EP1046724A2 - Metal matrix fiber reinforced composite material and its preparation - Google Patents
Metal matrix fiber reinforced composite material and its preparation Download PDFInfo
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- EP1046724A2 EP1046724A2 EP00890121A EP00890121A EP1046724A2 EP 1046724 A2 EP1046724 A2 EP 1046724A2 EP 00890121 A EP00890121 A EP 00890121A EP 00890121 A EP00890121 A EP 00890121A EP 1046724 A2 EP1046724 A2 EP 1046724A2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C47/14—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments by powder metallurgy, i.e. by processing mixtures of metal powder and fibres or filaments
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/06—Metallic powder characterised by the shape of the particles
- B22F1/062—Fibrous particles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
Definitions
- the invention relates to a metal-ceramic material with a matrix of one Heavy metal or a similar alloy, in particular from a Iron-nickel, molybdenum or cobalt-based alloy, and one in this evenly distributed ceramic phase, the particles of which may be a Wear surface layer.
- the invention relates to a method for producing a Material of the type mentioned above.
- Substantially homogeneous materials can by their composition and Treatment, especially thermal or thermomechanical treatment, the Requirements to be adapted to this.
- the metals used seem to be due to alloy and processing measures achievable property level and the same profile no longer a great opportunity for improvement include.
- achievable property level no longer a great opportunity for improvement include.
- stresses on parts Taking into account the use of heterogeneous or composite materials proposed and realized.
- Composite bodies generally consist of at least two parts have different properties and meet each other as required are preferably permanently connected.
- the respective parts take over those Strains for which they are particularly suitable.
- fiber-reinforced composite body is generally known technically and denotes an object consisting of a mostly tough matrix, in which are insoluble high-strength fibers embedded. This item owns consequently advantageous at the same time good toughness and high rigidity and Strength in the direction of the fibers.
- the Fiber material can consist of oxides, borides, nitrides, carbides and mixed forms the same exist.
- the ceramic fibers have consistently high temperature resistance as well as strength and rigidity, cause a so-called reinforcement of a less firm, but tough Matrix metal.
- a correspondingly large length and a similar proportion of Fibers appear to effectively incorporate them into the matrix and the advantageous formation of a property segment of the composite of to be essential.
- the task is in a generic subject solved according to the invention in that the ceramic phase of short fibers is formed, which has a fiber length of at least 5 times, but at most that 15 times the fiber diameter.
- the advantages achieved with the invention are essentially to be seen in an isotropy of the material with significantly improved mechanical properties such as high strength and toughness and resistance to temperature changes. It was completely surprising for the experts that short fibers in a heavy metal matrix can bring about a sudden and pronounced improvement in the mechanical properties and that this is present in all directions. If the fiber length reaches a value of less than 5 times the diameter, then essentially no solidification of the material can be achieved; a transition to a dispersion hardening of the material, which is significantly less with the same concentration of ceramic particles, only occurs with a particle size in the range of 1x 10 -1 ⁇ m. Longer lengths than 15 times the fiber diameter promote the anisotropy of the composite material by breaking the fibers in neighboring areas during high compaction.
- the fibers range in diameter from 0.5 to 14.5 ⁇ m, the reinforcing effect is particularly favorable and Composite material economically feasible. Fibers with a diameter of less than A high proportion of 0.5 ⁇ m can be highly efficient, a homogeneous one However, incorporation into the matrix requires considerable effort. In contrast, fibers with a thickness of greater than 14.5 ⁇ m are increased Risk of breakage during material production exposed.
- the highest material quality is achieved with a fiber diameter of 0.7 to 9.5 ⁇ m reached.
- the fiber material consistently has a high melting or Softening temperature and largely temperature-independent moduli as well Has strength values, are at higher concentrations of the same in the Matrix in particular the properties of the composite Hot conditions raised.
- the material according to the invention for use in undeformed Condition is provided and a fiber content of greater than 20 vol .-%, preferably of greater than 30% by volume, can be used in a favorable manner Parts for high abrasive loads are manufactured.
- the composite body having a fiber content of at most 30% by volume, preferably less than 20% by volume.
- the matrix material of the composite material from an iron-nickel-molybdenum or Cobalt-based alloy with high heat resistance, especially from an alloy with a drop in strength at a temperature above 600 ° C, in particular above 615 ° C.
- the matrix material consists of copper or a copper alloy, can still despite high fiber content and the like mechanical characteristics remarkable heat and electrical conductivity properties of the material can be achieved.
- HIP process hot isostatic pressing of a homogeneous mixture ceramic fibers made of matrix metal powder with a grain size of 15 to 200 ⁇ m, preferably less than 50 ⁇ m, and optionally carbides with one Grain size of less than 25 microns is created.
- the further object of the invention is a process for the production of To create metal-ceramic materials, according to the invention achieved that ceramic fibers as short fibers with a fiber length of at least 5 times, but at most 15 times the Fiber diameter created and with one or more ultimately the matrix forming metal powder with a grain size between 15 and 200 microns and if necessary, mixed homogeneously with a hard material powder and directed on all sides are distributed, whereupon the mixture thus created is sintered.
