EP1047796A1 - Abstichrinne für eine eisenschmelze - Google Patents
Abstichrinne für eine eisenschmelzeInfo
- Publication number
- EP1047796A1 EP1047796A1 EP99903612A EP99903612A EP1047796A1 EP 1047796 A1 EP1047796 A1 EP 1047796A1 EP 99903612 A EP99903612 A EP 99903612A EP 99903612 A EP99903612 A EP 99903612A EP 1047796 A1 EP1047796 A1 EP 1047796A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- copper
- lining
- tapping
- cooling
- ribs
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
- C21B7/14—Discharging devices, e.g. for slag
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
- F27D1/12—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs incorporating cooling arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
- F27D3/14—Charging or discharging liquid or molten material
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
- F27D2009/0002—Cooling of furnaces
- F27D2009/001—Cooling of furnaces the cooling medium being a fluid other than a gas
- F27D2009/0013—Cooling of furnaces the cooling medium being a fluid other than a gas the fluid being water
- F27D2009/0016—Water-spray
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
- F27D2009/0002—Cooling of furnaces
- F27D2009/0018—Cooling of furnaces the cooling medium passing through a pattern of tubes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
- F27D2009/0002—Cooling of furnaces
- F27D2009/004—Cooling of furnaces the cooling medium passing a waterbox
Definitions
- the invention relates to a tapping channel for an iron smelter, such as e.g. is used on the blast furnace for tapping the pig iron.
- Tapping channels for molten iron have been known for a long time. They essentially consist of an outer support structure (such as a metallic trough) with a refractory lining.
- the lining usually consists of a permanent lining, e.g. is formed from refractory stones, which are inserted directly into the metallic trough, and a wear lining made of a refractory casting compound, in which the receiving channel for the approximately 1500 ° C warm iron melt is formed.
- the tapping trough is exposed to heavy loads.
- the refractory lining often has to be repaired or replaced.
- EP-A-0060239 it was proposed in EP-A-0060239 to design the outer support structure as a double-walled metallic trough, through the interior of which compressed air is passed as a coolant. Compared to forced cooling with a liquid coolant, forced cooling with air is far less effective. In addition, such compressed air cooling is very energy-intensive. Another disadvantage is that the double-walled trough requires a relatively large amount of production.
- DE-A-0143971 it has been proposed to provide box-shaped cooling elements or cooling pipes which are connected to a cooling water circuit on the side of the pouring channel, inside the refractory lining. In order to reduce the risk of explosion, a complex security system has been provided. A copper plate with thermal elements is arranged in the wear lining in front of the cooling elements. The latter are connected to a control circuit which, when a predetermined maximum value of the temperature or the rate of temperature rise is exceeded, blocks the water supply and connects the cooling elements to a compressed air network for the purpose of emergency cooling.
- the present invention has for its object to provide a positively cooled tapping trough with a copper lining in which the risk of coolant escaping into the iron melt is greatly reduced.
- a tapping channel according to claim 1 is a possible solution to this problem.
- Such a tapping channel comprises an outer support structure with a refractory lining in which a channel for the iron melt is formed.
- a solid copper lining which is forced-cooled by a cooling device, surrounds the refractory lining in the support structure. Its function is to cool the inner refractory lining and thereby extend its service life. It also protects the outer support structure against overheating.
- this copper liner has solid ribs which protrude from the solid copper base body into the refractory lining. Of course, these ribs improve the cooling effect in the refractory lining and thus its service life.
- the main function of these ribs is to protect the solid copper base body from the penetration of molten iron into the refractory lining.
- This protective function is mainly fulfilled by the fact that the iron melt which has penetrated is strongly cooled by the ribs until it solidifies and is therefore stopped before it comes into contact with the solid base body made of copper. This avoids overheating cracks in the solid copper base body and thus reduces the risk of coolant escaping into the iron melt. It should be noted that contact between the molten iron and the rib can cause local overheating or partial melting of the rib, but this generally does not have any significant negative effects on the actual copper base body.
- the refractory lining is advantageously cast onto the copper lining, at least in the area of the ribs. As a result, the heat transfer between the refractory lining and the copper lining in the area of
- the copper lining is preferably formed by solid copper plates, which are advantageously continuously cast.
