EP1026380B1 - Combustion engine with a supply device for a combustion medium - Google Patents

Combustion engine with a supply device for a combustion medium Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1026380B1
EP1026380B1 EP00100513A EP00100513A EP1026380B1 EP 1026380 B1 EP1026380 B1 EP 1026380B1 EP 00100513 A EP00100513 A EP 00100513A EP 00100513 A EP00100513 A EP 00100513A EP 1026380 B1 EP1026380 B1 EP 1026380B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion engine
internal combustion
additive
fuel
exhaust gas
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP00100513A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1026380A2 (en
EP1026380A3 (en
Inventor
Werner Engeler
Olaf Bechmann
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Volkswagen AG
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Volkswagen AG
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Publication of EP1026380A2 publication Critical patent/EP1026380A2/en
Publication of EP1026380A3 publication Critical patent/EP1026380A3/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/12—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with non-fuel substances or with anti-knock agents, e.g. with anti-knock fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/0231—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using special exhaust apparatus upstream of the filter for producing nitrogen dioxide, e.g. for continuous filter regeneration systems [CRT]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
    • F01N2430/04—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by adding non-fuel substances to combustion air or fuel, e.g. additives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/029—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a particulate filter

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an internal combustion engine with a supply device for a combustion medium.
  • the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine in particular a diesel internal combustion engine, in addition to other pollutants also contain mainly carbon-containing particles, namely soot particles, which are increasingly produced by incomplete combustion.
  • carbon-containing particles namely soot particles
  • they are filtered by means of a arranged in the exhaust pipe particulate filter from the flowing exhaust gas and collected at the particulate filter. This is problematic because the collected particulate filter affect the flow of exhaust gas and build up a back pressure that can significantly disrupt the function of the exhaust pipe and the engine and in extreme cases put out of action.
  • EP 0 758 731 A1 describes an internal combustion engine with a fuel tank and a supply means for a combustion medium that the at least one combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine is supplied as fuel and air and is discharged from the combustion chamber into an exhaust pipe connected to the combustion chamber, wherein in the exhaust pipe in Flow direction one behind the other lying initially an oxidation catalyst and a particulate filter for filtering particles in the exhaust gas are arranged, so that the exhaust gas purification system corresponds to a CRT system.
  • WO 98/46867 A describes a method for reducing the emission of a diesel internal combustion engine, wherein the internal combustion engine is equipped with a catalyst-coated particulate filter, wherein the platinum coating of the particulate filter for the regeneration of the filter is used.
  • an additive is fed, which causes a lowering of the burning temperature in the particle filter, so the regeneration temperature of the particulate filter.
  • the invention has for its object to stabilize the function of the continuous regeneration in an internal combustion engine of the present type.
  • the internal combustion engine according to the invention takes place due to the Vohandenseins of NO 2 and the additive, a continuous burning of the particles and thus a continuous regeneration of the particulate filter in a combustion temperature range, which is lower by the effectiveness of the additive than the temperature range at which the particles Burn the absence of the additive.
  • the particulate matter that accumulates in each case is insufficient when burned to produce such high temperatures that the particulate filter could overheat and be damaged.
  • the functional area is shifted toward lower temperatures and thus further away from a critical temperature range.
  • the invention also relates to a method for reducing harmful components in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine according to claims 9 and 10, which leads to comparable advantages.
  • the additive can consist of one or more active substances, and it can be added to the combustion medium in the region upstream of the particle filter. There is a good mixing and uniform distribution of the additive in the combustion medium, when the additive is introduced into the fuel, especially in the supply line, or directly into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine.
