EP1041584B1 - Foil conductor - Google Patents
Foil conductor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1041584B1 EP1041584B1 EP00105454A EP00105454A EP1041584B1 EP 1041584 B1 EP1041584 B1 EP 1041584B1 EP 00105454 A EP00105454 A EP 00105454A EP 00105454 A EP00105454 A EP 00105454A EP 1041584 B1 EP1041584 B1 EP 1041584B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- foil
- conductor
- shaping element
- carrier
- longitudinal direction
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Revoked
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/08—Flat or ribbon cables
- H01B7/0869—Flat or ribbon cables comprising one or more armouring, tensile- or compression-resistant elements
Definitions
- the invention relates to a conductor foil with the in the preamble of claim 1 specified features.
- Conductor foils made of an elastically deformable, non-conductive Carrier film tape with in the longitudinal direction of the carrier film tape running, externally insulated conductor tracks are, for example used in motor vehicles to various to connect electrical / electronic components.
- the conductor foils consist of a carrier foil, for example Polyimide, on the thin copper conductor tracks are applied, which are covered with an insulating material, for example another insulating film or an insulating varnish.
- Can at the ends of the ribbon-shaped conductor foil Contacting devices are arranged, which are often called Soldering pads are formed and with electrical pins or electronic assemblies are soldered.
- Such Conductor foils are, for example, from DE 197 19 238 C1 known.
- the conductor foils are elastically deformable and thus relatively insensitive to vibrations and shaking loads.
- the conductor foil advantageously has at least one a carrier foil tape of the conductor foil insulated from the conductor tracks applied and in the longitudinal direction of the carrier film tape extending, permanently deformable shaping element on.
- the shaping element can be simplified and can be arranged inexpensively on the carrier film and advantageously enables the conductor foil to be permanent to give two or three dimensional shape. Under “permanent” is to be understood here that the two or three-dimensional shape of the conductor foil during transport or the assembly not changed by itself, but by a new one manual or mechanical bending of the shaping element can still be changed again.
- the manual and mechanical processing of the conductor foils strongly is simplified.
- the well-known manufacturing process of the conductor foils advantageously only needs to be changed slightly. Since the shaping element in the longitudinal direction of the carrier film strip runs in the same direction as the conductor tracks, can advantageously be rolled up in the longitudinal direction become. Depending on requirements, pieces of different lengths can then be used cut from the roll and further processed. There is some resistance when rolling up or down overcome, which results from the shaping element is curved or stretched, but this is considered the advantages described above are perfectly acceptable.
- the at least one shaping element made of metal is particularly simple to use.
- Shaping element a single in the longitudinal direction of the carrier film strip running metal wire, which as an insert introduced into the conductor foil or onto the carrier foil tape is glued on, thereby producing the conductor foil just becomes a little more complex.
- the metal wire can be made of very inexpensive material and increases the Manufacturing costs of the conductor film only marginally.
- manual or mechanical bending of the in the conductor foil Arranged metal wire can make the conductor foil very simple Be brought into a permanent form and the Assembly of the conductor foil, for example, in the device housing electronic control unit can be greatly facilitated.
- Two can advantageously be parallel to one another in the longitudinal direction of the carrier foil tape running metal wires on the conductor foil be arranged. This makes it particularly easy to give the conductor foil a three-dimensional shape.
- the shaping element can, however, also be placed on the carrier tape applied metal foil, the thickness of which is sufficient is great for permanent deformability of the conductor foil to enable.
- the conductor foil 1 comprises a carrier tape 2 made of an electrically insulating and elastically deformable material, such as Polyimide.
- Conductor tracks 3 are produced on the carrier film strip 2, which are essentially parallel to each other in the longitudinal direction of the carrier film strip 2 run.
- the conductor tracks 3 are made of copper with a thickness of 40 microns, for example or less manufactured in a manner known per se. there copper is first structured in a photo process on the Carrier film tape deposited and then galvanically strengthened. The thinner the copper structures, the cheaper the conductor foil can be manufactured.
