EP1035373B1 - Grate system for a fuel fired boiler - Google Patents

Grate system for a fuel fired boiler Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1035373B1
EP1035373B1 EP00104734A EP00104734A EP1035373B1 EP 1035373 B1 EP1035373 B1 EP 1035373B1 EP 00104734 A EP00104734 A EP 00104734A EP 00104734 A EP00104734 A EP 00104734A EP 1035373 B1 EP1035373 B1 EP 1035373B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grate system
cheeks
ridge
plates
grate
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EP00104734A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1035373A1 (en
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EEE EUROPEAN ENGINEERING & ENVIRONMENT SAH
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Eee European Engineering & Environment Sah
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23HGRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H7/00Inclined or stepped grates
    • F23H7/06Inclined or stepped grates with movable bars disposed parallel to direction of fuel feeding
    • F23H7/08Inclined or stepped grates with movable bars disposed parallel to direction of fuel feeding reciprocating along their axes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23HGRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H17/00Details of grates
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23HGRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H3/00Grates with hollow bars
    • F23H3/02Grates with hollow bars internally cooled

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a grate system for a fuel boiler consisting of steps arranged in the longitudinal direction of the grate system Plates.
  • a grate system for a fuel boiler consisting of steps arranged in the longitudinal direction of the grate system Plates.
  • Such a grate system is known from DE-C-40 00 973.
  • DE-PS 40 00 973 is a grate and a built up with it
  • Fuel boiler described in the longitudinal direction of the grate system a number of plates arranged successively in steps are. Part of the plates are fixed to one first bracket attached and the other plates are movable mounted on a second bracket. The attachment of each plate its holder is height adjustable. This can different gaps for the passage of combustion air can be set.
  • the movable plates are in Longitudinally movable back and forth of the grate system. hereby the firing stock can continuously from the entry end to Exit end of the fuel boiler are transported.
  • EP 811 803 A2 describes a grate element with liquid-cooled Rust described. It is suggested that the coolant through straight-line channels in the grids across the longitudinal direction the grate elements is guided. On the side edges of the grids is an inflow and outflow as well as diversions between the Channels provided. The coolant flow is selected so that the Channels operated either in series or in parallel can be. As a result, the cooling capacity can meet the requirements be determined accordingly.
  • EP 621 449 describes a liquid-cooled grate element where the cooling water is meandering through a Cavity in which the grate is guided.
  • a firing grate is included
  • Cross grate bars described alternately fixed to the grate plates and can be moved back and forth in the longitudinal direction, the grate plates are arranged in steps.
  • the grate plates are Channels for blowing combustion air into the combustion chamber arranged.
  • Two rust plates lying side by side meet with their side faces together, the end faces two Have slopes. This results in a thorough mixing of the solid fuels.
  • EP 0 246 981 A1 describes a grate system with side by side Grate elements described. Between the grate elements cheek elements are arranged that interlock. Between A spring is arranged on the cheeks, through which a side Movement of the grate plates can be compensated. The cheek elements interlock so that parts of the combustion material not in the space between the grate plates or between the cheek parts can fall.
  • EP 0 004 072 A2 discloses a grate system in which the Grate plates also arranged one above the other in steps are. Between grate plates lying side by side in the transverse direction interlocking side walls are provided which allow movement to each other without jamming.
  • the sidewalls each have a curved roof, with the Roofs of the side walls lying side by side overlap. By this overlap creates a small gap towards one Side of the combustion chamber.
  • a grate system for a fuel boiler create the step-shaped in the longitudinal direction of the grate system arranged plates, whereby the grate system is a controlled and complete combustion of high-calorific fuels with high temperatures.
  • a grate system is the beginning mentioned type characterized in that at least two plates are arranged side by side in the transverse direction and that ridge cheeks provided between the adjacent plates are, the ridge cheeks outlet openings for gases and gas mixtures to have.
  • each of the grates independently can be heated.
  • the grids can be kept smaller and ideally adapted to the required combustion performance become.
  • air outlet openings in the ridge cheeks air can also be supplied within the combustion chamber, so that optimal combustion performance can be achieved.
  • the ridge cheek a dome-shaped cover plate in cross section, so that a spatial separation of the combustion chamber takes place in the fuel boiler.
  • the cover plate should also be in the longitudinal direction of the combustion chamber inclined and thus to the successive steps Panels that adjoin the ridge cheeks can be adapted.
  • the ridge cheeks each have a nose of the front and rear faces, with the noses so are arranged that the lugs in the longitudinal direction of the combustion chamber adjacent cheeks are one above the other and the Ridge cheeks mesh with it. Through the noses is one sufficient ridge cheek play allows so that the Thermal expansion of the ridge cheeks does not have a negative effect.
  • the outlet openings are advantageously at the rear Front surface below the cover plate and on the side surfaces arranged above the adjacent panels. With that the main combustion zones of the grates depending on the fuel adequately ventilated by additional combustion air. To the Reduce thermal NOx formation, especially at medium and high calorific fuels and the occurring higher combustion temperatures, it is advantageous when flue gases enter the outlet openings Combustion chamber can be returned.
  • the ventilation of the combustion chamber can be further improved, by side cheeks adjacent to the free side walls of the Plates are arranged.
  • the side panels should have outlet openings above the adjacent panels. So that can Flue gases or additional air both over the cross section of the combustion chamber as well as from the side wall.