  • the function is further improved and stabilized when the supply amount of the additive is regulated in accordance with operating parameters of the internal combustion engine, e.g. the magnitude of the power delivered and / or the operating temperature.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of the device according to the invention.
  • the drawing shows a generally designated 1 exhaust system, which is in the form of an exhaust pipe 2 of an internal combustion engine, in particular a diesel engine 3, in the form of a gasoline engine with several, z. B.
  • four cylinders 4 extends, which are shown as combustion chambers 4a, to each of which a supply line 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d extends for combustion air, which branch from a common supply line 5, in which an air filter, not shown, is arranged.
  • Each of the combustion chambers 4a extends a discharge line branch 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, which open into the common exhaust pipe 2 and are parts of the exhaust pipe 2.
  • the internal combustion engine 3 is associated with a supply device 7 for a combustion medium, which consists of a fuel / air mixture and leaves the engine 3 as exhaust gas.
  • a fuel tank 8 is provided, which is connected by a fuel supply line 9 and a fuel return line 11 with the injectors of the cylinder 4, not shown.
  • the supply device 7 is associated with a pump, not shown, which generates a required injection pressure for injection in the fuel and also the promotion of the fuel from the fuel tank 8 to the Injectors and the return of the fuel in the return line 11 can cause the tank.
  • the supply device 7 is associated with a supply device 12 for an agent or additive, which will be described below and the combustion medium in the supply device 7 is supplied by a suitable metering device, wherein the additive in the fuel tank 8 or in the combustion chambers 4a of the cylinder. 4 or can be fed on the paths in between.
  • the supply device 12 comprises a reservoir 13 for the additive, which is connected by a connecting line 14 to the supply line 9, wherein the metering device is provided in the connecting line 14, e.g. in the form of a metering pump 15.
  • the amount of additive which adjusts the metering device in the functional mode may be constant or dependent on certain operating parameters of the internal combustion engine 3 and / or its environment, in particular be regulated depending on the respective power size of the internal combustion engine 3. Accordingly, the metering device is formed in each case, and it can be connected by a control line, not shown, with the existing electronic control or regulating device and be controlled accordingly by this.
  • the exhaust gas emitted by the internal combustion engine 3 flows in the flow direction 16 through the exhaust pipe 2.
  • an oxidation catalyst 17 and a particle filter 18 are arranged one behind the other, that the exhaust gas first passes to the oxidation catalyst 17, flows through it and then to the particle filter 18th passes and flows through it.
  • the oxidation catalyst 17 and the particle filter 18 are each arranged in a housing 17a, 18a whose cross-sectional size is a multiple of the cross-sectional size of before the housing 17a, between the housings 17a, 18a and preferably also after the housing 18a in particular coaxially arranged exhaust pipe sections 2e, 2f, 2g is.
  • the particulate filter 18 filters particles from the exhaust gas and collects them on the actual filter body in a conventional manner, wherein the exhaust gas flows through the filter body.
  • the oxidation catalyst 17 operates with an excess of oxygen, which can be provided by a suitably lean set fuel / Verbrennungsstuft Verphaseitnis or by a so-called. Secondary air supply in the range up to the oxidation catalyst 17.
  • the exhaust gas flows through the oxidation catalyst 17, wherein the oxygen excess for the oxidation of C0 and HC and a nitrogen oxide component such as NO 2 leaves the oxidation catalyst 17 in the exhaust gas.
  • the particulate filter 18 forms with the upstream oxidation catalyst 17 is a so-called CRT system (continuous regenerating trap), which helps to burn in a manner to be described, the mainly consisting of carbon particles on the particulate filter 18 and implement.
  • the additive supplied by the feeding device 12 is one which reduces the ignition temperature of the particles.
  • organometallic compounds are very advantageous, such as e.g. Iron octoate, ferrocene or cerium compounds.
  • the function of the internal combustion engine 3 and the exhaust system 1 is the following.
  • the internal combustion engine 3 is operated in the above sense with a lean fuel / air mixture or it can, for example, be operated substantially stoichiometrically when secondary air of a feed line, not shown, is introduced into the exhaust pipe 2 before the exhaust gas reaches the oxidation catalyst 17.
  • the latter oxidizes N0 to N0 x or N0 2 , which causes a continuous burning of the particles on the particle filter 18 with the exhaust gas to the particle filter 18, wherein the particle filter 18 is regenerated.

