EP1027177B1 - Verfahren zum herstellen von nickel-titan-hohlprofilen - Google Patents
Verfahren zum herstellen von nickel-titan-hohlprofilen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1027177B1 EP1027177B1 EP98962224A EP98962224A EP1027177B1 EP 1027177 B1 EP1027177 B1 EP 1027177B1 EP 98962224 A EP98962224 A EP 98962224A EP 98962224 A EP98962224 A EP 98962224A EP 1027177 B1 EP1027177 B1 EP 1027177B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- block
- core
- hollow
- composite block
- composite
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, rods, wire, tubes, profiles or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, rods, wire, tubes, profiles or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
- B21C23/04—Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
- B21C23/08—Making wire, rods or tubes
- B21C23/085—Making tubes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/22—Making metal-coated products; Making products from two or more metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C33/00—Feeding extrusion presses with metal to be extruded ; Loading the dummy block
- B21C33/004—Composite billet
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/4981—Utilizing transitory attached element or associated separate material
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing Hollow profiles, especially pipes, with a small outside diameter and / or small wall thickness made of a nickel-titanium alloy by reshaping a composite block according to the preamble of claim 1 (see e.g. WO-A-95 31298).
- a shape memory alloy can contain ternary components (e.g. iron, chromium or Aluminum) included.
- ternary components e.g. iron, chromium or Aluminum
- the ratio of nickel and titanium as well as the presence of ternary admixtures have large Influence on the expression of the thermal and mechanical Shape memory; even small changes in concentration have big changes in material properties result.
- the thermal shape memory In order to use the thermal shape memory for components, becomes an alloy with a suitable composition by cooling without diffusion from the austenitic structure in transformed the martensitic structure.
- a subsequent one Deformation of a component made from this alloy can be achieved by thermal treatment of the component (Heating to temperatures above a certain Transformation temperature) can be reversed again.
- the original austenitic structure is restored set, and the component takes its original Shape.
- the transition temperature is generally denotes the temperature at which the martensite is completely is converted to austenite.
- the transformation temperature is strong on the composition of the alloy and depending on the stresses prevailing in the component. components, which can show a thermal shape memory Generate movements and / or exert forces.
- the mechanical shape memory effect occurs in a component made of a suitable alloy with austenitic Microstructure if the component is in a certain temperature range is deformed. It is for the austenitic
- the structure is more energetically favorable, it is stress-induced convert to martensite, taking elastic strains of up to ten percent can be achieved.
- Alloys which show the properties described above are known under the terms nickel-titanium, titanium-nickel, tea-nee, Memorite R , Nitinol, Tinel R , Flexon R and shape memory alloys. These terms do not refer to a single alloy with a specific composition, but to a family of alloys that show the properties described.
- nickel-titanium alloys in medical technology, where the primary product is a nickel-titanium tube is stents, catheters as well as endoscopic and laparoscopic instruments for the minimally invasive diagnosis and therapy. Even in the other fields of application are intermediate products in the form of Pipes, especially those with a small outside diameter, are required.
- nickel-titanium tubes made by drilling forged bars.
- the pipes typically have outside diameters between 12 and 25 mm. Due to the poor machinability of Nickel-titanium alloys are the process of deep hole drilling very complex, resulting in short downtimes Tools, long processing times and high manufacturing costs leads for the pipes. Further occurs, in particular in the manufacture of thin-walled pipes, a high one Loss of material. Those that arise when drilling or turning Chips represent lost material.
- this method has the disadvantage that through the forming process the metal core an intimate metal connection with the nickel-titanium material forms in the pressed product, so that to remove the Core material to obtain a hollow molded product, an additional processing step is required for example by drilling out and / or chemical triggering of the core material. Furthermore, is not in all cases the one-time extrusion of the composite block is a desired, small profile dimensions achievable.
- the invention has for its object a method to provide with the hollow profiles or tubes from a Nickel-titanium alloy with a small outside diameter and / or a small wall thickness inexpensively and efficiently can be produced.
- the hollow profiles or Pipes can have any cross-sectional shape. Under a tube is also any profile tube or hollow profile understood.
- the invention is based on the idea of both the processing effort as well as the amount of waste lost Nickel-Titanium by reducing the hollow block is stabilized during forming with a core, the Core itself is reshaped and both in terms of its Material as well as its shape for further use suitable is.
- the core consists of according to the invention a nickel-titanium alloy.
- the one to a massive full profile reshaped core can be used as wire, for example further used or as a semi-finished product in further processing steps to be used. In this way it is created less waste of the raw material, which is expensive to manufacture.