- a length section of the tapping channel can consist, for example, of a base plate and two side plates made of copper.
- the cooling device comprises cooling channels in the copper lining, each of the cooling channels being covered in each case by a rib. The location of the cooling channels under the massive fins further reduces the risk of coolant escaping into the molten iron.
- the fins and cooling channels preferably run parallel to the longitudinal direction of the tapping channel. This reduces the number and length of the external connections between the cooling channels. Furthermore, in the case of continuously cast copper plates, this arrangement allows the cooling channels to be formed as inserts in a continuous casting mold as through-channels in the casting direction and / or the ribs to be formed by battlements in the continuous casting mold.
- a further solution to the specified task can be that the cooling device, instead of cooling channels in the copper lining, has an external cooling circuit which externally, i.e. cools from the back facing the support structure.
- This solution also enables a reduction in the risk of coolant leakage into the molten iron.
- the massive copper liner made of copper does indeed form an extremely effective shield that effectively prevents the cooling liquid and molten iron from coming together. Small cracks in the solid copper lining are hardly a danger here.
- Such an external cooling circuit can, for example, a spray device for
- such an external cooling circuit can also comprise external cooling elements, through which a cooling liquid flows and which are thermally conductively connected to the back of the copper lining.
- these cooling elements are designed as solid copper beams with integrated cooling channels.
- these cooling elements are designed as swirl chambers, which are arranged perpendicular to the back of the copper lining. It should be noted that cooling circuits, which cover the copper lining from the outside, i.e. Cool from the back, can of course be used with or without ribs on the inside of the copper lining (i.e. towards the refractory lining).
- Figure 1 shows a cross section through a first embodiment of a tapping trough
- Figure 2 shows a cross section through a second embodiment of a tapping trough
- Figure 3 shows a cross section through a third embodiment of a tapping trough, which is partially drawn in perspective
- FIG. 4 a cross section through a fourth embodiment of a tapping groove, which is partly drawn in perspective, only the right half of the groove being shown;
- Figure 5 shows a cross section through a fifth embodiment of a tapping groove, which is partially drawn in perspective, only the right half of the groove being shown;
- Figure 6 a diagram showing the temperature profile in cross section of a tapping trough with ribs.
- tapping channels for an iron smelter are shown, as they are e.g. be used on the blast furnace for tapping the pig iron. They comprise a support trough 10, in which a channel 12 for the approximately 1500 ° C. warm iron melt 14 is formed in a refractory lining 16, 18.
- the latter usually consists of a wear lining 16, in which the channel 12 is formed, and a permanent lining 18, which surrounds the wear lining 16.
- a copper lining 20, 120, 320, 420 is arranged between the permanent feed 18 and the support trough 10 and is forced-cooled by means of a cooling device. This positively cooled copper lining 20, 120, 320, 420 protects the support trough 10 against overheating and thus against thermal deformation.
- the tapping channel is arranged in a concrete channel, it also protects the concrete and its fittings against thermal overload. It also cools the refractory lining 16, 18 and thereby increases its service life. This is particularly true for the refractory lining 18.
- this concrete channel can take over the supporting function of the support trough 10, so that the copper lining 20, 120, 320, 420 can be arranged directly between the concrete walls and the permanent lining 18.
- Thermal insulation may also be provided between the copper lining 20, 120 and the support structure 10 (see, for example, the insulating plates provided with the reference number 21 in FIG. 3).
- cross section of the channel formed by the support trough 10 determines the shape of the copper lining 20, 120, 220, 320, 420.
- a preferred form of this cross section is shown in the figures.
- the embodiment of the invention is not limited to the cross-sectional shape shown.
- the copper lining 20 consists of, essentially vertical, side plates 22 and 24, and essentially horizontal, bottom plates 26. These elongated plates 22, 24, 26 are assembled in such a way that they form a kind of copper trough 20 for the Form refractory lining 16, 18.