Abstract

I.C. engine (3) has a fuel tank (8) and a supply device (7) for a combustion medium which is fed to a combustion chamber (4a) of the engine as fuel and air and expelled into an exhaust gas line (2) connected to the combustion chamber. An oxidation catalyst (17) and a particle filter (18) are arranged in the exhaust gas line (2) in the flow direction (16). A feed device (12) feeds an additive that reduces the ignition temperature of the particles to the combustion medium after the fuel has left the tank and before the combustion medium reaches the particle filter. An Independent claim is also included for a process for reducing harmful components in I.C. engine exhaust gas.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Brennkraftmaschine mit einer Versorgungseinrichtung für ein Verbrennungsmedium.The invention relates to an internal combustion engine with a supply device for a combustion medium.

Die Abgase einer Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere einer Diesel-Brennkraftmaschine, enthalten neben anderen Schadstoffen auch hauptsächlich Kohlenstoff enthaltende Partikel, nämlich Rußpartikel, die vermehrt bei unvollständiger Verbrennung entstehen. Um zu vermeiden, daß die Partikel mit dem Abgas aus der Abgasleitung ausströmen, werden sie mittels eines in der Abgasleitung angeordneten Partikelfilters aus dem strömenden Abgas gefiltert und am Partikelfilter gesammelt. Dies ist problematisch, da die gesammelten Partikelfilter die Abgasströmung beeinträchtigen und einen Gegendruck aufbauen, der die Funktion der Abgasleitung und auch der Brennkraftmaschine erheblich stören und im Extremfall außer Funktion setzen kann.The exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, in particular a diesel internal combustion engine, in addition to other pollutants also contain mainly carbon-containing particles, namely soot particles, which are increasingly produced by incomplete combustion. In order to avoid that the particles with the exhaust gas flow out of the exhaust pipe, they are filtered by means of a arranged in the exhaust pipe particulate filter from the flowing exhaust gas and collected at the particulate filter. This is problematic because the collected particulate filter affect the flow of exhaust gas and build up a back pressure that can significantly disrupt the function of the exhaust pipe and the engine and in extreme cases put out of action.

Es ist deshalb erforderlich, die Partikel im Partikelfilter zu beseitigen, was beim Stand der Technik durch eine spontane oder kontinuierliche Regeneration des Partikelfilters erfolgt. Hierbei werden die Partikel abgebrannt und umgesetzt.It is therefore necessary to eliminate the particles in the particulate filter, which is done in the prior art by a spontaneous or continuous regeneration of the particulate filter. Here, the particles are burned off and reacted.

Bei einer spontanen Regeneration, die insbesondere bei einer Temperatursteigerung selbsttätig oder mittels einer Heiz- oder Zündvorrichtung gezielt herbeigeführt werden kann, können sehr hohe Spitzentemperaturen erreicht werden, die den Partikelfilter überhitzen und dauerhaft beschädigen bzw. zerstören können.In a spontaneous regeneration, which can be brought about specifically in a temperature increase automatically or by means of a heating or ignition device, very high peak temperatures can be achieved, which can overheat the particle filter and permanently damage or destroy.

Um dies zu vermeiden ist bereits ein sogenanntes CRT-System entwickelt worden, bei dem dem Partikelfilter ein Oxidationskatalysator, der eine Stickoxydkomponente erzeugt, vorgeschaltet ist, wobei die Partikel mit N02 kontinuierlich umgesetzt werden. Hierdurch läßt sich die Ansammlung von Partikeln und damit auch eine spontane Regeneration vermeiden.To avoid this, a so-called CRT system has already been developed in which the particle filter is preceded by an oxidation catalyst which generates a nitrogen oxide component, the particles being reacted continuously with N0 2 . As a result, the accumulation of particles and thus a spontaneous regeneration can be avoided.

Es ist außerdem bereits vorgeschlagen worden, die Zündtemperatur der Partikel durch die Zugabe eines Additivs zu vermindern, das z.B. in den Brennraum eingegeben werden kann. Bei der Verwendung eines Additivs setzt aufgrund der Verminderung der Zündtemperatur der Partikel deren Spontanregeneration bereits bei niedrigeren Temperaturen ein. Sowohl das CRT-System als auch die Additivierung arbeiten unter ungünstigen Betriebsbedingungen unbefriedigend. Unbefriedigende Betriebsbedingungen sind im Betrieb eines Verbrennungsmotors, der insbesondere als Fahrzeugantrieb eingesetzt wird, nicht zu vermeiden und bei heutigen schwierigen Verkehrsbedingungen, insbesondere im Stadtverkehr, die Regel. Deshalb besteht auch beim bekannten CRT-System und auch bei der bekannten Additivierung die Gefahr, daß der Partikelfilter sich zusetzt, und/oder die Gefahr, daß ein spontaner unkontrollierter Abbrand entsteht, der den Partikelfilter überhitzt und schädigt.It has also been proposed to reduce the ignition temperature of the particles by the addition of an additive that can be entered eg in the combustion chamber. When using an additive, the spontaneous regeneration starts at lower temperatures due to the reduction of the ignition temperature of the particles. Both the CRT system and the additive work under unfavorable operating conditions unsatisfactory. Unsatisfactory operating conditions are unavoidable in the operation of an internal combustion engine, which is used in particular as a vehicle drive, and in today's difficult traffic conditions, especially in city traffic, the rule. Therefore, there is also the risk in the known CRT system and also in the known additives that the particulate filter is added, and / or the risk that a spontaneous uncontrolled burn-up occurs, which overheats and damages the particulate filter.