- Fig. 1 the carrier tape 2 made of an electrically insulating and elastically deformable material, such as Polyimide.
- Conductor tracks 3 are produced on the carrier film strip 2, which are essentially parallel to each other in the longitudinal direction of the carrier film strip 2 run.
- the conductor tracks 3 are made of copper with a thickness of 40 microns, for example or less manufactured in a manner known per se. there copper is first structured in a photo process on the
- the conductor tracks 3 by a applied to the carrier tape 2 protective coating or an insulation layer 5 insulated from the outside.
- This can for example another insulating film, a more suitable one Top coat or an insulating spray.
- 2 is one Top view of a section of the carrier tape 2 Fig. 1 shown.
- the conductor tracks 3 is a parallel to the conductor tracks in the longitudinal direction of the carrier film strip extending shaping element 4 on the carrier film strip 2 applied, which in this embodiment as an in metal wire running in the middle of the conductor foil with circular Cross-section is designed.
- the metal wire 4 is isolated from the conductor tracks 3 by the insulation layer 5 and can, for example, an inexpensive copper wire with a Diameter of one millimeter.
- the diameter of the Metal wire should be at least large enough to be permanent Deformation of the conductor foil 1 by bending the wire can be realized. But also other materials and Embodiments of the shaping element 4 are conceivable. There the at least one shaping element 4 differently than the conductor tracks 3 need not be designed as an electrical conductor, it is also possible, for example, for the shaping element 4 to manufacture from a plastically deformable plastic.
- FIG. 7 shows the conductor foil 1 from FIG. 1 after the conductor foil 1 has been bent into a desired two-dimensional shape. This shape can, for example, a certain housing contour be adapted to an electrical device.
- the conductor foil 1 retains this shape permanently at, whereby the assembly of the conductor foil 1 in the electrical Device is made easier in hard-to-reach places.
- the ends of the conductor foil 1 in Fig. 7 can be with pads or other contacting means, not shown his.
- the shaping element as shown in Fig. 1, either completely embedded in insulating material or as in Fig. 5 not covered on one side with insulating material is.
Landscapes
- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
- Multi-Conductor Connections (AREA)
- Non-Insulated Conductors (AREA)
- Structure Of Printed Boards (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Leiterfolie mit den im Oberbegriff
des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Merkmalen.The invention relates to a conductor foil with the in the preamble
of
Leiterfolien aus einem elastisch verformbaren, nichtleitenden Trägerfolienband mit in Längsrichtung des Trägerfolienbandes verlaufenden, nach außen isolierten Leiterbahnen werden beispielsweise in Kraftfahrzeugen eingesetzt, um verschiedene elektrische/elektronische Bauelemente miteinander zu verbinden. Die Leiterfolien bestehen aus einer Trägerfolie aus beispielsweise Polyimid, auf die dünne Leiterbahnen aus Kupfer aufgebracht sind, die mit einem Isolierstoff abgedeckt sind, beispielsweise einer weiteren Isolierfolie oder einem Isolierlack. An den Enden der bandförmigen Leiterfolie können Kontaktierungsvorrichtungen angeordnet werden, welche oft als Lötaugen ausgebildet sind und mit Steckerstiften von elektrischen oder elektronischen Baugruppen verlötet werden. Derartige Leiterfolien sind beispielsweise aus der DE 197 19 238 C1 bekannt. Die Leiterfolien sind elastisch verformbar und somit relativ unempfindlich gegenüber Vibrationen und Schüttelbelastungen. Conductor foils made of an elastically deformable, non-conductive Carrier film tape with in the longitudinal direction of the carrier film tape running, externally insulated conductor tracks are, for example used in motor vehicles to various to connect electrical / electronic components. The conductor foils consist of a carrier foil, for example Polyimide, on the thin copper conductor tracks are applied, which are covered with an insulating material, for example another insulating film or an insulating varnish. Can at the ends of the ribbon-shaped conductor foil Contacting devices are arranged, which are often called Soldering pads are formed and with electrical pins or electronic assemblies are soldered. such Conductor foils are, for example, from DE 197 19 238 C1 known. The conductor foils are elastically deformable and thus relatively insensitive to vibrations and shaking loads.
