EP1033736A1 - Magnetic actuator with pivoting armature, in particular for a circuit breaker, and circuit breaker with such an actuator - Google Patents

Magnetic actuator with pivoting armature, in particular for a circuit breaker, and circuit breaker with such an actuator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1033736A1
EP1033736A1 EP00410016A EP00410016A EP1033736A1 EP 1033736 A1 EP1033736 A1 EP 1033736A1 EP 00410016 A EP00410016 A EP 00410016A EP 00410016 A EP00410016 A EP 00410016A EP 1033736 A1 EP1033736 A1 EP 1033736A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pallet
branch
bevelled
free end
actuator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP00410016A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1033736B1 (en
Inventor
Robert Schneider Electric Industries SA Diconne
Corinne Schneider Electric Industries SA Roux
Christophe Schneider Electric Ind. SA Seraudie
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Publication of EP1033736A1 publication Critical patent/EP1033736A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/163—Details concerning air-gaps, e.g. anti-remanence, damping, anti-corrosion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
    • H01H71/2454—Electromagnetic mechanisms characterised by the magnetic circuit or active magnetic elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
    • H01H71/2472—Electromagnetic mechanisms with rotatable armatures

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a magnetic actuator, in particular for opening the contacts of a breaking device such as a circuit breaker and / or tripping said circuit breaker in the event of a fault electric, this actuator comprising a magnetic circuit formed by a yoke ferromagnetic, said cylinder head comprising a first and a second branch substantially parallel to each other connected by a transverse base piece, a pallet mobile mounted articulated by one of its ends on the free end of the first branch and cooperating at its other end with the free end of the second branch, a means of producing a magnetic field capable of moving the pallet in rotation between an open pallet rest position corresponding to the normal operation of the device and an active position corresponding to the appearance of an electrical fault in the device, in which the free end of the pallet is kept in the position of minimum reluctance with respect to the free end of the second branch.
  • the cylinder head is shaped of U and includes two branches of the same length, while the pallet is formed by a rectangular section plate.
  • the attraction force generated by the coil in the event of an electrical fault is minimum at the start of closing the pallet, and grows as the palette closes. As a result, the initial speed of the pallet is reduced, and consequently that the reaction time of the circuit breaker following a electrical fault is relatively high.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an actuator and a circuit breaker incorporating it, with a reduced reaction time in the event of a defect electric.
  • the present invention relates to a magnetic actuator, this actuator being characterized in that the aforementioned pallet is shaped into an L and comprises a first arm articulated on the first branch of the breech and a second arm substantially perpendicular to the first arm, and cooperating with the second branch of the breech, the second branch and the second arm each comprising at their free end a part bevelled, the two bevelled parts being of complementary shape and able to be brought in a position in which said bevelled parts are opposite one with respect to the other and substantially parallel to each other, in the closed position of the pallet.
  • the air gap between the bevelled parts and the beveled parts themselves are arranged relative to the axis of rotation, in such a way that the torque associated with the force of attraction of the pallet on the cylinder head is maximum in open position of the pallet and decreases when the pallet moves from the open position to the closed position.
  • Figures 1,2 and 5 show an actuator A intended for use in an apparatus for electrical protection such as a circuit breaker.
  • This circuit breaker (not shown) is intended to be placed in an electrical circuit comprising electrical devices, in order to protect said devices in case of overcurrent or short circuit.
  • This actuator A is formed mainly by a ferromagnetic yoke 1 which consists of two lateral branches 2,3 connected by a base part 4.
  • the magnetic circuit thus formed is closed by a pallet 5 capable of pivoting around an axis of rotation X between an open position (fig. 1) and a closed position (fig. 2).
  • the pallet 5 has a first end 5a mounted articulated on the free end 2a of one 2, called the first, of the branches 2, 3 of the cylinder head 1, and a second end 5b able to be brought opposite with the free end 3a of the second branch 3 of the yoke 1 in order to close the magnetic circuit
  • the pallet 5 is returned to the open position by a return spring, not shown.
  • This open position corresponds to a normal operating state of the circuit breaker.
  • This actuator A also includes a coil 6 crossed by the current which must be monitored, and capable of generating, when an electrical fault occurs in the circuit, a magnetic flux capable of generating a magnetic attraction force between the second end 5b of the pallet 5 and the free end 3a of the second branch 3.
  • this attraction force F is greater than the return force of the aforementioned spring, the pallet 5 pivots in the direction of closing until that its free end 5b comes into contact with the free end 3a of the second branch 3, which causes tripping of the circuit breaker and / or the opening of the contacts of said circuit breaker.
  • the pallet 5 is L-shaped and has a first arm 7 mounted articulated by one 7a of its ends, on the free end 2a of the first branch 2, and a second arm 8 extending substantially perpendicular to the first arm 7 and having a free end 8a (5b) intended to cooperate with the free end 3a of the second branch 3.
  • these two ends 8a, 3a each have a bevelled part a , b and a non-bevelled part c, d.
  • the non-bevelled parts c, d are respectively parallel, to the first arm 7, as regards the pallet 5, and parallel to the base part 4, as regards the second branch 3 of the cylinder head 1.
  • FIG. 1 the pallet 5 is open, which corresponds to a normal state of the circuit breaker and of the circuit to be protected.
  • a magnetic flux is generated by the coil 6. If the attraction force generated by this flux is sufficient to counteract the return force of the spring, an effort will be generated on the free end 5b of the pallet 5 tending to bring it closer to the cylinder head 1.
  • the torque generated is very large when the air gap e is maximum, as illustrated in FIG. 3, from which it follows that the speed of movement at the start of opening is maximum.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates three curves u, v, w representing the evolution as a function of the value of the air gap respectively, of the torque generated by the main air gap located between the free ends 5b, 3a of the pallet and of the second branch (curve u), of the torque generated by the secondary air gap at the level of the articulation axis X (curve v) and of the sum of these two couples (curve w).
  • the value of the air gap e is represented on the abscissa x on the curve and varies from 0 to 4 mm, while the value of the forces developed is represented on the ordinate y and varies from 0 to 200 mm.N.
  • Figure 4 also illustrates three curves u, v, w representing the same data but for an actuator using a pallet of the conventional type as shown in Figure 2a.
  • the force generated at the start when the pallet 5 is open, by the main air gap (curve u) is around 160 and is therefore very high compared to that (about 4 mm.N) generated when using a standard palette.
  • the value of the air gap in the case of the invention is reduced, compared to that of the air gap of the prior art in which the air gap corresponded to the stroke of the pallet.
  • the value of the force in an actuator according to the invention is greater than that generated in the prior art.
  • the distance between the direction of the force F and the axis X is maximum in the open position of the pallet, since this direction is parallel to the branches 2,3 of the cylinder head 1.
  • the torque value is maximum in this position.
  • the torque F generated by the main air gap decreases to a value of approximately 70 mm.N.
  • the arrow F illustrating the force rotates counterclockwise to a position illustrated in FIG.
  • the force goes from a maximum value to a minimum value (fig.3), unlike the case of the actuator of the prior art (fig.4) for which it is the opposite occurs, despite an increase in the inertia of the pallet.
  • this decrease effect can be increased so as to obtain an electromagnetic brake of the pallet, preventing said pallet from impacting its stop too violently at the end of the stroke.
  • the magnetic circuit can be laminated. Thanks to the invention, an actuator has therefore been produced in which the force value is very high, and maximum, at the start of closure, from which an immediate reaction of the actuator results in the event of an electrical fault, d 'where improved reactivity of the circuit breaker.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiments described and illustrated which have been given only by way of example.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Switches With Compound Operations (AREA)
  • Switches That Are Operated By Magnetic Or Electric Fields (AREA)
  • Mechanisms For Operating Contacts (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)

