EP1035402B1 - Device for artificially causing an avalanche - Google Patents
Device for artificially causing an avalanche Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1035402B1 EP1035402B1 EP00103199A EP00103199A EP1035402B1 EP 1035402 B1 EP1035402 B1 EP 1035402B1 EP 00103199 A EP00103199 A EP 00103199A EP 00103199 A EP00103199 A EP 00103199A EP 1035402 B1 EP1035402 B1 EP 1035402B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- previous
- throttle element
- explosive
- mass
- safety
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/04—Arrangements for ignition
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B39/00—Packaging or storage of ammunition or explosive charges; Safety features thereof; Cartridge belts or bags
- F42B39/30—Containers for detonators or fuzes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for artificially causing an avalanche.
- Avalanches are generally originated by large amounts of snow that usually settles in the valleys below the mountain crest-line, where slopes are more marked and that, due to thermal variations or other stress, suddenly break off and fall downstream at increasing speed.
- Snow masses which can potentially cause avalanches, for reasons depending on the meteorological situations of the environment, can be essentially made up of masses of powdery snow possibly covered with a superficial icy layer originated by low temperatures.
- Another system consists in using an apparatus transported by helicopter, adapted to launch explosive charges on the snow.
- This apparatus is extremely expensive, very bulky and unsafe.
- gas-exp fixed systems, called “gas-exp”, which are capable of causing avalanches as a consequence of the explosion of a particular gas.
- EP-A-0 108 013 discloses a device according to preamble of present claim 1.
- the object of the present invention is that of solving the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art.
- an important purpose of the present invention is that of devising a device for artificially causing an avalanche, which could be extremely safe in that they are not subject to environmental stresses and are provided with an actuation system having two different safeties, an ignition-based one and a mechanical one, operating in cascade.
- Another purpose of the present invention is that of manufacturing a device for artificially causing an avalanche, using a type of explosive especially insensitive to any type of stress and which, in addition, should be provided with a double system for priming the explosive charge instead of a single one so as to guarantee a complete operation safety.
- a further purpose of the present invention is that of providing for a device for artificially causing an avalanche, which allow the recovery of the explosive charge, in the very remote case of explosion failure, in total safety conditions since the charge is not capable of accidentally blasting because of external pressures such as, for example, extraneous currents or shocks.
- Another purpose of the present invention is that of providing for a device for artificially causing an avalanche, which would be extremely easy to use and have great flexibility of use since the explosive mass can be of different weight according to the situation.
- a further purpose of the present invention is that of providing for a device for artificially causing an avalanche, which allow to transporting the explosive charge by helicopter and releasing it in extremely fast and safe way, allowing to placing the explosive charge in the selected point, thus optimising the effects of the explosion and preventing the explosive charge from moving from where it has been placed, even in case of very leaning slopes and icy snow.
- Another purpose of the present invention is that of providing for a device for artificially causing an avalanche, which is completely safe and prevents possible undesired explosions also in the remote case of accidental shocks or falls from the helicopter used to transport the explosive charge.
- a further purpose of the present invention is that of providing for a device for artificially causing an avalanche, to be used in a range of temperatures comprised between -40 and +70 °C, having an extremely simple structure together with a valid functionality and having a reasonable price, so as to be widely used at low prices.
- a device for artificially causing an avalanche comprising an explosive mass and a system for activating the same, that said actuation system comprising an actuator provided with first safety means insensitive to all types of electric currents, and to environmental stresses, and at least second safety means that can be actuated by said first safety means only when said device is placed on the fixed mass of snow, characterized in that the operation of said first safety means is ignition-based.
- the device for artificially causing an avalanche according to the invention referred to as a whole with the reference numeral 1
- the actuation system 3 comprises an actuator 4, provided with first safety means 5, insensitive to all types of electric current, and to environmental stresses, and at least second safety means 6, which can be actuated by the first safety means only when the device is arranged in the selected point of the mantle of snow so as to cause an avalanche in optimum conditions.
- Actuator 4 is provided with a hollow body having a cylindrical shape 7, suitably made of a biodegradable material, which can be closed on the upper side with an upper plate 8 and on the lower side with a lower plate 9 through a "bayonet" joint 19.
- the body 7 of the actuator is made of an extremely stiff and resistant material having a coefficient of thermal expansion which is practically equal to zero, and the ignition temperature is equal to about 430 °C.
- Body 7 does not shrink at low temperatures, and thus it allows adjusting the operation of the mobile mechanisms with minimal dimensional tolerance.
