stift zu rutschen bzw. darüber geschoben zu werden.Due to the essential feature of the invention that the one Wire wound electrode body formed on one or more Fixed points using laser beams or electron beams is welded to the pin, is in the electrode achieved that in addition to the frictional force caused by the elastic preload of the wire wrap surrounding the pin is achieved further anchoring of the electrode body to the pin by directly welding the two components together at least anywhere where these components contact each other is achieved. Thereby increases the overall strength with which the Electrode body is connected to the pin. About that is also affected by the action of the laser beam Pin surface causes the same to deform, which a local radius change or radius increase for Consequence. Due to this deformation, the solid is prevents slipping over the pen or over it to be pushed.

Es hat sich dabei gezeigt, daß eine derartige Ver-bindung aufgrund der mit einem Schweißvorgang entstehenden Sprödigkeit der geschweißten Materialien nur mit Laserstrahlen oder Elektronenstrahlen zu erzielen ist, da nur über diese Strahlenarten eine ausreichend große Energiemenge pro Zeiteinheit auf die betreffenden Materialien aufbringbar ist, um eine sehr kleinflächige, quasi-punktuelle Schweißstelle zwischen diesen Materialien zu bewirken und gleichzeitig nur eine lokale Versprödung des Stiftmaterials zu erreichen.It has been shown that such a connection due to the welding process Brittleness of the welded materials only with Laser beams or electron beams can be achieved because only a sufficiently large one via these types of radiation Amount of energy per unit of time on the concerned Materials can be applied to a very small area, quasi-spot weld between these materials to cause and at the same time only a local embrittlement of the pen material.

Beider erfindungsgemäßen Elektrode wird vorteithaft mindestens ein Ende des Drahtwickels, vorzugsweise das nach außen hin freiliegende Ende des Drahtwickels, mittels Laserstrahlen durchtrennt, um es nach dem Wickelvorgang von dem verbleibenden Wickeldraht zu trennen. Auf diese Weise ist es ermöglicht, Drahtwickel für Elektroden besonders schnell und kostengünstig herzustellen. Gemäß bevorzugter Ausführungsformen wird dieses Ende des Drahtwickels dabei bis auf den Außendurchmesser des Drahtwickels zurückgeschmolzen, so daß es nicht oder allenfalls unwesentlich aus dem Drahtwickel hervorsteht. Dadurch ist ein in seinen Außenabmessungen homogener Drahtwickel geschaffen, der optimale Eigenschaften bezüglich Effektivität und Langlebigkeit besitzt.At least one end is advantageous for the electrode according to the invention of the wire winding, preferably the outside exposed end of the wire winding, by means of laser beams severed to it after the wrapping process separate the remaining winding wire. That way it enables wire wrapping for electrodes particularly quickly and inexpensive to manufacture. According to more preferred This end of the wire winding will be embodiments down to the outside diameter of the wire winding melted back so that it does not, or at most protrudes insignificantly from the wire winding. This is a wire winding that is homogeneous in its external dimensions created the optimal properties regarding Has effectiveness and longevity.

Die erfindungsgemäße Elektrode wird im folgenden anhand einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform erläutert, die in den Figuren der Zeichnung dargestellt ist. Darin zeigen:

Fig.1
eine herkömmliche Entladungslampe in einer Querschnittsansicht;
Fig.2
eine Elektrode für Entladungslampen gemäß dem Stand der Technik, in einer Seitenansicht;
Fig.3
eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Elektrode, in einer Seitenansicht.
The electrode according to the invention is explained below with reference to a preferred embodiment, which is shown in the figures of the drawing. In it show:
Fig.1
a conventional discharge lamp in a cross-sectional view;
Fig.2
an electrode for discharge lamps according to the prior art, in a side view;
Figure 3
a preferred embodiment of the electrode according to the invention, in a side view.