Abstract

Arm (3) has non-bevelled section at end (d). Length of first arm (7) is smaller than length of base (4). Gap (e) between bevelled sections (a, b) are machined relative to rotational axis (X) so that torque relative to force (F) of pallet (5) on cylinder head (1) is maximum when pallet is open, and decreases when pallet closes.

Description

L'invention concerne un actionneur magnétique, notamment pour ouvrir les contacts d'un appareil de coupure tel un disjoncteur et/ou déclencher ledit disjoncteur en cas de défaut électrique, cet actionneur comprenant un circuit magnétique formé par une culasse ferromagnétique, ladite culasse comprenant une première et une seconde branche sensiblement parallèles entre elles reliées par une pièce de base transversale, une palette mobile montée articulée par l'une de ses extrémités sur l'extrémité libre de la première branche et coopérant par son autre extrémité avec l'extrémité libre de la seconde branche, un moyen de production d'un champs magnétique apte à déplacer la palette en rotation entre une position ouverte de repos de la palette correspondant au fonctionnement normal de l'appareil et une position active correspondant à l'apparition d'un défaut électrique dans l'appareil, dans laquelle l'extrémité libre de la palette est maintenue en position de réluctance minimale par rapport à l'extrémité libre de la seconde branche.The invention relates to a magnetic actuator, in particular for opening the contacts of a breaking device such as a circuit breaker and / or tripping said circuit breaker in the event of a fault electric, this actuator comprising a magnetic circuit formed by a yoke ferromagnetic, said cylinder head comprising a first and a second branch substantially parallel to each other connected by a transverse base piece, a pallet mobile mounted articulated by one of its ends on the free end of the first branch and cooperating at its other end with the free end of the second branch, a means of producing a magnetic field capable of moving the pallet in rotation between an open pallet rest position corresponding to the normal operation of the device and an active position corresponding to the appearance of an electrical fault in the device, in which the free end of the pallet is kept in the position of minimum reluctance with respect to the free end of the second branch.

Dans les actionneurs connus du genre précédemment mentionné, la culasse est en forme de U et comprend deux branches de même longueur, tandis que la palette est formée par une plaque de section rectangulaire. Dans ce type d'actionneur, l'effort d'attraction généré par la bobine en cas de défaut électrique est minimum en début de fermeture de la palette, et croít au fur et à mesure que la palette se ferme. Il en résulte que la vitesse initiale de la palette est réduite, et en conséquence que le temps de réaction du disjoncteur suite à un défaut électrique est relativement élevé.In known actuators of the aforementioned type, the cylinder head is shaped of U and includes two branches of the same length, while the pallet is formed by a rectangular section plate. In this type of actuator, the attraction force generated by the coil in the event of an electrical fault is minimum at the start of closing the pallet, and grows as the palette closes. As a result, the initial speed of the pallet is reduced, and consequently that the reaction time of the circuit breaker following a electrical fault is relatively high.

