EP1040733B1 - Electronic lamp ballast - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an electronic lamp ballast for operating gas-discharge lamps (G1, G2), where the electronic lamp ballast is controlled by means of a control circuit (IC2). The control circuit (IC2) controls the operation of the electronic lamp ballast in accordance with certain predetermined operating states (I - VIII) in which the control circuit (IC2) monitors certain status variables of the electronic lamp ballast or of a gas-discharge lamp (G1, G2) in accordance with the operating status. It changes from one operating status to a new operating status only if the status variables being monitored meet a condition assigned to the current operating status.

Description

The present invention relates to an electronic ballast for operating Gas discharge lamps according to the preamble of claim 1.

Such an electronic ballast is for example from EP-B1-0338 109 known. Fig. 10 shows the basic structure of this electronic ballast.

The electronic ballast shown in FIG. 10 first comprises a circuit A, which is connected to the AC network. This circuit A serves as an RF harmonic filter to reduce the harmonic harmonics of the mains frequency as well for radio interference suppression.

Circuit A is followed by a rectifier circuit B, which supplies the mains voltage converted into a rectified intermediate voltage and this via a harmonic filter C, which serves to smooth the intermediate voltage, an inverter circuit D supplies. This inverter D serves as a controllable AC voltage source and converts the DC voltage of the rectifier B into a variable AC voltage. The inverter D generally comprises two controllable switches (not shown), for example MOS field effect transistors. The two switches are in the form of one Half-bridge circuit interconnected and are using an appropriate Bridge driver alternately controlled such that one of the switches on and one other is turned off. The two inverter switches are connected in series connected between a supply voltage and ground, being at the common Node between the two inverter switches a load circuit or Output circuit E is connected in which a gas discharge lamp or Fluorescent lamp G is arranged. This output circuit E includes one Series resonance circuit via which the "chopped" high-frequency AC voltage of the Inverter D of the fluorescent lamp G is supplied.

Before the ignition voltage is applied to the fluorescent lamp G, the Lamp electrodes of the fluorescent lamp G preheated to increase the lamp life extend. The preheating can, for example, with the help of a heating transformer take place, the primary winding is connected to the series resonance circuit, while the Secondary windings of the heating transformer coupled to the individual lamp filaments are. In this way it is possible to use the lamp filaments even in the ignited mode To supply energy. In preheating mode, the frequency is that of the inverter D supplied AC voltage compared to the resonance frequency of the series resonance circuit of the output circuit E changed such that the applied to the gas discharge lamp G. Voltage does not cause the lamp to ignite. In this case, flows through the as Lamp electrodes of the lamp which are made in the form of a spiral have an essentially constant current, whereby the lamp filaments are preheated. After the preheating phase, the Frequency of the AC voltage supplied by the inverter D in the vicinity of Resonance frequency of the series resonance circuit shifted, which changes the Gas discharge lamp G applied voltage increases, so that the gas discharge lamp G is ignited.

During the preheating, ignition and operation of the gas discharge lamp G. certain errors occur that need to be identified in order to react accordingly to be able to. For this purpose, the electronic ballast has a control circuit F on, which monitors various circuit sizes of the electronic ballast and if a limit value is exceeded, a corresponding control signal for the Inverter D generates the frequency of those generated by the inverter D. To change AC voltage depending on the detected fault. So can for example, the control circuit F, the lamp voltage, the preheating voltage Lamp operating current, the impedance phase angle of the output circuit E or that of Monitor the DC voltage generated by the rectifier B and the inverter frequency adjust so that the lamp voltage, the preheating voltage or the lamp current do not exceed a predetermined limit value that was taken from the rectifier B. DC power is as constant as possible or a capacitive operation of the series resonance output circuit E is avoided.

In the electronic ballast shown in FIG. 10, however, the function is Control circuit F always the same regardless of the operating state of the gas discharge lamp G. This means that the individual detectors of the control circuit F are constantly activated and the measurement results of these individual detectors are continuously evaluated, though possibly related to the current operating state of the gas discharge lamp G some these error or detector signals are of no interest at all or even wrong Conduct reactions of the control circuit F. For example, the occurrence of a increased voltage lead to switching off the electronic ballast, although the occurrence of an overvoltage during the ignition operation of the gas discharge lamp G is quite desirable.

Overall, the electronic ballast shown in FIG. 10 requires due to the constant monitoring of all possible error sizes a relatively long time until a The most stable and error-free operating point of the gas discharge lamp G is reached has been.

In order to make lamp operation as effective as possible, one in the Ballast described in WO 96/03017 the gas discharge lamp according to certain Operating states controlled. Each operating state corresponds to a phase of Lamp operation, being from a current operating state to a new one only is then changed when certain conditions are met. Both Operating states can be, for example, a preheating operation Act ignition operation and normal operation. In addition, a Fault operation should be provided, in which there is always a change when certain Operating parameters are outside their permissible ranges. One in the Ballast control circuit controls the lamp during a specified operating state according to rules specified for this state. Such a procedure is for example also from WO 97/42794 and US 5,650,694 known.

Starting from the ballast known from WO 96/03017 present invention the task of an electronic ballast for Operate one or more gas discharge lamps to indicate which one even more flexible lamp operation and thus faster and safer access the operating phase of the gas discharge lamp (s).

The aforementioned object is achieved according to the present invention by a Electronic ballast solved with the features of claim 1. The Subclaims describe preferred and advantageous embodiments of the present invention, which in turn is as reliable as possible and yet enable simple construction and operation of the electronic ballast.

As described above, the control circuit of the electronic ballast controls the gas discharge lamp (s) connected to the electronic ballast in accordance with certain predetermined operating states, the control circuit of only then a current operating state into a new operating state changes if a status or. monitored by the control circuit Monitoring size of the electronic ballast or Gas discharge lamp (s) a specific, the current operating state assigned condition met. The electronic ballast remains advantageously in the current operating state, if the aforementioned Condition is not met.

According to the invention, the control circuit of the electronic ballast Inverter control means on what control signals for the two Inverter switch generated, depending on the operating state between one symmetrical and asymmetrical duty cycle between the two control signals can be switched for the inverter switch. So preferably Control signals for the two inverter switches in an operating state with one unbalanced duty cycle output while in a preheat or Ignition operation is carried out with symmetrical control signals. By creating Asymmetric control signals for the inverter switches can be the so-called the gas discharge lamp (s) controlled by the electronic ballast be avoided. Furthermore, with the help of the inverter control means the resolution for the output frequency of the inverter can be increased.

With the monitoring variables of the electronic monitored by the control circuit Ballast can be temporal quantities, so that the control circuit Monitored expiry of specified time intervals. Furthermore, those of the Control circuit monitored monitoring parameters certain operating parameters of the electronic ballast, e.g. the lamp voltage, lamp current, etc. be so that the presence or absence of certain fault conditions is monitored and can be detected.

The individual monitoring variables are advantageously compared with regard to their type and Number of the control circuit depending on the current operating state supervised. This means that different in different operating conditions Error sizes of the electronic ballast are monitored and differently can be evaluated so that in different operating states Different error detectors activated and reported errors evaluated differently can be. This allows an optimization of the entire electronic Ballast, so that a stable and error-free operating point of the Electronic ballast controlled gas discharge lamp reached very quickly can be. Advantageously, according to the present invention in each Operating state only monitors or evaluates those errors that are actually for the relevant operating state are relevant, so that the initially with reference to FIG. 10 explained contradictions between the individual operating conditions on the one hand and the Fault monitoring by the control circuit can be avoided on the other hand.

The individual state variables of the electronic are advantageously evaluated Ballast with the help of so-called digital event filters that ensure that a certain condition is only considered to be fulfilled if the corresponding one State variable assumes a certain state several times in succession. So will for example, the existence of an overvoltage is only concluded if the Lamp voltage exceeds a predetermined limit three times in succession. As soon as the monitored company size, i.e. in this case the lamp voltage, the given condition, i.e. in this case the limit value is not reached, the corresponding counter of the digital event filter reset.

As possible operating states of the electronic ballast or Gas discharge lamps, for example, start to settle in a commissioning state of the electronic ballast, an ignition state for igniting the to electronic ballast connected gas discharge lamp (s), an operating state to operate the gas discharge lamp (s) after ignition and a fault condition after Occurrence of a malfunction of the electronic ballast in question. Further possible operating states are a reset state (reset state) for initializing the electronic ballast when restarting or restarting, a preheating state for preheating the lamp filaments of the gas discharge lamp (s) or a Lamp change detection state for detecting the replacement of one Gas discharge lamp.

The sequence control of the individual operating states of the control circuit of the electronic Ballast is advantageously implemented digitally, so that in a simple manner Way the individual operating states redefined or additional operating states can be added. A change of state between two defined Operating states are assigned at least one condition that must be met, so that the control circuit can operate from one operating state to the other Operating status changes. Furthermore, it is advantageous for every operating state determined which sizes of the electronic ballast or the gas discharge lamp (s) monitored in the corresponding operating state or as the monitored variables can be evaluated in the corresponding operating state. On in this way, the sequence control of the electronic ballast according to the present invention optimally to the actual needs of the electronic Ballast can be adjusted.

The control circuit of the electronic ballast according to the invention can be in the form an application-specific integrated circuit (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC).

Fig. 1

zeigt ein Schaltbild eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels eines erfindungsgemäßen elektronischen Vorschaltgerätes,

Fig. 2

zeigt eine vergrößerte Darstellung einer in Fig. 1 dargestellten Steuerschaltung mit einer entsprechenden externen Beschaltung dieser Steuerschaltung,

Fig. 3

zeigt ein Blockschaltbild der in Fig. 2 gezeigten Steuerschaltung,

Fig. 4

zeigt ein Schaltbild eines in Fig. 3 dargestellten Stromerfassungsblocks,

Fig. 5a und 5b

zeigen Darstellungen zur Erläuterung der Kapazitätsstromerfassung mit Hilfe des in den Fig. 3 und 4 gezeigten Stromerfassungsblocks,

Fig. 6

zeigt ein Schaltbild eines in Fig. 3 dargestellten Spannungserfassungsblocks,

Fig. 7a und 78b

zeigen Darstellungen zur Erläuterung der Lampenwechselerkennung mit Hilfe des in den Fig. 3 und 6 dargestellten Spannungserfassungsblocks,

Fig. 8a und 8b

zeigen Schaltbilder eines in Fig. 3 gezeigten Warm/Kaltstartumschaltblocks,

Fig. 9

zeigt beispielhaft verschiedene von dem erfindungsgemäßen elektronischen Vorschaltgerät angesteuerte Betriebszustände,

Fig. 10

zeigt ein Blockschaltbild eines bekannten elektronischen Vorschaltgerätes, und

Fig. 11a bis 11d

zeigen Darstellungen zur Erläuterung einer weiteren Funktion des in Fig. 3 und Fig. 6 gezeigten Spannungserfassungsblocks.