  • the sidewalls should have vertical webs that act as supports serve for the side walls and as feed channels.
  • the side cheeks or the ridge cheeks are advantageous carried by channels running lengthways along the pipe system are arranged.
  • the channels are preferably as load-bearing element designed so that flue gas or additional air to the outlet openings in the side panels and / or ridge panels can be directed.
  • the plates are advantageous for this formed as a hollow body and in the plates helical guide and stabilizing ribs are provided. Each plate has an inlet connected to the hollow body and an outlet for the coolant.
  • the control of the temperature of the grate is independent of the supplied combustion air, so that the combustion air can be fed in stages such that the combustion stops or substoichometric as pyrolysis with afterburning or overstoichometric can take place in the combustion chamber.
  • Gases, gas mixtures and all hydraulic can be used as a secondary cooling medium Media are used, provided their viscosity this allows and the purpose of cooling is fulfilled.
  • the inlet or the outlet for connecting the cooling medium is advantageously located below the grate plate, the direction of flow is freely selectable. Through the spiral channel the cooling medium advantageously distributed evenly in the plate and the cooling flow is stabilized.
  • a heat exchanger for the Coolant wherein the coolant discharged Energy supplied to a feedstock for rust combustion becomes. This allows the energy e.g. continues to promote combustion be used by supplying them to the combustion air becomes. The energy can also be supplied to the fuel for drying be used, or used to heat up the condensate.
  • a particularly complete and controlled combustion of the Fuel is made possible by the fact that every second plate in Longitudinally reciprocable and with a corresponding Drive is provided, the fixed plates on a common first bracket and the movable plates on a common second bracket are attached and the attachment each plate is height adjustable on its bracket. Thereby can the space between the stepped Plates freely selectable and the air supply quantity according to the Requirement can be set in the combustion chamber. Through the movement Every second plate is prevented from burning the rust falls through.
  • ridge cheeks and the side cheeks are rigid.
  • the ridge cheek 1 shows a cross section of a ridge cheek 1, the one cover plate 2 inclined in the longitudinal direction of the combustion chamber reveals.
  • On the front face 3 and the rear Front surface 4 are provided lugs 5 and 6, respectively. It is recognizable that the level of the noses 5 and 6 is different, so that the noses of adjacent ridge cheeks one above the other lie.
  • the ridge cheek 1 has webs 7 through which the ridge cheeks can be carried and the channels for gases and gas mixtures form.
  • FIG. 2 leaves the lateral outlet openings 9 on the side surfaces recognize the ridge cheek 1 with a feed channel 10 for gases and gas mixtures in the interior of the ridge cheek 1 in Connect.
  • the side outlet openings 9 should lie above the panels adjacent to the ridge cheek 1, which are not shown.
  • FIG. 3 shows a front view of the rear front surface 4 recognize the ridge cheek 1. It can be seen that the cover plate 2 is dome-shaped in cross section of the ridge cheek. Farther is the radially curved air outlet opening corresponding to the dome shape 8 recognizable.
  • the ridge cheeks 1 are preferably made of cast steel.
  • the feeder the flue gases or supply air to the ridge cheeks 1 are carried out with channels, not shown, in the longitudinal direction of the combustion chamber are arranged. These channels are preferably shaped that they are adapted to the webs 7 of the ridge cheeks 1 and these wear.
  • FIG. 4 shows a side cheek 11 which is attached to the free one Adjoin the side walls of the panels.
  • the side cheek 11 has outlet openings 12, which are preferably above the to the Sidewall 11 adjacent plates are.
  • the side cheeks 11 are carried by webs 13, which also serve as feed channels are trained.
  • On the upper side edge of the side cheeks 11 is preferably a groove 14 on one and one corresponding spring 15 is provided on the other side, so the side cheeks 11 are arranged side by side can be.
  • the side cheek 11 is shown in cross section in FIG. There are the conical outlet opening 12 and the inclined ones To recognize webs 13. On the back of the side cheek A tab 16 is provided around the side cheek 11 to hang on a carrier, not shown.
  • a plate 17 consists of a first Casting 18 with guide and stabilizing ribs running transversely to the plate 17 19.
  • first casting 18 In the first casting 18 are holes for an inlet 20 and an outlet 21 for introduction and discharge provided by coolant in or out of the cavity of the plate 17.
  • Figure 6 also shows that a second part 22 inserted into the first casting 18 and welded to it is.
  • the second part 22 has corresponding guide and stabilizing ribs 23, together with the guide and stabilizing ribs 19 of the first casting 18 a meandering Form channel in plate 17.
  • the plate 17 is shown in longitudinal section in FIG. It it can be seen that the guide and stabilizing ribs 19, 23 channels 24 are created for coolant. It can also be seen that a mounting bracket 25 is provided below the plate 17 is to the plate 17 to a bracket, not shown to assemble.
  • the bracket can either be fixed or back and forth with a drive in the longitudinal direction of the combustion chamber be moved. By moving the plate is advantageous transport of the firing material through the combustion chamber is possible.
  • the structure of the plate 17 is represented by that in FIG Cross section through the plate 17 can be seen in further detail. It can be seen that the abutting edge 26 of the first casting 18 is inclined at an angle a.
  • the plates 17 are stepped in a manner not shown stacked in the longitudinal direction of the combustion chamber, as it is in principle already shown in DE-PS 40 00 973 and detailed is described. At least two of these successively in steps Panel tracks are placed side by side in the combustion chamber arranged, one between the plates 17 in the longitudinal direction Step-by-step arrangement of ridge cheeks 1 is provided. Laterally on the free side ends of the plates 17 each adjoins a row of side walls 11.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Rostsystem für einen Brennstoffkessel bestehend aus in Längsrichtung des Rostsystems stufenförmig angeordneten Platten. Ein derartiges Rostsystem ist aus der DE-C- 40 00 973 bekannt.The invention relates to a grate system for a fuel boiler consisting of steps arranged in the longitudinal direction of the grate system Plates. Such a grate system is known from DE-C-40 00 973.