- the process advantages according to the invention can be seen in particular in that the miscibility of the components is improved so that a homogeneous Distribution of the short fibers can be achieved with less time. Furthermore, there is an all-round alignment of the short fibers and thus a creation good conditions for the production of isotropic material on simple Possible way, smaller grain sizes of the powder have an advantageous effect can. Due to the short fiber length, the mixture can also have a high density in the event of vibration, a so-called high tap density, in the capsule in front of the Sintering can be achieved. When sintering itself, however, they are slightly longer Sintering times apply because higher fiber shares the temperature conduction of the Mix lowered.
- a particularly high quality of the composite material can be achieved if short fibers with a diameter between 0.5 and 14.5 microns, preferably from 0.7 to 9.5 ⁇ m, and a fiber length of preferably at most 12 times the Diameter and with the metal powder that ultimately forms the matrix, which preferably has a grain size of less than 50 microns, mixed and be sintered.
- the metal-ceramic body as a metal powder those made of tool steel, preferably high-speed steel, are used from this high quality tools with compared to conventional products superior cutting and wear resistance properties can be produced. Such Quality increases can also be achieved with non-cutting tools become.
- the mixing of the short fibers with the Metal powder (s) and / or filling a container or a capsule for a subsequent sintering is (are) carried out under a nitrogen atmosphere a largely pore-free sintering favors.
- the one between the fibers and the Metal powder grains of nitrogen trapped in the blank stand, as found was in interaction with the non-metallic and metallic elements and is ultimately used in the metallic Matrix solved, which on the one hand promotes the sintered density and on the other hand benefits fiber embedding.
- the time required can be further reduced, when the mixture is sintered under pressure.
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- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen metall-keramischen Werkstoff mit einer Matrix aus einem Schwermetall oder einer dergleichen Legierung, insbesondere aus einer Eisen-Nickel- Molybdän- oder Kobaltbasislegierung, und einer in dieser gleichmäßig verteilten keramischen Phase, deren Teilchen gegebenenfalls eine Oberflächenschicht tragen.The invention relates to a metal-ceramic material with a matrix of one Heavy metal or a similar alloy, in particular from a Iron-nickel, molybdenum or cobalt-based alloy, and one in this evenly distributed ceramic phase, the particles of which may be a Wear surface layer.
Weiters bezieht sich die Erfindung auf ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Werkstoffes der oben genannten Art.Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing a Material of the type mentioned above.
Die stetigen Weiterentwicklungen im Maschinen- und Anlagenbau sowie insbesondere der Wunsch nach Werkzeugen mit verbesserten Gebrauchseigenschaften für eine spanende oder spanlose Formgebung von Materialien, auch bei erhöhten Temperaturen, begründen den Bedarf an Werkstoffen mit wesentlich verbesserten Eigenschaften bei Raumtemperatur und bei Temperaturen über 500°C sowie hoher Isotropie.The constant further developments in mechanical and plant engineering as well especially the desire for tools with improved Features for a cutting or non-cutting shaping of Materials, even at elevated temperatures, justify the need Materials with significantly improved properties at room temperature and at temperatures above 500 ° C and high isotropy.
Im wesentlichen homogene Materialien können durch deren Zusammensetzung und Behandlung, insbesondere thermische oder thermomechanische Behandlung, den Anforderungen an diese angepaßt werden. Bei den üblichen derzeit in der Technik eingesetzten Metallen scheint jedoch das durch legierungs- und verarbeitungstechnische Maßnahmen erreichbare Eigenschaftsniveau und dergleichen Profil nicht mehr im hohen Maße eine Verbesserungsmöglichkeit zu beinhalten. Um dennoch besonders ausgeprägten Beanspruchungen an Teile Rechnung zu tragen, wurde eine Verwendung von heterogenen oder Verbund-Werkstoffen vorgeschlagen und verwirklicht.Substantially homogeneous materials can by their composition and Treatment, especially thermal or thermomechanical treatment, the Requirements to be adapted to this. With the usual currently in technology However, the metals used seem to be due to alloy and processing measures achievable property level and the same profile no longer a great opportunity for improvement include. For particularly pronounced stresses on parts Taking into account the use of heterogeneous or composite materials proposed and realized.
Verbundkörper bestehen im allgemeinen aus mindestens zwei Teilen, die unterschiedliche Eigenschaften besitzen und anforderungsgemäß miteinander vorzugsweise unlösbar verbunden sind. Die jeweiligen Teile übernehmen dabei jene Beanspruchungen, für welche diese besondere Eignung aufweisen. Composite bodies generally consist of at least two parts have different properties and meet each other as required are preferably permanently connected. The respective parts take over those Strains for which they are particularly suitable.