EP 0 758 731 A1 beschreibt eine Brennkraftmaschine mit einem Kraftstofftank und einer Versorgungseinrichtung für ein Verbrennungsmedium, daß der wenigstens einen Brennkammer der Brennkraftmaschine als Kraftstoff und Luft zugeführt wird und aus der Brennkammer in ein mit der Brennkammer verbundene Abgasleitung ausgestoßen wird, wobei in der Abgasleitung in Strömungsrichtung hintereinander liegend zunächst ein Oxidationskatalysator und ein Partikelfilter zum Filtern von Partikeln im Abgas angeordnet sind, so daß das Abgasreinigungssystem einem CRT-System entspricht.EP 0 758 731 A1 describes an internal combustion engine with a fuel tank and a supply means for a combustion medium that the at least one combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine is supplied as fuel and air and is discharged from the combustion chamber into an exhaust pipe connected to the combustion chamber, wherein in the exhaust pipe in Flow direction one behind the other lying initially an oxidation catalyst and a particulate filter for filtering particles in the exhaust gas are arranged, so that the exhaust gas purification system corresponds to a CRT system.

WO 98/46867 A beschreibt ein Verfahren zum Reduzieren der Emission einer Dieselbrennkraftmaschine, wobei die Brennkraftmaschine mit einem katalysatorbeschichteten Partikelfilter ausgestattet ist, wobei die Platinbeschichtung des Partikelfilters zur Regeneration des Filters dient. In das Luftansaug- oder in das Kraftstoffzuführsystem wird ein Additiv eingespeist, welches eine Herabsenkung der Abbrenntemperatur im Partikelfilter, also der Regenerationstemperatur des Partikelfilters bewirkt.WO 98/46867 A describes a method for reducing the emission of a diesel internal combustion engine, wherein the internal combustion engine is equipped with a catalyst-coated particulate filter, wherein the platinum coating of the particulate filter for the regeneration of the filter is used. In the air intake or in the fuel supply system, an additive is fed, which causes a lowering of the burning temperature in the particle filter, so the regeneration temperature of the particulate filter.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, bei einer Brennkraftmaschine der vorliegenden Art die Funktion der kontinuierlichen Regeneration zu stabilisieren.The invention has for its object to stabilize the function of the continuous regeneration in an internal combustion engine of the present type.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.This object is solved by the features of claim 1. Preferred embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Brennkraftmaschine findet aufgrund des Vohandenseins des NO2 und des Additivs ein kontinuierliches Abbrennen der Partikel und somit eine kontinuierliche Regeneration des Partikelfilters statt und zwar in einem Verbrennungstemperaturbereich, der um die Wirksamkeit des Additivs niedriger ist als der Temperaturbereich, bei dem die Partikel beim Fehlen des Additivs verbrennen. Die Partikelmasse, die sich jeweils ansammelt, reicht beim Abbrennen nicht aus, um so hohe Temperaturen zu erzeugen, daß der Partikelfilter überhitzt und beschädigt werden könnte. Es wird somit der Funktionsbereich zu niedrigeren Temperaturen hin verlagert und somit von einem kritischen Temperaturbereich weiter entfernt. Dies ergibt eine größere Störungsunanfälligkeit und Funktionsstabilität, weil auch bei ungünstigeren Funktionsbedingungen der Brennkraftmaschine, wie es insbesondere bei wechselnden Drehzahlen und Belastungszuständen der Fall ist, ein Abbrand der Partikel in einem Temperaturbereich stattfindet, der vom kritischen Temperaturbereich weiter entfernt ist und somit störungsunanfälliger und stabiler bzw. belastbarer ist:In the internal combustion engine according to the invention takes place due to the Vohandenseins of NO 2 and the additive, a continuous burning of the particles and thus a continuous regeneration of the particulate filter in a combustion temperature range, which is lower by the effectiveness of the additive than the temperature range at which the particles Burn the absence of the additive. The particulate matter that accumulates in each case is insufficient when burned to produce such high temperatures that the particulate filter could overheat and be damaged. Thus, the functional area is shifted toward lower temperatures and thus further away from a critical temperature range. This results in a greater susceptibility to interference and functional stability, because even with unfavorable operating conditions of the internal combustion engine, as is the case in particular with changing speeds and load conditions, a burning of the particles takes place in a temperature range which is further away from the critical temperature range and thus störungsunanfälliger and stable or is more resilient:

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auch auf ein Verfahren zur Verminderung schädlicher Bestandteile im Abgas einer Brennkraftmaschine nach den Ansprüchen 9 und 10, das zu vergleichbaren Vorteilen führt.The invention also relates to a method for reducing harmful components in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine according to claims 9 and 10, which leads to comparable advantages.

Im Rahmen der Erfindung kann das Additiv aus einem oder mehreren Wirkstoffen bestehen, und es kann dem Verbrennungsmedium in dem dem Partikelfilter vorgeordneten Bereich zugegeben werden. Es findet eine gute Vermischung und gleichmäßige Verteilung des Additivs im Verbrennungsmedium statt, wenn das Additiv dem Kraftstoff, insbesondere in Zuführungsleitung, oder direkt in die Brennkammer der Brennkraftmaschine eingeführt wird.In the context of the invention, the additive can consist of one or more active substances, and it can be added to the combustion medium in the region upstream of the particle filter. There is a good mixing and uniform distribution of the additive in the combustion medium, when the additive is introduced into the fuel, especially in the supply line, or directly into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine.