In Verbrennungsöfen, denen der Brennstoff kontinuierlich oder intermittierend zugeführt wird, wird eine möglichst vollständige Verbrennung des Brennstoffs angestrebt, um den Ascheanfall möglichst klein zu halten. Hierfür ist es erforderlich, den Brennstoff relativ lange auf dem Rost verweilen zu lassen, um die für die vollständige Verbrennung benötigte Brenndauer zur Verfügung zu stellen. Um dabei gleichmäßige Verbrennungsbedingungen zu erzeugen ist es erforderlich, den Brennstoff auf dem Rost von einem Ende zum anderen zu transportieren, damit frischer Brennstoff nachgefördert werden kann, so daß sich ein einigermaßen gleichförmiger Zustand einstellt. Bei dem Transport des Brennstoffs von einem Ende des Rostes zum anderen ist anzustreben, daß kein Brennstoffanteil vor Erreichen des ascheseitigen Endes des Rostes durch den Rost hindurchfallen kann, da der hindurchfallende Brennstoff möglicherweise noch nicht vollständig verbrannt ist.In incinerators where the fuel is continuous or fed intermittently will be as complete as possible Combustion of the fuel aimed at reducing the amount of ash to keep small. This requires the fuel to let it rest on the grate for a relatively long time the complete combustion required burn time available to deliver. To ensure even combustion conditions It is necessary to produce fuel on the grate one end to the other to transport fresh fuel can be promoted, so that a reasonably sets uniform state. When transporting the fuel from one end of the grate to the other, that no fuel share before reaching the ash end of the grate can fall through the grate, since the one falling through Fuel may not be completely burned is.

In der DE-PS 40 00 973 ist ein Rost und ein damit aufgebauter Brennstoffkessel beschrieben, bei dem in Längsrichtung des Rostsystems eine Anzahl Platten stufenförmig aufeinanderfolgend angeordnet sind. Ein Teil der Platten sind feststehend an eine erste Halterung befestigt und die anderen Platten sind bewegbar an einer zweiten Halterung montiert. Die Befestigung jeder Platte an seiner Halterung ist höhenverstellbar. Hierdurch können unterschiedliche Zwischenräume für den Durchtritt von Verbrennungsluft eingestellt werden. Die beweglichen Platten sind in Längsrichtung des Rostsystems hin- und herbewegbar. Hierdurch kann das Brenngut kontinuierlich von dem Eintrittsende bis zum Austrittsende des Brennstoffkessels transportiert werden.In DE-PS 40 00 973 is a grate and a built up with it Fuel boiler described in the longitudinal direction of the grate system a number of plates arranged successively in steps are. Part of the plates are fixed to one first bracket attached and the other plates are movable mounted on a second bracket. The attachment of each plate its holder is height adjustable. This can different gaps for the passage of combustion air can be set. The movable plates are in Longitudinally movable back and forth of the grate system. hereby the firing stock can continuously from the entry end to Exit end of the fuel boiler are transported.

Zur Verbrennung hochkoleriger Brennstoffe treten höhere Verbrennungstemperaturen auf, die zu einer thermischen Überlastung des Rostplattenmaterials des beschriebenen Rostsystemes führen. Zur Erhaltung der optimalen Verbrennung kann die Luftzufuhr nur begrenzt erhöht werden. Dies bedingt andererseits eine unzureichende Kühlung der Rostplatten.Higher combustion temperatures occur for the combustion of high-tolerance fuels on, which leads to a thermal overload of the Guide the grate plate material of the grate system described. to Maintaining optimal combustion can only limit the air supply increase. On the other hand, this requires an inadequate one Cooling the grate plates.

In der EP 811 803 A2 ist ein Rostelement mit flüssigkeitsgekühlten Rosten beschrieben. Es wird vorgeschlagen, daß das Kühlmittel durch geradlinige Kanäle in den Rosten quer zur Längsrichtung der Rostelemente geführt wird. An den Seitenkanten der Roste ist ein Zulauf und ein Ablauf sowie Umlenkungen zwischen den Kanälen vorgesehen. Der Kühlmittelfluß ist so gewählt, daß die Kanäle entweder in Reihen oder in Parallelschaltung betrieben werden können. Hierdurch kann die Kühlleistung den Anforderungen entsprechend festgelegt werden.EP 811 803 A2 describes a grate element with liquid-cooled Rust described. It is suggested that the coolant through straight-line channels in the grids across the longitudinal direction the grate elements is guided. On the side edges of the grids is an inflow and outflow as well as diversions between the Channels provided. The coolant flow is selected so that the Channels operated either in series or in parallel can be. As a result, the cooling capacity can meet the requirements be determined accordingly.

In der EP 621 449 ist ein flüssigkeitsgekühltes Rostelement beschrieben, bei dem das Kühlwasser mäanderförmig durch einen Hohlraum in dem Rost geführt wird. EP 621 449 describes a liquid-cooled grate element where the cooling water is meandering through a Cavity in which the grate is guided.

In dem europäischen Patent 277 053 B1 ist ein Feuerungsrost mit Querroststäben beschrieben, bei dem Rostplatten abwechselnd fest und in Längsrichtung hin und her bewegbar sind, wobei die Rostplatten stufenförmig angeordnet sind. In den Rostplatten sind Kanäle zum Ausblasen von Verbrennungsluft in den Verbrennungsraum angeordnet. Zwei nebeneinander liegende Rostplatten stoßen mit ihren Seitenflächen aneinander, wobei die Stirnflächen zwei Schrägen aufweisen. Hierdurch erfolgt eine Durchmischung der festen Verbrennstoffe.In the European patent 277 053 B1, a firing grate is included Cross grate bars described, alternately fixed to the grate plates and can be moved back and forth in the longitudinal direction, the grate plates are arranged in steps. In the grate plates are Channels for blowing combustion air into the combustion chamber arranged. Two rust plates lying side by side meet with their side faces together, the end faces two Have slopes. This results in a thorough mixing of the solid fuels.

In der EP 0 246 981 A1 ist ein Rostsystem mit nebeneinander liegenden Rostelementen beschrieben. Zwischen den Rostelementen sind Wangenelemente angeordnet, die ineinandergreifen. Zwischen den Wangen ist eine Feder angeordnet, durch die eine seitliche Bewegung der Rostplatten ausgeglichen werden kann. Die Wangenelemente greifen so ineinander, dass Teile des Verbrennungsgutes nicht in den Zwischenraum der Rostplatten bzw. zwischen die Wangenteile fallen können.EP 0 246 981 A1 describes a grate system with side by side Grate elements described. Between the grate elements cheek elements are arranged that interlock. Between A spring is arranged on the cheeks, through which a side Movement of the grate plates can be compensated. The cheek elements interlock so that parts of the combustion material not in the space between the grate plates or between the cheek parts can fall.