- the reference numbers 28 and 30 in FIG. 1 denote the seams between the side plates 22, 24 and the base plate 26. Since the length of the individual copper plates 22, 24, 26 is usually much shorter than the length of the tapping channel, a plurality of side plates 22, 24 or bottom plates 26 must of course be lined up in order to line the support trough 10 over its entire length.
- the copper plates 22, 24, 26 have on their inner surface, i.e. the surface facing the refractory lining has massive ribs 32 which project substantially into the inner refractory lining 18.
- the ratio of the height "H" of the ribs 32 to the thickness "D" of the permanent feed 18 should preferably be between 1: 4 and 3: 4.
- the ribs 32 preferably extend over the entire length of the copper plates 22, 24, 26 and are separated by grooves 34. They contribute to a significant improvement in the cooling of the refractory lining. In particular, the temperatures in the permanent feed 18 are significantly reduced.
- a no less important function of the ribs 32 is to cool the iron melt until it solidifies in the event of a local breakthrough of the iron melt 14 into the permanent feed 18, before it comes into contact with the actual base body made of copper and causes deep overheating cracks therein. It should be noted that contact between a fin 32 and the molten iron, local overheating or even partial melting, can cause the fin 32, but this generally does not have any major negative effects on the actual copper base body.
- the ratio of the height "H" of the ribs 32 to the thickness "S" of the copper lining between the ribs 32 is, for example, approximately 2: 3. This ratio should normally be between 1: 2 and 1: 1.
- the ratio of the width "B" of the ribs to the width "N" of the grooves 34 and the ratio of the height "H” of the ribs to the width "B” of the ribs should both be between 1: 3 and 3: 1 (in In the embodiment shown, this ratio is approximately 5: 6).
- the ratio of thickness "S" of the copper lining between the ribs 32 to the average total thickness "F" of the refractory lining 16 + 18 should be between 1:10 and 2: 5 when the tapping channel is new. In FIG. 1, this ratio is 1: 3 in the region of the side plates and approximately 3:10 in the region of the base plates.
- the cooling device of the lining 20 comprises cooling channels 36, which are arranged both in the side plates 22, 24 and in the base plate 26. These cooling channels 36 advantageously extend under the ribs 32 through the solid body of the plates 22, 24, 26. In other words, the solid ribs 32 cover and protect the cooling channels 36.
- a coolant supply (not shown) supplies the cooling channels 36 with a liquid coolant.
- This coolant supply is advantageously a low pressure cooling water supply, i.e. the feed pressure of the cooling water should preferably be less than 1 bar. If cracks form in the copper plates, the low feed pressure of the cooling water does not cause any major leaks, which reduces the risk of explosion. Coolant supply and cooling channels 36 are preferably designed such that the temperature of the copper lining does not exceed 100 ° C. at any point.
- the tapping channel of Figure 1 is made as follows. First, the copper plates 22, 24, 26 are arranged in the support trough 10 and, if necessary, fastened. A first refractory mass is then poured into the copper trough 20, which forms the permanent lining 18. This first refractory mass penetrates into the grooves 34 and completely fills the latter. A box-shaped first casing forms the later boundary layer 38 to the wear lining 16 above the ribs 32. After the first refractory mass has hardened and after the first casing has been removed, the wear lining 16 is produced. For this purpose, a second refractory mass is poured onto the finished permanent lining 18, a second casing forming the channel 12.
- All copper plates for the tapping troughs of Figures 1 to 5 are advantageously continuously cast.
- inserts in the continuous casting channel can produce through-channels in the casting direction which form the cooling channels 36 in the finished copper plate 22, 24, 26.
- These through-channels can advantageously have an elongated, for example oval, cross-section, as indicated, for example, in FIG. 2, in the copper plate 124.
- the free cross section of the cooling channels 36 ' is increased without the material thickness of the copper plate decreasing in the region of the cooling channels 36'.
- the ribs 32 can also be produced during continuous casting.
- the continuous casting mold in the continuous casting channel then has corresponding crenellations, which form the grooves 34.
- the cooling channels 36 can also be drilled, and / or the grooves 34 can be milled into a forged or rolled copper block.
- continuously cast copper plates 22, 24, 26 with cast-in cooling channels can be produced extremely inexpensively with relatively long lengths. It should be noted that copper plates of great length require fewer coolant connections, which are destroyed if the tapping overflow occurs and could therefore cause an explosion.