The present invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawing using preferred exemplary embodiments.

Fig. 1

shows a circuit diagram of a preferred embodiment of an electronic ballast according to the invention,

Fig. 2

1 shows an enlarged illustration of a control circuit shown in FIG. 1 with a corresponding external circuit of this control circuit,

Fig. 3

FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of the control circuit shown in FIG. 2,

Fig. 4

3 shows a circuit diagram of a current detection block shown in FIG. 3,

5a and 5b

show illustrations for explaining the capacitance current detection with the aid of the current detection block shown in FIGS. 3 and 4,

Fig. 6

3 shows a circuit diagram of a voltage detection block shown in FIG. 3,

7a and 78b

show illustrations for explaining the lamp change detection with the aid of the voltage detection block shown in FIGS. 3 and 6,

8a and 8b

3 show circuit diagrams of a warm / cold start changeover block shown in FIG. 3,

Fig. 9

shows an example of various operating states controlled by the electronic ballast according to the invention,

Fig. 10

shows a block diagram of a known electronic ballast, and

11a to 11d

show illustrations for explaining a further function of the voltage detection block shown in FIGS. 3 and 6.

The electronic ballast shown in FIG. 1 first comprises a circuit A, which on the input side to a supply voltage, for example a mains voltage, is connected and used for radio interference suppression. Circuit A is in the usual way constructed and includes, for example, capacitive input filters and possibly. Harmonic chokes. In Fig. 1, a capacitor C2 and a are only exemplary Symmetry transformer L1 shown, with a surge arrester or a VDR with the designation F1 can be connected in parallel.

The circuit B following the circuit A comprises one Full wave rectifier bridge with diodes V1 - V4. The rectifier circuit B converts the supply AC voltage present on the input side into a rectified one Intermediate voltage around. The rectifier circuit B can therefore be omitted if that electronic ballast is operated with DC voltage.

The following circuit part C is used for harmonic filtering and smoothing of the intermediate voltage supplied to the rectifier B. The circuit C shown in Fig. 1 includes, for example, capacitors C3, C11, a diode V5, a coil L2, one MOS field-effect transistor T1 and an integrated circuit Control circuit IC1. The control circuit IC1 is at a supply voltage potential VCC connected and can be connected to the other circuit elements in such a way that it receives different voltage potentials U or currents I. The one in Fig. 1 The structure of the circuit C shown is of course to be understood purely by way of example.

From the harmonic filter C shown in FIG. 1, an inverter circuit D controlled as the essential elements two in series between one Supply voltage line and ground switched controllable switches, in the present Example in the form of MOS field effect transistors T2 and T3. The two Inverter switches T2, T3 are interconnected to a half bridge and are each controlled with the aid of a control circuit IC2 designed as an integrated circuit, i.e. opened and closed. The control circuit IC2 thus also takes over Function of a bridge driver and is connected to a corresponding one Supply voltage line VCC connected or coupled to it. The Inverter circuit D generates depending on that of rectifier circuit B. generated rectified intermediate voltage an AC voltage with variable Frequency and / or duty cycle. In general, the inverter D is in the usual way built and its function is well known, so here on another Explanation can be omitted. It is only important at this point that the Control circuit IC2 the two depending on the control signals supplied Inverter switches T2 and T3 are controlled alternately, so that at the connection point a "chopped", high-frequency between the two inverter switches T2 and T3 AC voltage occurs.

With the inverter D is a series resonance output circuit or load circuit E. connected. In the present case, the load circuit E is for the connection of two Gas discharge lamps G1, G2 designed in tandem configuration. Of course leaves the load circuit E also change such that only a gas discharge lamp or more than two gas discharge lamps can be operated. From Fig. 1 can be seen that the load circuit E is a series resonance circuit consisting of a Has resonant circuit coil L3 and a resonant circuit capacitor C14. This Series resonance circuit or resonance circuit coil L3 is at the connection point connected between the two inverter switches T2 and T3 and the Resonant circuit capacitor C14 is arranged to be parallel to that operating gas discharge lamp or the gas discharge lamps G1, G2 to be operated is switched. The high-frequency AC voltage generated by the inverter D. is supplied to the gas discharge lamps G1 and G2 via the series resonance circuit.

As has already been explained, according to the example shown in FIG. 1, the two are Gas discharge lamps G1 and G2 in tandem configuration to the load circuit E or that electronic ballast connected. This means that - as can be seen from Fig. 1 is - the upper filament of the upper gas discharge lamp G1 and the lower filament of the lower gas discharge lamp G2 are connected directly to the load circuit E, while the lower filament of the upper gas discharge lamp G1 and the upper filament of the lower Gas discharge lamp G2 connected to each other and connected to the load circuit E. are. Before applying the ignition voltage to the gas discharge lamps G1, G2 these are preheated to extend the life of the gas discharge lamps. To this 1, a heat exchanger L4 is provided whose primary winding is in Series is connected to the resonant circuit capacitor C14, while the Secondary winding, the lower filament of the upper gas discharge lamp G1 and the upper one Helix of the lower gas discharge lamp G2 connects. In preheating mode becomes the frequency of the AC voltage supplied by the inverter E. the resonance frequency of the series resonance circuit is set such that the above Resonant circuit capacitor C14 and thus across the gas discharge lamps G1 and G2 applied voltage does not cause ignition of the gas discharge lamps. In this case flows through the filaments of the gas discharge lamps G1, G2 a substantially constant Preheating. The capacitor C15 shown in FIG. 1 effects an adaptation of the Preheating voltage in the tandem configuration shown in FIG Gas discharge lamps G1 and G2. The principle of preheating explained above can of course in a simple way also on the operation of one Gas discharge lamp or more than two gas discharge lamps are transmitted. Of apart from the tandem configuration, a parallel configuration or Parallel connection of several gas discharge lamps G1, G2 possible. In Fig. 1, however, is Tandem configuration of the gas discharge lamps G1, G2 shown, since such Lamp configuration using the electronic ballast shown in Fig. 1 advantageous in a simple way a lamp change both the top and the lower gas discharge lamp can be determined. The lamp change detection is explained in more detail below. For the purpose of lamp change detection, also the resistor R12 shown in FIG. 1.

After the preheating phase, the frequency of the the AC voltage supplied to the inverter D in the vicinity of the resonance frequency of Series resonant circuit shifted, which leads to the resonant circuit capacitor C14 and the voltage applied to the gas discharge lamps G1, G2 is increased, as a result of which this Ignite gas discharge lamps.

After igniting the gas discharge lamps, the electronic shown in Fig. 1 goes Ballast in the actual operating phase, in which the frequency of the Inverter D supplied AC voltage continuously, for example is set that a constant as possible by the gas discharge lamps G1, G2 Lamp current flows or a constant as possible on the gas discharge lamps Lamp voltage is present. As will be explained in more detail below, this is shown in FIG. 1 Electronic ballast shown on a number of fault detectors that determined Circuit sizes of the electronic ballast, in particular the load circuit E, monitor and when a certain error is detected, a corresponding control of the inverter D to, for example, the occurrence of an overvoltage on the gas discharge lamps G2 and G2, a rectifying effect in the Gas discharge lamps G1, G2 or a capacitive operation of the load circuit E. avoid.

To control the inverter D, a circuit module serves as the heart the previously mentioned control circuit IC2 and several external components as external circuitry of the control circuit IC2 comprises. The main external Components are six resistors R10, R13 - R16 and R21, R22 and two Capacitors C7 and C17. As shown in Fig. 1, the individual are external Components connected to respective input connections of the control circuit IC2. The External components connected to the control circuit IC2 serve primarily for Detection of certain circuit sizes of the electronic ballast, so that this can be evaluated in the control circuit IC2.

FIG. 2 shows an enlarged representation of the control circuit IC2 shown in FIG. 1 and the external wiring of the individual input connections of the control circuit IC2. 2 are only the essential connections and external components shown. In the present example, the control circuit IC2 is advantageously as application specific integrated circuit, ASIC) and in a multi-pole SMD housing (Surface Mounted Device) accommodated. In the present case, the control circuit IC2 is both for operation of a single lamp output circuit E and also for the operation of one for one in FIG. 1 Tandem configuration shown with several gas discharge lamps designed load circuit E suitable.

As has already been mentioned and can be seen in particular from FIG. 2, the Control circuit IC2 several connections, which have the following functions. To the Connection GND is the reference potential, i.e. the ground potential, for the individual analog and Digital function blocks of the control circuit IC2 created. 1 shows that the ground potential of the entire electronic ballast over a Coupling capacitor C1 is grounded. At the connection VDD, which over the Coupling capacitor C7 is connected to the ground potential (see. Fig. 1), the internal generated supply voltage for the individual analog and digital function blocks of the Control circuit IC2 provided. The NP connection serves, as will be explained in more detail below for external setting and detection of the preheating method, i.e. to Selection between a cold start and warm start operation. In particular, the connection NP connected externally in such a way that a dynamic choice of the preheating method is possible. The connection VL1 is detected via those shown in FIG. 1 and partly in FIG. 2 Resistors R10 and R14, R15 divided the lamp voltage of the Gas discharge lamps G1, G2 and is therefore primarily used for Lamp voltage monitoring. The connection ILC is used analogously with the aid of that in FIG. 1 and resistors R13 and R16 shown in FIG. 2 for monitoring the Output circuit or load circuit current (choke current) or for monitoring the through the gas discharge lamps G1, G2 after their ignition flowing lamp current by with the help of the shunt resistor R16 a voltage proportional thereto and the Control circuit is supplied via the connection ILC. The connection VL1 thus serves for voltage monitoring, while the ILC connection is used for current monitoring. The Both output connections OUTL and OUTH serve to control the one in FIG. 1 shown low or high half-bridge switch T3 or T2. To this Purpose are control signals (TTL level) at the output connections OUTL and OUTH for switching the two inverter switches T2 and T3 on and off provided. The connection VCC of the control circuit IC2 is finally the central one Supply voltage connection of the control circuit IC2.

The supply voltage range can include 10-18V, for example. Furthermore the control circuit IC2 controls the inverter switches T2 and T3 such that from the inverter circuit D an AC voltage of variable frequency on the output side with an operating frequency range of 40-80 kHz, for example.