Bauteile oder Werkzeuge weisen vielfach unter anderem eine besonders ausgeprägte Beanspruchungsart auf, wobei die mechanischen Beanspruchungen in den meisten Fällen richtungsabhängig bzw. gerichtet sind. Dies führt zumeist zu einer vorteilhaft gerichteten Ausführungsform von Verbundkörpern.Components or tools often have a special feature pronounced type of stress, the mechanical stresses in most cases are directional or directional. This usually leads to an advantageously directed embodiment of composite bodies.
Der Begriff "faserverstärkter Verbundkörper" ist technisch allgemein bekannt und bezeichnet einen Gegenstand bestehend aus einer zumeist zähen Matrix, in welcher unlösbar hochfeste Fasern eingelagert sind.. Dieser Gegenstand besitzt konsequenterweise vorteilhaft gleichzeitig gute Zähigkeit sowie hohe Steifigkeit und Festigkeit in Faserrichtung.The term "fiber-reinforced composite body" is generally known technically and denotes an object consisting of a mostly tough matrix, in which are insoluble high-strength fibers embedded. This item owns consequently advantageous at the same time good toughness and high rigidity and Strength in the direction of the fibers.
Es ist bekannt, in metallischen Werkstoffen keramische Fasern einzulagern und damit Verbundwerkstoffe mit besonderem Eigenschaftsprofil zu erstellen. Das Fasermaterial kann aus Oxiden, Boriden, Nitriden, Karbiden und Mischformen derselben bestehen. Die keramischen Fasern besitzen, wie oben festgehalten, durchwegs eine hohe Temperaturbeständigkeit sowie Festigkeit und Steifigkeit, bewirken also eine sogenannte Armierung eines weniger festen, jedoch zähen Matrixmetalles. Eine entsprechend große Länge und ein dergleichen Anteil von Fasern scheinen für einen wirkungsvollen Einbau derselben in die Matrix und die vorteilhafte Ausbildung eines Eigenschaftssegmentes des Verbundwerkstoffes von wesentlicher Bedeutung zu sein.It is known to store ceramic fibers in metallic materials to create composite materials with a special property profile. The Fiber material can consist of oxides, borides, nitrides, carbides and mixed forms the same exist. As stated above, the ceramic fibers have consistently high temperature resistance as well as strength and rigidity, cause a so-called reinforcement of a less firm, but tough Matrix metal. A correspondingly large length and a similar proportion of Fibers appear to effectively incorporate them into the matrix and the advantageous formation of a property segment of the composite of to be essential.
Eine derartige Verstärkung des metallischen Werkstoffes durch hochfeste Fasern ist ausgeprägt meist nur in eine Richtung, nämlich der Faserrichtung, gegeben, was in nachteiliger Weise dessen allgemeine Verwendungsmöglichkeit einschränkt. Auch herstellungstechnisch können Schwierigkeiten bei einem Einbau von entsprechend langen Fasern gegeben sein.Such reinforcement of the metallic material by high-strength fibers is pronounced mostly only in one direction, namely the direction of the fibers, which is given in disadvantageously limits its general use. Also Manufacturing difficulties can be associated with installation accordingly long fibers.
Es ist nun Aufgabe der Erfindung, den Mangel einer Richtungsabhängigkeit der mechanischen Eigenschaften von mit keramischen Fasern bewehrten Werkstoffen zu beseitigen und dessen weitgehende Isotropie zu erreichen. Weiters setzt sich die Erfindung zum Ziel, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von metall-keramischen Werkstoffen zu schaffen, mit welchen besonders vorteilhafte Gebrauchseigenschaften von Formen und von auf Verschleiß beanspruchten Werkzeugen erreicht werden.It is an object of the invention to address the lack of directional dependence mechanical properties of materials reinforced with ceramic fibers to eliminate and achieve its extensive isotropy. Furthermore, the Invention aimed at a process for the production of metal-ceramic To create materials with which particularly advantageous Usage properties of molds and those subject to wear Tools can be achieved.
Die gestellte Aufgabe wird bei einem gattungsgemäßen Gegenstand erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die keramische Phase aus Kurzfasern gebildet ist, die eine Faserlänge von mindestens das 5-fache, höchstens jedoch das 15-fache, des Faserdurchmessers aufweisen.The task is in a generic subject solved according to the invention in that the ceramic phase of short fibers is formed, which has a fiber length of at least 5 times, but at most that 15 times the fiber diameter.