La présente invention a pour but de réaliser un actionneur ainsi qu'un disjoncteur l'incorporant, présentant un temps de réaction réduit en cas d'apparition d'un défaut électrique.The object of the present invention is to provide an actuator and a circuit breaker incorporating it, with a reduced reaction time in the event of a defect electric.

A cet effet, la présente invention a pour objet un actionneur magnétique, cet actionneur étant caractérisé en ce que la palette précitée est conformée en L et comprend un premier bras articulé sur la première branche de la culasse et un second bras sensiblement perpendiculaire au premier bras, et coopérant avec la seconde branche de la culasse, la seconde branche et le second bras comportant chacun à leur extrémité libre une partie biseautée, les deux parties biseautées étant de forme complémentaire et aptes à être amenées dans une position dans laquelle lesdites parties biseautées sont en regard l'une par rapport à l'autre et sensiblement parallèles entre elles, en position de fermeture de la palette.To this end, the present invention relates to a magnetic actuator, this actuator being characterized in that the aforementioned pallet is shaped into an L and comprises a first arm articulated on the first branch of the breech and a second arm substantially perpendicular to the first arm, and cooperating with the second branch of the breech, the second branch and the second arm each comprising at their free end a part bevelled, the two bevelled parts being of complementary shape and able to be brought in a position in which said bevelled parts are opposite one with respect to the other and substantially parallel to each other, in the closed position of the pallet.

Selon une réalisation particulière de l'invention, l'entrefer entre les parties biseautées et les parties biseautées elles-mêmes sont agencées par rapport à l'axe de rotation, de telle façon que le couple associé à l'effort d'attraction de la palette sur la culasse soit maximum en position ouverte de la palette et diminue lorsque la palette passe de la position ouverte à la position fermée.According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the air gap between the bevelled parts and the beveled parts themselves are arranged relative to the axis of rotation, in such a way that the torque associated with the force of attraction of the pallet on the cylinder head is maximum in open position of the pallet and decreases when the pallet moves from the open position to the closed position.

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques ressortiront plus clairement de la description suivante de modes particuliers de réalisation, donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, et représentés aux dessins annexés sur lesquels :

  • Les figures 1 et 2 sont deux vues schématiques de face, illustrant un actionneur selon l'invention, respectivement dans une position ouverte et dans une position fermée,
    • La figure 2a est une vue similaire aux figures 1 et 2, mais illustrant l'art antérieur,
    • les figures 3 et 4 sont deux représentations graphiques illustrant l'évolution des couples développés par les différents entrefers, respectivement dans le cas d'un actionneur selon l'invention, et dans le cas d'un actionneur selon l'art antérieur, et
    • la figure 5 est une vue similaire à la figure 2, mais représentant la force exercée par l'entrefer principal, par rapport à l'axe de rotation de la palette.
Other advantages and characteristics will emerge more clearly from the following description of particular embodiments, given by way of nonlimiting examples, and represented in the appended drawings in which:
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 are two schematic front views, illustrating an actuator according to the invention, respectively in an open position and in a closed position,
    • FIG. 2a is a view similar to FIGS. 1 and 2, but illustrating the prior art,
    • FIGS. 3 and 4 are two graphic representations illustrating the evolution of the torques developed by the different air gaps, respectively in the case of an actuator according to the invention, and in the case of an actuator according to the prior art, and
    • Figure 5 is a view similar to Figure 2, but showing the force exerted by the main air gap, relative to the axis of rotation of the pallet.

Sur les figures 1,2 et 5, on voit un actionneur A destiné à être utilisé dans un appareil de protection électrique tel un disjoncteur. Ce disjoncteur (non représenté) est destiné à être placé dans un circuit électrique comportant des appareils électriques, afin de protéger lesdits appareils en cas de surintensité ou de court-circuit.Figures 1,2 and 5 show an actuator A intended for use in an apparatus for electrical protection such as a circuit breaker. This circuit breaker (not shown) is intended to be placed in an electrical circuit comprising electrical devices, in order to protect said devices in case of overcurrent or short circuit.