- a Nickel-titanium raw material zoned, and the spaces are covered with a separation layer, for example a non-metallic powder material that does not combine with nickel-titanium.
- a separation layer for example a non-metallic powder material that does not combine with nickel-titanium.
- the Dimensions of the formed products depend on the geometry and the zone division in the composite block and the selected one Forming process. According to the invention, the number and the diameter the individual zones can be designed variably and depends on the desired formed products.
- the material forming the separating layer has the task a touch of the individual zones before, during and after prevent reshaping of the composite block to achieve that the individual parts of the formed composite block can be easily separated from each other after forming can.
- a first advantageous embodiment can be found therein exist that the composite block by means of an extrusion process is formed in which the composite block as a heated press block in a block receiver Press used and by pressing a ram is pressed through the opening of a die. Doing so the hollow block, which are extruded into a tube during extrusion with one inserted in it Core stabilized. The core can be extruded be removed.
- the method according to the invention is so far with one step from a multiple composite extrusion process comparable, but in contrast to the classic, repeatedly repeated composite extrusion presses a single extrusion can suffice and further the components of the composite strand obtained after Extrusion presses to extract a pipe are isolated.
- the invention can Squeeze procedure with a lower one Pressure to be worked, reducing the wear of the Press tools is reduced. Because of the small outside diameter of the pipe manufactured according to the invention in any subsequent forming work, for example when cold drawing, with a smaller outside diameter be started, which saves processing steps become.
- Another advantageous embodiment of a forming process can consist in that the composite block by means of a warm drawing, cold drawing, rolling, round hammer or pilger process is reshaped.
- the result is Tube stabilized by the core during forming.
- nickel-titanium alloys which is usually a forming ratio with extrusion of a maximum of 20: 1
- the composite block with one or more further Hollow blocks formed around the first hollow block are arranged and each have a separation layer have between adjacent hollow blocks, in which second step comprising several hollow blocks and the core Composite block is formed.
- second step comprising several hollow blocks and the core Composite block is formed.
- the core provided hole can be the hole in a block or drilled or milled through a block. There this inevitably leads to a loss of material, too if the hole, except for the separation gap, is covered by a solid Profile is populated according to a preferred Feature of the invention proposed that the composite block, a hollow block or the core by lowering or Wire EDM of a massive nickel-titanium block, one Nickel-titanium hollow blocks or another nickel-titanium workpiece is formed.
- nickel-titanium workpieces can be processed advantageously, in particular when removing or separating a part, in particular a solid core or a hollow profile, from one Block.
- the use of a tubular one is preferred Electrode made of copper or a copper alloy.
- the method according to the invention relates to the production pipes made of a nickel-titanium alloy, in particular a shape memory alloy described above.
- the alloys used can be binary be or contain ternary additions.
- Preferably is the process used to manufacture pipes a nickel-titanium alloy with super elastic properties. Even the one that was formed into a solid full profile Core preferably has super-elastic properties.
- the outer diameter of the pressed depends Compound blocks and thus the outer tube of the diameter of the opening of the die, which is not arbitrary is selectable small. The smaller it is, the bigger is the pressure to be applied and the less is the service life of the press tools.
- Around the outside diameter of a pipe is further reduced formed composite block in a second possibility according to the invention to manufacture the composite output block before removing the reduced core into a second one Hole made in another hollow block made of a nickel-titanium alloy was incorporated to form a Multiple composite block, the further, perforated hollow block and the first, formed composite block with the reduced core, used, the one thus formed second composite block a separation layer between the serving as the core first composite block and the second Has composite block.
- the multiple composite block becomes then a multiple composite rod using extrusion pressed out, the diameter of the further, perforated hollow block, the first hollow block and of the core can be reduced. This also applies accordingly for composite blocks with several layers and for others Forming processes.
- the reshaped composite block comprises one of those second, reduced hollow block formed second tube, the first, further reduced pipe and the further reduced Core. After forming, the pipes are separated and the reduced core removed.
- this two-stage Forming for example extrusion, can be done with a larger die opening, what advantageous to the applied pressure and affects the service life of the pressing tools.
- After separating the tubes and the core removal stand two extruded tubes with different diameters available for further processing.
- the reshaped multiple composite trestle before the pipes are isolated and the core will be removed, into another hole, which was worked into another hollow block and the further multiple composite block thus formed formed to produce another tube.
- the insertion and reshaping can be repeated with each tube forming another tube becomes.