- the low ignition temperature causes an immediate combustion of the material on the explosion, and the formation of micro-fragments originated by the collapse of the structure, thus preventing environmental pollution.
- the operation of the first safety means 5 is ignition-based, free from any type of stress, including those due to electric currents.
- the first safety means 5 is defined by an igniter, and in particular by two frictioned igniters 9 that are connected to at least one fuse, and in particular, to two respective fuses 10, connected in turn to at least one detonator, and more precisely, to two detonators 11.
- each of the two portions of safety fuse 10 has a length of 100 centimetres and a combustion rate equal to 0.4 centimetres/second.
- Respective end portions of fuses 10 are connected to the frictioned igniters 9 inserted into respective holes 12 located on the upper plate 8.
- fuses 10 After exiting the body 7 of the actuator, fuses 10 are externally wound around it, and are housed at their opposed ends into horizontal cylindrical seats 13, where they are fixedly held inside the same seats as detonators 11.
- detonators 11 are provided in pairs to guarantee an ignition safety in at least one of them, and seats 13 are in reciprocal communication with one another so as to allow the blasting of both detonators also in the case one of them is not actuated by the relating fuse 10.
- the second safety means comprises a throttle element 15 having an elongated shape, which is provided with at least one explosive charge, or "booster”, referred to with 16, in one end portion.
- the lower plate 9 On its face, the lower plate 9 is provided with an aperture 20, which is occluded by the throttle element 15.
- the throttle element 15 is mobile from a first position wherein the explosive charge 16 is not aligned with the two detonators 11, and at least a second position wherein the explosive charge 16 is aligned with detonators 11.
- the throttle element is mobile from the second position to the first position and vice versa in contrast to and for the action of a mechanical timer 21.
- Timer 21 is provided with a quadrangular shaft 22 which engages in the relating seat 23 of the throttle element 15, which can rotate around pivot 24 located on the lower plate 9.
- the throttle element is held into the first position of non-alignment of the explosive charge 16 with detonators 11 thanks to the engagement of a split pin 25, which passes through hole 26 of the upper plate 8 and of the housing seat 27 of timer 21 to engage with a hole 28 located on the throttle element.
- timer 21 aligns the throttle element and thus, the explosive charge 16 with detonators 11, and consequently, with the explosive mass inserted by fusion into a cylindrical container 31 inside which, into seat 32, actuator 4 is housed.
- the explosive mass 30, which can be made up of trinitrotoluene or tritolite, is actuated by detonators 11 through the explosive charge 16 present on the throttle element 15 when the latter is in the second alignment position, through aperture 20, also with the explosive mass 30.
- the device also comprises some means to release container 31 from a helicopter, as a whole referred to with numeral 40, see figures 4 and 5, in the selected point of the mantle of snow, and adapted to cause the avalanche.
- release means 40 is adapted - as it will be better detailed hereafter - to actuate the mechanical timer 21, thus bringing the throttle element 15 into an armament position.
- the release means 40 comprises a "throwaway" cable 41, also made with a biodegradable material, and wound around a special roller arranged on the helicopter, which is provided at one end with the split pin or gudgeon 25 adapted to lock the throttle element 15 into the second position of non-alignment with detonators I 1 and with the explosive mass 30.
- the cable is provided with a slot 42 adapted to engage with a hook 43 hinged on the edge of container 31 and mobile in contrast to and for the action of, a pre-calibrated spring 44.
- slot 42 disengages from hook 43, which returns to its initial position thanks to spring 44.
- the device comprises anti-rolling means for the container; in particular, two bars 45 that are inserted into respective through holes 46 present on the same so as to create a hindrance to the rolling of container 31 along the mass of snow.
- container not shown, made up of steel sheets welded to one another, and also provided with a cover that is fixed to the body thereof through suitable means.
- the invention achieves the proposed purposes, obtaining several important advantages.
- a device for artificially causing an avalanche which carry out the priming steps in a totally mechanical-igniferous way, so as to prevent the explosive charge from running the risk of untimely explosions caused by all types of extraneous currents that can generate in high-mountain environments and in a helicopter.
- the explosive charge is available with different weights of the explosive mass.
- actuator 4 is provided with an additional safety made up of a split pin 80 adapted to hold the throttle element 15 into position, locked into the first position.
- container 31 can be provided with horizontal ribs 81 for the purpose of having a greater surface resistance and for holding the explosive it contains, inserted by fusion, with greater efficacy.
- a metal mass 83 weighing about 1 kg, is provided at the end of cable 41, and a half ring 84 is provided in the lower side of said metal mass.