The control circuit IC2 forms the heart of the whole shown in FIG. 1 electronic ballast and therefore includes a variety of different Functions. For example, using the control circuit IC2, the preheating method for the connected gas discharge lamp (s) dynamically and between a cold start and a warm start operation can be changed. For this purpose the control circuit IC2 for a defined preheating operation with a defined Preheating time and a defined preheating current. The control circuit IC2 also ensures a predefined ignition operation with a specified ignition time and a specified Ignition voltage. Via the connections ILC or VL1 of the control circuit IC2 for example the preheating current and the lamp operating current or the lamp voltage recorded and regulated to a constant value as possible. Furthermore, from the control circuit IC2 a capacitive operation of the Load circuit E monitors. The occurrence can also occur via the voltage connection VLI of a constant light effect in a connected gas discharge lamp G1, G2 detected become. Likewise, the occurrence of a Gas defect, which leads to an overvoltage on the corresponding gas discharge lamp leads, recognized and accordingly the electronic ballast in this case be switched off. A special function of the control circuit IC2 is recognition a lamp change, the. In the tandem configuration shown in FIG Lamp change detection is in particular independent of the changed lamp, i.e. both the upper gas discharge lamp G1 and the lower one can be changed Gas discharge lamp G2 can be detected. Finally, there is one in the control circuit IC2 (preferably digitally implemented) sequence control implemented, which ensures that the gas discharge lamp (s) connected to the electronic ballast in accordance with predetermined operating states are controlled, with an operating state in a new operating state only if at least one specific condition is met can be changed. There is one within each operating state Condition-dependent monitoring of certain sizes of the electronic Ballast possible, so that depending on the respective operating state Different error sizes can be monitored and evaluated differently. With regard to the errors, an event-filtered error evaluation takes place, i.e. with the help of digital event filters, for example, it is ensured that the presence of an error is only closed if the corresponding error actually occurs occurs several times in a row.

In addition to the functions briefly summarized above, the control circuit has IC2 other functions, all of which are given below with reference to the attached Drawing to be explained in more detail.

Fig. 3 shows a block diagram of the internal structure of the previously described Control circuit IC2. A module 100 is initially coupled to the power connection ILC, which among other things to the previously described current detection and capacitive current detection of the Load circuit serves. The evaluation of the current sensed via the connection ILC takes place in particular with the aid of a regulator formed by a comparator circuit. To the To keep circuit complexity really low, this comparator circuit will also do that received by the voltage terminal VL1 of the control circuit IC2 and by one Module 200 supplied and evaluated voltage signal. The module 200 serves in particular for detecting the lamp voltage, for rectifying effect detection and for lamp change detection. Furthermore, the NP connector is another module 300 coupled, which to detect the warm or cold start operation during preheating the gas discharge lamp (s) to be controlled and to implement a dynamic one Preheating is used. With the supply voltage connections VCC and VDD is a Voltage regulator module 400 connected, which has an internal voltage regulator, which is a regulated, very precise voltage for the power supply of all internal Provides function blocks. Another module 500 serves as a source for all required reference quantities, i.e. Reference voltages and reference currents in which Control circuit IC2. An oscillator 600 serves as the internal clock of the control circuit IC2, a time base generator 700 coupled to it depending on the predetermined one Clock of the oscillator 600 internal time variables for the sequential control of the Control circuit IC2, e.g. the preheating or ignition time. Another module 800 is used to implement the sequential control of the individual operating states of the entire electronic ballast and works closely with another module 900, which is used for measuring phase control. The module 900 is used in particular for event-filtered evaluation of certain error quantities of the electronic Ballast and for measuring phase-dependent control of all switches individual function blocks of the control circuit IC2. The sequencer 800 evaluates the event-filtered status messages of the measuring phase controller 900 and controls depending on the time variables specified by the time base generator 700 individual operating states of the electronic ballast or the control circuit IC2. Finally, the control circuit IC2 assigns a further module 1000 Inverter control on. With the help of this module 1000 of the Measuring phase control 900 delivered frequency setting signals into corresponding Control signals for the upper inverter switch (via the output connection OUTH) or the lower inverter switch (via the output connection OUTL).

The control circuit IC2 can be implemented both analog and digital Function blocks include. In the present case, the digital part comprises the ASIC trained control circuit IC2, the time base generator 700, the sequencer 800, the measurement phase control 900 and the inverter control 1000. In particular can the control circuit IC2 be equipped such that the digital part with respect to Space requirement of the control circuit IC2 corresponds to the analog part.

FIG. 4 shows a detailed circuit diagram of the current detection module shown in FIG. 3 100. In Fig. 4 are also the external with the power connector ILC of the control circuit connected resistors R13 and R16, which are also shown in FIG. 1.

Internally, a reference current Irefl is added to the signal detected at the current connection ILC, to ensure that the signal to be processed by the current sensing module 100 is always in the working voltage range of the control circuit.

As shown in Fig. 4, an integrator circuit 105 is provided for integration of the input signal fed to it. The entire functional block 105 is such realizes that the integrator function both for measuring the lamp current (via the Connection ILC) in normal operation, as well as for rectification effect detection (via the Connection VL1) can be used.

The integrator circuit 105 may have sample and hold elements, which alternately each Period of the internal clock generator (cf. module 600 in FIG. 3) the input signal of the Scan integrators. The charge stored in the sample and hold members thereby turns on an integration amplifier of the integrator circuit 105 is passed on. This process is repeated cyclically.

The integrator 105 may have an internal controllable switch that does the above bridged sample and hold bridges and during the duration of the offset adjustment of the Integrators 105 is closed. This way, any signal, in particular the signal present at the input connection ILC via the switch S105 or a reference voltage potential for rectification effect detection from the voltage block 200 via switch S107, during the initialization phase on the actual Integration amplifier can be created.

The actual integration amplifier of the integrator 105 has the task of Integrate the current measurement signal at the ILC connection in a precisely controlled time. In the case, that the current measurement signal present at the ILC connection from the integration amplifier Integrator circuit 105 is integrated, the switch S105 is closed, while for the case of the rectification effect evaluation that supplied via the switch S107 Reference potential for the rectification effect evaluation at the integrator circuit 105 is applied.

Finally, the actual controller is a comparator 103, which performs the required setpoint / actual value comparison performs and is connected to the output integrators 105. By the arrangement of this comparator 103 shown in FIG. 4 makes it possible to use the comparator 103 very flexible to use. By operating a switch S124 accordingly can use different comparator voltages or reference values to the comparator 103 can be added or applied, reference voltages being exemplary in FIG. 4 Vref1 - Vref6 are shown. The reference potential corresponds to Vref1 and Vref2 for example a desired preheating voltage during a Vorheizbetriebszustandes. During the preheating operation, the controllable switch S124 the reference voltage Vref1 or Vref2 to the comparator 103 created so that the currently connected to the ILC connector and not integrated Measuring signal is compared with the reference value Vref1 or Vref2 respectively applied. In normal operation, for example, the reference potential Vref3 corresponds to that Integration start value of the integration amplifier of the integrator 105, so that when concerns of this reference potential Vref3, the comparator 103 real changes the Integration result can capture. The reference potentials Vref4 or Vref6 can a positive or negative limit for the supplied via switch S107 and correspond to the integrated lamp voltage of the connection VL1, so that by Comparison with these two limit values when the integration result is exceeded the occurrence of a rectification effect reliably in a positive or negative direction to be able to recognize. For this purpose, the further reference potential Vref5 used, which is switched on in the rectification effect detection and the Output or start value for the integration of those supplied via switch S107 Lamp voltage corresponds. By considering the through the reference potentials Vref3 or Vref5 predetermined start values of the integration amplifier of the integrator 105 can thus, with the aid of the comparator 103, actually be relative to the corresponding one Starting value of the change in the corresponding integration variable determined become.

The output signal of the comparator 103 becomes that shown in FIG. 3 Measuring phase control 900 supplied, which evaluates this and depending on the current measurement phase evaluated differently. This is how the measuring phase control ensures 900 for example for a corresponding adjustment of the output frequency of the Inverter of the electronic ballast, if that of the comparator 103 monitored current measurement signal of the connection ILC from the specified setpoint Vref3 differs. In the case of the rectification effect evaluation, however, generated as follows is explained in more detail, the measurement phase control an event-filtered signal, which indicates whether there is a rectification effect in a connected gas discharge lamp or Not. This signal is provided by the flow control block 800 shown in FIG. 3 evaluated and for operating state control of the entire electronic Ballast used.

In the present case, it is proposed in particular to regulate the peak value of the preheating current I _HZ during the preheating operation. For normal operation, however, it is proposed to regulate the mean value or the effective value of the lamp operating current I _L.

As shown in Fig. 4, the measurement signal present at the connection ILC can also be under Bypassing the integrator circuit 105 are monitored and evaluated, e.g. one to detect capacitive operation of the load circuit of the electronic ballast. For this can be a detector for detecting a capacitive current flowing in the load circuit be provided, for example, the phase angle of the load circuit, i.e. the Phase difference between the load circuit voltage and the load circuit current, determined (Kapazitivstromerfassung). The result of this monitoring or evaluation can be fed to the measuring phase controller 900.

The occurrence of a capacitive current in the load circuit will be referred to below 5a and 5b are explained in more detail.

FIG. 5 a shows an enlarged illustration of the essential elements of the one already in FIG. 1 shown inverter D and the load circuit E. For the sake of simplicity in Fig. 5a assumed that only one gas discharge lamp G1 connected. 5a shows the two inverter switches connected in series T2 and T3 shown. As already shown in Fig. 1, the load circuit with its Series resonant circuit at the connection point between the two Inverter switches T2 and T3 connected, i.e. the resonance circuit coil L3 is with the resonant circuit capacitor C14 in parallel with the lower inverter switch T3 connected. The resonant circuit capacitor C14 is also parallel to that Gas discharge lamp G1 connected. To the individual inverter switches T2 and T3 free-wheeling diodes V11 and V12 are connected in parallel to protect the respective Serve as an inverter switch.

5b shows on the one hand the switch-on states of the two inverter switches T2 and T3 as well as the current profile of the current I _L3 flowing through the choke _L3 and the time profile of the voltage potential V _L occurring at the connection point between the two inverter switches T2 and T3. At the time the upper or lower inverter switch T2 or T3 is switched on, a current flows in the freewheeling diode of the inverter switch to be switched on and the inverter half bridge switches the resonant load circuit inductively, ie the voltage or potential V _{L leads} the choke current I _L3 . In contrast to this is the capacitive switching of the resonance load of the resonance load circuit. In this working area, a current flows in the freewheeling diode opposite the inverter switch to be switched on, as a result of which a high reverse voltage occurs at the forward-current-carrying freewheeling diode of one of the two inverter switches. This in turn follows to very high recovery currents, as a result of which high switching losses occur in both inverter switches T2 and T3.