Cet actionneur A est formé principalement par une culasse ferromagnétique 1 qui se compose de deux branches latérales 2,3 reliées par une pièce de base 4. Le circuit magnétique ainsi formé est fermé par une palette 5 susceptible de pivoter autour d'un axe de rotation X entre une position ouverte (fig. 1) et une position fermée (fig.2). A cet effet, et de manière connue en soi, la palette 5 présente une première extrémité 5a montée articulée sur l'extrémité libre 2a de l'une 2, dite première, des branches 2 ,3 de la culasse 1, et une seconde extrémité 5b apte à être amenée en regard avec l'extrémité libre 3a de la seconde branche 3 de la culasse 1 afin de fermer le circuit magnétique La palette 5 est rappelée en position ouverte par un ressort de rappel, non représenté. Cette position ouverte correspond à un état de fonctionnement normal du disjoncteur. Cet actionneur A comporte également une bobine 6 traversé par le courant qui doit être surveillé, et apte à générer lors de l'apparition d'un défaut électrique dans le circuit, un flux magnétique susceptible d'engendrer une force d'attraction magnétique entre la seconde extrémité 5b de la palette 5 et l'extrémité libre 3a de la seconde branche 3. Lorsque cette force d'attraction F est supérieure à la force de rappel du ressort précité, la palette 5 pivote dans le sens de la fermeture jusqu'à ce que son extrémité libre 5b entre en contact avec l'extrémité libre 3a de la seconde branche 3, ce qui provoque le déclenchement du disjoncteur et/où l'ouverture des contacts dudit disjoncteur.
Conformément à l'invention, la palette 5 est conformée en L et comporte un premier bras 7 monté articulé par l'une 7a de ses extrémités, sur l'extrémité libre 2a de la première branche 2, et un second bras 8 s'étendant sensiblement perpendiculairement au premier bras 7 et comportant une extrémité libre 8a (5b) destinée à coopérer avec l'extrémité libre 3a de la seconde branche 3. On voit également sur ces figures, que ces deux extrémités 8a,3a comportent chacune une partie biseautée a, b et une partie non biseautée c, d. Les parties non biseautées c, d sont respectivement parallèles, au premier bras 7, pour ce qui concerne la palette 5, et parallèle à la partie de base 4, pour ce qui concerne la seconde branche 3 de la culasse 1. Ces deux parties biseautées a, b forment un angle par rapport respectivement au second bras 8 et à la seconde branche 3 d'environ 45° et sont agencées de telle manière qu'en position fermée de la palette 5, elles se trouvent en regard l'une par rapport à l'autre en s'étendant parallèlement l'une par rapport à l'autre. On note également que la longueur du premier bras 7 étant inférieure à la longueur de la partie de base 4, la palette 5 et la culasse 1 se trouvent décalées parallèlement à la direction longitudinale de la partie de base 4.
En se reportant plus particulièrement à la figure 5, on voit que la position de l'entrefer e entre les deux extrémités 5b et 3a respectivement de la palette 5 et de la seconde branche 3, ainsi que l'agencement des parties biseautées a,b, ont été choisies de manière que, au voisinage de la position fermée de la palette 5, le couple exercé au niveau de l'entrefer e par la force F d'attraction, par rapport à l'axe de rotation, soit nul. On voit en effet sur cette figure que la flèche F représentant la force, passe par l'axe d'articulation X de la palette 5, d'où il résulte un couple nul.
On voit également sur les figures 1,2 et 5, que l'entrefer e entre les deux extrémités libres 5b,3a se trouve à l'intérieur de la bobine 6, et en particulier au milieu de sa longueur.This actuator A is formed mainly by a ferromagnetic yoke 1 which consists of two lateral branches 2,3 connected by a base part 4. The magnetic circuit thus formed is closed by a pallet 5 capable of pivoting around an axis of rotation X between an open position (fig. 1) and a closed position (fig. 2). To this end, and in a manner known per se, the pallet 5 has a first end 5a mounted articulated on the free end 2a of one 2, called the first, of the branches 2, 3 of the cylinder head 1, and a second end 5b able to be brought opposite with the free end 3a of the second branch 3 of the yoke 1 in order to close the magnetic circuit The pallet 5 is returned to the open position by a return spring, not shown. This open position corresponds to a normal operating state of the circuit breaker. This actuator A also includes a coil 6 crossed by the current which must be monitored, and capable of generating, when an electrical fault occurs in the circuit, a magnetic flux capable of generating a magnetic attraction force between the second end 5b of the pallet 5 and the free end 3a of the second branch 3. When this attraction force F is greater than the return force of the aforementioned spring, the pallet 5 pivots in the direction of closing until that its free end 5b comes into contact with the free end 3a of the second branch 3, which causes tripping of the circuit breaker and / or the opening of the contacts of said circuit breaker.
According to the invention, the pallet 5 is L-shaped and has a first arm 7 mounted articulated by one 7a of its ends, on the free end 2a of the first branch 2, and a second arm 8 extending substantially perpendicular to the first arm 7 and having a free end 8a (5b) intended to cooperate with the free end 3a of the second branch 3. It can also be seen in these figures, that these two ends 8a, 3a each have a bevelled part a , b and a non-bevelled part c, d. The non-bevelled parts c, d are respectively parallel, to the first arm 7, as regards the pallet 5, and parallel to the base part 4, as regards the second branch 3 of the cylinder head 1. These two bevelled parts a, b form an angle with respect to the second arm 8 and the second branch 3 respectively of approximately 45 ° and are arranged in such a way that in the closed position of the pallet 5, they lie opposite one with respect to to the other by extending parallel to each other. It is also noted that the length of the first arm 7 being less than the length of the base part 4, the pallet 5 and the cylinder head 1 are offset parallel to the longitudinal direction of the base part 4.
Referring more particularly to FIG. 5, it can be seen that the position of the air gap e between the two ends 5b and 3a respectively of the pallet 5 and of the second branch 3, as well as the arrangement of the bevelled parts a, b , have been chosen so that, in the vicinity of the closed position of the pallet 5, the torque exerted at the air gap e by the force F of attraction, relative to the axis of rotation, is zero. It can be seen in this figure that the arrow F representing the force, passes through the axis of articulation X of the pallet 5, from which a zero torque results.
It can also be seen in FIGS. 1, 2 and 5 that the air gap e between the two free ends 5b, 3a is located inside the coil 6, and in particular in the middle of its length.