Bei der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Entladungslampe 10 sind zwei Elektroden 11, 11' innerhalb eines Quarzglaskolbens 12 so angeordnet, daß jeweils ein Ende, das auch als Elektrodenstift 13, 13' bezeichnet wird, in dem Glaskolben 12 verschweißt ist. Die Elektroden 11, 11' sind dabei sich gegenüberstehend an entgegengesetzten Enden des Kolbens 12 angeordnet. Die Elektrodenstifte 13, 13' sind über Molybdänfolien 14, 14' mit Molybdänstiften 15, 15' verbunden, die jeweils zum Stromanschluss vorgesehen sind. Die Molybdänfolien 14, 14' wirken dabei als Stromzuführungselemente innerhalb des Glaskolbens zu den Elektrodenstiften 13, 13'. Die Elektroden 11, 11' weisen jeweils ein auch "Tip" genanntes freies Elektrodenende 16, 16' auf, wobei zwischen den Elektrodenenden 16, 16' ein Elektronenaustausch derart stattfindet, daß das jeweils eine Elektrodenende Elektronen emitiert und das jeweils andere Elektrodenende einen Eingang für Elektronen bildet. Die Elektroden 11, 11' sind jeweils im Bereich ihrer Enden 16, 16' von einem Elektrodenkörper bzw. Kühlkörper 17, 17' umschlossen.In the discharge lamp 10 shown in FIG. 1 two electrodes 11, 11 'within a quartz glass bulb 12 so arranged that one end each, also called Electrode pin 13, 13 'is referred to in the Glass bulb 12 is welded. The electrodes 11, 11 'are facing each other at opposite ends of the Piston 12 arranged. The electrode pins 13, 13 'are over molybdenum foils 14, 14 'with molybdenum pins 15, 15' connected, which are each provided for power connection. The molybdenum foils 14, 14 'act as Power supply elements within the glass bulb to the Electrode pins 13, 13 '. The electrodes 11, 11 'have each have a free electrode end 16, also called a “tip”, 16 ', with a between the electrode ends 16, 16' Electron exchange takes place in such a way that each one electrode end emits electrons and that each other end of the electrode forms an input for electrons. The electrodes 11, 11 'are each in the region of their ends 16, 16 'from an electrode body or heat sink 17, 17' enclosed.

In Fig. 2 ist eine herkömmliche Elektrode 11, wie sie in einem Entladungskolben 12 gemäß Fig. 1 Verwendung findet, in einer Seitenansicht dargestellt. Der Elektrodenkörper bzw. Kühlkörper 17 ist dabei aus einem um die Elektrode 11 gewickelten Draht gebildet, dessen Enden 17a und 17b freiliegen. Der Draht kann dabei, so wie in der Figur dargestellt, zweilagig in jeweils unterschiedlichen Richtungen gewickelt sein.In Fig. 2 is a conventional electrode 11, as in a discharge bulb 12 according to FIG. 1 is used, shown in a side view. The electrode body or heat sink 17 is made of a around the electrode 11 coiled wire formed, the ends 17a and 17b exposed. The wire can, as in the figure shown, two layers in different Directions.

Bei der in Fig. 3 dargestellten erfindungsgemäßen Elektrode 11 bezeichnen gleiche Bezugszahlen gleiche Bauteile wie bei der in Fig. 2 dargestellten Elektrode. Im Gegensatz zu der in Fig. 2 dargestellten Elektrode weist die in Fig. 3 dargestellte Elektrode vier Fixpunkte 19, 19', 19" und 19''' auf, 1 an denen der Drahtwickel 17 mit dem Elektrodenstift 18 punktuell verschweißt ist. Die Anzahl der Fixpunkte 19, 19', 19" und 19''' ist in der dargestellten Ausführungsform nur exemplarisch. So ist sowohl eine größere als auch eine kleinere Anzahl von Fixpunkten denkbar. Insbesondere wenn ein Fixpunkt großvolumig ausgeführt ist, ist es im Sinne der Lösung der der Erfindung zugrundeliegenden Aufgabe ausreichend, wenn nur ein einziger Fixpunkt 19 vorgesehen ist.In the electrode according to the invention shown in FIG. 3 11 designate the same reference numbers as the same components as in the electrode shown in Fig. 2. In contrast to the The electrode shown in FIG. 2 has the electrode shown in FIG. 3 electrode shown four fixed points 19, 19 ', 19 "and 19 '' ', 1 where the wire winding 17 with the Electrode pin 18 is spot welded. The number the fixed points 19, 19 ', 19 "and 19"' is in the illustrated embodiment only as an example. So is both a larger and a smaller number of Fixed points conceivable. Especially when a fixed point is large volume, it is in the sense of the solution of sufficient object of the invention, if only a single fixed point 19 is provided.