Nachteilig ist jedoch, daß die bekannten Leiterfolien biegeschlaff sind, so daß es nicht möglich ist, den Leiterfolien durch manuelles oder maschinelles Biegen eine dauerhafte zwei- oder dreidimensionale Form zu geben. Dieser Nachteil erschwert die Montage der Leiterfolie in elektrischen Geräten, da die biegeschlaffe Leiterfolie während der Montage ständig festgehalten werden muß und gegebenenfalls Befestigungsmittel notwendig sind, um die Leiterfolie an Gehäusewänden oder Halterahmen von elektrischen Geräten festzulegen.However, it is disadvantageous that the known conductor foils are limp are so that it is not possible to use the conductor foils by permanent or manual bending to give two or three dimensional shape. This disadvantage complicates the assembly of the conductor foil in electrical devices, because the sagging conductor foil during assembly must be constantly held and, if necessary, fasteners are necessary to attach the conductor film to housing walls or fixing frame of electrical devices.
Durch die erfindungsgemäße Leiterfolie mit den kennzeichnenden
Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 werden diese Nachteil vermieden.
Vorteilhaft weist die Leiterfolie wenigstens ein auf
ein Trägerfolienband der Leiterfolie isoliert von den Leiterbahnen
aufgebrachtes und sich in Längsrichtung des Trägerfolienbandes
erstreckendes, bleibend verformbares Formgebungselement
auf. Das Formgebungselement kann in einfacher
und preiswerter Weise an der Trägerfolie angeordnet werden
und ermöglicht es vorteilhaft, der Leiterfolie eine dauerhafte
zwei- oder dreidimensionale Form zu geben. Unter "dauerhaft"
ist hierbei zu verstehen, daß sich die zwei- oder
dreidimensionale Form der Leiterfolie beim Transport oder
der Montage nicht von allein verändert, aber durch ein erneutes
manuelles oder maschinelles Verbiegen des Formgebungselementes
dennoch wieder geändert werden kann. Besonders
vorteilhaft ist, daß durch die aus dem Formgebungselement
resultierende Biegesteifheit der Leiterfolie die manuelle
und maschinelle Verarbeitung der Leiterfolien stark
vereinfacht wird. Der bekannte Herstellungsprozeß der Leiterfolien
muß vorteilhaft nur geringfügig abgeändert werden.
Da das Formgebungselement in Längsrichtung des Trägerfolienbandes
in gleicher Richtung wie die Leiterbahnen verläuft,
kann die Leiterfolie vorteilhaft in Längsrichtung aufgerollt
werden. Je nach Bedarf können dann verschieden lange Stücke
von der Rolle abgeschnitten und weiterverarbeitet werden.
Beim Auf- oder Abrollen ist zwar ein gewisser Widerstand zu
überwinden, der daraus resultiert, daß das Formgebungselement
gekrümmt oder gestreckt wird, dies ist aber in Anbetracht
der oben beschriebenen Vorteile durchaus hinnehmbar.By the conductor foil according to the invention with the characteristic
Features of
Vorteilhafte Ausführungsbeispiele und Weiterentwicklungen der Erfindung sind in den Merkmalen der Unteransprüche enthalten.Advantageous exemplary embodiments and further developments the invention are contained in the features of the subclaims.