Le fonctionnement de l'actionneur A selon l'invention va être décrit brièvement en référence aux figures :
Sur la figure 1, la palette 5 est ouverte, ce qui correspond à un état normal du disjoncteur et du circuit à protéger. Lors de l'apparition d'un défaut électrique tel une surintensité dans le circuit, un flux magnétique est généré par la bobine 6. Si la force d'attraction engendrée par ce flux est suffisante pour contrecarrer la force de rappel du ressort, un effort sera généré sur l'extrémité libre 5b de la palette 5 tendant à la rapprocher de la culasse 1. Le couple généré est très important lorsque l'entrefer e est maximum, comme ceci est illustré sur la figure 3, d'où il résulte que la vitesse de déplacement en début d'ouverture est maximale. The operation of actuator A according to the invention will be described briefly with reference to the figures:
In FIG. 1, the pallet 5 is open, which corresponds to a normal state of the circuit breaker and of the circuit to be protected. During the appearance of an electrical fault such as an overcurrent in the circuit, a magnetic flux is generated by the coil 6. If the attraction force generated by this flux is sufficient to counteract the return force of the spring, an effort will be generated on the free end 5b of the pallet 5 tending to bring it closer to the cylinder head 1. The torque generated is very large when the air gap e is maximum, as illustrated in FIG. 3, from which it follows that the speed of movement at the start of opening is maximum.

La figure 3 illustre trois courbes u,v,w représentant l'évolution en fonction de la valeur de l'entrefer respectivement, du couple généré par l'entrefer principal situé entre les extrémités libres 5b,3a de la palette et de la seconde branche (courbe u), du couple généré par l'entrefer secondaire au niveau de l'axe d'articulation X (courbe v) et de la somme de ces deux couples (courbe w). La valeur de l'entrefer e est représentée en abscisse x sur la courbe et varie de 0 à 4 mm, tandis que la valeur des efforts développés est représentée en ordonnée y et varie de 0 à 200 mm.N. La Figure 4 illustre également trois courbes u,v,w représentant les mêmes données mais pour un actionneur utilisant une palette du type classique telle que représentée sur la figure 2a. On voit sur la figure 3, que l'effort généré au départ lorsque la palette 5 est ouverte, par l'entrefer principal (courbe u), avoisine les 160 et est donc très élevé par rapport à celui (environ 4 mm.N) généré dans le cas de l'utilisation d'une palette standard. Ceci est du au fait que, pour une même course d'ouverture de la palette, et compte tenu de l'existence des parties biseautées, la valeur de l'entrefer dans le cas de l'invention est diminuée, par rapport à celle de l'entrefer de l'art antérieur dans lequel l'entrefer correspondait à la course de la palette. Et l'effort étant inversement proportionnel au carré de la valeur de l'entrefer, il en résulte que la valeur de l'effort dans un actionneur selon l'invention est supérieure à celui généré dans l'art antérieur. En outre, comme ceci est visible sur la figure 1, la distance entre la direction de la force F et l'axe X est maximale en position ouverte de la palette, puisque cette direction est parallèle aux branches 2,3 de la culasse 1. Il en résulte que la valeur du couple est maximale dans cette position.
Au fur et à mesure que la palette 5 se ferme, et donc que la valeur de l'entrefer diminue, le couple F généré par l'entrefer principal diminue jusqu'à une valeur d'environ 70 mm.N. En effet, la flèche F illustrant l'effort tourne dans le sens anti-horaire jusqu'à une position illustrée sur la figure 2 Dans cette position, la direction de l'effort F passe sensiblement par l'axe de rotation X et le couple est donc d'une valeur très peu élevée.
La présence de l'entrefer e à l'intérieur de la bobine 6 et en particulier au milieu de sa longueur, contribue également à augmenter l'effort, car cela permet de canaliser le flux magnétique en limitant les flux de fuites magnétiques générés pour des courants élevés.FIG. 3 illustrates three curves u, v, w representing the evolution as a function of the value of the air gap respectively, of the torque generated by the main air gap located between the free ends 5b, 3a of the pallet and of the second branch (curve u), of the torque generated by the secondary air gap at the level of the articulation axis X (curve v) and of the sum of these two couples (curve w). The value of the air gap e is represented on the abscissa x on the curve and varies from 0 to 4 mm, while the value of the forces developed is represented on the ordinate y and varies from 0 to 200 mm.N. Figure 4 also illustrates three curves u, v, w representing the same data but for an actuator using a pallet of the conventional type as shown in Figure 2a. We see in Figure 3, that the force generated at the start when the pallet 5 is open, by the main air gap (curve u), is around 160 and is therefore very high compared to that (about 4 mm.N) generated when using a standard palette. This is due to the fact that, for the same opening stroke of the pallet, and taking into account the existence of the bevelled parts, the value of the air gap in the case of the invention is reduced, compared to that of the air gap of the prior art in which the air gap corresponded to the stroke of the pallet. And the force being inversely proportional to the square of the value of the air gap, it follows that the value of the force in an actuator according to the invention is greater than that generated in the prior art. Furthermore, as can be seen in FIG. 1, the distance between the direction of the force F and the axis X is maximum in the open position of the pallet, since this direction is parallel to the branches 2,3 of the cylinder head 1. As a result, the torque value is maximum in this position.
As the vane 5 closes, and therefore the value of the air gap decreases, the torque F generated by the main air gap decreases to a value of approximately 70 mm.N. Indeed, the arrow F illustrating the force rotates counterclockwise to a position illustrated in FIG. 2 In this position, the direction of the force F passes substantially through the axis of rotation X and the torque is therefore of very low value.
The presence of the air gap e inside the coil 6 and in particular in the middle of its length, also contributes to increasing the force, because this makes it possible to channel the magnetic flux by limiting the fluxes of magnetic leaks generated for high currents.