- the procedure can also be carried out in such a way that the one or more reduced core and the first, innermost Pipe can be removed from the reduced block (if necessary together with one or more to the first pipe adjacent further pipes), then in the remaining block is another core made of nickel titanium or another material used, the so formed Block is reshaped and further reduced, namely either as is or inserted into one another hollow block. In this way it is possible To produce pipes with a uniform, small diameter, with fewer pipes of larger diameter.
- the block to be formed or the required hollow blocks each have a hole, whose diameter is preferably between 10 mm and 60 mm, is preferably between 20 mm and 40 mm.
- the hole will preferably eroded, but can also be on another Way into the material. It has a through hole opposite a blind hole the advantage that during forming, especially pressing, not a solid piece, i.e. a section of the squeezed Rod without a core, which is used to create a tube must first be separated and represents lost material.
- the Composite block reshaped to a diameter that is essentially the diameter of the first hole in the core before forming.
- the reshaped Compound block in another hollow block with same core diameter as the previous hollow block for Formation of a multiple composite block can be used.
- the multiple composite block can also advantageously be on a diameter to be formed, which is essentially the diameter of the composite block serving as the core corresponds to the forming. In this way, the reshaped Multiple composite block in another hollow block with the same core diameter to form another Multiple composite blocks can be used.
- the required diameter of the formed composite block or multiple composite blocks is replaced by a corresponding Dimensioning of the forming tools obtained.
- These process variants include the advantage that in the required hollow blocks holes with a uniform diameter can be incorporated, what the effort for block preparation reduced.
- the outer diameter of the first is advantageously Hollow blocks or tube after the first forming step less than 40 mm, preferably less than 25 mm.
- the wall thickness a thin-walled tube is usually between 2% and 10% of the outside diameter.
- the first hollow block 1 shown in Figure 1 is made of a Shape memory alloy with super elastic properties manufactured, for example forged.
- a continuous first hole 7 is worked, e.g. drilled.
- the diameter d1 of the first Hole 7 is approximately 30 mm.
- a sliding layer 2 made of a friction reducing Material applied is on the surface of the first before forming Hollow block 1 .
- a sliding layer 2 made of a friction reducing Material applied.
- Embodiment comprises the sliding layer 2 copper and was applied in that the first hollow block 1 in a copper tube with a corresponding diameter is inserted has been.
- a copper layer can, for example can also be applied by plasma or flame spraying.
- the sliding layer 2 can also be made of glass or another Material. Copper has one at Extrusion frequently used sliding layer made of glass the advantage that in a subsequent cold forming process, for example pulling, also as a sliding layer can serve. A glass sliding layer, however, must be removed beforehand in order to protect the forming tools. However, the sliding layer 2 can also use other materials, especially graphite or a paste applied include ceramic substance applied as sludge.
- the total diameter d2 of the first hollow block 1 inclusive applied sliding layer 2 in the following referred to as the press block diameter) in the shown Embodiment in about 110 mm.
- a sliding layer 2 could be omitted if for the forming tools (e.g. extrusion) a material is used which the nickel-titanium alloy has essentially no inclination shows for welding, or selected a forming process where there is no welding.
- a core 3 is used, whose diameter d3 including one applied Separating layer 4 (hereinafter referred to as core diameter) essentially the diameter d1 of the first hole 7 corresponds.
- the core 3 also comprises a nickel-titanium alloy. It therefore shows the same when pressed Flow behavior like the first hollow block 1.
- a Alloy composition chosen that has a higher martensite-austenite transition temperature than the alloy of the first hollow block 1. This is beneficial for the removal of the core 3 described below the forming.
- the core 3 has the task of the first hollow block 1 at Forming into a first tube to stabilize. Also determined he, since its diameter also when squeezing is reduced, the inner diameter of the first tube. Therefore, it is advantageous if the core 3 is a material has a similar or the same when reshaping Flow behavior like the alloy of the first hollow block 1 shows. In this way, the composite block diameter d2 and the core diameter d3 evenly during forming reduced, i.e. the ratio of the cross sectional area of the first hollow block 1 including sliding layer 2 to the Cross-sectional area of the core 3 including the separating layer 4 remains essentially before and after the forming equal. Thus, the outside and inside diameter of the resulting pipe for given starting conditions (in particular composite block diameter d2, core diameter d3, diameter of the die opening during extrusion) be calculated.
- core 3 also includes a super elastic alloy.
- the core 3 comprise a copper-chromium alloy. This shows a similar flow behavior as the nickel-titanium alloy of the first hollow block 1.
- the separating layer 4 has the task of diffusing Atoms between core 3 and first press block 1 when pressed to prevent.
- one is made by means of a forming process manufactured core 3 used.