In der EP 0 004 072 A2 ist ein Rostsystem offenbart, bei dem die Rostplatten ebenfalls stufenförmig übereinanderliegend angeordnet sind. Zwischen in Querrichtung nebeneinanderliegenden Rostplatten sind ineinandergreifende Seitenwangen vorgesehen, die eine Bewegung zueinander erlauben, ohne zu verklemmen. Die Seitenwangen haben jeweils ein gekrümmtes Dach, wobei sich die Dächer der nebeneinanderliegenden Seitenwangen überlappen. Durch diese Überlappung entsteht ein kleiner Spalt in Richtung einer Seite des Verbrennungsraumes.EP 0 004 072 A2 discloses a grate system in which the Grate plates also arranged one above the other in steps are. Between grate plates lying side by side in the transverse direction interlocking side walls are provided which allow movement to each other without jamming. The sidewalls each have a curved roof, with the Roofs of the side walls lying side by side overlap. By this overlap creates a small gap towards one Side of the combustion chamber.

Diese gekühlten Rostelemente können zwar mit hohen Temperaturen betrieben werden. Die Belüftung des Brennraums kann aber nicht so gesteuert werden, daß eine optimale vollständige Verbrennung gewährleistet ist.These cooled grate elements can withstand high temperatures operate. The ventilation of the combustion chamber cannot be controlled so that optimal complete combustion is guaranteed.

Ausgehend von diesen bekannten Rostelementen war es die Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Rostsystem für einen Brennstoffkessel zu schaffen, der aus in Längsrichtung des Rostsystems stufenförmig angeordneten Platten besteht, wobei das Rostsystem eine kontrollierte und vollständige Verbrennung von hochkalorigen Brennstoffen mit hohen Temperaturen ermöglichen sollte.Based on these known grate elements, it was the task the invention, a grate system for a fuel boiler create the step-shaped in the longitudinal direction of the grate system arranged plates, whereby the grate system is a controlled and complete combustion of high-calorific fuels with high temperatures.

Ausgehend von dieser Aufgabe ist ein Rostsystem der eingangs erwähnten Art dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens zwei Platten in Querrichtung nebeneinander angeordnet sind und daß Firstwangen zwischen den nebeneinanderliegenden Platten vorgesehen sind, wobei die Firstwangen Austrittsöffnungen für Gase und Gasgemische haben.Based on this task, a grate system is the beginning mentioned type characterized in that at least two plates are arranged side by side in the transverse direction and that ridge cheeks provided between the adjacent plates are, the ridge cheeks outlet openings for gases and gas mixtures to have.

Durch die Firstwangen wird es erstmals möglich, Roste quer zum Brennraum nebeneinander anzuordnen, wobei jedes der Roste eigenständig beheizt werden kann. Die Roste können damit kleiner gehalten und ideal an die erforderliche Verbrennungsleistung angepaßt werden. Durch die Luftaustrittsöffnungen in den Firstwangen kann eine Luftzufuhr auch innerhalb des Brennraumes erfolgen, so daß optimale Verbrennungsleistungen erzielt werden können.The ridge cheeks make it possible for the first time to grate across Arrange combustion chamber next to each other, each of the grates independently can be heated. The grids can be kept smaller and ideally adapted to the required combustion performance become. Through the air outlet openings in the ridge cheeks air can also be supplied within the combustion chamber, so that optimal combustion performance can be achieved.

In einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsform hat die Firstwange eine im Querschnitt kuppelförmige Deckplatte, so daß eine räumliche Trennung des Brennraums in dem Brennstoffkessel erfolgt. Die Deckplatte sollte zudem in Längsrichtung des Brennraums geneigt und damit an die stufenförmig aufeinanderfolgenden Platten, die an die Firstwangen angrenzen, angepasst sein.In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the ridge cheek a dome-shaped cover plate in cross section, so that a spatial separation of the combustion chamber takes place in the fuel boiler. The cover plate should also be in the longitudinal direction of the combustion chamber inclined and thus to the successive steps Panels that adjoin the ridge cheeks can be adapted.

Es ist vorteilhaft, wenn die Firstwangen jeweils eine Nase an der vorderen und hinteren Frontfläche haben, wobei die Nasen so angeordnet sind, daß die Nasen von in Längsrichtung des Brennraums aneinander angrenzenden Wangen übereinanderliegen und die Firstwangen damit ineinandergreifen. Durch die Nasen ist ein ausreichendes Spiel der Firstwangen ermöglicht, so daß sich die Wärmeausdehnung der Firstwangen nicht nachteilig auswirkt.It is advantageous if the ridge cheeks each have a nose of the front and rear faces, with the noses so are arranged that the lugs in the longitudinal direction of the combustion chamber adjacent cheeks are one above the other and the Ridge cheeks mesh with it. Through the noses is one sufficient ridge cheek play allows so that the Thermal expansion of the ridge cheeks does not have a negative effect.

Die Austrittsöffnungen sind vorteilhafterweise an der hinteren Frontfläche unterhalb der Deckplatte sowie an den Seitenflächen oberhalb von den angrenzenden Platten angeordnet. Damit werden die Hauptbrennzonen der Roste in Abhängigkeit von dem Brennstoff durch zusätzliche Verbrennungsluft ausreichend belüftet. Um die Bildung von thermischen NOx zu verringern, die vor allem bei mittel- und hochkalorischen Brennstoffen und den dabei auftretenden höheren Verbrennungstemperaturen anfallen, ist es vorteilhaft, wenn Rauchgase durch die Austrittsöffnungen in den Brennraum zurückgeführt werden.The outlet openings are advantageously at the rear Front surface below the cover plate and on the side surfaces arranged above the adjacent panels. With that the main combustion zones of the grates depending on the fuel adequately ventilated by additional combustion air. To the Reduce thermal NOx formation, especially at medium and high calorific fuels and the occurring higher combustion temperatures, it is advantageous when flue gases enter the outlet openings Combustion chamber can be returned.