- the tapping gutter of Figure 2 differs from the tapping gutter of
- FIG. 1 essentially by the following features.
- the bottom plate 126 has no ribs. It is covered with graphite plates 128, which prevent the iron melt from breaking down.
- the copper lining 120 has no cooling channels in the corner region 121, 122 between the base plate 126 and the side plates 122, 124. These corner regions 121, 122 are therefore cooled exclusively by the base plate 126 and the side plates 122, 124.
- practice has shown that major breakthroughs of the molten iron always take place in these two corner areas 121, 122. Since larger breakthroughs cannot be made to solidify in the refractory lining, there is a risk of the cooling liquid coming into contact with the cooling channel in this area Iron smelt greatly reduced.
- Base plates 26, 126 can optionally also be designed without cooling channels. In this case, the bottom plates 26, 126 are cooled by heat conduction from the side plates 22, 24, 122, 124. If the iron melt breaks through in the bottom area, the risk of the cooling liquid coming into contact with the iron melt is greatly reduced.
- the tapping troughs of FIGS. 3 to 5 differ from the tapping trough of FIG. 1 mainly in that the cooling device of the copper lining 220, 320, 420 each has an external cooling circuit with a liquid coolant, which is located behind the back of the copper lining 220, 320, 420 (that is, the surface facing the support trough 10) is arranged.
- the cooling device of the copper lining 220, 320, 420 each has an external cooling circuit with a liquid coolant, which is located behind the back of the copper lining 220, 320, 420 (that is, the surface facing the support trough 10) is arranged.
- the copper lining forms a solid protective shield in front of the outer cooling circuit.
- the outer cooling circuit comprises a spray device 240, which sprays a cooling liquid from pipes 242 by means of spray nozzles 244 onto the rear side of the copper side plates 222 and 224.
- the cooling liquid running off the surface of the copper side plates 222 and 224 is collected in collecting channels 246.
- Furrows 248 in the back of the copper side plates 222 and 224 increase the cooled surface and thus the effect of the cooling. It should be noted that it is advantageous to spray an air / water mixture in such a way that most of the water evaporates on the surface.
- the outer cooling circuit comprises outer cooling elements through which a cooling liquid flows and which are attached to the back of the copper lining in a thermally conductive manner.
- these cooling elements are designed as solid bars 340, which are cast, for example, on the copper lining 320, or are welded or soldered to it.
- Each of these outer cooling beams 340 has at least one internal cooling channel 342. If the cooling beams 340 are only welded or soldered to the back of the copper lining 320, it can be expected that they will detach from the copper lining 320 if the molten iron breaks into the permanent lining 18. This may save them from being destroyed.
- the cooling elements mentioned are designed as swirl chambers 440 which are arranged vertically on the back of the copper lining 420.
- Each of these swirl chambers 440 comprises an outer pipe socket 442, an inner pipe socket 444, as well as an inlet line 446 and a return line 448 for a cooling liquid.
- the outer pipe socket 442 is attached with an open end to the back of the copper liner 420, e.g. welded on.
- a blind bore 441 can enlarge the chamber 443 formed in the outer pipe socket 442 into the copper plate.
- the inner pipe socket 444 is inserted into the chamber 443.
- it forms a central nozzle 450 in the immediate vicinity of the surface of the copper lining 420.
- the coolant flows through the inlet line 446 into the inner pipe socket 444 and is sprayed from the nozzle onto the surface of the copper lining 420. This creates strong swirls in the chamber 443, which intensify the heat exchange.
- the swirls in chamber 443 can of course be increased by inserts.
- the coolant leaves the chamber 443 via the return line 448.
- FIG. 6 shows the temperature profile in the cross section of a tapping gutter, which is shown under the abscissa axis X.
- the temperature curve 50 drawn with a solid line shows the Temperature profile for a copper lining with ribs 32.
- the temperature curve drawn with a dashed line 52 shows the temperature profile for a copper lining without ribs 32, at the same temperature (50 ° C.) and the same thickness of the base body of the copper lining 20 '.