On voit donc que selon l'invention, l'effort passe d'une valeur maximale à une valeur minimale (fig.3) , contrairement au cas de l'actionneur de l'art antérieur (fig.4) pour lequel c'est le contraire qui se produit, et ceci malgré une augmentation de l'inertie de la palette. Avantageusement, cet effet de décroissance peut être augmenté de manière à obtenir un frein électromagnétique de la palette, évitant à ladite palette d'impacter trop violemment sa butée en fin de course. Pour ce faire, il suffirait de disposer l'entrefer principal et les parties biseautées de telle manière que la palette puisse continuer quelque peu son déplacement en rotation dans le sens anti-horaire au delà de la position représentée sur la figure 5, dans laquelle la direction de la force F passe par l'axe d'articulation X, pour atteindre une position de fermeture de la palette. Ainsi, pendant ce déplacement supplémentaire, la direction de la force exercée au niveau de l'entrefer principal passerait en dessous de l'axe d'articulation X, entraínant de ce fait un couple inverse ayant pour effet de freiner la palette.
On notera que le circuit magnétique pourra être feuilleté.
On a donc réalisé grâce à l'invention un actionneur dans lequel la valeur de l'effort est très élevée, et maximale, en début de fermeture, d'où il résulte une réaction immédiate de l'actionneur en cas de défaut électrique, d'où une réactivité améliorée du disjoncteur. Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisation décrits et illustrés qui n'ont été donnés qu'à titre d'exemple.
C'est ainsi que d'autres formes pour les parties biseautées pourraient être envisagées sans sortir du cadre de l'invention, pourvu qu'elles permettent d'obtenir les résultats décrits, à savoir le fait de réduire l'entrefer entre la palette et la culasse, par rapport à la course en rotation de la palette, et d'augmenter la vitesse de la palette (mise en mouvement de la palette) au départ.
L'actionneur pourrait être utilisé avantageusement dans d'autres appareils que des disjoncteurs, nécessitant qu'un effort important soit produit en début de fermeture.We therefore see that according to the invention, the force goes from a maximum value to a minimum value (fig.3), unlike the case of the actuator of the prior art (fig.4) for which it is the opposite occurs, despite an increase in the inertia of the pallet. Advantageously, this decrease effect can be increased so as to obtain an electromagnetic brake of the pallet, preventing said pallet from impacting its stop too violently at the end of the stroke. To do this, it would suffice to arrange the main air gap and the bevelled parts in such a way that the pallet can continue its rotation movement somewhat counterclockwise beyond the position shown in FIG. 5, in which the direction of the force F passes through the hinge axis X, to reach a closed position of the pallet. Thus, during this additional displacement, the direction of the force exerted at the main air gap would pass below the hinge axis X, thereby causing reverse torque having the effect of braking the pallet.
Note that the magnetic circuit can be laminated.
Thanks to the invention, an actuator has therefore been produced in which the force value is very high, and maximum, at the start of closure, from which an immediate reaction of the actuator results in the event of an electrical fault, d 'where improved reactivity of the circuit breaker. Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described and illustrated which have been given only by way of example.
This is how other forms for the bevelled parts could be envisaged without departing from the scope of the invention, provided that they make it possible to obtain the results described, namely the fact of reducing the air gap between the pallet and the cylinder head, relative to the rotational travel of the pallet, and to increase the speed of the pallet (movement of the pallet) at the start.
The actuator could advantageously be used in devices other than circuit breakers, requiring that a significant effort be produced at the start of closing.

Au contraire l'invention comprend tous les équivalents techniques des moyens décrits ainsi que leurs combinaisons si celles-ci sont effectuées suivant son esprit.On the contrary, the invention includes all the technical equivalents of the means described thus as their combinations if these are carried out according to his spirit.