Die Belüftung des Brennraumes kann weiterhin verbessert werden, indem Seitenwangen angrenzend an die freien Seitenwände der Platten angeordnet sind. Die Seitenwangen sollten Austrittsöffnungen oberhalb von den angrenzenden Platten haben. Damit können Rauchgase oder Zusatzluft sowohl über den Feuerraumquerschnitt als auch von der Seitenwand zugesetzt werden.The ventilation of the combustion chamber can be further improved, by side cheeks adjacent to the free side walls of the Plates are arranged. The side panels should have outlet openings above the adjacent panels. So that can Flue gases or additional air both over the cross section of the combustion chamber as well as from the side wall.

Die Seitenwangen sollten vertikale Stege aufweisen, die als Träger für die Seitenwangen und als Zuführungskanäle dienen.The sidewalls should have vertical webs that act as supports serve for the side walls and as feed channels.

Die Seitenwangen bzw. die Firstwangen werden vorteilhafterweise von Kanälen getragen, die in Längsrichtung entlang des Rohrsystems angeordnet sind. Die Kanäle sind vorzugsweise als tragendes Element ausgebildet, so daß Rauchgas oder Zusatzluft zu den Austrittsöffnungen in den Seitenwangen und/oder Firstwangen geleitet werden kann.The side cheeks or the ridge cheeks are advantageous carried by channels running lengthways along the pipe system are arranged. The channels are preferably as load-bearing element designed so that flue gas or additional air to the outlet openings in the side panels and / or ridge panels can be directed.

Es hat sich herausgestellt, daß die Roste zur Verbrennung von hochkalorischen Brennstoffen mit einem separaten sekundären Kühlmittel gekühlt werden sollten. Die Platten sind hierzu vorteilhafterweise als Hohlkörper ausgebildet und in den Platten sind wendelförmige Leit- und Stabilisierungsrippen vorgesehen. Jede Platte hat einen an den Hohlkörper angeschlossenen Einlaß und einen Auslaß für das Kühlmittel. Durch das separate Kühlmittel ist die Steuerung der Temperatur des Rostes unabhängig von der zugeführten Verbrennungsluft, so daß die Verbrennungsluft derart gestuft zuführbar ist, daß die Verbrennung aussetzt bzw. unterstöchometrisch als Pyrolyse mit Nachverbrennung bzw. überstöchometrisch in der Brennkammer erfolgen kann. It has been found that the grates for the combustion of high calorific fuels with a separate secondary Coolant should be cooled. The plates are advantageous for this formed as a hollow body and in the plates helical guide and stabilizing ribs are provided. Each plate has an inlet connected to the hollow body and an outlet for the coolant. Through the separate coolant the control of the temperature of the grate is independent of the supplied combustion air, so that the combustion air can be fed in stages such that the combustion stops or substoichometric as pyrolysis with afterburning or overstoichometric can take place in the combustion chamber.

Als sekundäres Kühlmedium können Gase, Gasgemische und alle hydraulischen Medien eingesetzt werden, sofern deren Viskosität dies zuläßt und der Zweck der Kühlung erfüllt wird. Der Einlaß bzw. der Auslaß zum Anschluß des Kühlmediums befindet sich vorteilhafterweise unterhalb der Rostplatte, wobei die Durchströmungsrichtung frei wählbar ist. Durch den gewendelten Kanal wird das Kühlmedium vorteilhafterweise gleichmäßig in der Platte verteilt und der Kühlfluß wird stabilisiert.Gases, gas mixtures and all hydraulic can be used as a secondary cooling medium Media are used, provided their viscosity this allows and the purpose of cooling is fulfilled. The inlet or the outlet for connecting the cooling medium is advantageously located below the grate plate, the direction of flow is freely selectable. Through the spiral channel the cooling medium advantageously distributed evenly in the plate and the cooling flow is stabilized.

Es ist besonders vorteilhaft, wenn ein Wärmetauscher für das Kühlmittel vorgesehen ist, wobei die von dem Kühlmittel abgeführte Energie einem Einsatzstoff zur Rostverbrennung zugeführt wird. Hierdurch kann die Energie z.B. verbrennungsfördernd weiter genutzt werden, indem diese der Verbrennungsluft zugeführt wird. Die Energie kann auch dem Brennstoff zur Trocknung zugeführt werden, oder zur Kondensataufwärmung eingesetzt werden.It is particularly advantageous if a heat exchanger for the Coolant is provided, wherein the coolant discharged Energy supplied to a feedstock for rust combustion becomes. This allows the energy e.g. continues to promote combustion be used by supplying them to the combustion air becomes. The energy can also be supplied to the fuel for drying be used, or used to heat up the condensate.

Eine besonders vollständige und kontrollierte Verbrennung des Brennstoffes wird dadurch ermöglicht, daß jede zweite Platte in Längsrichtung hin- und herbewegbar und mit einem entsprechenden Antrieb versehen ist, wobei die festen Platten an einer gemeinsamen ersten Halterung und die bewegbaren Platten an einer gemeinsamen zweiten Halterung befestigt sind und die Befestigung jeder Platte an seiner Halterung höhenverstellbar ist. Dadurch kann der Zwischenraum zwischen den stufenförmig angeordneten Platten frei wählbar und die Luftzufuhrmenge entsprechend der Anforderung in dem Brennraum eingestellt werden. Durch die Bewegung jeder zweiten Platte wird verhindert, daß Brenngut durch den Rost durchfällt.A particularly complete and controlled combustion of the Fuel is made possible by the fact that every second plate in Longitudinally reciprocable and with a corresponding Drive is provided, the fixed plates on a common first bracket and the movable plates on a common second bracket are attached and the attachment each plate is height adjustable on its bracket. Thereby can the space between the stepped Plates freely selectable and the air supply quantity according to the Requirement can be set in the combustion chamber. Through the movement Every second plate is prevented from burning the rust falls through.