- a forming process manufactured core 3 used for the production of the core 3 is, as shown in Figure 2, on a solid core press block 11 made of a shape memory alloy a sliding layer 4a made of copper.
- the core press block 11 becomes one Formed strand.
- the strand is cut to length, whereby the actual core 3 is formed ( Figure 3).
- the one on the Sliding layer 4a located on the outer surface of the core 3 can serve as a separating layer 4 in the further process.
- the core 3 by means of the invention Forming or extrusion processes are produced.
- the core 3 is, as shown in Figure 1, inserted into the first hole 7 of the first hollow block 1.
- a separate separating layer 4 is applied upon insertion.
- the shaping by extrusion is based on the figures 4 and 5 explained.
- the composite block is used for pressing 10 from FIG. 1, which shows the first hollow block 1 and the core 3 includes, heated to about 900 to 950 ° C and in a heatable Block picker 16 of a press 15 used.
- the temperature depends on the alloys used. For other nickel-titanium alloys, the extrusion temperature can be typically lie between 850 and 950 ° C.
- the even flow of Core 3 and hollow block 1 can improve this before the pressing separately from each other to different Temperatures warmed, then assembled and then pressed together to form a formed composite block 12 become.
- the composite block 10 is preferred by indirect Extrusion ( Figure 5) pressed out.
- the indirect extrusion has opposite the direct advantage that between near the edge and areas of the composite block 10 located further inside essentially no different when pressed Flow rates occur. This results in a largely homogeneous material flow, that of an undesirable Counteracts wall thickness fluctuation of the resulting pipe. Due to the lower pressing force requirement and better material flow due to the lack of friction the indirect between the transducer and the press block Extrusion preferred.
- the reduced core 3a can be removed from tube 1a after a single shaping.
- the formed composite block 12 is treated mechanically.
- To the reduced core 3a becomes at a temperature below the transition temperature of the core material is stretched. At this temperature, tube 1a remains austenitic and thus elastic state, while the reduced Core 3a plastically deformed in the martensitic area becomes.
- the reduced Core 3a longer (change in length up to 10%) and thinner and can thus be pulled out of the tube 1a.
- the stretching is preferably carried out by clamping the reduced Core 3a on one side and the tube 1a on the other side. More options, the reduced To loosen core 3a mechanically especially milling, rolling and hammering the composite block 12th
- the composite block 12 To remove or loosen the reduced core 3a the composite block 12 also undergoes thermal shock treatment be subjected. As a result of material or composition differences voltages are induced, those for releasing the reduced core 3a in the tube 1a lead, so that they are then pulled out can.
- the composite block 12 can also be chemically treated to the reduced Remove or loosen core 3a.
- the composite block becomes the core of a copper-chromium alloy treated with nitric acid, for example, the reduced core 3a dissolves or dissolves, the nickel-titanium tube but does not attack. Mechanical, chemical or thermal methods to remove or loosen the reduced Kerns 3a can also be used in combination become.
- separating layer 4 When using suitable materials as separating layer 4 can the parts without complex procedures, for example by simply pulling them apart.
- the sliding layer 2 on the composite block 12 from the first pressing process can be used as Serve separation layer.
- the composite block 10 without The sliding layer 2 is pressed out onto the composite block 12 a separate one before inserting it into the second hole 8 Separation layer applied.
- the diameter d6 of the second hole 8 corresponds to the diameter d1 of the first hole 7 in the first hollow block 1.
- the multiple composite block 13 thus formed, the second Hollow block 5 and the composite block 12 with a reduced core 3a comprises, for example by means of extrusion an outer diameter d7, which is essentially the diameter d6 corresponds to the composite block 12 used, reshaped ( Figure 8).
- the diameter of the second hollow block 5 and the composite block 12 reduced.
- the reformed multiple composite block 14 includes one of those second hollow block 5 formed second tube 5a, the further reduced, first tube 1a and the further reduced Core 3a. Because the same geometrical pressure ratio when pressing as used in the first pressing step the second tube 5a has an outer diameter of approx. 30 mm and an inner diameter of approx. 8 mm, the first tube 1a, on the other hand, has an outer diameter of approximately 8 mm and an inner diameter of approx. 2.2 mm.
- the reduced core 3a becomes as above described, removed.
- the concentric, nested Pipes 1a, 5a of the multiple composite block 14 are sporadically.
- the pipes 1a, 5a thus produced stand available for further forming work.
- the reshaped Core 3a can be used as wire or further processed become.
- the second forming stage can be used before separating of tubes 1a, 5a and the removal of the reduced core 3a of the multiple composite block 14 one or more others Connect forming stages to the pipe diameter still further reduce.