FIG. 5a shows the course of the individual currents I ₁ -I ₄ that occur during the time intervals t ₁ -t ₄ shown in FIG. 5b in the case of an inductive or capacitive inductor current I _L3 .

The above-mentioned phenomenon occurs in particular in the case of load circuit voltages V _L with an output frequency close to the resonance frequency of the series resonance circuit, which is the case in particular when the gas discharge lamp G1 is ignited, an inductive current initially flowing in the load circuit which heats the coil L3 leads. Due to the heating of the coil L3, its inductance drops, so that a transition suddenly occurs from the inductive area to the faulty capacitive area.

To detect the undesired capacitive operation of the load circuit, the monitors the level of the current amplitude of the load circuit detected via the input ILC and compared with a fixed reference value. advantageously, the height of the current amplitude at the time the lower one is switched on Inverter switch T3 detected, because in this case the polarities of the to be detected Measured values favorable for processing within the ASIC Control circuit IC2 are. If the detected current value is below that by corresponding reference potential predetermined limit value, is based on the presence of a capacitive operation of the load circuit closed, and there can be an output signal with can be generated at a high level, which of that shown in FIG Measurement phase control block 900 evaluated and finally from that also in FIG. 3rd inverter control block 1000 shown in drive signals for the two Inverter switches T2 and T3 are implemented with an increased frequency alternately switched on and off to increase the working frequency and thus to counteract capacitive operation.

In the following, the structure as well as the function of the already with reference to FIG in Fig. 3 indicated voltage detection blocks 200 are explained, which on Voltage connection VL1 evaluates or processes applied measurement signals.

6 shows the internal structure of the voltage detection block 200 and the external one coupled to terminal VL1 of voltage sensing block 200 Wiring the control circuit. In particular, in accordance with FIG. 1 from FIG. 6 shows that a series resistor R10 on the one hand with the connection VL1 and on the other hand with a voltage divider consisting of resistors R14 and R15 is coupled, the two voltage divider resistors R14 and R15 in parallel with the Gas discharge lamp G1 or to those connected in tandem in FIG. 1 Gas discharge lamps G1 and G2 are switched. For the sake of simplicity, FIG. 6 assumed that, in contrast to FIG. 1, only one gas discharge lamp G1 is controlled, to which the resonant circuit capacitor C14 is also connected in parallel.

The two resistors R14 and R15 have the task of acting on the gas discharge lamp G1 to divide the applied voltage so that with the help of the connection point between the resistors R14 and R15 attacking resistor R10 for the Lamp voltage representative measurement signal to the voltage terminal VL1 Voltage detection blocks 200 can be supplied.

The three external resistors R10, R14 and R15 are advantageously variable, see above that - analogous to the power connection ILC (cf. resistors R13, R16) - via a Connection of the control circuit to each other completely independently A total of three different control variables of the electronic ballast at times can be set or controlled using the same controller. By Accordingly, setting the resistance values of the resistors R10, R14 and R15 can depending on the type of lamp currently being used or on the instant used electronic ballast the setpoints for the regulation of the three different control variables can be set or specified. In the present case can with the help of the three external variable resistors R10, R14 and R15 The following sizes of the electronic ballast can be set: the maximum Lamp voltage positive / negative, the amplitude of the AC voltage component of the Lamp voltage signal and the signal increase of the lamp voltage signal for Rectifying effect evaluation.

6, an internal reference current source is again provided, which the measuring signal present at the voltage connection VL1 with an additional internal Current Iref2 applied. In contrast to the ILC connector shown in Fig. 4 however, in this case the reference current Iref2 using the controllable switch S207 only activated during the evaluation of the rectification effect, i.e. closed. All other evaluations connected to the VL1 connection refer to the signal present at connection VL1 without additional reference current Iref2, i.e. without DC offset. Accordingly, during the rectification effect evaluation all other detectors on the VL1 connection deactivated, otherwise they are wrong Would deliver results.

By connecting the reference current Iref2 in turn that at the connection VL1 applied signal raised. Analogous to feeding the one shown in FIG. 4 Reference current Irefl at the current connection ILC, however, is the case with Rectifier effect evaluation is harmless because - as will be explained in more detail below - the rectification effect detection by evaluating the output signal of FIG. 4 integrator circuit shown is performed, due to the averaging by the Integrator circuit the DC component Irefl or Iref2 is eliminated.

First, the rectification effect detection with the help of the present control circuit are explained in more detail. As with other lamps, gas discharge lamps occur due to wear and tear on the heating coil at the end of its service life Gas discharge lamps have the effect that the lamp electrodes change over time wear unevenly, i.e. the removal of the emission layers on the Lamp electrodes are different. Due to the different wear of the Lamp electrodes produce differences in the emissivity of the two Lamp electrodes. This has the consequence that when operating the corresponding Gas discharge lamp from one lamp electrode to another flows a higher current than vice versa. The time course of the lamp current thus shows an increase Half wave on. Due to the different removal of the two lamp electrodes This creates asymmetries that not only lead to a stronger flicker of light Lead the end of the life of the gas discharge lamp, but even in extreme cases one Only allow operation of the gas discharge lamp during a half-wave. In this case the gas discharge lamp acts like a rectifier, so that the effect described above is referred to as the "rectifying effect".

The previously explained rectification effect also has the consequence that the stronger worn electrode, which has a higher work function than the other electrode, heated up more than the other electrode when starting up the gas discharge lamp. As Work function is generally called the minimum energy required to solve a problem Electrons from a metal, in the present case from a lamp electrode, required is. The heating of the lamp electrode described above can be particularly important in the case of lamps with a small diameter become so strong that parts of the lamp glass bulb melt can.

Therefore, with the help of the present control circuit, each controlled lamp is switched on Occurrence of a rectification effect monitored so that when a Rectification effect can be reacted accordingly.

As has already been indicated, the actual one takes place Rectification effect detection not in the voltage detection block shown in FIG. 6 200, but in the current detection block 100, since for rectification effect detection Integrator circuit of the current detection block 100 and the downstream comparator 103 (cf. FIG. 4) is also used. In this way, the number of monitoring of the electronic ballast or the gas discharge lamp (s) required Components are reduced.

In the voltage detection block 200 shown in FIG. 6, only that takes place Signal processing of the measurement signal present at connection VL1. To this end the switch S207 is first closed in order to prevent the connection to the VL1 Raise alternating voltage signal positively. At the downstream coupling capacitor C201, however, can only handle the AC voltage part of the processed one Pass measurement signal. Therefore, the signal must again after the coupling capacitor C201 be raised, which after a certain settling time with respect to the Current source Iref2 takes place by closing a switch S201. It becomes the new one Raising the measurement signal is an internally defined one that is not influenced by the outside Reference voltage Vref8 used, which is thus known to the entire control circuit. In the case of the rectification effect evaluation, this internal reference voltage Vref8 lies - how has already been explained with reference to FIG. 4 - also on the integration amplifier Integrator circuit 105 on.

The switch S207 shown in FIG. 6 is advantageously switched on some time before expected zero crossing of the lamp voltage signal present at connection VL1 closed, so that transients caused by the capacitor C201 Cannot additionally falsify the measurement signal. Exactly to the calculated zero crossing of the Lamp voltage, switch S201 is opened again. That on the in Figs. 4 and 6 Switch S107 signal shown corresponds at this time to AC voltage amplitude at terminal VL1, while the DC component at the switch S107 applied signal corresponds to the added reference voltage Vref8. By Finally, as previously explained, closing switch S107 will thus prepared measurement signal of the connection VL1 that shown in Fig. 4 Integrator circuit 105 supplied. The switching state of the switch S107 is as well all other controllable switches of the entire control circuit IC2 from that in FIG. 3 phase control 900 shown controlled. The individual switches shown in Fig. 4 are closed or opened by the measuring phase control 900 in such a way that with With the aid of the comparator 103, an averaged over the upstream integrator circuit Evaluation of the current measurement signal present at the ILC connection or that at the connection VL1 applied voltage measurement signal is possible. Furthermore, the comparator 103 by corresponding actuation of the controllable switches of the one shown in FIG. 4 Current detection blocks 100 also bypassing the integrator circuit with the Current measurement terminal ILC are connected to thus the peak value of the current measurement signal evaluate or regulate at the ILC connection. As has already been explained predetermined by the measuring phase control 900, which of the measuring or. Control states are assumed.

That realized in the present control circuit IC2 Rectifier effect detection principle provides that the voltage connection VL1 detected lamp voltage with the aid of the integrator circuit of the one shown in FIG Current detection blocks 100 integrated and then the deviation from one predetermined target value is evaluated. In particular, that of the lamp voltage corresponding measurement signal over a full period or a multiple of a full period integrated the lamp voltage and then the deviation of the Integration result evaluated from the original integration start value. To this Purpose is the comparator 103 the integration start value by applying the corresponding reference potential Vref5 supplied. With the help of switch S124 you can the comparator 103 in the form of the further reference potentials Vref4 or Vref6 a positive limit or a negative limit for the Rectification effect detection can be specified. The potential Vref5 can, for example 3.0V, while as a positive reference potential Vref4 a value of 4.0V and as negative reference potential Vref6 a value of 2.0V can be used.

With the help of the evaluation circuit shown in Fig. 4, it is possible to Rectification effect can be seen in both positive and negative directions. The The output signal of the comparator shown in FIG. 4 in turn becomes the Measuring phase control 900 supplied, the one after detection of a rectification effect corresponding status message or error message to the one shown in FIG. 3 Sequence control 800 delivers. However, since not hasty for a rectifying effect should be closed, if this occurs only for a short time, leads Measuring phase control 900 an event-filtered revision of this error message and ensures that only then will an error message indicating the rectification effect be sent to the Sequence control 800 is output if the rectification effect is prolonged Period occurs continuously. In principle, this does not only apply to some Error message indicating rectification effect, but for all of the Measuring phase control 900 error or output to the sequence control 800 Status messages. The aforementioned revision of the rectification effect error message is particularly useful, however, because the Rectification effect is a creeping effect that occurs with a time delay. Therefore, the measurement phase controller 900 only provides a rectification effect error message the sequencer 800 if 32 times from the comparator 103 shown in FIG a rectification effect is detected successively every 255th period of the lamp voltage. As soon as no rectification effect has been detected during a period of the lamp voltage is the counter of the measuring phase control 900 assigned to the rectification effect reset to zero and with the evaluation of the rectification effect error signal of the Comparator 103 started again.