Die mit der Erfindung erreichten Vorteile sind im wesentlichen in einer Isotropie des Werkstoffes bei wesentlich verbesserten mechanischen Eigenschaften wie hohe Festigkeit und Zähigkeit sowie Temperaturwechselbeständigkeit zu sehen. Für die Fachwelt vollkommen überraschend war, daß Kurzfasern in einer Schwermetallmatrix eine sprunghafte und ausgeprägte Verbesserung der mechanischen Eigenschaften bewirken können und daß diese in alle Richtungen gegeben ist. Erreicht die Faserlänge einen Wert von geringer als das 5-fache des Durchmessers, so ist im wesentlichen keine Verfestigung des Werkstoffes erzielbar, ein Übergang zu einer Dispersionsverfestigung des Materiales, welche bei gleicher Konzentration der Keramikteilchen deutlich geringer ist, erfolgt erst bei einer Teilchengröße im Bereich von 1x 10-1 µm. Größere Längen als das 15-fache des Faserdurchmessers fördern die Anisotropie des Verbundwerkstoffes mit einem Brechen der Fasern in benachbarten Bereichen bei einer Hochkompaktierung.The advantages achieved with the invention are essentially to be seen in an isotropy of the material with significantly improved mechanical properties such as high strength and toughness and resistance to temperature changes. It was completely surprising for the experts that short fibers in a heavy metal matrix can bring about a sudden and pronounced improvement in the mechanical properties and that this is present in all directions. If the fiber length reaches a value of less than 5 times the diameter, then essentially no solidification of the material can be achieved; a transition to a dispersion hardening of the material, which is significantly less with the same concentration of ceramic particles, only occurs with a particle size in the range of 1x 10 -1 µm. Longer lengths than 15 times the fiber diameter promote the anisotropy of the composite material by breaking the fibers in neighboring areas during high compaction.
Von besonderem Vorteil im Hinblick auf eine im wesentlichen umfassende Isotropie ist, wenn die Faserlänge im Matrixmaterial höchstens das 12-fache des Faserdurchmessers beträgt. Dies gründet sich nach Fachmeinung darauf, daß der Mischvorgang auch bei jeweils hohen Anteilen der Komponenten leicht ausführbar ist und daß bei einer Fasereinbringung in die Matrix eine Ausrichtung derselben nicht erfolgt.Of particular advantage with regard to an essentially comprehensive isotropy is when the fiber length in the matrix material is at most 12 times the Fiber diameter is. According to specialist opinion, this is based on the fact that the Mixing process can be carried out easily even with high proportions of the components and that when the fibers are introduced into the matrix, they are aligned not happened.
Wenn, wie gefunden wurde, die Fasern einen Durchmesser im Bereich von 0,5 bis 14,5 µm besitzen, ist deren Verstärkungswirkung besonders günstig und der Verbundwerkstoff wirtschaftlich erstellbar. Fasern mit einem Durchmesser von unter 0,5 µm können in hohen Anteilen zwar hoch effizient sein, eine homogene Einbringung in die Matrix erfordert jedoch einen erheblichen Aufwand. Demgegenüber sind Fasern mit einer Stärke von größer als 14,5 µm einer erhöhten Bruchgefahr bei einer Werkstoffherstellung ausgesetzt.If, as was found, the fibers range in diameter from 0.5 to 14.5 µm, the reinforcing effect is particularly favorable and Composite material economically feasible. Fibers with a diameter of less than A high proportion of 0.5 µm can be highly efficient, a homogeneous one However, incorporation into the matrix requires considerable effort. In contrast, fibers with a thickness of greater than 14.5 μm are increased Risk of breakage during material production exposed.
Höchste Werkstoffqualität wird bei einem Faserdurchmesser von 0,7 bis 9,5 µm erreicht.The highest material quality is achieved with a fiber diameter of 0.7 to 9.5 µm reached.
Erfindungsgemäß ist es wichtig, daß der Faseranteil des Werkstoffes 5 bis 69 Vol. -% beträgt. Mit Konzentrationen unter 5 Vol.-% ist keine deutliche und günstige Beeinflussung der Materialeigenschaften erreichbar. Über 5 Vol.-% ist mit steigendem Kurzfaseranteil eine Erhöhung der Festigkeit, insbesondere Warmfestigkeit, und des Verschleißwiderstandes des Verbundwerkstoffes gegeben. Von besonderer Bedeutung sind die dabei gleichzeitig erreichte verbesserte thermische Stabilität bzw.verringerte Kriecherscheinungen bei Heißbedingungen sowie eine hohe thermomechanische Ermüdungsbeständigkeit des Werkstoffes. Durch größeren Kurzfaseranteile werden weiters ein steigender Elastizitätsmodul des Materials und eine Verringerung der Temperaturleitfähigkeit bewirkt, wobei letzteres bei der thermischen Vergütung des Matrixmetalles zu berücksichtigen ist.According to the invention it is important that the fiber content of the material 5 to 69 Vol.% Is. With concentrations below 5 vol .-% is not a clear and cheap Influencing the material properties achievable. Over 5 vol .-% is with increasing short fiber content an increase in strength, in particular Heat resistance, and the wear resistance of the composite material. The improvements achieved at the same time are of particular importance thermal stability or reduced creep phenomena in hot conditions as well as a high thermomechanical fatigue resistance of the material. Larger short fiber components also increase the elastic modulus of the material and a reduction in thermal conductivity, whereby the latter must be taken into account in the thermal treatment of the matrix metal.