- the reduced core with one or more internal tubes removed and replaced by another Core to be replaced can be replaced.
- Figures 9 to 20 illustrate an inventive Process for the production of thin hollow profiles made of nickel-titanium alloys, in which the starting material divided into three zones and the zones between non-metallic powder materials are filled.
- the Forming is preferably carried out by extrusion, whereby a strand-shaped pressed product is created in which the zone structure preserved. Due to the powder material in the individual parts do not come into the intermediate zones in contact with each other, so that after the forming in tubular hollow profiles with different diameters and a solid profile can be separated.
- the figures 9 to 20 show an embodiment with a Core and two tubular hollow blocks arranged around it with spaces in between. Other variants can only have one or more than two Include hollow blocks.
- FIGS. 9 to 12 illustrate how a solid, cylindrical nickel-titanium raw material in three zones comprising the core 3, the first hollow block 1 and the second hollow block 5 is divided.
- the division can preferably be done by spark erosion.
- the division by wire EDM It can be done with a Wire that is thinner than the joint width along the The extent of the joint on both its inside and on its Outside diameter of the starting material can be cut.
- the process of wire EDM has the advantage that little waste material arises, since a compact, recyclable sleeve with the dimensions of the parting line 23 or 24 arises.
- die sinking EDM which is illustrated in FIGS. 11 and 12 is the cross section of the parting line 23 or 24 eroded out.
- the electrodes are thin-walled Pipes made of copper or a copper alloy, their diameter corresponds to the diameter of the joints.
- the Electrodes can erode around their longitudinal axis and / or are moved along their longitudinal axis.
- Die-sinking EDM is the same as the parting lines 23, 24 Material as fine erosion waste.
- Die sinking EDM has the advantage that, provided the electrodes not completely through the starting material be a floor at one end of the block remains, which stabilizes the arrangement and in the subsequent Filling the parting lines 23, 24 with a Interface-forming material is advantageous to that To facilitate filling and to prevent falling out.
- the bottom is at the right end of the illustration to recognize.
- Both wire and sinker EDM have opposite other processes such as drilling etc. that little waste of nickel-titanium arises, since only the material the parting lines 23, 24 or part of this material as waste.
- a first hollow block 1 and a second hollow block 5 After dividing the starting material into a core 3, a first hollow block 1 and a second hollow block 5 the parting lines 23, 24 formed are filled with powder, so that a composite block 10 with three nickel-titanium zones and two zone gaps are created.
- Figures 13 to 16 show such finished, for pressing prepared composite blocks 10. They are with a sleeve 25 clad in copper to provide a direct extrusion Contact between the nickel titanium of the second To prevent hollow blocks 5 and the die and a Welding between nickel titanium and the tool steel to avoid. Also on the end faces of the composite blocks 10 is for this purpose a disk 26 made of a high-strength Copper alloy attached.
- the block ends with a second disc 27 made of a high copper alloy Tightness locked.
- guide pieces 22 are provided, the parting lines 23, 24 or sections in Fill in the area of the block ends.
- 14 and 16 to which second discs 27 may be formed. 14 also points the disc 26 guide pieces 22, because the parting lines 23, 24 go right through the material. 16 is into the right end of the block through the EDM left webs stabilized.
- the powder material used to fill the parting lines 23, 24 consists preferably of hard, temperature-resistant Metal oxides such as aluminum oxide powder, that has the ability during the forming process the change in shape of the nickel-titanium material to slide accordingly without causing plastic deformation the oxide particles take place.
- FIG. 17 shows how the prepared composite block 10 hot formed into an extrusion by extrusion becomes. Both direct and indirect extrusion is also possible. This is preferred indirect extrusion shown in FIG. 17.
- the composite block 10 is inserted into the block receiver 16 and by the pressing process, in which the block receiver 16 and the ram 19 together with the pressing composite block 10 in the direction of on a Hollow punch 20 lying die 17 moves against the Press die 17 pressed and to a formed composite block 12 formed into a strand.
- Figures 19 and 20 show a numerical example of a method according to the invention according to Figures 9 to 18, in which a nickel-titanium press block with a three-zone division after hot forming by extrusion, in which the diameter and wall thickness of the individual parts are reduced , is divided into three pressed products.
- a nickel-titanium press block with a three-zone division after hot forming by extrusion in which the diameter and wall thickness of the individual parts are reduced , is divided into three pressed products.
- the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the composite block 10 to be pressed, which corresponds to the cross-sectional area of the block receiver, to the cross-sectional area of the strand block 12, which corresponds to the cross-sectional area of the die opening, is 18.