Besonders einfach ist es, das wenigstens eine Formgebungselement aus Metall zu fertigen. Beispielsweise kann das Formgebungselement ein einzelner in Längsrichtung des Trägerfolienbandes verlaufender Metalldraht sein, der als Einlegeteil in die Leiterfolie eingebracht oder auf das Trägerfolienband aufgeklebt wird, wodurch die Herstellung der Leiterfolie nur etwas aufwendiger wird. Der Metalldraht kann aus sehr preiswertem Material gefertigt sein und erhöht die Herstellungskosten der Leiterfolie nur geringfügig. Durch manuelles oder maschinelles Verbiegen des in der Leiterfolie angeordneten Metalldrahtes kann die Leiterfolie in sehr einfacher Weise in eine dauerhafte Form gebracht werden und die Montage der Leiterfolie beispielsweise im Gerätegehäuse eines elektronischen Steuergerätes stark erleichtert werden. Vorteilhaft können zwei parallel zueinander in Längsrichtung des Trägerfolienbandes verlaufende Metalldrähte an der Leiterfolie angeordnet sein. Dadurch wird es besonders leicht, der Leiterfolie eine dreidimensionale Form zu geben.It is particularly simple to use the at least one shaping element made of metal. For example, that Shaping element a single in the longitudinal direction of the carrier film strip running metal wire, which as an insert introduced into the conductor foil or onto the carrier foil tape is glued on, thereby producing the conductor foil just becomes a little more complex. The metal wire can be made of very inexpensive material and increases the Manufacturing costs of the conductor film only marginally. By manual or mechanical bending of the in the conductor foil Arranged metal wire can make the conductor foil very simple Be brought into a permanent form and the Assembly of the conductor foil, for example, in the device housing electronic control unit can be greatly facilitated. Two can advantageously be parallel to one another in the longitudinal direction of the carrier foil tape running metal wires on the conductor foil be arranged. This makes it particularly easy to give the conductor foil a three-dimensional shape.
Das Formgebungselement kann aber auch eine auf das Trägerfolienband aufgebrachte Metallfolie sein, deren Dicke hinreichend groß ist, um eine dauerhafte Verformbarkeit der Leiterfolie zu ermöglichen. The shaping element can, however, also be placed on the carrier tape applied metal foil, the thickness of which is sufficient is great for permanent deformability of the conductor foil to enable.
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in den Zeichnungen
dargestellt und werden in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher
erläutert. Es zeigt
In Fig. 1 und Fig. 2 ist ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel der
erfindungsgemäßen Leiterfolie dargestellt. Die Leiterfolie 1
umfaßt ein Trägerfolienband 2 aus einem elektrisch isolierenden
und elastisch verformbaren Material, wie beispielsweise
Polyimid. Auf dem Trägerfolienband 2 sind Leiterbahnen 3 hergestellt,
die im wesentlichen parallel zueinander in Längsrichtung
des Trägerfolienbandes 2 verlaufen. Die Leiterbahnen
3 sind aus Kupfer mit einer Dicke von beispielsweise 40 µm
oder weniger in an sich bekannter Weise hergestellt. Dabei
wird zunächst Kupfer in einem Fotoprozeß strukturiert auf dem
Trägerfolienband abgeschieden und anschließend galvanisch
verstärkt. Je dünner die Kupferstrukturen sind, desto preiswerter
kann die Leiterfolie gefertigt werden. Wie in Fig. 1
weiterhin zu erkennen ist, sind die Leiterbahnen 3 durch einen
auf das Trägerfolienband 2 aufgebrachten Schutzüberzug
bzw. eine Isolationsschicht 5 nach außen isoliert. Dies kann
beispielsweise eine weitere Isolierfolie, eine geeigneter
Deckauftrag oder ein Isolierspray sein. In Fig. 2 ist eine
Draufsicht auf einen Abschnitt des Trägerfolienbandes 2 aus
Fig. 1 dargestellt. Neben den Leiterbahnen 3 ist ein parallel
zu den Leiterbahnen in Längsrichtung des Trägerfolienbandes
verlaufendes Formgebungselement 4 auf das Trägerfolienband 2
aufgebracht, welches in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel als ein in
der Mitte der Leiterfolie verlaufender Metalldraht mit kreisförmigen
Querschnitt ausgestaltet ist. Der Metalldraht 4 ist
von den Leiterbahnen 3 durch die Isolationsschicht 5 isoliert
und kann beispielsweise ein preiswerter Kupferdraht mit einem
Durchmesser von einem Millimeter sein. Der Durchmesser des
Metalldrahtes sollte mindestens so groß sein, daß eine dauerhafte
Verformung der Leiterfolie 1 durch Verbiegen des Drahtes
realisiert werden kann. Aber auch andere Materialen und
Ausgestaltungen des Formgebungselementes 4 sind denkbar. Da
das wenigstens eine Formgebungselement 4 anders als die Leiterbahnen
3 nicht als elektrischer Leiter ausgelegt sein muß,
ist es beispielsweise auch möglich das Formgebungselement 4
aus einem plastisch verformbaren Kunststoff zu fertigen. Fig.