Dabei wird die Funktion weiter verbessert und stabilisiert, wenn die Zuführungsmenge des Additivs in Abhängigkeit von Betriebsparametern der Brennkraftmaschine geregelt wird, wie z.B. von der Größe der abgegebenen Leistung und/oder von der Betriebstemperatur.At the same time, the function is further improved and stabilized when the supply amount of the additive is regulated in accordance with operating parameters of the internal combustion engine, e.g. the magnitude of the power delivered and / or the operating temperature.

Nachfolgend wird ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung anhand einer vereinfachten Zeichnung näher erläutert.Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a simplified drawing.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung.Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of the device according to the invention.

Die Zeichnung zeigt eine allgemein mit 1 bezeichnete Abgasanlage, die sich in Form einer Abgasleitung 2 von einer Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere einer Diesel-Brennkraftmaschine 3, in Form eines Otto-Motors mit mehreren, z. B. vier Zylindern 4, erstreckt, die als Brennkammern 4a dargestellt sind, zu denen sich jeweils eine Zuführungsleitung 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d für Verbrennungsluft erstreckt, die sich von einer gemeinsamen Zuführungsleitung 5 verzweigen, in der ein nicht dargestellter Luftfilter angeordnet ist. Von den Brennkammern 4a erstreckt sich jeweils ein Abführungsleitungszweig 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, die in die gemeinsame Abgasleitung 2 münden und Teile der Abgasleitung 2 sind.The drawing shows a generally designated 1 exhaust system, which is in the form of an exhaust pipe 2 of an internal combustion engine, in particular a diesel engine 3, in the form of a gasoline engine with several, z. B. four cylinders 4, extends, which are shown as combustion chambers 4a, to each of which a supply line 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d extends for combustion air, which branch from a common supply line 5, in which an air filter, not shown, is arranged. Each of the combustion chambers 4a extends a discharge line branch 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, which open into the common exhaust pipe 2 and are parts of the exhaust pipe 2.

Der Brennkraftmaschine 3 ist eine Versorgungseinrichtung 7 für ein Verbrennungsmedium zugeordnet, das aus einem Kraftstoff/-Luft-Gemisch besteht und die Brennkraftmaschine 3 als Abgas verläßt. Im einzelnen ist ein Kraftstofftank 8 vorgesehen, der durch eine Kraftstoff-Zuführungsleitung 9 und eine Kraftstoff-Rückführungsleitung 11 mit den nicht dargestellten Einspritzventilen der Zylinder 4 verbunden ist. Der Versorgungseinrichtung 7 ist eine nicht dargestellte Pumpe zugeordnet, die einen für die Einspritzung erforderlichen Einspritzdruck im Kraftstoff erzeugt und auch die Förderung des Kraftstoffs aus dem Kraftstofftank 8 zu den Einspritzventilen und die Rückführung des Kraftstoffs in der Rückführungsleitung 11 zum Tank bewirken kann.The internal combustion engine 3 is associated with a supply device 7 for a combustion medium, which consists of a fuel / air mixture and leaves the engine 3 as exhaust gas. In detail, a fuel tank 8 is provided, which is connected by a fuel supply line 9 and a fuel return line 11 with the injectors of the cylinder 4, not shown. The supply device 7 is associated with a pump, not shown, which generates a required injection pressure for injection in the fuel and also the promotion of the fuel from the fuel tank 8 to the Injectors and the return of the fuel in the return line 11 can cause the tank.