Umfangreiche Versuche haben gezeigt, daß die Kurzfasern, welche einen im Vergleich mit der Matrix unterschiedlichen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten aufweisen, eine allseitige Verspannung im Gefüge verursachen und insbesondere bei erhöhten Temperaturen eine Stützwirkung besitzen, was zu höheren Festigkeitswerten des Materiales führt. Weil nun die Fasern weiters eine hohe Härte haben, werden auch mit steigendem Anteil die Verschleißfestigkeitswerte angehoben.Extensive tests have shown that the short fibers, which one in Have different coefficients of expansion compared to the matrix, cause all-round tension in the structure and especially with increased Temperatures have a supporting effect, which leads to higher strength values of the Leads. Because the fibers now have a high hardness, too the wear resistance values increased with increasing proportion.
Besonders ausgeprägt ist diese Verbesserung der Verschleißfestigkeit bei Vermeidungvon Materialriefen, wie gefunden wurde, durch die allseitige Ausrichtung der Kurzfasern in der Matrix und die Isotropie des Werkstoffes.This improvement in wear resistance is particularly pronounced Avoidance of material scoring, as was found, by the all-round alignment the short fibers in the matrix and the isotropy of the material.
Weil nun das Fasermaterial durchwegs eine hohe Schmelz- oder Erweichungstemperatur und weitgehend temperaturunabhängige E-Moduli sowie Festigkeitswerte besitzt, werden bei höheren Konzentrationen desselben in der Matrix die Eigenschaften des Verbundwerkstoffes insbesondere bei Heißbedingungen angehoben. Because now the fiber material consistently has a high melting or Softening temperature and largely temperature-independent moduli as well Has strength values, are at higher concentrations of the same in the Matrix in particular the properties of the composite Hot conditions raised.
Für Wechselbelastungen, zum Beispiel bei Preßformen im Langzeitbetrieb, ist es erheblich, daß die Kurzfasern in homogener allseits gerichteter Verteilung in der Legierungsmatrix die Ermüdungsbeständigkeit des Materiales wesentlich anheben und die Rißinitiation sowie den dergleichen Fortschritt im Hinblick auf Dauerbrüche entscheidend mindern.For alternating loads, for example in the case of press molds in long-term operation, it is Significantly that the short fibers in a homogeneous, all-round distribution in the Alloy matrix significantly increase the fatigue resistance of the material and crack initiation and the like progress in terms of fatigue rupture reduce significantly.
Dem Fachmann ist geläufig, daß Maßnahmen zur Beeinflussung von Werkstoffeigenschaften nicht für alle Eigenschaftsmerkmale in gleicher Weise vorteilhaft sein können, sondern daß für gegebene Beanspruchungsbedingungen das Eigenschaftsprofil des Teiles oder Werkzeuges Bedeutung besitzt.The skilled worker is familiar with measures to influence Material properties are not the same for all property characteristics can be advantageous, but that for given stress conditions the property profile of the part or tool has meaning.
Wenn der Werkstoff erfindungsgemäß für eine Vewendung in unverformtem Zustand vorgesehen ist und einen Faseranteil von größer als 20 Vol.-%, vorzugsweise von größer als 30 Vol.-% aufweist, können daraus in günstiger Weise Teile für hohe abrasive Belastungen gefertigt werden. Demgegenüber kann für zumindest teilweise spanlos verformte bzw. geformte Komponenten eine Warmverformung gegebenenfalls durch Preßschmieden, vorzugsweise mit einer Verkleinerung der Querschnittsfläche um mindestens 20%, vorgesehen sein, wobei der Verbundkörper einen Faseranteil von höchstens 30 Vol.-%, vorzugsweise von geringer als 20 Vol.-%, besitzt.If the material according to the invention for use in undeformed Condition is provided and a fiber content of greater than 20 vol .-%, preferably of greater than 30% by volume, can be used in a favorable manner Parts for high abrasive loads are manufactured. In contrast, for components at least partially deformed or shaped without cutting Hot forming, if necessary by press forging, preferably with a Reduction of the cross-sectional area by at least 20%, the composite body having a fiber content of at most 30% by volume, preferably less than 20% by volume.
Bei höheren Verformungsgraden wird zwar ein Auftreten von Anisotropie beobachtet, es war jedoch überraschend, daß diese, wahrscheinlich der geringen Faserlänge im Werkstoff wegen, vergleichsweise gering ist. Höhere Fasergehalte als 20 Vol.-% bewirken eine Verschlechterung der Warmverformbarkeit des Materiales.With higher degrees of deformation there is an anisotropy observed, but it was surprising that these, probably the minor Fiber length in the material is comparatively short. Higher fiber content than 20 vol .-% cause a deterioration of the hot formability of the Material.