7 zeigt die Leiterfolie 1 aus Fig. 1 nach dem die Leiterfolie
1 in eine gewünschte zweidimensionale Form gebogen wurde.
Diese Form kann beispielsweise einer bestimmten Gehäusekontur
eines elektrischen Gerätes angepaßt sein. Durch den Metalldraht
4 behält die Leiterfolie 1 diese Formgebung dauerhaft
bei, wodurch die Montage der Leiterfolie 1 in dem elektrischen
Gerät an schwer zugänglichen Stellen erleichtert wird.
Die Enden der Leiterfolie 1 in Fig. 7 können mit Lötaugen
oder anderen nicht dargestellten Kontaktierungsmitteln versehen
sein.In Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is a first embodiment of the
Represented conductor film according to the invention. The
In der Fig. 3 ist ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen
Leiterfolie 1 dargestellt. Im Unterschied zur
Fig. 1 ist das Formgebungselement hier auf der den Leiterbahnen
3 gegenüberliegenden Seite des Trägerfolienbandes 2 mit -
einem Kleber 8 auf das Trägerfolienband aufgeklebt. Das Formgebungselement
4 weist hier einen annähernd halbkreisförmigen
Querschnitt auf.3 is a further embodiment of the
In Fig. 4 ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel dargestellt, bei dem
die Leiterbahnen 3 auf der Oberseite des Trägerfolienbandes
2 durch eine weitere Polyimidschicht 6 nach außen isoliert
sind. Auf der Unterseite des Trägerfolienbandes 2 sind in einem
Abstand voneinander zwei Metalldrähte 4 über eine elasitisch
verformbare weitere Isolierschicht 7 angeordnet, die
ebenfalls als Polyimidschicht ausgebildet sein kann. Durch
die beiden Metalldrähte 4 wird insbesondere eine dreidimensionale
Formgebung der Leiterfolie 1 erleichtert, wie in Fig.
8 beispielhaft dargestellt ist.4 shows an embodiment in which
the conductor tracks 3 on the top of the
In Fig. 5 ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel gezeigt, bei dem das
Formgebungselement 4 durch eine auf die Unterseite des Trägerfolienbandes
2 über eine Kleberschicht 10 aufgebrachte Metallschicht
4 mit einer Dicke von 100 µm ausgebildet ist.
Durch die Metallschicht 4 wird eine plastische Verformbarkeit
der Leiterfolie 2 um zwei zueinander senkrechte in der Ebene
der Trägerfolie 2 verlaufende Achsen erreicht.In Fig. 5 an embodiment is shown in which the
Fig. 6 zeigt ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel bei dem das
Formgebungselement 4 auf der Oberseite des Trägerfolienbandes
2 neben den Leiterbahnen 3 angeordnet ist und von einer isolierenden
Polyimidschicht 6 abgedeckt wird. Das sich in
Längsrichtung des Trägerfolienbandes 2 erstreckende Formgebungselement
4 weist in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel einen trapezförmigen
Querschnitt auf.Fig. 6 shows a further embodiment in which the
Darüber hinaus sind weitere Ausgestaltungen und Anordnungen möglich, wobei das Formgebungselement, wie in Fig. 1 dargestellt, entweder vollständig in Isolierstoff eingebettet oder wie in Fig. 5 an einer Seite nicht mit Isolierstoff bedeckt ist.In addition, there are other configurations and arrangements possible, the shaping element, as shown in Fig. 1, either completely embedded in insulating material or as in Fig. 5 not covered on one side with insulating material is.