Der Versorgungseinrichtung 7 ist eine Zuführungsvorrichtung 12 für ein Mittel oder Additiv zugeordnet, das weiter unten noch beschrieben wird und dem Verbrennungsmedium im Bereich der Versorgungseinrichtung 7 durch eine geeignete Dosiervorrichtung zugeführt wird, wobei das Additiv in den Kraftstofftank 8 oder in die Brennkammern 4a der Zylinder 4 oder auf den Wegen dazwischen zugeführt werden kann. Bei der vorliegenden Ausgestaltung weist die Zuführungsvorrichtung 12 einen Vorratsbehälter 13 für das Additiv auf, der durch eine Verbindungsleitung 14 mit der Zuführungsleitung 9 verbunden ist, wobei die Dosiervorrichtung in der Verbindungsleitung 14 vorgesehen ist, z.B. in Form einer Dosierpumpe 15. Die Menge des Additivs, die die Dosiervorrichtung im Funktionsbetrieb einstellt, kann konstant oder in Abhängigkeit von bestimmten Betriebsparametern der Brennkraftmaschine 3 und/oder deren Umgebung variabel sein, insbesondere in Abhängigkeit von der jeweiligen Leistungsgröße der Brennkraftmaschine 3 geregelt sein. Entsprechend ist die Dosiervorrichtung jeweils ausgebildet, und sie kann durch eine nicht dargestellte Steuerleitung mit der vorhandenen elektronischen Steuer- oder Regelvorrichtung verbunden und von dieser entsprechend ansteuerbar sein.The supply device 7 is associated with a supply device 12 for an agent or additive, which will be described below and the combustion medium in the supply device 7 is supplied by a suitable metering device, wherein the additive in the fuel tank 8 or in the combustion chambers 4a of the cylinder. 4 or can be fed on the paths in between. In the present embodiment, the supply device 12 comprises a reservoir 13 for the additive, which is connected by a connecting line 14 to the supply line 9, wherein the metering device is provided in the connecting line 14, e.g. in the form of a metering pump 15. The amount of additive which adjusts the metering device in the functional mode may be constant or dependent on certain operating parameters of the internal combustion engine 3 and / or its environment, in particular be regulated depending on the respective power size of the internal combustion engine 3. Accordingly, the metering device is formed in each case, and it can be connected by a control line, not shown, with the existing electronic control or regulating device and be controlled accordingly by this.

Im Funktionsbetrieb strömt das von der Brennkraftmaschine 3 ausgestoßene Abgas in Strömungsrichtung 16 durch die Abgasleitung 2. In der Abgasleitung 2 sind ein Oxidationskatalysator 17 und ein Partikelfilter 18 so hintereinander angeordnet, daß das Abgas zunächst zum Oxidationskatalysator 17 gelangt, diesen durchströmt und dann zum Partikelfilter 18 gelangt und diesen durchströmt. Der Oxidationskatalysator 17 und der Partikelfilter 18 sind jeweils in einem Gehäuse 17a, 18a angeordnet, dessen Querschnittsgröße ein mehrfaches der Querschnittsgröße von vor dem Gehäuse 17a, zwischen den Gehäusen 17a, 18a und vorzugsweise auch nach dem Gehäuse 18a insbesondere koaxial angeordneten Abgasleitungsabschnitten 2e, 2f, 2g beträgt.In functional operation, the exhaust gas emitted by the internal combustion engine 3 flows in the flow direction 16 through the exhaust pipe 2. In the exhaust pipe 2, an oxidation catalyst 17 and a particle filter 18 are arranged one behind the other, that the exhaust gas first passes to the oxidation catalyst 17, flows through it and then to the particle filter 18th passes and flows through it. The oxidation catalyst 17 and the particle filter 18 are each arranged in a housing 17a, 18a whose cross-sectional size is a multiple of the cross-sectional size of before the housing 17a, between the housings 17a, 18a and preferably also after the housing 18a in particular coaxially arranged exhaust pipe sections 2e, 2f, 2g is.

Der Partikelfilter 18 filtert Partikel aus dem Abgas und sammelt diese an dem eigentlichen Filterkörper in üblicher Weise, wobei das Abgas den Filterkörper durchströmt. Der Oxidationskatalysator 17 arbeitet mit Sauerstoffüberschuß, der durch ein entsprechend mager eingestelltes Kraftstoff/Verbrennungstuft-Verhäitnis oder durch eine sog. Sekundärluft-Zuführung im Bereich bis zum Oxidationskatalysator 17 bereitgestellt werden kann.The particulate filter 18 filters particles from the exhaust gas and collects them on the actual filter body in a conventional manner, wherein the exhaust gas flows through the filter body. The oxidation catalyst 17 operates with an excess of oxygen, which can be provided by a suitably lean set fuel / Verbrennungsstuft Verhäitnis or by a so-called. Secondary air supply in the range up to the oxidation catalyst 17.