Es ist weiterhin vorteilhaft, wenn die Firstwangen und die Seitenwangen starr sind. It is also advantageous if the ridge cheeks and the side cheeks are rigid.

Die Erfindung soll im folgenden anhand von dem in den Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel näher erläutert werden. Es zeigen:

Figur 1 -
eine Seitenansicht einer Firstwange im Querschnitt;
Figur 2 -
eine Frontansicht der Firstwange mit seitlichen Austrittsöffnungen im Querschnitt;
Figur 3 -
eine Frontansicht der Firstwange mit einer Austrittsöffnung an der hinteren Frontfläche;
Figur 4 -
eine Frontansicht einer Seitenwange mit Austrittsöffnungen und Stegen;
Figur 5 -
eine Schnittansicht der Seitenwange mit Austrittsöffnung und Steg;
Figur 6 -
eine Draufsicht auf eine Platte mit wendelförmigen Leit- und Stabilisierungsrippen im Querschnitt;
Figur 7 -
einen Längsschnitt durch die Platte mit Kanälen für ein Kühlmittel;
Figur 8 -
einen Querschnitt durch die Platte.
The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the embodiment shown in the drawings. Show it:
Figure 1 -
a side view of a ridge cheek in cross section;
Figure 2 -
a front view of the ridge cheek with lateral outlet openings in cross section;
Figure 3 -
a front view of the ridge cheek with an outlet opening on the rear front surface;
Figure 4 -
a front view of a side cheek with outlet openings and webs;
Figure 5 -
a sectional view of the side cheek with outlet opening and web;
Figure 6 -
a plan view of a plate with helical guide and stabilizing ribs in cross section;
Figure 7 -
a longitudinal section through the plate with channels for a coolant;
Figure 8 -
a cross section through the plate.

In der Figur 1 ist ein Querschnitt einer Firstwange 1 gezeigt, die eine in Längsrichtung des Brennraums geneigte Deckplatte 2 erkennen läßt. An der vorderen Frontfläche 3 und der hinteren Frontfläche 4 sind jeweils Nasen 5 und 6 vorgesehen. Es ist erkennbar, daß das Niveau der Nasen 5 und 6 unterschiedlich ist, so daß die Nasen aneinander angrenzender Firstwangen übereinander liegen. Die Firstwange 1 hat Stege 7, durch die die Firstwangen getragen werden können und die Kanäle für Gase und Gasgemische bilden.1 shows a cross section of a ridge cheek 1, the one cover plate 2 inclined in the longitudinal direction of the combustion chamber reveals. On the front face 3 and the rear Front surface 4 are provided lugs 5 and 6, respectively. It is recognizable that the level of the noses 5 and 6 is different, so that the noses of adjacent ridge cheeks one above the other lie. The ridge cheek 1 has webs 7 through which the ridge cheeks can be carried and the channels for gases and gas mixtures form.

Aus der Figur 1 ist weiterhin erkennbar, daß, eine Austrittsöffnung 8 für Gase und Gasgemische an der hinteren Frontfläche 4 der Firstwange 1 und seitliche Luftaustrittsöffnungen 9 an der Seitenfläche der Firstwange 1 vorgesehen sind.From Figure 1 it can also be seen that an outlet opening 8 for gases and gas mixtures on the rear front surface 4 the ridge cheek 1 and side air outlet openings 9 on the Side surface of the ridge cheek 1 are provided.

Die Figur 2 läßt die seitlichen Austrittsöffnungen 9 an den Seitenflächen der Firstwange 1 erkennen, die mit einem Zufuhrkanal 10 für Gase und Gasgemische im Innenraum der Firstwange 1 in Verbindung stehen. Die seitlichen Austrittsöffnungen 9 sollten oberhalb der an die Firstwange 1 angrenzenden Platten liegen, die nicht dargestellt sind.FIG. 2 leaves the lateral outlet openings 9 on the side surfaces recognize the ridge cheek 1 with a feed channel 10 for gases and gas mixtures in the interior of the ridge cheek 1 in Connect. The side outlet openings 9 should lie above the panels adjacent to the ridge cheek 1, which are not shown.

Die Figur 3 läßt eine Frontansicht auf die hintere Frontfläche 4 der Firstwange 1 erkennen. Es ist ersichtlich, daß die Deckplatte 2 im Querschnitt der Firstwange kuppelförmig ist. Weiterhin ist die radial entsprechend der Kuppelform gebogene Luftaustrittsöffnung 8 erkennbar.FIG. 3 shows a front view of the rear front surface 4 recognize the ridge cheek 1. It can be seen that the cover plate 2 is dome-shaped in cross section of the ridge cheek. Farther is the radially curved air outlet opening corresponding to the dome shape 8 recognizable.

Die Firstwangen 1 sind vorzugsweise aus Gußstahl. Die Zuführung der Rauchgase bzw. Zufuhrluft zu den Firstwangen 1 erfolgt mit nicht dargestellten Kanälen, die in Längsrichtung des Brennraumes angeordnet sind. Diese Kanäle sind vorzugsweise so geformt, daß sie an die Stege 7 der Firstwangen 1 angepaßt sind und diese tragen.The ridge cheeks 1 are preferably made of cast steel. The feeder the flue gases or supply air to the ridge cheeks 1 are carried out with channels, not shown, in the longitudinal direction of the combustion chamber are arranged. These channels are preferably shaped that they are adapted to the webs 7 of the ridge cheeks 1 and these wear.