As will be explained in more detail below, the occurrence of a rectification effect only taken into account in the operating state of the electronic ballast, because for example, the occurrence of a rectification effect during the preheating phase is not Shutdown of the system.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Rectification effect detection in particular by the fact that during the individual half-waves the lamp voltage or the dependent clock pulse size (high-frequency) reference clock are counted and compared with each other, the counted clock pulses are dependent on the duration of the respective half-wave. If there is no rectification effect, they are correct during the positive and negative Half-waves counted clock pulses. If there is a rectification effect, give way however, the clock pulses counted during the positive and negative half-waves from each other.

11a shows a circuit implementation of this exemplary embodiment with an up / down counter 107, which receives a UZERO signal as the actual input signal and further receives a high-frequency reference clock signal CLK, for example with the frequency 10 MHz, as well as a reset or reset signal as control signals , The signal UZERO assumes a positive and otherwise a negative voltage level during each positive half-wave of the lamp voltage present at the connection VL1 and thus detects the zero crossing of the lamp voltage. The counter 107 is designed in particular as a 9-bit counter and is initialized to a medium counter reading, for example to the output counter value N ₀ = 255, when the reset signal is present. The counter 107 is started at the zero crossing of the lamp voltage and counts either up or down during the subsequent half-wave of the lamp voltage. When the measurement signal, ie the lamp voltage, reaches zero again after a half cycle, the counting direction of counter 107 is reversed. After a full period of the lamp voltage has elapsed, the current counter reading N of the counter 103 is connected to a comparator, which can be formed, for example, by the comparator 103 already described above. This comparator 103 compares the current counter reading N with the initialization value or the original counter reading of the counter 107. If there is no rectification effect, the counter reading N must have reached the output value N ₀ again after the next zero crossing of the lamp voltage. If, on the other hand, the counter reading N deviates from the initial value N ₀ , there is a rectifying effect. The comparator 103 advantageously compares the counter reading N with the initial value N ₀ within certain tolerance limits, in order not to prematurely conclude that there is a rectification effect. The output signal of the comparator 103 is fed via a D flip-flop 108 clocked by a latch signal to the measuring phase controller 900, which - as has been described above - evaluates this signal and in particular carries out an event-filtered evaluation, ie only then concludes that there is a rectification effect , if, for example, a rectification effect is reported by the comparator 103 32 times in succession every 255th period of the lamp voltage.

The zero crossing signal UZERO can, for example, from a further comparator 203 originate, the voltage measurement signal present at the voltage terminal VL1 monitored for its zero crossing. With the help of this Zero voltage comparator 203 is the entire integrated measuring system Control circuit IC2 cyclically with respect to the zero point of the lamp voltage synchronized. The synchronization advantageously takes place every other period the output frequency. An exception to this principle is the Rectification effects evaluation. In this case, the synchronization is based on the Integration carried out over a full period of the rectification effects evaluation Lamp voltage delayed by two more periods. The output signal of the Zero crossing comparator 203 is also fed to measuring phase controller 900 and is of central importance for the control of all controllable switches entire control circuit, the actuation of each at the zero crossing of the Lamp voltage is controlled.

FIG. 11 b shows a representation of the signal profiles in the circuit shown in FIG. 11 a in the absence of a rectification effect and the states that occur in the process. In particular, it can be seen from Fig. 11b that the zero crossing signal UZERO _assumes the positive level during the positive half-wave of the lamp voltage U _VL1 and the counter 107 decreases its counter reading N based on the initialization value N0 according to the reference clock CLK until the lamp voltage U _{VL1 passes through} zero _again , The counter reading N is then increased again. After a period of the lamp voltage U _VL1 , the latch signal outputs the output value of the comparator 103 to the measuring phase controller 900 via the D flip-flop 108, and then the counter 107 is reset to the initial value N ₀ using the reset signal. In the case shown in FIG. 11b, after a full period of the lamp voltage U _VL1, the counter reading N of the counter 107 again corresponds to the output value N ₀ , so that the comparator 103 reports no rectification effect.

11c and 11d, on the other hand, show courses of the counter reading N if there is a rectification _effect, the counter reading N being greater than N ₀ according to FIG. 11c or smaller than N ₀ according to FIG. 11d after a complete period of the lamp voltage U _VL1 , and thus the comparator 103 recognizes and reports the rectification effect by comparing N with N ₀ .

As has already been explained above, the comparison of the comparator N advantageously takes place within predetermined tolerance limits, which are defined by threshold values N _S1 and N _S2 according to FIG. 11d, ie the comparator 103 only outputs an output signal corresponding to the rectification effect if the following condition is not fulfilled: N _S2 ≤ N ≤ N _S1 .

The threshold values are advantageously selected asymmetrically in such a way that the distance between N _S1 and N _{0 is} greater than the distance between N ₀ and N _S2 (in particular twice as large), since the control behavior of the electronic ballast occurs when the rectification effect shown in FIG. 11d occurs always tries to compensate for the associated decrease in current by changing the frequency. In order to take this behavior into account, the sensitivity for the rectification _{effect detection} at counter readings N which are below the output value N ₀ after a full period of the lamp voltage U _{VL1 is} increased and the threshold value N _S2 is shifted closer to the output value N ₀ .

Another function block can be connected to the voltage connection VL1 Overvoltage detection of the lamp voltage must be connected (cf. the one in FIG. 6 shown arrow), the output signal of this function block Measuring phase control 900 can be supplied and, for example, again event-filtered (see the rectification effect evaluation explained above) into one corresponding error message to the sequencer 800.

The voltage detection block 200 shown in FIG. 6 includes another one Function block, which is provided for the detection of a lamp change. This Function block includes a sampling circuit 201, a switch S206 and one Comparator 202. This lamp change detection circuit enables detection a change of both the upper gas discharge lamp G1 shown in FIG. 1 and the lower gas discharge lamp G2. So far it was due to circuitry Difficulties only possible and known, by monitoring the lower ones Lamp filament of the lower gas discharge lamp G2 changes this lower one Monitor and detect gas discharge lamp G2. As soon as a change of lower gas discharge lamp G2 was detected, the entire system was restarted carried out. However, since a change in the upper gas discharge lamp G1 was not recognized replacement of this upper gas discharge lamp G1 was without immediate effect, i.e. there was no restart. A fitter could therefore it is difficult to recognize which of the two gas discharge lamps shown in FIG. 1 G1, G2 was actually defective, because even after replacing a faulty one Gas discharge lamp G1 no automatic restart was carried out, so that Fitter received no feedback as to whether the one he had replaced Gas discharge lamp G1 was actually defective.

With the help of the present lamp change detection circuit, it is now possible to the change of any connected to the electronic ballast To recognize gas discharge lamp G1, G2. As soon as a lamp change has been detected 3, this is done via the measurement phase controller 900 shown in FIG. 3, which is also shown in FIG. 3 schematically shown flow control 800 communicated so that after notification a lamp change can automatically restart the system. On Lamp replacement is particularly considered when a control circuit Lamp faults such as a gas defect that has been identified and reported. In this In this case, the fitter will try to replace the faulty lamp. First knows the fitter, however, does not know which of the on the electronic ballast connected gas discharge lamps G1, G2 is faulty. Therefore, he becomes one of these Replace connected gas discharge lamps. As soon as the Lamp change detection circuit of the voltage detection block shown in FIG. 6 200 has recognized a lamp change, the sequence control 800 shown in FIG. 3 becomes restart the system. Should a lamp error continue to be recognized or no ignition of all connected gas discharge lamps is possible Control circuit again into an error or lamp change detection state, without the connected gas discharge lamps can be operated continuously. For the fitter, this means that the gas discharge lamp he has replaced was either not faulty or there is another faulty gas discharge lamp. In this case the fitter has to connect another one to the electronic ballast Replace the connected gas discharge lamp. Should come on after changing a lamp successful restart of the system, this means for the installer that on the one hand the gas discharge lamp he replaced was faulty and that on the other hand, now all connected to the electronic ballast Gas discharge lamps are faultless. Overall, the Fault detection and troubleshooting for the fitter significantly simplified since the Fitter immediately after changing a gas discharge lamp due to a successful or unsuccessful system reboots can decide whether everyone should Lamps connected to the system are faultless or not.

With the aid of the lamp change detection circuit shown in FIG Lamp change recognized that a to the load circuit from the inverter Supply voltage of certain frequency applied and in this regard Settling behavior of the load circuit is evaluated. The assessment of the The transient response of the load circuit is again based on the Voltage connection VL1 present and proportional to the lamp voltage Measurement signal, this measurement signal being sampled several times and thus resulting from the applied characteristic voltage curve of the lamp voltage is assessed becomes.

The one applied to the load circuit in lamp change detection mode Supply voltage in particular has a relatively low frequency for example 40Hz. Furthermore, the lamp change detection mode only one of the two inverter switches T2, T3 (see FIG. 1) alternately with the aforementioned frequency on or off while the other Inverter switch remains permanently open during lamp replacement operation.

In the present exemplary embodiment, it is the upper inverter switch T2 that is permanently open, while the lower inverter switch T3 with the low one Repetition frequency of approx. 40 Hz is switched on and off alternately.

The function of the lamp change detection circuit shown in Fig. 6 is as follows.

As has already been explained, when a fault is detected, the lower inverter switch T3 of the inverter D shown in FIG. 1 is switched on and off with a low repetition frequency of approximately 40 Hz, while the upper inverter switch T2 remains permanently switched off. Because the inverter switch T3 is switched on and off, there is a certain transient response in the load circuit of the electronic ballast, which depends in particular on the gas discharge lamps connected to the electronic ballast. This transient response of the load circuit is reflected in the measurement signal detected via the input connection VL1, which is evaluated by the lamp change detection circuit. For this purpose, the sampling circuit 201 stores the current voltage value of the measurement signal present at the connection VL1 at certain times T ₁ -T ₃ . In principle, the third measurement at time T _{3 is} not absolutely necessary, but it does increase the reliability of the measurement against interference. The measurement process described above takes place after the inverter switch T3 has been opened and before it has been closed again.

After the measurement points have been recorded at times T ₁ - T ₃ , the result is temporarily stored in the downstream digital part (not shown in FIG. 6). The lamp change detection circuit is then reinitialized, ie a specific reference voltage Vref11 is switched on via switch S206 and a new sample value of the voltage signal at terminal VL1 is buffered in the sampling circuit 201. The comparator 202 thus carries out a double relative evaluation of the sample values stored in the sampling circuit 201, that is to say the difference between the sample value stored at time T ₁ and the sample value stored at time T ₂ and the difference between that at time T ₁ recorded sample value and the sample value stored at time T ₃ . This evaluation of the relative relationships between the individual sample values is advantageous compared to the evaluation of absolute measured variables, since additional components would be required to evaluate absolute measured variables.