- the individual zones and zone gaps are also formed with a pressing ratio of 18: 1.
- the dimensions of the individual zones in the composite block 10 and in the formed composite block 12 shown in FIGS. 19 and 20 are approximately as follows: D 1 110 mm, D 2 108 mm, D 3 89 mm, D4 76 mm, D 5 63 mm, D 6 51 mm, D 11 26 mm, D 22 25.5 mm, D 33 21 mm, D 44 18 mm, D 55 15 mm and D 66 12 mm.
- a possible further compression of the powder material contained in the parting lines 23, 24 as parting layer is not taken into account during the pressing process, which can lead to a slight deviation in the product dimensions. However, this effect can be compensated for by a corresponding change in the diameter of the individual zones in the composite block 10.
- the reduced core 3a is a round, full profile with a diameter D 66 .
- the formed first hollow block 1a is a tube with an outer diameter D 44 and an inner diameter D 55 .
- the formed second hollow block 5a is a second tube 5a with an outer diameter D 22 and an inner diameter D 33 . If a sleeve 25 made of copper was used, it is covered with an approximately 0.25 mm thin copper layer (diameter D 11 ).
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Description
- Fig. 1
- einen Längsschnitt durch einen Verbundblock,
- Fig. 2
- einen Längsschnitt durch einen Kern-Preßblock,
- Fig. 3
- einen Längsschnitt durch einen Kern,
- Fig. 4
- eine schematische Darstellung einer Vorrichtung zum direkten Strangpressen,
- Fig. 5
- eine schematische Darstellung einer Vorrichtung zum indirekten Strangpressen,
- Fig. 6
- einen ausschnittsweisen Längsschnitt durch einen umgeformten Verbundblock,
- Fig. 7
- einen Längsschnitt durch einen Mehrfachverbundblock,
- Fig. 8
- einen ausschnittsweisen Längsschnitt durch einen umgeformten Mehrfachverbundblock,
- Fig. 9
- einen Querschnitt eines in drei Zonen geteilten, drahterodierten Blocks,
- Fig. 10
- einen Längsschnitt zu Fig. 9,
- Fig. 11
- einen Querschnitt eines in drei Zonen geteilten, senkerodierten Blocks,
- Fig. 12
- einen Längsschnitt zu Fig. 11,
- Fig. 13
- den zum Strangpressen vorbereiteten Block gemäß Fig. 9,
- Fig. 14
- einen Längsschnitt zu Fig. 13,
- Fig. 15
- dem zum Strangpressen vorbereiteten Block gemäß Fig. 11,
- Fig. 16
- einen Längsschnitt zu Fig. 15,
- Fig. 17
- einen Längsschnitt des Verbundblocks aus Fig. 14 oder 16 beim Strangpressen,
- Fig. 18
- das Vereinzeln des umgeformten Verbundblocks aus Fig. 17,
- Fig. 19
- einen Querschnitt entsprechend Fig. 11 und
- Fig. 20
- den Querschnitt der Fig. 19 nach dem Umformen.
- 1
- erster Hohlblock
- 1a
- umgeformter Hohlblock
- 2
- Gleitschicht auf 1
- 3
- Kern
- 3a
- reduzierter Kern
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- Trennschicht
- 4a
- Gleitschicht auf 3
- 5
- zweiter Hohlblock
- 5a
- zweites Rohr
- 6
- Gleitschicht auf 5
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- erstes Loch
- 8
- zweites Loch
- 10
- Verbundblock
- 11
- Kern-Preßblock
- 12
- umgeformter Verbundblock
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- Mehrfachverbundblock
- 14
- umgeformter Mehrfachverbundblock
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- Presse
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- Blockaufnehmer
- 17
- Matrize
- 18
- Öffnung der Matrize
- 19
- Preßstempel
- 20
- Hohlstempel
- 21
- Pfeilrichtung
- 22
- Führungsstück
- 23
- Trennfuge
- 24
- Trennfuge
- 25
- Hülse
- 26
- Scheibe
- 27
- zweite Scheibe
- d1
- Durchmesser von 7
- d2
- Durchmesser von 1 einschließlich 2
- d3
- Durchmesser von 3 einschließlich 4 bzw. 4a
- d4
- Durchmesser von 12
- d5
- Durchmesser von 5 einschließlich 6
- d6
- Durchmesser von 8
- d7
- Durchmesser von 14
Claims (18)
- Verfahren zum Herstellen von Hohlprofilen mit kleinem Außendurchmesser und/oder kleiner Wanddicke aus einer Nickel-Titan-Legierung durch Umformen eines Verbundblocks, wobei
in einem ersten Schritt ein Verbundblock (10) gebildet wird, der einen massiven Kern (3) aus einer Nickel-Titan-Legierung, einen den Kern (3) umgebenden ersten Hohlblock (1) aus einer Nickel-Titan-Legierung und eine Trennschicht (4, 23) zwischen dem ersten Hohlblock (1) und dem Kern (3) umfaßt,
in einem zweiten Schritt der Verbundblock (10) mittels eines Umformverfahrens umgeformt wird und