Die Figur 4 läßt eine Seitenwange 11 erkennen, die an die freien Seitenwände der Platten angrenzen. Die Seitenwange 11 hat Austrittsöffnungen 12, die vorzugsweise oberhalb von den an die Seitenwange 11 angrenzenden Platten liegen. Die Seitenwangen 11 werden durch Stege 13 getragen, die gleichzeitig als Zuführungskanäle ausgebildet sind. An der oberen Seitenkante der Seitenwangen 11 ist vorzugsweise eine Nut 14 auf der einen und eine entsprechende Feder 15 auf der anderen Seite vorgesehen, damit die Seitenwangen 11 ineinandergreifend nebeneinander angeordnet werden können.FIG. 4 shows a side cheek 11 which is attached to the free one Adjoin the side walls of the panels. The side cheek 11 has outlet openings 12, which are preferably above the to the Sidewall 11 adjacent plates are. The side cheeks 11 are carried by webs 13, which also serve as feed channels are trained. On the upper side edge of the side cheeks 11 is preferably a groove 14 on one and one corresponding spring 15 is provided on the other side, so the side cheeks 11 are arranged side by side can be.

In der Figur 5 ist die Seitenwange 11 im Querschnitt dargestellt. Es sind die konische Austrittsöffnung 12 sowie die geneigten Stege 13 zu erkennen. An der hinteren Seite der Seitenwange 11 ist eine Lasche 16 vorgesehen, um die Seitenwange 11 auf einen nicht dargestellten Träger einzuhängen.The side cheek 11 is shown in cross section in FIG. There are the conical outlet opening 12 and the inclined ones To recognize webs 13. On the back of the side cheek A tab 16 is provided around the side cheek 11 to hang on a carrier, not shown.

Zwischen die Seitenwange 11 und die Firstwange 1 werden Platten 17 angeordnet, die in der Draufsicht als Querschnitt in der Figur 6 dargestellt sind. Eine Platte 17 besteht aus einem ersten Gußteil 18 mit quer zur Platte 17 verlaufenden Leit- und Stabilisierungsrippen 19. In dem ersten Gußteil 18 sind Bohrungen für einen Einlaß 20 und einen Auslaß 21 zum Einleiten und Ausleiten von Kühlmittel in bzw. aus dem Hohlraum der Platte 17 vorgesehen. Die Figur 6 läßt weiterhin erkennen, daß ein zweites Teil 22 in das erste Gußteil 18 eingeschoben und mit diesem verschweißt ist. Das zweite Teil 22 hat entsprechene Leit- und Stabilisierungsrippen 23, die zusammen mit den Leit- und Stabilisierungsrippen 19 des ersten Gußteils 18 einen mäanderförmigen Kanal in der Platte 17 bilden.Between the side cheek 11 and the ridge cheek 1 are plates 17 arranged in plan view as a cross section in the figure 6 are shown. A plate 17 consists of a first Casting 18 with guide and stabilizing ribs running transversely to the plate 17 19. In the first casting 18 are holes for an inlet 20 and an outlet 21 for introduction and discharge provided by coolant in or out of the cavity of the plate 17. Figure 6 also shows that a second part 22 inserted into the first casting 18 and welded to it is. The second part 22 has corresponding guide and stabilizing ribs 23, together with the guide and stabilizing ribs 19 of the first casting 18 a meandering Form channel in plate 17.

Die Platte 17 ist in der Figur 7 im Längsschnitt dargestellt. Es ist erkennbar, daß durch die Leit- und Stabilisierungsrippen 19, 23 Kanäle 24 für Kühlmittel geschaffen werden. Ferner ist zu erkennen, daß ein Befestigungsbock 25 unterhalb der Platte 17 vorgesehen ist, um die Platte 17 an eine nicht dargestellte Halterung zu montieren. Die Halterung kann entweder feststehend sein oder mit einem Antrieb in Längsrichtung des Brennraums hin- und herbewegt werden. Durch die Bewegung der Platte ist vorteilhafterweise ein Transport des Brenngutes durch den Brennraum möglich.The plate 17 is shown in longitudinal section in FIG. It it can be seen that the guide and stabilizing ribs 19, 23 channels 24 are created for coolant. It can also be seen that a mounting bracket 25 is provided below the plate 17 is to the plate 17 to a bracket, not shown to assemble. The bracket can either be fixed or back and forth with a drive in the longitudinal direction of the combustion chamber be moved. By moving the plate is advantageous transport of the firing material through the combustion chamber is possible.

Der Aufbau der Platte 17 wird durch den in der Figur 8 dargestellten Querschnitt durch die Platte 17 im weiteren Detail erkennbar. Es ist zu sehen, daß die Stoßkante 26 des ersten Gußteils 18 um einen Winkel a geneigt ist.The structure of the plate 17 is represented by that in FIG Cross section through the plate 17 can be seen in further detail. It can be seen that the abutting edge 26 of the first casting 18 is inclined at an angle a.

Die Platten 17 werden in nicht dargestellter Weise stufenförmig in Längsrichtung des Brennraumes aufeinandergelegt, wie es prinzipiell bereits in der DE-PS 40 00 973 gezeigt und ausführlich beschrieben ist. Mindestens zwei dieser stufenförmig aufeinanderfolgenden Plattenbahnen werden nebeneinander in dem Brennraum angeordnet, wobei zwischen den Platten 17 eine in Längsrichtung stufenförmig aufeinanderfolgende Anreihung von Firstwangen 1 vorgesehen ist. Seitlich an die freien Seitenenden der Platten 17 grenzt jeweils eine Reihe von Seitenwangen 11 an.The plates 17 are stepped in a manner not shown stacked in the longitudinal direction of the combustion chamber, as it is in principle already shown in DE-PS 40 00 973 and detailed is described. At least two of these successively in steps Panel tracks are placed side by side in the combustion chamber arranged, one between the plates 17 in the longitudinal direction Step-by-step arrangement of ridge cheeks 1 is provided. Laterally on the free side ends of the plates 17 each adjoins a row of side walls 11.