FIG. 7a shows a time diagram of the profile of the voltage U _{VL1 present} at the connection VL1, the switching state of the inverter switch T3 and the switching state of the switch S206 shown in FIG. 6. Furthermore, the individual sampling times T ₁ , T ₂ and T _{3 are} indicated in FIG. 7a.

The evaluation of the comparison result provided by the comparator 202 between the samples at times T ₁ and T ₂ or T ₁ and T ₃ takes place in the measuring phase controller 900. On the basis of the transient process, that is to say on the basis of the sample values at times T ₁ - T ₃ formed voltage characteristic, it can be decided whether one of the gas discharge lamps has been removed during the lamp change detection operation and, if so, which of the gas discharge lamps has been removed. Furthermore, it can be assessed whether instead all lamp filaments of the individual gas discharge lamps are correctly connected to the load circuit, ie all lamps are connected without errors. 7b shows an example of the course of the characteristic curve of the voltage signal U _{VL1 present} at the connection _VL1 for three different cases. The characteristic curve a corresponds to the characteristic curve that arises when the upper gas discharge lamp G1 shown in FIG. 1 changes. The characteristic curve b corresponds to the characteristic curve when changing the lower gas discharge lamp G2 during the lamp change detection operation. The third characteristic curve c shown in FIG. 7b corresponds to the characteristic curve in normal operation without a lamp change, ie in the event that all lamps are connected. By evaluating or acquiring the characteristic of the voltage signal U _{VL1 present} at the connection VL1, the control _circuit can thus assess which of the connected gas discharge lamps G1, G2 has been replaced. This means that not only a change in the lower gas discharge lamp G2, but also a change in the upper gas discharge lamp G1 can be reliably detected. As soon as the control circuit detects a change in one of the gas discharge lamps connected to the electronic ballast, the system is automatically restarted in order to ignite the connected gas discharge lamps.

In practice, the control circuit IC2 is in when a lamp error occurs the transient behavior with regard to the occurrence of the characteristic curves Monitor a or b. As soon as the voltage at the connection VL1 according to a of these characteristics, this means that one of the connected Gas discharge lamps have been removed from their version for troubleshooting. The control circuit IC2 or sequence control 800 then goes into the actual one Lamp change detection state in which, as in the fault state, only the lower inverter switch T3 is opened and closed with 40Hz, for example, while the upper inverter switch T2 is permanently open. In this condition the control circuit IC2 waits for the appearance of the characteristic curve c, d. H. that instead of the removed lamp a replacement lamp has been used and now all Lamps are reconnected. The system then carries out a new or Restart through. This process will be described again later with reference to FIG. 9 explained.

8a and 8b show two variants of the circuit 300 shown in FIG Detection of a warm / cold start operation. Both variants have in common that always voltage potential present at the connection NP of the control circuit is evaluated and it is determined by comparison with a predetermined reference voltage Vref12 whether a warm or cold start is to be carried out. This comparison is made with the help a comparator 301 performed, the positive measurement input with the connection NP connected is. On the output side, the comparator 301 is connected to a state hold circuit 302 connected, which can be implemented for example by a D flip-flop. This State hold circuit 302 causes the output of comparator 301 only if there is a corresponding EN release signal for sequence control 800 is switched through and evaluated. This enable signal EN takes only when restarting or restarting the entire system, for example by Activation of a corresponding mains switch, briefly a high level. To at no later time does a signal change at the NP connection lead to a State change at the output terminal of the state hold circuit 302.

In the variant shown in FIG. 8a, by connecting a series resistor R _v either to the high supply voltage potential VDD or to the ground potential, it is possible to switch between a cold start and a warm start operation. If the series resistor R _{v is connected} to VDD, a cold start operation is activated, ie the connected gas discharge lamps are ignited without preheating operation. On the other hand, if the series resistor R _{v is connected} to the ground potential, a warm start operation is carried out, ie the connected gas discharge lamps are ignited with an upstream preheating operation for preheating the lamp electrodes. The comparator 301 can determine whether the resistor R _{v is connected} to the supply voltage potential VDD or the ground potential by monitoring the voltage potential at the connection NP. The evaluation of the comparator output signal finally takes place in the sequence control 800 shown in FIG. 3, which, depending on whether a cold start or warm start mode is selected, controls the gas discharge lamps without or with preheating operating states.

8b shows a variant of the circuit explained above, which has a dynamic Switching between a warm and cold start mode enabled. The in Fig. 8b The circuit shown corresponds essentially to the circuit shown in FIG. 8a, however except that a switch S301. is internally connected to the input terminal NP is provided, via which the supply voltage potential VDD to the Input connector NP can be applied while external to connector NP RC element consisting of the resistor R22 and already shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 Capacitor C17 is connected. As with the variant shown in FIG the comparator 301 the voltage potential present at the input terminal NP supervised. The operation of the circuit shown in Fig. 8b is as follows.

During normal operation of the electronic ballast, the switch is S301 closed, so that the capacitor C17 through the connected to the input terminal NP applied supply voltage potential VDD is charged. Does it happen (e.g. as a result of an error) to switch off the system or to switch the system supply from mains to emergency power operation, switch S301 is opened and the capacitor C17 discharges with the time constant defined by the RC element. Is in accordance with the norm the RC element advantageously designed such that the capacitor C17 the charge can hold as long that the voltage applied to the input terminal NP for a Duration of up to 400 ms longer than that applied to comparator 301 Reference voltage Vref12 is.

When the system is restarted or restarted, the release signal EN takes State hold circuit 302 goes high so that the comparison result of the Comparator 301 is turned on. Is that at that time Input terminal NP applied voltage potential is even greater than that Reference voltage Vref12, the sequence control 800 ensures that the connected gas discharge lamps without preheating operation and thus performs one Cold start through. On the other hand, is that applied to the input connection NP Voltage potential less than the reference potential Vref12, the connected Gas discharge lamps preheated and thus a warm start performed.

From the above description it can be seen that the Control circuit applied voltage potential depending on the duty cycle of the Switch S301 is synonymous with the operating time of the electronic Ballast is. This size is decisive for the state of charge of the Capacitor C17. Furthermore, the voltage potential at the input terminal is NP on the switch-off time of switch S301 or the duration of the emergency power operation of the electronic ballast and the time constant of the RC element. This Values are decisive for the discharge process of the capacitor C17.

The circuit shown in Fig. 8b thus leads depending on the duration of the switch-off time as well as a cold or warm start depending on the time constant of the RC element. By appropriately dimensioning the time constant of the RC element, the one Switch-off duration can be set that is just for a cold start operation connected lamps is sufficient. For this purpose, the RC element only has to do so be dimensioned that after charging the capacitor C17 and opening the Switch S301 the voltage potential applied to the input terminal NP straight even after the aforementioned switch-off period has elapsed, it is greater than the reference potential Vref12 of the comparator 301. However, the maximum permissible time is standard between switching to emergency power mode and restarting or restarting the electronic ballast without preheating the lamp electrodes to 400 ms established. Accordingly, the resistor R22 and the capacitor C17 are such to dimension that the previously mentioned time period of 400 ms is observed can.

Of course, instead of the RC element shown in Fig. 8b with the resistor R22 and the capacitor C17 any other energy storage circuit are used, which are dependent on that applied to the input terminal NP Supply voltage potential stores energy and deals with a certain Time constant discharges after disconnection of the supply voltage potential. This Energy storage circuit can thus contain any delay elements, as long as a defined and known temporal behavior of the delay element or Energy storage circuit is given.

The function blocks 400 and 500 shown in FIG. 3 are explained in more detail below become. The voltage regulator function block 400 generates an internally regulated, very precise supply voltage VDD for all internal function blocks that are also the Represents source for all required reference voltages. As can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2 is this internal supply voltage VDD via the connection VDD to the outside placed and over the external capacitor C7 with good radio frequency characteristics filtered. Due to the provision of the internal supply voltage VDD for all functional parts of the entire electronic ballast one Low-voltage level can be used, which is particularly advantageous for cost reasons.

The reference voltage generator 500 serves to generate all of them centrally Reference quantities for the control circuit IC2, i.e. to generate all reference potentials and reference currents.

The oscillator 600 shown in FIG. 3 is the central clock source for the whole Control circuit IC2. The oscillator 600 is designed so that no external Components are required. The basic clock of the oscillator is with the help of micro fuses to the desired value of, for example, 10 MHz with an accuracy of z. B. 4-bit matched. Via a digital input of the oscillator 600 Frequency of the clock generator to approx. 1/20 of the nominal clock rate, i.e. to about 550kHz, be reduced. This reduced clock rate is explained in more detail below is, for certain operating conditions, in particular for the error and Lamp change detection state needed, in which the supply energy is reduced must become. The time base generator 700 also shown in FIG. 3 generates dependent from the basic clock of the oscillator 600 several constant time intervals that are digital Outputs of the time base generator 700 the individual function blocks of the Control circuit IC2 are supplied. The sequencer function block 800 receives for example all the time reference quantities from the time base generator 700. All Time quantities generated by the time base generator 700 are a multiple of the Basic clock of the oscillator 600. The generated by the time base generator 700 The individual preheating times or the Include ignition time. These temporal reference values are as follows in more detail is explained, in particular for the temporal operating state control of the Control circuit IC2 of importance by the sequencer function block 800 is carried out.

The function of the sequential control system 800 is described in more detail below with reference to FIG. 9 are explained.

Flow control function block 800 controls the operation of the electronic Ballast, for example, according to the state diagram shown in FIG. 9. 9, each possible operating state is represented by a circle, while the individual arrows represent possible changes of state, which under Fulfillment of a condition associated with the two operating states occur. These conditions are specific to certain states or to certain states Monitoring quantities of the electronic ballast or the lamp (s) linked, these monitoring variables internally in the form of the sequence control 800 are processed by variables which depend on whether the monitoring variable is the appropriate state or not, for example the value "1" when ingested of the assigned state or "0" if the state is not taken. The Individual variables monitored by the sequencer 800 can, for example include time-based variables or error variables. Regarding the time based sizes, for example, the expiry of a commissioning time, a Preheat time, an ignition time or a delay time for the Rectification effect detection can be monitored. Regarding the error sizes can for example the occurrence of a capacitive current in the load circuit (via the Current detection block 100), the presence of an overvoltage on the connected Gas discharge lamp, the occurrence of a rectification effect or one unbalanced lamp operation, the absence of a lamp or that Occurrence of a synchronization error regarding the zero crossing of the Lamp voltage (each via the voltage detection block 200) are monitored. Furthermore, the output signal of the function block 300 can be monitored with whose help can be differentiated between a warm and a cold start operation can. Of course, any other monitoring parameters of the electronic ballast conceivable.