Bei der in Fig. 3 dargestellten erfindungsgemäßen Elektrode sind die Enden 17a und 17b des Drahtwickels 17 bei der Herstellung desselben mittels Laserstrahlen von dem Draht durchtrennt, der für die Wicklung des Wickels 17 herangezogen wurde. Die Enden 17a und 17b des Drahtwickels 17 sind dabei auf den jeweiligen Außendurchmesser des Drahtwickels 17 zurückgeschmolzen, so daß sie im Gegensatz zu den Drahtenden 17a und 17b der in Fig. 2 dargestellten Elektrode nicht über den Drahtwickel 17 hervortreten.In the electrode according to the invention shown in FIG. 3 are the ends 17a and 17b of the wire winding 17 at the Production of the same by means of laser beams from the wire severed for the winding of the winding 17th was used. The ends 17a and 17b of the wire winding 17 are on the respective outer diameter of the Wire coils 17 melted back so that they are in contrast to the wire ends 17a and 17b that shown in Fig. 2 Do not step the electrode over the wire winding 17.

Claims (4)

  1. Method for producing an electrode (11, 11') for discharge lamps (10), said electrode comprising a pin (13, 13) which is at least partially surrounded by an electrode body (17, 17'), wherein the electrode body (17, 17') is formed as a wire wrapping and is welded onto the pin (13, 13') at one or several fixing points (19, 19', 19", 19"'),
    characterised in that the electrode body (17, 17') is welded onto the pin (13, 13') by means of laser beams.
  2. Method for producing an electrode (11, 11') for discharge lamps (10), said electrode comprising a pin (13, 13') which is at least partially surrounded by an electrode body (17, 17'), wherein the electrode body (17, 17') is formed as a wire wrapping and is welded onto the pin (13, 13') at one or several fixing points (19, 19', 19", 19"'), characterised in that the electrode body (17, 17') is welded onto the pin (13, 13') by means of electron-beams.
  3. Method as claimed in Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that at least one end of the wire wrapping (17, 17') is cut through by means of laser beams.
  4. Method as claimed in Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that at least one end (17a, 17b) of the wire wrapping (17, 17') is fused back onto the outer diameter of the wire wrapping (17, 17').
EP98916837A 1997-12-20 1998-03-04 Method for producing an electrode for discharge lamps Expired - Lifetime EP1040504B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19757032 1997-12-20
DE19757032A DE19757032A1 (en) 1997-12-20 1997-12-20 Electrode for discharge lamps
PCT/DE1998/000623 WO1999033082A1 (en) 1997-12-20 1998-03-04 Electrode for discharge lamps

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1040504A1 EP1040504A1 (en) 2000-10-04
EP1040504B1 true EP1040504B1 (en) 2003-06-18

Family

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EP98916837A Expired - Lifetime EP1040504B1 (en) 1997-12-20 1998-03-04 Method for producing an electrode for discharge lamps

Country Status (5)

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EP (1) EP1040504B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2001527271A (en)
AT (1) ATE243361T1 (en)
DE (2) DE19757032A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1999033082A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4400095B2 (en) * 2003-06-03 2010-01-20 ウシオ電機株式会社 Short arc super high pressure mercury lamp
JP4748466B1 (en) 2010-04-02 2011-08-17 岩崎電気株式会社 Discharge lamp electrode and manufacturing method thereof

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1888272U (en) * 1964-02-27 Westmghouse Flectric Corporation Pittsburgh Pa (V St A) \ertr Dipl Ing J Dellian Pat Anw München Electrode for a discharge lamp
GB1049057A (en) * 1964-06-11 1966-11-23 Sciaky David Electron beam welding out of vacuum
FR2087545A5 (en) * 1970-05-22 1971-12-31 Lampes Sa
US4340836A (en) * 1978-09-11 1982-07-20 General Electric Company Electrode for miniature high pressure metal halide lamp
US4952841A (en) * 1985-07-17 1990-08-28 U.S. Philips Corporation High-pressure discharge lamp with improved electrodes
DE4035361A1 (en) * 1990-11-07 1992-05-14 Licentia Gmbh METHOD FOR PRODUCING A DIRECTLY HEATED CATHODE
US5451837A (en) * 1994-09-01 1995-09-19 Osram Sylvania Inc. Cathode for high intensity discharge lamp

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Publication number Publication date
DE19757032A1 (en) 1999-07-01
DE59808767D1 (en) 2003-07-24
JP2001527271A (en) 2001-12-25
WO1999033082A1 (en) 1999-07-01
EP1040504A1 (en) 2000-10-04
ATE243361T1 (en) 2003-07-15

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