Claims (8)

Actionneur magnétique, notamment pour ouvrir les contacts d'un appareil de coupure tel un disjoncteur et/ou déclencher ledit disjoncteur en cas de défaut électrique, cet actionneur comprenant un circuit magnétique formé par une culasse ferromagnétique, ladite culasse comprenant une première et une seconde branche sensiblement parallèles entre elles reliées par une pièce de base transversale, une palette mobile montée articulée par l'une de ses extrémités sur l'extrémité libre de la première branche et coopérant par son autre extrémité avec l'extrémité libre de la seconde branche, un moyen de production d'un champs magnétique apte à déplacer la palette en rotation entre une position ouverte de repos de la palette correspondant au fonctionnement normal de l'appareil et une position active correspondant à l'apparition d'un défaut électrique dans l'appareil, dans laquelle l'extrémité libre de la palette est maintenue en position de réluctance minimale par rapport à l'extrémité libre de la seconde branche, la palette précitée (5) étant conformée en L et comprenant un premier bras (7) articulé sur la première branche (2) de la culasse (1) et un second bras (8) sensiblement perpendiculaire au premier bras (7), et coopérant avec la seconde branche (3) de la culasse (1), la seconde branche (3) et le second bras (8) comportant chacun à leur extrémité libre (8a,3a) une partie biseautée (a,b), les deux parties biseautées (a,b) étant de forme complémentaire et étant aptes à être amenées dans une position dans laquelle lesdites parties biseautées (a,b) sont en regard l'une par rapport à l'autre et sensiblement parallèles entre elles en position de fermeture de la palette (5), caractérisé en ce que la seconde branche (3) comporte en outre à son extrémité libre, une face d'extrémité non biseautée (d), en ce que la longueur du premier bras (7) est inférieure à la longueur de la pièce de base précitée (4) et en ce que l'entrefer (e) entre les parties biseautées (a,b) et les parties biseautées elles-mêmes sont agencées par rapport à l'axe de rotation X de telle façon que le couple associé à l'effort d'attraction F de la palette (5) sur la culasse (1) soit maximum en position ouverte de la palette (5) et diminue lorsque la palette (5) passe de la position ouverte à la position fermée.Magnetic actuator, in particular for opening the contacts of a switching device such as a circuit breaker and / or trip said circuit breaker in the event of an electrical fault, this actuator comprising a magnetic circuit formed by a ferromagnetic yoke, said cylinder head comprising first and second branches which are substantially parallel interconnected by a transverse base piece, a movable pallet mounted articulated by one of its ends on the free end of the first branch and cooperating at its other end with the free end of the second branch, a means of producing a magnetic field capable of moving the rotating pallet between an open pallet rest position corresponding to the operation normal of the device and an active position corresponding to the appearance of a fault electric in the device, in which the free end of the pallet is kept in minimum reluctance position relative to the free end of the second branch, the aforementioned pallet (5) being L-shaped and comprising a first articulated arm (7) on the first branch (2) of the cylinder head (1) and a second arm (8) substantially perpendicular to the first arm (7), and cooperating with the second branch (3) of the cylinder head (1), the second branch (3) and the second arm (8) each having at their free end (8a, 3a) one bevelled part (a, b), the two bevelled parts (a, b) being of complementary shape and being able to be brought into a position in which said bevelled parts (a, b) are opposite one another and substantially parallel to each other in the closed position of the pallet (5), characterized in that the second branch (3) further comprises at its free end, a face non-bevelled end (d), in that the length of the first arm (7) is less than the length of the aforementioned basic part (4) and in that the air gap (e) between the parts bevelled (a, b) and the bevelled parts themselves are arranged relative to the axis of rotation X in such a way that the torque associated with the attraction force F of the pallet (5) on the cylinder head (1) is maximum in the open position of the pallet (5) and decreases when the pallet (5) passes from the open position to the closed position. Actionneur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'entrefer (e) entre les parties biseautées (a,b) et les parties biseautées (a,b) elles-mêmes sont agencées par rapport à l'axe de rotation X de la palette (5) de telle manière que, au voisinage de la position de fermeture de la palette (5), la direction de la force d'attraction F passe par ledit axe de rotation X, cette position de la palette (5) correspondant à un couple nul.Actuator according to claim 1, characterized in that the air gap (e) between the parts bevelled (a, b) and the bevelled parts (a, b) themselves are arranged relative to the axis of rotation X of the pallet (5) in such a way that, in the vicinity of the position of closing of the pallet (5), the direction of the force of attraction F passes through said axis of rotation X, this position of the pallet (5) corresponding to zero torque. Actionneur selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la palette précitée (5) peut encore être déplacée quelque peu en rotation dans le sens de sa fermeture au delà de la position précitée correspondant à un couple nul, le couple exercé pendant ce déplacement supplémentaire, étant alors inversé, réalisant de ce fait un freinage de la palette (5).Actuator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the aforementioned pallet (5) can still be moved somewhat in rotation in the direction of its closure beyond of the above position corresponding to zero torque, the torque exerted during this additional displacement, being then reversed, thereby achieving a braking of the pallet (5). Actionneur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le moyen de production du champs magnétique comprenant une bobine (6), l'entrefer dit principal (e), entre l'extrémité (3a) de la seconde branche (3) et l'extrémité libre (5b) de la palette (5), est situé à l'intérieur de la bobine (6).Actuator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the means for producing the magnetic field comprising a coil (6), the so-called main air gap, between the end (3a) of the second branch (3) and the free end (5b) of the pallet (5) is located inside the coil (6). Actionneur selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que l'entrefer dit principal (e) est situé à mi-longueur de la bobine (6).Actuator according to claim 4, characterized in that the said main air gap is located mid-length of the spool (6). Actionneur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les deux extrémités libres (5b,3a) respectivement de la palette (5) et de la seconde branche (3), comportent chacune une face biseautée (a,b) et une face non biseautée (c,d).Actuator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the two free ends (5b, 3a) of the pallet (5) and of the second respectively branch (3), each have a bevelled face (a, b) and a non-bevelled face (CD). Actionneur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le circuit magnétique est feuilleté.Actuator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the magnetic circuit is laminated. Disjoncteur comprenant un actionneur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes.A circuit breaker comprising an actuator according to any one of claims previous.
EP00410016A 1999-03-02 2000-02-16 Magnetic actuator with pivoting armature, in particular for a circuit breaker, and circuit breaker with such an actuator Expired - Lifetime EP1033736B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9902839A FR2790593B1 (en) 1999-03-02 1999-03-02 MAGNETIC ACTUATOR WITH A PALLET IN PARTICULAR FOR A CIRCUIT BREAKER AND CIRCUIT BREAKER PROVIDED WITH SUCH AN ACTUATOR
FR9902839 1999-03-02