As has already been explained above, the individual error quantities are affected by the Blocks 100-300 shown in FIG. 3 are detected, but first there is one Processing by the measurement phase control function block 900 before the individual Error quantities are actually evaluated by the sequence control 800. To this Purpose contains the measurement phase control for each monitored error size digital event filter assigned to the corresponding error size. This digital In principle, event filters perform the function of a counter, which is the continuous occurrence of the corresponding error counts. An error message will appear only then from the corresponding event filter to the sequencer 800 passed on if the corresponding error has occurred n times in succession, where n corresponds to the filter depth of the corresponding digital event filter and for each Error size can be different. As soon as the error disappears when queried occurs, the counter status of the digital event filter is reset and the Counting process started again from the beginning. In this way it is ensured that the Sequencer 800 does not react too quickly to the occurrence of a specific error, and only then an operating state change due to a specific error message is carried out if it can be assumed with a relatively high degree of certainty that the corresponding error actually exists.

The digital event filter for the Rectification effect detection since the rectification effect is a creeping, i.e. error occurs slowly over time. So that's the rectifying effect assigned event filter dimensioned such that only when a Rectification effect closed and a corresponding error message to the Sequence control 800 is output if the measuring phase control 900 32 times a rectification effect is reported successively every 255th period of the lamp voltage becomes. Accordingly, the event filter assigned to the rectification effect includes one Filter depth of n = 32 x 255. On the other hand, for the detection of a capacitive current a filter depth of 64, for the detection of an overvoltage a filter depth of 3 and for the detection of a synchronization error as well as for the lamp change detection a filter depth of 7 each can be provided. Of course there are others too Filter depth values conceivable.

If one speaks in the following of the occurrence of a specific error case, then the corresponding error message from the measuring phase controller 900 to the Sequence control 800 after passing the correspondingly assigned event filter meant.

The initial state of the operating state control shown in FIG. 9 is the so-called. Reset state (state I). The system is in state I whenever the electronic ballast has been started or restarted what synonymous with the occurrence of the enable signal EN explained with reference to FIG. 8 is. To this end, the sequencer 800 may have a hysteresis Comparator include the external supply voltage signal VCC within certain limits are monitored and the enable signal EN is generated, if that Supply voltage signal VC within the required Supply voltage range is. The comparator monitors in this way at the same time switching the entire system on and off. The enable signal EN can thus asynchronous to all depending on switching the entire system on and off other signals occur, whereby after the release signal EN, i.e. after inclusion Reactivating the electronic ballast, balancing the individual Function blocks of the control circuit IC2 takes place. This comparison is done by reading the respective values for the individual micro fuses. These micro fuses are small Fuses, for example, for balancing the individual internal power sources serve. Furthermore, as has been explained with reference to FIG. 8, when the Enable signal EN reading the output signal of the shown in Fig. 3 Function blocks 300, so that it is determined at this time whether the connected gas discharge lamps with a cold or warm start in operation should be taken. Overall, the state I thus initializes the Control circuit IC2.

After the control circuit has been initialized, the sequence control 800 automatically goes into operation a commissioning state (state II). The transition from state I to state II is exceptionally not linked to certain conditions and is done automatically each time the electronic ballast is restarted or restarted. In state II the harmonic filter starts up or the load circuit of the electronic ballast. Furthermore, the coupling capacitor is in state II of the load circuit preloaded. In this phase, all error detectors are deactivated, i.e. there is no evaluation of the aforementioned error sizes.

A preheating condition III is started from condition II if e.g. a State II assigned commissioning time, which is the normal operating time of the State II denotes, has expired and from the functional block shown in Fig. 3 300 no cold start operation has been reported. However, the commissioning time is still not expired, the system remains in state II, which is shown in FIG. 9 one starting from state II and returning to state II Arrow is shown. Was a cold start operation detected by function block 300 and if the commissioning time has already expired, the sequence control 800 changes directly from state II to an ignition state IV, which was explained above Warm start operation corresponds.

In the first preheating state III, the inverter half bridge is driven in such a way that that it vibrates at the upper limit in frequency and, for example, a Output frequency of approximately 80 kHz is generated. In this state, the preheating control, overvoltage detection and capacitive current detection must be activated.

After a predetermined preheating time has expired in the previously mentioned Ignition state IV changed, if there is also no lamp overvoltage and none Capacitive current operation has been detected. During the ignition state IV are all Fault detectors of the control circuit with the associated event filters of the Measuring phase control function blocks deactivated. Accordingly, starting from this condition IV is also not an error condition VII, which will be explained in more detail below be jumped to. This means that the system remains in ignition state IV to Condition change condition for the transition to an operating state V is fulfilled.

In the ignition state IV, the operating frequency of the electronic inverter Ballast depending on the value of the detected lamp current and the States of overvoltage and capacitive current detection can be changed. Based on the operating point of the pre-heating mode Load circuit is tried with the help of the control variable "lamp current" First reduce the output frequency of the inverter, since the detected Lamp current because of the not yet ignited compared to the specified Setpoint is clearly too small. This control process continues until the Overvoltage detection or capacitive current detection the continuous reduction of the Inverter frequency prevented or counteracts this. Usually will first the overvoltage detection becomes dominant as an influencing factor. As a result of The dominance of overvoltage detection that now exists is now, as it were Lamp voltage regulated. This behavior changes until the lamp is ignited or nothing until the specified ignition time has elapsed. As a rule, however Ignite the gas discharge lamp before the specified ignition time has elapsed If the lamp current control becomes dominant again and the output frequency of the Inverter is reduced until it is determined by the lamp current reference value predetermined stable working point has been taken. The Capacitive current detection in ignition state IV is only in the event of a fault, e.g. when saturated of the resonant circuit choke L3 shown in FIG. 1, actively intervene in the ignition process. As soon as the capacitive current detection responds, the output frequency of the Inverter pushed up by the control circuit until another of the aforementioned influencing variables becomes dominant again during ignition operation IV. In addition, it should be pointed out here that during the ignition state IV of the control circuit of the control circuit IC2, for example only every eighth Period of the output frequency of the inverter a new setpoint / actual value comparison is carried out, since it has been found in practice that with the help of such a reduced regulator cycle, for example, the lamp voltage with a significantly lower ripple can be corrected.

The ignition state IV can be in the direction of the previously mentioned operating state V can only be left after the specified ignition time has elapsed. This change of state is in particular regardless of whether in ignition condition IV is still related to the ignition voltage or is already regulated based on the lamp current.

After reaching the operating state V shown in FIG. 9, as already explained has been regulated to the mean or effective value of the lamp current, i.e. the The output frequency of the inverter depends on the lamp current detected. During this operating state V is the overvoltage, capacitive current and Synchronization error detection activated, even during this state Control circuit only one every other period of the inverter output frequency carries out a new setpoint / actual value comparison. Likewise, the rectification effect detection (GLRE) must be activated. The operating state V is not limited in time, i.e. represents in Principle is an endless loop, and can only be activated if one of the activated error detectors are exited. Advantageously, during the Operating state V all error detectors of the control circuit activated.

If an error now occurs in one of the previously explained states III or V, which is caused by the corresponding condition-dependent activated error detector has been detected the fault state VII shown in FIG. 9 has started. This error condition is VII thus the central point of contact for all serious operational disruptions. The Fault state VII is jumped directly from preheating state III if overvoltage or capacitive current operation during these preheat conditions has been recorded. In contrast, the fault condition VII is based on the Operating state V started if capacitive current operation during this state, an overvoltage error, a synchronization error and / or the occurrence of a Rectification effect, etc. detected with respect to the connected gas discharge lamps has been.

Error state VII can start up simultaneously with, for example appropriate signaling of the respective error for the user. Error state VII is only exited by the sequential control system if after a Restart the system again using reset status I, commissioning status II started and the gas discharge lamps are put into operation again. Alternatively, the fault state VII can be left if it is detected in this state is that not all lamps connected to the electronic ballast have intact lamp filaments. This is equivalent to the fact that the Fault condition VII in the direction of that already mentioned Lamp change detection status VIII is exited as soon as one of the connected gas discharge lamps is removed from their socket. In addition, it should be noted that during fault condition VII the Operating current consumption of the control circuit reduced to a minimum possible value is.

In the fault state, the electronic ballast as in Lamp change detection state operated, d. H. it will be the bottom one Inverter switch T3 opened with a low frequency of, for example, 40 Hz and closed while the upper inverter switch is permanently open. How 6/7 has already been explained, the control circuit IC2 waits in Fault condition VII on the occurrence of the voltage characteristics a or b (see FIG. 7a) on Voltage measurement connection VL1, which is the removal of one of the connected Corresponds to gas discharge lamps G1, G2. In this case, the control circuit IC2 goes in the lamp change detection state VIII.

With the help of the lamp change detection method already explained above, the Control circuit both a change or a removal of the top Gas discharge lamp G1 and the lower gas discharge lamp G2 (see FIG. 1) Detect reliably and automatically recognize one after detecting a lamp change Restart the system. While it is checked in error state VII whether a the gas discharge lamp has been removed, is in the Lamp change detection state VIII monitors whether all gas discharge lamps are used. As soon as it has been recognized that all gas discharge lamps are used have been, i.e. all connected to the electronic ballast Lamp filaments are intact, will automatically return to commissioning state II switched and the gas discharge lamps again according to that shown in Fig. 9 Functional circuit put into operation. Even during the Lamp change detection status VIII are with the exception of Lamp change detection deactivated all other fault detectors.

Finally, the function of those shown in FIG. 3 is briefly described below Inverter control 1000 will be explained.

The inverter control function block 1000 is used to generate Control signals for the upper and lower inverter switches T2, T3 (see Fig. 1), which is output via the output connections OUTH or OUTL of the control circuit become. Depending on these control signals, the two inverter switches either turned on or open. As a rule, the inverter control generates 1000 alternating control pulses for the control connections OUTH or OUTL of the two inverter switches T2 and T3 and can also have an internal Have dead time counter function to ensure a sufficient dead time between the control of the two inverter switches. In the lamp change detection state VIII (see FIG. 9), the inverter control 1000 ensures that the upper Output connection OUTH the upper inverter switch T2 remains permanently open, while only the lower inverter switch T3 with a relatively low Frequency alternately opened via the lower output connection OUTL and is closed.

The inverter control 1000 ensures in particular an asymmetrical Duty cycle of the inverter switch, but this asymmetry with a Output frequency of the inverter of 43 kHz, for example, only 2.1% and at an output frequency of 80kHz is only 4% and therefore hardly significant falls. The generation of unbalanced output signals for the two Inverter switch leads to an increase in the frequency resolution of the Inverter, i.e. with the help of the control circuit, smaller frequency steps of the Inverter can be set.