Claims (7)
- Foil conductor for conductively connecting electrical/electronic components, comprising an elastically deformable, non-conducting carrier foil strip (2), on which a number of conductor tracks (3) are arranged next to one another, running in the longitudinal direction of the carrier foil strip (2) and insulated with respect to the outside, characterized in that the foil conductor (1) has at least one shaping element (4), which runs in the longitudinal direction of the carrier foil strip (2), is electrically insulated from the conductor tracks (3) and is permanently deformable.
- Foil conductor according to Claim 1, characterized in that the at least one shaping element (4) consists of metal.
- Foil conductor according to Claim 2, characterized in that an individual metal wire running in the longitudinal direction of the carrier foil strip (2) is provided as the shaping element (4).
- Foil conductor according to Claim 2, characterized in that two metal wires (4) running parallel to each other in the longitudinal direction of the carrier foil strip (2) are provided as shaping elements.
- Foil conductor according to Claim 2, characterized in that the at least one shaping element (4) is a metal foil applied to the carrier foil strip.
- Foil conductor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one shaping element (4) is adhesively bonded to the carrier foil strip (2).
- Foil conductor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the foil conductor (1) has a two-dimensional or three-dimensional structure produced by bending the at least one shaping element (4).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19914907A DE19914907C1 (en) | 1999-04-01 | 1999-04-01 | Conductor foil |
DE19914907 | 1999-04-01 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1041584A2 EP1041584A2 (en) | 2000-10-04 |
EP1041584A3 EP1041584A3 (en) | 2001-01-31 |
EP1041584B1 true EP1041584B1 (en) | 2004-09-01 |
Family
ID=7903275
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00105454A Revoked EP1041584B1 (en) | 1999-04-01 | 2000-03-15 | Foil conductor |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6417455B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1041584B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2000315427A (en) |
DE (2) | DE19914907C1 (en) |
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WO2022221295A1 (en) * | 2021-04-12 | 2022-10-20 | Conductix, Inc. | Internally sprung shunt |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1100810B (en) * | 1959-10-23 | 1961-03-02 | Erich Spielmann | All-round flexible, electric cable light |
DE2441665B2 (en) * | 1974-08-30 | 1979-03-29 | Kabelwerke Reinshagen Gmbh, 5600 Wuppertal | Automotive electrical wiring system in the form of a flexible printed tape line |
JPS62124571U (en) * | 1986-01-31 | 1987-08-07 | ||
GB8719869D0 (en) * | 1987-08-22 | 1987-09-30 | Lucas Ind Plc | Cable harness |
US4931598A (en) * | 1988-12-30 | 1990-06-05 | 3M Company | Electrical connector tape |
DE9011268U1 (en) * | 1990-07-27 | 1991-08-29 | Siemens AG, 8000 München | Multi-core ribbon cable |
JPH05217429A (en) * | 1992-01-31 | 1993-08-27 | Yazaki Corp | Tape wire and manufacture thereof |
JP3565951B2 (en) * | 1995-07-20 | 2004-09-15 | 矢崎総業株式会社 | Wire harness and method of manufacturing the same |
JP2001505706A (en) * | 1996-10-18 | 2001-04-24 | ダブリュ.エル.ゴア アンド アソシエイツ,インコーポレイティド | Ultra small and flat signal transmission cable |
DE19719238C1 (en) * | 1997-05-07 | 1998-10-08 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Electronic circuit board for automobile electronic device |
-
1999
- 1999-04-01 DE DE19914907A patent/DE19914907C1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-03-15 EP EP00105454A patent/EP1041584B1/en not_active Revoked
- 2000-03-15 DE DE50007581T patent/DE50007581D1/en not_active Revoked
- 2000-03-23 US US09/533,686 patent/US6417455B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-03-29 JP JP2000092096A patent/JP2000315427A/en active Pending
Also Published As
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US20020046870A1 (en) | 2002-04-25 |
DE50007581D1 (en) | 2004-10-07 |
US6417455B1 (en) | 2002-07-09 |
JP2000315427A (en) | 2000-11-14 |
EP1041584A2 (en) | 2000-10-04 |
DE19914907C1 (en) | 2000-11-02 |
EP1041584A3 (en) | 2001-01-31 |
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