Für hohe Temperaturen und oder oftmaligen Temperaturwechsel bei bedeutenden mechanischen Belastungen des Teiles ist es vorteilhaft, wenn der Matrixwerkstoff des Verbundwerkstoffes aus einer Eisen-Nickel- Molybdän- oder Kobaltbasislegierung mit hoher Warmfestigkeit, insbesondere aus einer Legierung mit einem Festigkeitsabfall bei einer Temperatur von über 600 °C, insbesondere über 615°C, gebildet ist. For high temperatures and or frequent temperature changes with significant mechanical stress on the part, it is advantageous if the matrix material of the composite material from an iron-nickel-molybdenum or Cobalt-based alloy with high heat resistance, especially from an alloy with a drop in strength at a temperature above 600 ° C, in particular above 615 ° C.
Wenn weiters der Matrixwerkstoff aus Kupfer oder einer Kupferlegierung besteht, können trotz hoher Faseranteile und dergleichen mechanischer Kennwerte noch beachtliche Wärme- und elektrische Leitfähigkeitseigenschaften des Materiales erreicht werden.If the matrix material consists of copper or a copper alloy, can still despite high fiber content and the like mechanical characteristics remarkable heat and electrical conductivity properties of the material can be achieved.
Insbesondere im Hinblick auf eine Isotropie ist es günstig, wenn der Werkstoff durch heißisostatisches Pressen ( HIP-Verfahren) einer homogenen Mischung aus keramischen Fasern aus Matrix-Metallpulver mit einer Korngröße von 15 bis 200 µm, vorzugsweise von kleiner als 50 µm, und gegebenenfalls von Karbiden mit einer Korngröße von kleiner als 25 µm erstellt ist.With regard to isotropy in particular, it is expedient if the material passes through hot isostatic pressing (HIP process) of a homogeneous mixture ceramic fibers made of matrix metal powder with a grain size of 15 to 200 µm, preferably less than 50 µm, and optionally carbides with one Grain size of less than 25 microns is created.
Das weitere Ziel der Erfindung, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von metall-keramischen Werkstoffen zu schaffen, wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch erreicht, daß keramische Fasern als Kurzfasern mit einer Faserlänge von mindestens dem 5-fachen, höchstens jedoch dem 15-fachen des Faserdurchmessers erstellt und mit einem oder mehreren letztlich die Matrix bildenden Metallpulver mit einer Korngröße zwischen 15 und 200 µm und gegebenenfalls mit einem Hartstoffpulver homogen gemischt und allseits gerichtet verteilt werden, worauf die derart erstellte Mischung gesintert wird.The further object of the invention is a process for the production of To create metal-ceramic materials, according to the invention achieved that ceramic fibers as short fibers with a fiber length of at least 5 times, but at most 15 times the Fiber diameter created and with one or more ultimately the matrix forming metal powder with a grain size between 15 and 200 microns and if necessary, mixed homogeneously with a hard material powder and directed on all sides are distributed, whereupon the mixture thus created is sintered.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrensvorteile sind insbesondere darin zu sehen, daß die Mischbarkeit der Bestandteile derart verbessert ist, daß eine homogene Verteilung der Kurzfasern mit geringerem Zeitaufwand erreicht werden kann. Weiters ist eine allseitige Ausrichtung der Kurzfasern und somit eine Schaffung guter Voraussetzungen für eine Herstellung von isotropem Material auf einfache Weise möglich, wobei geringere Korngrößen der Pulver sich vorteilhaft auswirken können. Durch die geringe Faserlänge kann auch eine hohe Dichte der Mischung bei Vibrationseinwirkung, eine sogenannte hohe Klopfdichte, in der Kapsel vor dem Sintern erreicht werden. Beim Sintern selbst sind jedoch geringfügig verlängerte Sinterzeiten anzuwenden, weil höhere Faseranteile die Temperaturleitung der Mischung erniedrigt.The process advantages according to the invention can be seen in particular in that the miscibility of the components is improved so that a homogeneous Distribution of the short fibers can be achieved with less time. Furthermore, there is an all-round alignment of the short fibers and thus a creation good conditions for the production of isotropic material on simple Possible way, smaller grain sizes of the powder have an advantageous effect can. Due to the short fiber length, the mixture can also have a high density in the event of vibration, a so-called high tap density, in the capsule in front of the Sintering can be achieved. When sintering itself, however, they are slightly longer Sintering times apply because higher fiber shares the temperature conduction of the Mix lowered.
Eine besonders hohe Güte des Verbundwerkstoffes ist erreichbar, wenn Kurzfasern mit einem Durchmesser zwischen 0,5 und 14,5 µm, vorzugsweise von 0,7 bis 9,5 µm, und einer Faserlänge von vorzugsweise höchstens dem 12-fachen des Durchmessers erstellt und mit dem letzlich die Matrix bildenden Metallpulver, welches vorzugsweise eine Korngröße von kleiner als 50 µm aufweist, gemischt und gesintert werden.A particularly high quality of the composite material can be achieved if short fibers with a diameter between 0.5 and 14.5 microns, preferably from 0.7 to 9.5 µm, and a fiber length of preferably at most 12 times the Diameter and with the metal powder that ultimately forms the matrix, which preferably has a grain size of less than 50 microns, mixed and be sintered.