Claims (22)

  1. Grate system for a fuel fired boiler comprising plates (17), which are in a step-shaped arrangement in longitudinal direction of the grate system, characterized in that at least two plates (17) are arranged side by side in transversal direction and ridge cheeks (1) are positioned between the plates (17) arranged side by side, and said ridge cheeks (1) having exhaust openings for gases and gas mixtures (8, 9).
  2. Grate system according to claim 1, characterized in that said ridge cheeks (1) have a cover plate (2), which is dome-shaped in cross section.
  3. Grate system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the ridge cheeks (1) have a cover plate (2) inclined in longitudinal direction.
  4. Grate system according to claim 3, characterized by providing a projection (5, 6) on both front face and rear face (3, 4) of the ridge cheeks (1), said projections (5, 6) being thus arranged that the projections (5, 6) of adjacent ridge cheeks (1) lay one on top of the other.
  5. Grate system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by providing an exhaust opening for gases and gas mixtures (8) on the rear face (4) of the ridge cheeks (1) below the cover plate (2).
  6. Grate system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by providing exhaust openings for gases and gas mixtures (9) on each side face of the ridge cheeks (1) above adjacent plates (17).
  7. Grate system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by providing lateral cheeks (11) adjacent to the free side panels of the plates (17), said lateral cheeks having exhaust openings for gases and gas mixtures (12) above the adjacent plates (17).
  8. Grate system according to claim 7, characterized in that the lateral cheeks (11) have vertical ridges (13), said ridges (13) being formed as supports of the lateral cheeks (11) and as feeding ducts for gases and gas mixtures.
  9. Grate system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by providing ducts along the grate system in longitudinal direction and said ducts are formed as support for the lateral cheeks (11) and/or ridge cheeks (1) and as feedings ducts for gases and gas mixtures.
  10. Grate system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that fumes are conducted via the feeding ducts and the exhaust openings (8, 9) into the combustion space of the fuel fired boiler.
  11. Grate system according to one of the claims 1 to 9, characterized in that additional air is conducted via the feeding ducts and exhaust openings (8, 9) into the combustion space of the fuel fired boiler.
  12. Grate system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plates (17) are hollow bodies, said plates (17) have spirally formed guiding and stabilizing ribs (19, 23) and are provided with an inlet (20) and outlet (21) for the cooling medium connected to the hollow body.
  13. Grate system according to claim 12, characterized in that both, the inlet (20) and the outlet (21) are arranged on the underside of each plate (17).
  14. Grate system according to one of the claims 12 or 13, characterized in that the cooling medium is gas, a gas mixture or a fluid.
  15. Grate system according to claims 12 to 14, characterized by providing a heat exchanger for the cooling medium, whereby the energy drawn off from the cooling medium is fed to an operational substance for grate firing.
  16. Grate system according to claim 15, characterized in that the operational substance is air for combustion.
  17. Grate system according to claim 15, characterized in that the energy drawn off is fed to the fuel for desiccation.
  18. Grate system according to claim 15, characterized in that the energy drawn off is used for condensate heating.
  19. Grate system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that every second plate (17) is movable to and fro and provided with a corresponding drive, the fixed plates being secured to a common first mounting and the movable plates being secured to a common second mounting, and that the fastening of each plate (17) is adjustable in height at its mounting.
  20. Grate system according to claim 19, characterized in that the fixed plates in the area of the lateral cheeks and the ridge cheeks (11, 1) and the movable plates (17) being separately detachable are secured by the second mounting.
  21. Grate System according to the claims 19 or 20, characterized in that the fixed plates and the movable plates are essentially identical.
  22. Grate System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ridge cheeks (1) and the lateral cheeks (11) are rigid.
EP00104734A 1999-03-10 2000-03-04 Grate system for a fuel fired boiler Expired - Lifetime EP1035373B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19910425 1999-03-10
DE19910425A DE19910425C2 (en) 1999-03-10 1999-03-10 Grate system for a fuel boiler

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1035373A1 EP1035373A1 (en) 2000-09-13
EP1035373B1 true EP1035373B1 (en) 2004-01-21

Family

ID=7900299

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00104734A Expired - Lifetime EP1035373B1 (en) 1999-03-10 2000-03-04 Grate system for a fuel fired boiler

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1035373B1 (en)
CZ (1) CZ296050B6 (en)
DE (2) DE19910425C2 (en)
PL (1) PL190813B1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2868516B1 (en) * 2004-04-01 2006-06-16 Vinci Environnement Sa GRID FOR DOMESTIC GARBAGE INCINERATION OVEN

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2809845C2 (en) * 1978-03-07 1980-03-06 Josef Martin Feuerungsbau Gmbh, 8000 Muenchen Grate covering, in particular for large furnaces
FR2599126B1 (en) * 1986-05-22 1988-09-16 Mediterranee Const Navales Ind COMPENSATING DEVICE FOR TRANSVERSE THERMAL DEFORMATIONS OF A GRID OF A COMBUSTION OR INCINERATION FIREPLACE; ITS DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY PROCESS
FR2609530B1 (en) 1987-01-09 1991-01-11 Traitement Indl Residus Urbain FIREPLACE GRID, WITH CROSS BARS IN ELEMENTS SOLIDARIZED BY THEIR FRONTAL FACES
DE4000973C1 (en) * 1990-01-16 1991-02-28 Teset Thermo-Energie-System Entsorgungs-Technologie, Weismes/Waimes, Be
CH684118A5 (en) * 1993-04-20 1994-07-15 Doikos Investments Ltd Burning sweepings on combustion grill - individually dosing prim. air through separate tubes extending whole length underneath grill
ATE184092T1 (en) * 1994-02-07 1999-09-15 Seghers Better Technology Grou METHOD FOR BURNING SOLIDS ON A PUSH COMBUSTION GRATE SYSTEM
DE19622424C2 (en) * 1996-06-04 1998-10-29 Martin Umwelt & Energietech Grate element and grate with liquid cooling
DE29809059U1 (en) * 1998-05-19 1999-02-04 Stadick, Robert, 85599 Parsdorf Grate for fuel boilers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1035373A1 (en) 2000-09-13
DE19910425A1 (en) 2000-09-21
DE50005055D1 (en) 2004-02-26
CZ2000827A3 (en) 2000-10-11
DE19910425C2 (en) 2000-12-28
PL338915A1 (en) 2000-09-11
PL190813B1 (en) 2006-02-28
CZ296050B6 (en) 2005-12-14

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