- the 250 ° C line was drawn into the diagram with an axis line. Above this temperature of 250 ° C, it can be expected that the copper will lose a lot of mechanical strength. As can be seen from the diagram, the distance between the 250 ° C isotherm and the surface 54 of the solid base body made of copper is far greater with a copper lining with ribs 32 than with a copper lining without ribs 32 (compare the distances D1 and D2 in Diagram). In other words, the ribs 32 provide additional security against overheating of the solid base body made of copper, if the thickness of the wear layer 16 decreases over time, and thereby the 1500 ° C. isotherm comes closer to the copper lining.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
- Blast Furnaces (AREA)
- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
LU90195 | 1998-01-15 | ||
LU90195A LU90195B1 (de) | 1998-01-15 | 1998-01-15 | Abstichrinne fuer eine Eisenschmelze |
PCT/EP1999/000072 WO1999036580A1 (de) | 1998-01-15 | 1999-01-08 | Abstichrinne für eine eisenschmelze |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1047796A1 true EP1047796A1 (de) | 2000-11-02 |
EP1047796B1 EP1047796B1 (de) | 2003-03-05 |
Family
ID=19731731
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99903612A Expired - Lifetime EP1047796B1 (de) | 1998-01-15 | 1999-01-08 | Abstichrinne für eine eisenschmelze |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1047796B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4199419B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR20010034144A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE233827T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU738253B2 (de) |
BR (1) | BR9908364A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2318171A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE59904444D1 (de) |
LU (1) | LU90195B1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1999036580A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ATE287970T1 (de) * | 1999-03-16 | 2005-02-15 | Sms Demag Ag | Abstichrinne für einen schachtofen |
FI114568B (fi) | 2001-10-19 | 2004-11-15 | Outokumpu Oy | Sularänni |
MX345997B (es) | 2011-09-29 | 2017-02-28 | Hatch Ltd | Horno con ladrillos refractarios que definen canales de enfriamiento para medios gaseosos. |
DE102015100617B4 (de) | 2015-01-16 | 2021-03-04 | Alpha Deuren International Bv | Torblatt |
CN110396565B (zh) * | 2019-07-23 | 2024-09-20 | 长兴明天炉料有限公司 | 一种耐侵蚀的高炉出铁沟 |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SU851071A1 (ru) * | 1979-02-01 | 1981-07-30 | Научно-Исследовательский И Опытно- Конструкторский Институт Автоматизациичерной Металлургии | Шаблон |
LU84042A1 (fr) * | 1982-03-26 | 1983-11-17 | Arbed | Rigole de coulee pour metaux liquides |
DE19503912C2 (de) * | 1995-02-07 | 1997-02-06 | Gutehoffnungshuette Man | Kühlplatte für Schachtöfen, insbesondere Hochöfen |
-
1998
- 1998-01-15 LU LU90195A patent/LU90195B1/de active
-
1999
- 1999-01-08 BR BR9908364-7A patent/BR9908364A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-01-08 DE DE59904444T patent/DE59904444D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-01-08 EP EP99903612A patent/EP1047796B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-01-08 AT AT99903612T patent/ATE233827T1/de active
- 1999-01-08 CA CA002318171A patent/CA2318171A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-01-08 KR KR1020007007763A patent/KR20010034144A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-01-08 AU AU24204/99A patent/AU738253B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-01-08 WO PCT/EP1999/000072 patent/WO1999036580A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-01-08 JP JP2000540281A patent/JP4199419B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9936580A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU738253B2 (en) | 2001-09-13 |
WO1999036580A1 (de) | 1999-07-22 |
AU2420499A (en) | 1999-08-02 |
LU90195B1 (de) | 1999-07-16 |
CA2318171A1 (en) | 1999-07-22 |
BR9908364A (pt) | 2000-11-28 |
KR20010034144A (ko) | 2001-04-25 |
ATE233827T1 (de) | 2003-03-15 |
JP4199419B2 (ja) | 2008-12-17 |
JP2002509193A (ja) | 2002-03-26 |
EP1047796B1 (de) | 2003-03-05 |
DE59904444D1 (de) | 2003-04-10 |
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