Wenn bei der Herstellung der metall-keramischen Körper als Metallpulver ein solches aus Werkzeugstahl, vorzugsweise aus Schnellstahl, verwendet wird, sind aus diesem hochwertige Werkzeuge mit gegenüber herkömmlichen Erzeugnissen überragenden Schnitt- und Verschleißfestigkeitseigenschaften herstellbar. Derartige Gütesteigerungen können auch bei spanlos formenden Werkzeugen erreicht werden.If in the manufacture of the metal-ceramic body as a metal powder those made of tool steel, preferably high-speed steel, are used from this high quality tools with compared to conventional products superior cutting and wear resistance properties can be produced. Such Quality increases can also be achieved with non-cutting tools become.
Um eine Oberflächenbeeinflussung der Fasern weitgehend auszuschalten und eine hervorragende Einbindung der Kurzfasern zu erreichen, aber auch um die Festigkeit der Matrix zu erhöhen, kann es von Vorteil sein, wenn die Pulverkörner vor oder während des Sinterns oberflächlich mit Stickstoff legiert bzw. aufgestickt werden. Durch Beimischen von Titan oder dergleichen Metallpulver in geringen Mengen kann der Fasereinbau gefördert werden.In order to largely eliminate a surface influence on the fibers and a to achieve excellent integration of the short fibers, but also to achieve the To increase the strength of the matrix, it can be beneficial if the powder grains surface alloyed or embroidered with nitrogen before or during sintering become. By adding titanium or the like metal powder in small Quantities can be promoted for fiber incorporation.
Wenn weiters in günstiger Weise das Mischen der Kurzfasern mit dem(den) Metallpulver(n) und/oder ein Befüllen eines Behälters bzw. ein Kapseln für ein nachfolgendes Sintern unter Stickstoffatmosphäre durchgeführt wird(werden), so ist ein weitgehend porenfreies Sintern begünstigt. Der zwischen den Fasern und den Metallpulverkörnern im Rohling eingeschlossene Stickstoff steht, wie gefunden wurde, bei der Erwärmung auf Sintertemperatur in Wechselwirkung mit den nichtmetallischen und metallischen Elementen und wird letztlich in der metallischen Matrix gelöst, was einerseits die Sinterdichte fördert und andererseits Vorteile bei der Fasereinbettung erbringt. Dabei kann der Zeitaufwand weiter gesenkt werden, wenn das Sintern der Mischung unter Druckeinwirkung erfolgt.If, furthermore, the mixing of the short fibers with the Metal powder (s) and / or filling a container or a capsule for a subsequent sintering is (are) carried out under a nitrogen atmosphere a largely pore-free sintering favors. The one between the fibers and the Metal powder grains of nitrogen trapped in the blank stand, as found was in interaction with the non-metallic and metallic elements and is ultimately used in the metallic Matrix solved, which on the one hand promotes the sintered density and on the other hand benefits fiber embedding. The time required can be further reduced, when the mixture is sintered under pressure.
In Weiterbildung des Verfahrens zur Herstellung von Verbundkörpern wurde gefunden, daß sowohl die Produktgüte als auch die Wirtschaftlichkeit verbessert sind, wenn das Sintern der Mischung unter allseitiger Druckbeaufschlagung bzw. durch heißisostatisches Pressen erfolgt. In a further development of the process for the production of composite bodies found that both product quality and economy improved are when the mixture is sintered under all-round pressure or done by hot isostatic pressing.
Hochharte und- feste metall-keramische Werkstoffe mit wesentlich größerer Härte, insbesondere Warmhärte, als Schnellstahl, jedoch mit geringerer Härte als Hartmetall, die allerdings nicht warmverformbar sind, können beispielsweise als verschleißfeste Werkzeugteile vorteilhaft wirtschaftlich verwendet werden, wenn der Sinterkörper mit einem Kurzfaseranteil von größer als 20 Vol.-%, vorzugsweise von größer als 30 Vol.-% hergestellt und durch spanabhebende Bearbeitung, zum Beispiel Schleifen, endgeformt wird.Highly hard and strong metal-ceramic materials with much greater hardness, especially hot hardness, as high-speed steel, but with lower hardness than Tungsten carbide, which, however, are not hot-formable, can, for example, wear-resistant tool parts are advantageously used economically if the Sintered body with a short fiber content of greater than 20% by volume, preferably of manufactured greater than 30 vol .-% and by machining, to Example grinding, final shaping.
Sollte jedoch ein Werkzeug oder ein Teil, zum Beispiel Verschleißteil, zumindest teilweise durch plastische Formgebung hergestellt werden, so erscheint es vorteilhaft, wenn der Sinterkörper mit einem Kurzfaseranteil von höchstens 25 Vol.-%, vorzugsweise von höchstens 20 Vol.-%, hergestellt und einer Warmformgebung unterworfen wird.However, should a tool or a part, for example a wear part, at least partially produced by plastic shaping, so it appears advantageous if the sintered body with a short fiber content of at most 25 % By volume, preferably of at most 20% by volume, and one Is subjected to hot forming.