in einem dritten Schritt der zu einem ersten Hohlprofil (1a) umgeformte erste Hohlblock und der umgeformte Kern (3a) aus dem umgeformten Verbundblock (12) entfernt werden,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
entweder der Verbundblock (10) mit einem oder mehreren weiteren Hohlblöcken (5) gebildet wird, die um den ersten Hohlblock (1) angeordnet sind und jeweils eine Trennschicht (4, 24) zwischen benachbarten Hohlblöcken (1, 5) aufweisen und in dem zweiten Schritt der mehrere Hohlblöcke (1, 5) und den Kern (3) umfassende Verbundblock (10) umgeformt wird oder nach dem zweiten und vor dem dritten Schritt der umgeformte, erste Verbundblock (12) als Kern in einen weiteren Hohlblock (5) aus einer Nickel-Titan-Legierung eingesetzt wird, wobei der so gebildete zweite Verbundblock eine Trennschicht (4) zwischen dem Kern und dem weiteren Hohlblock aufweist, anschließend der zweite Verbundblock mittels eines Umformverfahrens umgeformt wird und danach in dem dritten Schritt der zu einem Hohlprofil umgeformte weitere Hohlblock, der weiter umgeformte erste Verbundblock und der weiter umgeformte Kern aus dem umgeformten zweiten Verbundblock entfernt werden. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Verbundblock (10) mittels eines Strangpreßverfahrens umgeformt wird, bei dem der Verbundblock (10) als erwärmter Preßblock in einen Blockaufnehmer (16) einer Presse (15) eingesetzt und mittels Druck eines Preßstempels (19) durch die Öffnung (18) einer Matrize (17) gepreßt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich der Verbundblock (10) beim Auspressen relativ zu dem Blockaufnehmer (16) bewegt (direktes Strangpressen).
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich die an einer Spitze eines Hohlstempels (20) angeordnete Matrize (17) beim Auspressen des Verbundblocks (10) relativ zu dem Blockaufnehmer (16) und dem eingesetzten Verbundblock (10) bewegt (indirektes Strangpressen).
- Verfahren nach einem der Anprüche 2 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Verbundblock (10) zum Auspressen auf eine Temperatur zwischen 850 °C und 950 °C, bevorzugt zwischen 900 °C und 950 °C erwärmt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Verbundblock (10) mittels eines Warmzieh-, Kaltzieh-, Walz-, Rundhämmer- oder Pilger-Verfahrens umgeformt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Verbundblock (10) durch Einschieben des Kerns (3) in den ersten Hohlblock (1), insbesondere in ein Hohlprofil, bevorzugt in ein Rohr gebildet wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Verbundblock (10) durch Ineinanderschieben von mehreren Hohlblöcken (1, 5), insbesondere von Hohlprofilen, bevorzugt von Rohren, gebildet wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zum Herstellen eines Hohlblocks (10) mit einem zum Einschieben des Kerns (3) vorgesehenen Loch (7) das Loch (7) in einen Block oder durch einen Block gebohrt oder gefräst wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Verbundblock (10), ein Hohlblock (1, 5) oder der Kern (3) durch Senkoder Drahterodierung eines massiven Nickel-Titan-Blocks, eines Nickel-Titan-Hohlblocks oder eines anderen Nickel-Titan-Werkstücks gebildet wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß, bevor die umgeformten Hohlblöcke und der Kern vereinzelt werden, das Einsetzen eines erhaltenen, umgeformten Verbundblocks in einen weiteren Hohlblock aus einer Nickel-Titan-Legierung und das Umformen des so gebildeten Verbundblocks ein- oder mehrfach wiederholt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in dem zweiten Schritt der Verbundblock auf einen Durchmesser (d4) umgeformt wird, der im wesentlichen dem Durchmesser (d1) des Kerns vor dem zweiten Schritt entspricht, so daß der umgeformte Verbundblock als Kern in einen weiteren Hochblock mit demselben Kerndurchmesser wie der erste Verbundblock einsetzbar ist.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der umgeformte Verbundblock (12) zum Entfernen eines Hohlprofils (1a, 5a) oder des Kerns (3a) mechanisch behandelt, einer thermischen Schockbehandlung unterzogen oder chemisch behandelt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Durchmesser eines Kerns in einem Verbundblock vor dem Umformen einen Durchmesser zwischen 10 mm und 60 mm, bevorzugt zwischen 20 mm und 40 mm beträgt.