- the cable Spaced from the metal mass, the cable is also provided with three safety hooks 85, the first two of which are connected to igniters 9 so as to actuate them when the explosive charge is laid on the snow through cable 41, instead of activating it onboard of the helicopter.
- the third hook is connected to split pin 80, which is disconnected from its seat during the cable recovery and the actuation of the igniters.
- the materials, shapes and dimensions used can be of any type according to the needs.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
- Input Circuits Of Receivers And Coupling Of Receivers And Audio Equipment (AREA)
- Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
- Current-Collector Devices For Electrically Propelled Vehicles (AREA)
- Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
- Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT1999MI000493A IT1311085B1 (it) | 1999-03-11 | 1999-03-11 | Dispositivo e procedimento per provocare artificialmente una valanga |
ITMI990493 | 1999-03-11 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1035402A2 EP1035402A2 (en) | 2000-09-13 |
EP1035402A3 EP1035402A3 (en) | 2001-02-28 |
EP1035402B1 true EP1035402B1 (en) | 2004-10-20 |
Family
ID=11382236
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00103199A Expired - Lifetime EP1035402B1 (en) | 1999-03-11 | 2000-02-17 | Device for artificially causing an avalanche |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1035402B1 (it) |
AT (1) | ATE280384T1 (it) |
DE (1) | DE60014993T2 (it) |
ES (1) | ES2231059T3 (it) |
IT (1) | IT1311085B1 (it) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2287559A2 (de) | 2009-08-18 | 2011-02-23 | Geräte- und Vorrichtungsbau Spitzner OHG | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Auslösen von Lawinenabgängen |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2897931B1 (fr) * | 2006-02-24 | 2008-05-09 | Technologie Alpine De Securite | Dispositif de declenchement d'avalanche |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1980001511A1 (fr) * | 1979-01-19 | 1980-07-24 | P Schroecksnadel | Procede et dispositif de declenchement controle d'avalanches |
FR2535045A1 (fr) * | 1982-10-26 | 1984-04-27 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Projectile declencheur d'avalanches |
GB2151759B (en) * | 1983-12-22 | 1988-04-20 | Mp Compact Energy Ltd | Demolition device and method of preparing same |
IL81199A0 (en) * | 1987-01-08 | 1987-09-16 | Israel State | Modular demolition charge unit |
CH675023A5 (it) * | 1988-01-12 | 1990-08-15 | Zermatt Air Ag | |
DE9016841U1 (it) * | 1990-12-13 | 1992-04-16 | Gebrueder Junghans Gmbh, 7230 Schramberg, De | |
DE4302252C1 (en) * | 1992-02-24 | 1993-09-09 | Franz 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen De Wendl | System for artificially triggering snow avalanches from helicopter - involves lowering explosive means from helicopter by special electrical cable with load reception housing, distance holder and detonator. |
EP0690285A1 (de) * | 1994-06-29 | 1996-01-03 | Air Zermatt | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Auslösen von Lawinen mittels Explosivladungen |
DE59609540D1 (de) * | 1996-03-26 | 2002-09-12 | Innova Patent Gmbh Wolfurt | Einrichtung zum Auslösen einer Lawine od. dgl. |
-
1999
- 1999-03-11 IT IT1999MI000493A patent/IT1311085B1/it active
-
2000
- 2000-02-17 ES ES00103199T patent/ES2231059T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-02-17 AT AT00103199T patent/ATE280384T1/de active
- 2000-02-17 EP EP00103199A patent/EP1035402B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-02-17 DE DE60014993T patent/DE60014993T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2287559A2 (de) | 2009-08-18 | 2011-02-23 | Geräte- und Vorrichtungsbau Spitzner OHG | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Auslösen von Lawinenabgängen |
DE102009037705A1 (de) | 2009-08-18 | 2011-03-03 | Geräte- und Vorrichtungsbau Spitzner OHG | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Auslösen von Lawinenabgängen |
DE102009037705B4 (de) * | 2009-08-18 | 2014-03-27 | Geräte- und Vorrichtungsbau Spitzner OHG | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Auslösen von Lawinenabgängen |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1035402A2 (en) | 2000-09-13 |
EP1035402A3 (en) | 2001-02-28 |
ITMI990493A1 (it) | 2000-09-11 |
ATE280384T1 (de) | 2004-11-15 |
IT1311085B1 (it) | 2002-02-28 |
DE60014993D1 (de) | 2004-11-25 |
ES2231059T3 (es) | 2005-05-16 |
DE60014993T2 (de) | 2006-02-09 |
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