In eingehenden praktischen Untersuchungen unter härtesten Bedingungen und Beanspruchungen wurde gefunden, daß eine Verwendung eines metall-keramischen Werkstoffes zur Schaffung von Druckgußformen sowie für Hochleistungskunststofformen, Strangpreßwerkzeugen und dergleichen auch bei extremer Wärmeeinwirkung und bei Kaltarbeitswerkzeugen wie Fließstempel, Matrizen und dergleichen mit hoher Verschleiß- und Druckbeanspruchung und für spanabhebende Werkzeuge hervorragende Leistungssteigerungen mit hoher Wirtschaftlichkeit erbringt.In detailed practical examinations under the toughest conditions and Strains have been found to use a metal-ceramic material for creating die casting molds and for High-performance plastic molds, extrusion tools and the like also at extreme heat and with cold work tools such as flow stamps, Matrices and the like with high wear and pressure stress and for cutting tools excellent performance increases with high Economic efficiency.
Claims (20)
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AT00890121T ATE306570T1 (en) | 1999-04-19 | 2000-04-18 | METAL MATRIX FIBER COMPOSITE BODY AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
SI200030781T SI1046724T1 (en) | 1999-04-19 | 2000-04-18 | Metal matrix fiber reinforced composite material and its preparation |
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AT0069699A AT408527B (en) | 1999-04-19 | 1999-04-19 | METAL-CERAMIC MATERIAL AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
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EP (1) | EP1046724B1 (en) |
AT (1) | AT408527B (en) |
DE (1) | DE50011313D1 (en) |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10145179B2 (en) | 2013-12-13 | 2018-12-04 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Fiber-reinforced tools for downhole use |
US10156098B2 (en) | 2013-12-13 | 2018-12-18 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Fiber-reinforced tools for downhole use |
US10641045B2 (en) | 2015-04-24 | 2020-05-05 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Mesoscale reinforcement of metal matrix composites |
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GB1521599A (en) * | 1975-10-11 | 1978-08-16 | Sumitomo Aluminium Smelting Co | Process for producing alumina fibre reinforced aluminium composite material |
JPH03188244A (en) * | 1989-12-18 | 1991-08-16 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Sintered alloy steel |
US5400505A (en) * | 1993-07-23 | 1995-03-28 | Mtu Motoren- Und Turbinen-Union Munchen Gmbh | Method for manufacturing fiber-reinforced components for propulsion plants |
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JPS51141704A (en) * | 1975-05-31 | 1976-12-06 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | A process for production of short fibre reinforced composite material |
US4140170A (en) * | 1977-09-06 | 1979-02-20 | Baum Charles S | Method of forming composite material containing sintered particles |
JPS6247409A (en) * | 1985-08-26 | 1987-03-02 | Nitto Electric Ind Co Ltd | Autogenous alloy powder sheet and method for reforming surface of metallic base material using said sheet |
US5413851A (en) * | 1990-03-02 | 1995-05-09 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Coated fibers |
DE4241420C1 (en) * | 1992-12-09 | 1993-11-25 | Mtu Muenchen Gmbh | Process for the production of components or substrates with composite coatings and its application |
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1999
- 1999-04-19 AT AT0069699A patent/AT408527B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2000
- 2000-04-18 DK DK00890121T patent/DK1046724T3/en active
- 2000-04-18 DE DE50011313T patent/DE50011313D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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GB1521599A (en) * | 1975-10-11 | 1978-08-16 | Sumitomo Aluminium Smelting Co | Process for producing alumina fibre reinforced aluminium composite material |
JPH03188244A (en) * | 1989-12-18 | 1991-08-16 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Sintered alloy steel |
US5400505A (en) * | 1993-07-23 | 1995-03-28 | Mtu Motoren- Und Turbinen-Union Munchen Gmbh | Method for manufacturing fiber-reinforced components for propulsion plants |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 015, no. 445 (C-0884), 13. November 1991 (1991-11-13) & JP 03 188244 A (SUMITOMO ELECTRIC IND LTD), 16. August 1991 (1991-08-16) * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10145179B2 (en) | 2013-12-13 | 2018-12-04 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Fiber-reinforced tools for downhole use |
US10156098B2 (en) | 2013-12-13 | 2018-12-18 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Fiber-reinforced tools for downhole use |
US10641045B2 (en) | 2015-04-24 | 2020-05-05 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Mesoscale reinforcement of metal matrix composites |
Also Published As
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ATA69699A (en) | 2001-05-15 |
AT408527B (en) | 2001-12-27 |
DK1046724T3 (en) | 2006-02-06 |
EP1046724B1 (en) | 2005-10-12 |
EP1046724A3 (en) | 2004-01-07 |
ES2250095T3 (en) | 2006-04-16 |
DE50011313D1 (en) | 2006-02-23 |
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