However, the generation of an asymmetrical duty cycle also has the Effect that the so-called. "Walmen" of the connected gas discharge lamps changed can be. This Walmen is a deep one Temperatures occurring shortly after the start of the system effect of "running Layers "that indicate an uneven light distribution in the corresponding Return the gas discharge lamp. These "running layers" consist of light / dark zones, that run along the lamp tube at a certain speed. As is known for example from EP-B1-0490 329, this running effect can be caused by Superimposition of a low direct current can be accelerated so that it no longer is disturbing. The generation of an asymmetrical duty cycle by the This control circuit of the electronic ballast can prevent the occurrence of absorbed. Counteracting "Walmens".

As has already been explained above, with the help of the present control circuit an unbalanced duty cycle for the two during individual half-periods Inverter switch generated, however, the duty cycle over an entire period is averaged. Since only in the operating state V unbalanced output signals should be generated, the Inverter control 1000, for example, a corresponding control signal, which only then (e.g. by assuming a high level) the asymmetrical Enables operation if the system is in operating state V.

Claims (30)

1. Electronic ballast for the operation of at least one gas discharge lamp,
   having an inverter circuit (D) which is operated with a rectified supply voltage,
   having a load circuit (E), which contains at least one gas discharge lamp (G1, G2), and which is supplied with an a.c. voltage generated by the inverter circuit (D), and
   having a control circuit (IC2) for the control of the operation of the gas discharge lamp (G1, G2),
   whereby the control circuit (IC2) controls the gas discharge lamp (G1, G2) in accordance with particular predetermined operating states (I - VIII), monitors at least one particular state parameter of the electronic ballast or of the gas discharge lamp (G1, G2) and automatically changes from a momentary operating state into a new operating state if the monitored state parameter fulfils at least one particular condition associated with the momentary operating state,
   characterised in that,
   the inverter circuit (D) has two switches (T2, T3) controllable separately from one another, and
   in that the control circuit (IC2) includes inverter control means (1000) which generate control signals for the two switches (T2, T3) of the inverter circuit (D), in dependence upon the operating state of the control circuit (IC2), with a non-symmetrical duty ratio.
2. Electronic ballast according to claim 1,
   characterised in that,
   the control circuit (IC2) controls the gas discharge lamp (G1, G2) further in accordance with the momentary operating state if the at least one condition associated with the momentary operating state is not fulfilled.
3. Electronic ballast according to claim 1 or 2,
   characterised in that,
   the control circuit (IC2) monitors different state parameters in dependence upon the momentary operating state.
4. Electronic ballast according to any preceding claim,
   characterised in that,
   the control circuit (IC2) regards a condition associated with the momentary operating state as fulfilled only when the monitored state parameter takes up a particular state associated with the condition uninterruptedly for a number of timing periods associated with the condition.
5. Electronic ballast according to claim 4,
   characterised in that,
   the control circuit (IC2) includes digital event filters, whereby in each case an event filter is allocated to a monitored state parameter, and whereby each event filter counts the appearance of the particular state of the respective state parameter.
6. Electronic ballast according to claim 5,
   characterised in that,
   the control circuit (IC2) resets the count value of a digital event filter as soon as the monitored state parameter associated with the digital event filter does not take up the particular state.
7. Electronic ballast according to any preceding claim,
   characterised in that,
   the state parameters monitored by the control circuit (IC2) include time dependent parameters and/or fault parameters of the electronic ballast or of the gas discharge lamp (G1, G2), and
   in that the control circuit (IC2) includes time detection means (700, 800) for the monitoring of the time dependent parameters and/or fault detection means (100, 200) for the monitoring of the fault parameters.
8. Electronic ballast according to claim 7,
   characterised in that,
   the fault detection means (100, 200) include means for the detection of an overvoltage, a rectifier effect and/or a lamp voltage zero-crossing fault of the electronic ballast and/or means for the detection of a capacitive operation of the load circuit (E) and/or means for the detection of an exchange of the gas discharge (lamp G1, G2).
9. Electronic ballast according to any preceding claim,
   characterised in that,
   after each new start or re-start of the electronic ballast in a bringing into operation state (II) the control circuit (IC) so controls the electronic ballast that this is brought into an state ready for operation.
10. Electronic ballast according to claim 9 and claim 7 or 8,
    characterised in that,
    in the bringing into operation state (II) the control circuit (IC) monitors no fault parameters of the electronic ballast.
11. Electronic ballast to according to claim 9 or 10,
    characterised in that,
    after each new start or re-start of the electronic ballast the control circuit (IC2) enters the bringing into operation state (II) after automatically running through a reset state (I), whereby the control circuit (IC2) is initialised in the reset state (I).
12. Electronic ballast according to claim 11,
    characterised in that,
    selection means (300) are provided in order to select between a warm start operation and a cold start operation with regard to a pre-heating operation, whereby the control circuit (IC2) determines the selected kind of pre-heating operation in the reset state (I).
13. Electronic ballast according to any preceding claim,
    characterised in that,
    in a pre-heating state (III) the control circuit so controls the inverter (D) that a pre-heating current is supplied to the gas discharge lamp (G1, G2).
14. Electronic ballast according to claim 13,
    characterised in that,
    the control circuit (IC2) regulates the peak value of the pre-heating current in the pre-heating state (III, IV) and monitors as state parameter the appearance of a lamp overvoltage of the gas discharge lamp (G1, G2).
15. Electronic ballast according to claim 12 and either claim 13 or 14,
    characterised in that,
    in the bringing into operation state (II) the control circuit (IC2) monitors as state parameters the expiry of a predetermined bringing into operation time and the selection of the kind of pre-heating operation with the aid of the selection means (300), and
    in that the control circuit (IC2) changes from the bringing into operation state (II) into the pre-heating state (III) if the bringing into operation time has expired and the warm start operation is selected as the kind of pre-heating operation.
16. Electronic ballast according to any preceding claim,
    characterised in that,
    in an ignition state (IV) the control circuit (IC2) so controls the inverter circuit (D) that this applies to the gas discharge lamp (G1, G2) an ignition voltage for the ignition of the gas discharge lamp.
17. Electronic ballast according to claim 16 and claim 7 or 8,
    characterised in that,
    in the ignition state (IV) the control circuit (IC2) monitors no fault parameters of the electronic ballast.
18. Electronic ballast according to claim 16 or 17 and claim 13 or 14,
    characterised in that,
    in the pre-heating state (III) the control circuit (IC2) monitors as state parameters the expiry of a pre-heating time, the appearance of a lamp overvoltage and the appearance of a capacitive operation of the load circuit (E), and
    in that the control circuit (IC2) changes from the pre-heating state (III) into the ignition state (IV) if it is determined that the pre-heating time has expired and there is determined no appearance of a lamp overvoltage and no appearance of a capacitive operation of the load circuit (E).
19. Electronic ballast according to any preceding claim,
    characterised in that,
    the control circuit (IC2) so controls the inverter circuit (D) in an operational state (V) after the ignition of the gas discharge lamp (G1, G2) that an operational current is supplied to the gas discharge lamp (G1, G2) from the inverter (D).
20. Electronic ballast according to claim 19,
    characterised in that,
    in the operational state (V) the control circuit (IC2) regulates the average value of the lamp current of the gas discharge lamp (G1, G2).
21. Electronic ballast according to claim 19 or 20 and any of claims 16 to 18,
    characterised in that,
    in the ignition state (IV) the control circuit (IC2) monitors as state parameter the expiry of a predetermined ignition time, and
    in that the control circuit (IC2) changes from the ignition state (IV) into the operational state (V) if the control circuit (IC2) has detected the expiry of the ignition time.
22. Electronic ballast according to any of claims 19 to 21 and claim 7 or 8,
    characterised in that,
    the control circuit (IC2) remains in the operational state (V) until, through monitoring of particular fault parameters, the appearance of a fault in the electronic ballast is detected.
23. Electronic ballast according to any preceding claim,
    characterised in that,
    the control circuit (IC2) goes into a fault state (VII) if through monitoring of a state parameter the control circuit (IC2) has detected the appearance of a fault in the electronic ballast.
24. Electronic ballast according to claim 23 and any of claims 13 to 15 and any of claims 19 to 22,
    characterised in that,
    in the pre-heating state (III) the control circuit (IC2) monitors as state parameters the appearance of a lamp overvoltage and the appearance of a capacitive operation of the load circuit (E) and goes into the fault state (VII) if a lamp overvoltage or a capacitive operation of the load circuit (E) is detected, and
    in that in the operational state (V) the control circuit (IC2) monitors as state parameters the appearance of a lamp overvoltage, the appearance of a lamp voltage zero crossing error, the appearance of a capacitive operation of the load circuit (E) and the appearance of a rectifier effect in the gas discharge lamp (G1, G2) and goes into the fault state (VII) if the appearance of a lamp overvoltage, the appearance of a capacitive operation of the load circuit (E), the appearance of a lamp voltage zero crossing error or the appearance of a rectifier effect is detected.
25. Electronic ballast according to any preceding claim,
    characterised in that,
    in a lamp exchange recognition state (VIII) the control circuit (IC2) monitors the connection of the gas discharge lamp (G1, G2) to the electronic ballast.
26. Electronic ballast according to claim 25 and claim 23 or 24,
    characterised in that,
    in the fault state (VII) the control circuit (IC2) monitors the connection condition of the at least one gas discharge lamp (G1, G2) to the electronic ballast and goes into the lamp exchange recognition state (VIII) if the control circuit (IC2) has detected a separation of the gas discharge lamp (G1, G2) from the electronic ballast.
27. Electronic ballast according to claim 25 or 26 and any of claims 9 to 12,
    characterised in that,
    in the lamp exchange recognition state (VIII) the control circuit (IC2) monitors as state parameter the connection of the at least one gas discharge lamp (G1, G2) to the electronic ballast and goes into the bringing into operation state (II) if the control circuit (IC2) has determined the connection of all gas discharge lamps (G1, G2) to the electronic ballast.
28. Electronic ballast according to any of claims 25 to 27 and any of claims 23 to 24,
    characterised in that,
    in the fault state (VII) and in the lamp exchange recognition state (VIII) the control circuit (IC2) so controls the inverter circuit (D) that only one switch (T3) of the controllable switches is alternatingly switched on and switched off with a low frequency, whilst the other controllable switch (T2) is permanently opened.
29. Electronic ballast according to any preceding claim,
    characterised in that,
    the inverter control means (1000) are digitally implemented.
30. Electronic ballast according to any preceding claim,
    characterised in that,
    the control circuit (IC2) is configured as application specific integrated circuit.

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