Publications (2)

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EP1033736A1 true EP1033736A1 (en) 2000-09-06
EP1033736B1 EP1033736B1 (en) 2006-07-05

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EP00410016A Expired - Lifetime EP1033736B1 (en) 1999-03-02 2000-02-16 Magnetic actuator with pivoting armature, in particular for a circuit breaker, and circuit breaker with such an actuator

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EP (1) EP1033736B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1181506C (en)
AT (1) ATE332569T1 (en)
DE (1) DE60029152T2 (en)
DK (1) DK1033736T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2265899T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2790593B1 (en)
NO (1) NO20000754L (en)
PL (1) PL194996B1 (en)
PT (1) PT1033736E (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1258897A1 (en) * 2001-05-17 2002-11-20 Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. Clapper-type electromagnet assembly
FR2972844A1 (en) * 2011-03-15 2012-09-21 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Rotary bi-stable actuator for switch, has magnetic yoke including two branches, and actuating coil generating magnetic flux for displacement of transverse frame from open position to closed position
WO2014094809A1 (en) * 2012-12-21 2014-06-26 Festo Ag & Co. Kg Electromechanical drive arrangement and solenoid valve

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102522271B (en) * 2011-12-31 2014-06-18 常熟开关制造有限公司(原常熟开关厂） Trip electromagnet for circuit breaker
JP6161694B2 (en) 2012-06-11 2017-07-12 ラビナル・エル・エル・シー Electrical switching device and relay including a ferromagnetic or magnetic armature having a tapered portion

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CH72323A (en) * 1914-11-30 1916-05-01 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Maximum time relay
GB103641A (en) * 1916-01-10 1917-07-05 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie An Improved Resilient Pivotal Connection between an Alternating Current Electro Magnet and its Armature.
FR613481A (en) * 1925-07-20 1926-11-18 Jules Richard Sa Des Ets Improvement in electromagnets
DE572086C (en) * 1931-06-16 1933-03-10 Aeg Magnet with sliding armature, especially for overcurrent release of electrical switches
CH209749A (en) * 1938-08-29 1940-04-30 Sodeco Compteurs De Geneve Electromagnet, particularly applicable to telephone installations.

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DE1098589B (en) * 1954-03-18 1961-02-02 Siemens Ag Quick release, especially for installation in motor protection switches

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH72323A (en) * 1914-11-30 1916-05-01 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Maximum time relay
GB103641A (en) * 1916-01-10 1917-07-05 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie An Improved Resilient Pivotal Connection between an Alternating Current Electro Magnet and its Armature.
FR613481A (en) * 1925-07-20 1926-11-18 Jules Richard Sa Des Ets Improvement in electromagnets
DE572086C (en) * 1931-06-16 1933-03-10 Aeg Magnet with sliding armature, especially for overcurrent release of electrical switches
CH209749A (en) * 1938-08-29 1940-04-30 Sodeco Compteurs De Geneve Electromagnet, particularly applicable to telephone installations.

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1258897A1 (en) * 2001-05-17 2002-11-20 Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. Clapper-type electromagnet assembly
FR2972844A1 (en) * 2011-03-15 2012-09-21 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Rotary bi-stable actuator for switch, has magnetic yoke including two branches, and actuating coil generating magnetic flux for displacement of transverse frame from open position to closed position
WO2014094809A1 (en) * 2012-12-21 2014-06-26 Festo Ag & Co. Kg Electromechanical drive arrangement and solenoid valve

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ES2265899T3 (en) 2007-03-01
PL194996B1 (en) 2007-07-31
EP1033736B1 (en) 2006-07-05
FR2790593B1 (en) 2001-05-04
DK1033736T3 (en) 2006-11-06
DE60029152T2 (en) 2007-05-31
PT1033736E (en) 2006-10-31
DE60029152D1 (en) 2006-08-17
FR2790593A1 (en) 2000-09-08
NO20000754L (en) 2000-09-04
ATE332569T1 (en) 2006-07-15
CN1181506C (en) 2004-12-22
CN1265513A (en) 2000-09-06
NO20000754D0 (en) 2000-02-15
PL338665A1 (en) 2000-09-11

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