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Außendurchmesser eines Verbundblocks nach einem Umformschritt weniger als 40 mm, bevorzugt weniger als 25 mm beträgt.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Hohlblock und/oder der Kern eine Nickel-Titan-Legierung mit superelastischen Eigenschaften bzw. eine Formgedächtnislegierung umfaßt.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß für den Kern eine Nickel-Titan-Legierung gewählt wird, die eine höhere Martensit-Austenit-Umwandlungstemperatur als die Legierung des Hohlblocks aufweist.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zum Heraus- oder Abtrennen eines Kerns oder eines Hohlprofils aus einem Block das Nickel-Titan-Werkstück mit einem Funkenerosionsverfahren, insbesondere mittels Senkoder Drahterodierung bearbeitet wird.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19748125 | 1997-10-31 | ||
| DE19748125 | 1997-10-31 | ||
| PCT/DE1998/003262 WO1999022886A1 (de) | 1997-10-31 | 1998-10-29 | Verfahren zum herstellen von nickel-titan-hohlprofilen |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1027177A1 EP1027177A1 (de) | 2000-08-16 |
| EP1027177B1 true EP1027177B1 (de) | 2002-05-15 |
Family
ID=7847200
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP98962224A Expired - Lifetime EP1027177B1 (de) | 1997-10-31 | 1998-10-29 | Verfahren zum herstellen von nickel-titan-hohlprofilen |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6453536B1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1027177B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE217551T1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE59804155D1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO1999022886A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6824560B2 (en) | 2001-06-13 | 2004-11-30 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Double-butted superelastic nitinol tubing |
| US20020193781A1 (en) * | 2001-06-14 | 2002-12-19 | Loeb Marvin P. | Devices for interstitial delivery of thermal energy into tissue and methods of use thereof |
| US6799357B2 (en) | 2001-09-20 | 2004-10-05 | Memry Corporation | Manufacture of metal tubes |
| US6694698B2 (en) * | 2002-05-03 | 2004-02-24 | Creative Design & Maching, Inc. | Reinforcement apparatus for monopole towers |
| US7332123B2 (en) * | 2002-12-27 | 2008-02-19 | General Electric Company | Method for manufacturing composite articles and the articles obtained therefrom |
| KR20040088448A (ko) * | 2004-09-21 | 2004-10-16 | 정세영 | 단결정 와이어 제조방법 |
| US20060101890A1 (en) * | 2004-11-15 | 2006-05-18 | Min-Ju Chung | Method for twisting a hollow metal tube |
| WO2006125221A1 (en) * | 2005-05-18 | 2006-11-23 | Midgett Steven G | Composite metal tube and ring and process for producing |
| US7119283B1 (en) * | 2005-06-15 | 2006-10-10 | Schlumberger Technology Corp. | Enhanced armor wires for electrical cables |
| US7159398B1 (en) * | 2005-12-06 | 2007-01-09 | The Boeing Company | Concentric tube shape memory alloy actuator apparatus and method |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1197081A (fr) * | 1957-01-07 | 1959-11-27 | Avesta Jernverks Ab | Procédé de fabrication de tuyaux métalliques sans soudure par filage sous pression |
| JPH0436445A (ja) | 1990-05-31 | 1992-02-06 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | 耐食性チタン合金継目無管の製造方法 |
| US5709021A (en) * | 1994-05-11 | 1998-01-20 | Memry Corp. | Process for the manufacture of metal tubes |
| SE505247C2 (sv) * | 1994-12-07 | 1997-07-21 | Sandvik Ab | Förfarande för tillverkning av rör av minnesmetall |
-
1998
- 1998-10-29 EP EP98962224A patent/EP1027177B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-10-29 AT AT98962224T patent/ATE217551T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-10-29 DE DE59804155T patent/DE59804155D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-10-29 US US09/530,661 patent/US6453536B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-10-29 DE DE19881722T patent/DE19881722D2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-10-29 WO PCT/DE1998/003262 patent/WO1999022886A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1999022886A1 (de) | 1999-05-14 |
| EP1027177A1 (de) | 2000-08-16 |
| US6453536B1 (en) | 2002-09-24 |
| DE19881722D2 (de) | 2000-09-07 |
| DE59804155D1 (de) | 2002-06-20 |
| ATE217551T1 (de) | 2002-06-15 |
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