Im Funktionsbetrieb der Brennkraftmaschine 3 bzw. der Abgasanlage 1 durchströmt das Abgas den Oxidationskatalysator 17, wobei der Sauerstoffüberschuß zur Oxidation von C0 und HC dient und eine Stickoxydkomponente wie NO2 den Oxidationskatalysator 17 im Abgas verläßt. Der Partikelfilter 18 bildet mit dem ihm vorgeschalteten Oxidationskatalysator 17 ein sogenanntes CRT-System (continuous regenerating trap), das dazu beiträgt, in noch zu beschreibender Weise die hauptsächlich aus Kohlenstoff bestehenden Partikel am Partikelfilter 18 abzubrennen und umzusetzen.In the functional operation of the internal combustion engine 3 or the exhaust system 1, the exhaust gas flows through the oxidation catalyst 17, wherein the oxygen excess for the oxidation of C0 and HC and a nitrogen oxide component such as NO 2 leaves the oxidation catalyst 17 in the exhaust gas. The particulate filter 18 forms with the upstream oxidation catalyst 17 is a so-called CRT system (continuous regenerating trap), which helps to burn in a manner to be described, the mainly consisting of carbon particles on the particulate filter 18 and implement.

Bei dem mit der Zuführungsvorrichtung 12 zugeführten Additiv handelt es sich um ein solches, das die Zündtemperatur der Partikel vermindert. Hierzu eignen sich Organometallverbindungen sehr vorteilhaft, wie z.B. Eisenoctoat, Ferrocen oder Cer-Verbindungen.The additive supplied by the feeding device 12 is one which reduces the ignition temperature of the particles. For this purpose, organometallic compounds are very advantageous, such as e.g. Iron octoate, ferrocene or cerium compounds.

Die Funktion der Brennkraftmaschine 3 und der Abgasanlage 1 ist folgende.The function of the internal combustion engine 3 and the exhaust system 1 is the following.

Die Brennkraftmaschine 3 wird im vorbeschriebenen Sinne mit einem mageren Kraftstoff/Luft-Gemisch betrieben oder sie kann z.B. im wesentlichen stöchiometrisch betrieben werden, wenn Sekundärluft einer nicht dargestellten Zuführungsleitung in die Abgasleitung 2 eingeführt wird, bevor das Abgas zum Oxidationskatalysator 17 gelangt. Letzterer oxidiert N0 zu N0x bzw. N02, das mit dem Abgas zum Partikelfilter 18 ein kontinuierliches Abbrennen der Partikel am Partikelfilter 18 bewirkt, wobei der Partikelfilter 18 regeneriert wird. Aufgrund der zusätzlichen und kombinatorischen Wirksamkeit des die Zündtemperatur der Partikel vermindernden Mittels bzw. Additivs setzt die Regeneration bereits bei niedrigeren Temperaturen ein, wodurch die durchschnittliche Regenerationstemperatur vermindert wird, und die Partikelmasse, die zwischenzeitlich angesammelt wird, reicht beim Abbrennen nicht aus, den Partikelfilter 18 auf eine schädigende Temperatur zu erhitzen. Es zeigt sich somit, daß die durch das CRT-System hervorgerufene kontinuierliche Regeneration und die Senkung der Zündtemperatur der Partikel sich vorteilhaft ergänzen und bei verhältnismäßig niedrigen Temperaturen zu einer kontinuierlichen, störungsunanfälligen und stabilen Regeneration des Partikelfilters 18 führen, wobei die Materialien der Abgasanlage 1 von niedrigeren Temperaturen beansprucht werden und bei guter Funktion der Verminderung der schädlichen Bestandteile im Abgas eine lange Lebensdauer erreicht wird.The internal combustion engine 3 is operated in the above sense with a lean fuel / air mixture or it can, for example, be operated substantially stoichiometrically when secondary air of a feed line, not shown, is introduced into the exhaust pipe 2 before the exhaust gas reaches the oxidation catalyst 17. The latter oxidizes N0 to N0 x or N0 2 , which causes a continuous burning of the particles on the particle filter 18 with the exhaust gas to the particle filter 18, wherein the particle filter 18 is regenerated. Due to the additional and combinatorial effectiveness of the ignition temperature of the particulate reducing agent or additive, regeneration begins even at lower temperatures, thereby reducing the average regeneration temperature, and the particulate matter accumulated in the meantime is insufficient to burn off the particulate filter 18 to heat to a damaging temperature. It is thus apparent that the continuous regeneration caused by the CRT system and the lowering of the ignition temperature of the particles complement each other advantageously and lead to a continuous, trouble-free and stable regeneration of the particulate filter 18 at relatively low temperatures, the materials of the exhaust system 1 of FIG lower temperatures are claimed and with good function of reducing the harmful components in the exhaust gas a long life is achieved.

BEZUGSZEICHENLISTELIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Abgasanlageexhaust system
22
Abgasleitungexhaust pipe
2a2a
AbführungsleitungszweigDrain pipe branch
2b2 B
AbführungsleitungszweigDrain pipe branch
2c2c
AbführungsleitungszweigDrain pipe branch
2d2d
AbführungsleitungszweigDrain pipe branch
2e2e
AbgasleitungsabschnittExhaust pipe section
2f2f
AbgasleitungsabschnittExhaust pipe section
2g2g
AbgasleitungsabschnittExhaust pipe section
33
Diesel-BrennkraftmaschineDiesel engine
44
Zylindercylinder
4a4a
Brennkammercombustion chamber
55
Zuführungsleitungfeed pipe
5a5a
Zuführungsleitungfeed pipe
5b5b
Zuführungsleitungfeed pipe
5c5c
Zuführungsleitungfeed pipe
5d5d
Zuführungsleitungfeed pipe
66
77
Versorgungseinrichtungsupply
88th
KraftstofftankFuel tank
99
Kraftstoff-ZuführungsleitungFuel supply duct
1010
1111
Kraftstoff-RückführungsleitungFuel return line
1212
Zuführungsvorrichtungfeeder
1313
Vorratsbehälterreservoir
1414
Verbindungsleitungconnecting line
1515
Dosierpumpemetering
1616
Strömungsrichtungflow direction
1717
Oxidationskatalysatoroxidation catalyst
17a17a
Gehäusecasing
1818
Partikelfilterparticulate Filter
18a18a
Gehäusecasing

Claims (10)

  1. Internal combustion engine (3) having a fuel tank (8) and having a supply device (7) for a combustion medium which is supplied to the at least one combustion chamber (4a) of the internal combustion engine (3) as fuel and air and is discharged from the combustion chamber (4a) into an exhaust line (2) which is connected to the combustion chamber (4a), with a CRT system being arranged in the exhaust line (2), which CRT system is traversed by the exhaust gas and has, arranged in series in the flow direction (16), an oxidation catalytic converter (17) and a subsequent particulate filter (18) for filtering particulates in the exhaust gas, wherein during functional operation, a nitrogen oxide component leaves the oxidation catalytic converter (17), which nitrogen oxide component, with the exhaust gas in the particulate filter, causes continuous burning-off of the particulates in the particulate filter, characterized in that a feed device (12) for an additive which reduces the ignition temperature of the particulates is provided, which feed device (12) feeds the additive to the combustion medium after the fuel has left the fuel tank (8) and before the combustion medium has reached the particulate filter (18), and in that iron organometallic compounds, for example iron octoate, ferrocene and/or cerium compounds, are used as an additive.
  2. Internal combustion engine according to Claim 1, characterized in that the feed device (12) introduces the additive into the fuel or into the combustion chamber (4a).
  3. Internal combustion engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a feed line (9) extends from the fuel tank (8) to the combustion chamber (4a) and the feed device (12) for the additive is connected to the feed line (9).
  4. Internal combustion engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the feed device (12) comprises a storage tank (13) for the additive and a connecting line (14) which is connected to the supply device (7).
  5. Internal combustion engine according to Claim 4, characterized in that the feed device (12) has a metering device, in particular a metering pump (15), for the additive.
  6. Internal combustion engine according to Claim 5, characterized in that the metering device or metering pump (15) is arranged in the connecting line (14).
  7. Internal combustion engine according to one of Claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the connecting line (14) opens out into the feed line (9).
  8. Internal combustion engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the internal combustion engine is formed by a diesel internal combustion engine (3).
  9. Method for reducing harmful constituents in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine (3) having a supply device (7) for a combustion medium which is supplied to the at least one combustion chamber (4a) of the internal combustion engine (3) as fuel and air and is discharged from the combustion chamber (4a) into an exhaust line (2) which is connected to the combustion chamber (4a), with particulates contained in the exhaust gas being filtered by a particulate filter (18) arranged in the exhaust line (2) and being converted substantially continuously at least partially with NO2 contained in the exhaust gas, with the nitrogen oxide or NO2 being generated by an oxidation catalytic converter (17) arranged upstream of the particulate filter (18), characterized in that an additive which reduces the ignition temperature of the particulates is introduced into the combustion medium before the latter reaches the particulate filter (18) as exhaust gas, with the particulates being burned off in the particulate filter (18), and in that iron organometallic compounds, for example iron octoate and/or ferrocene, are used as an additive.
  10. Method according to Claim 9, characterized in that the additive is introduced into the fuel, in particular in the region of a fuel feed line (9), or into the combustion chamber (4a) of the internal combustion engine (3).
EP00100513A 1999-02-05 2000-01-12 Combustion engine with a supply device for a combustion medium Expired - Lifetime EP1026380B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19904736A DE19904736A1 (en) 1999-02-05 1999-02-05 Internal combustion engine with a supply device for a combustion medium
DE19904736 1999-02-05

Publications (3)

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EP1026380A2 EP1026380A2 (en) 2000-08-09
EP1026380A3 EP1026380A3 (en) 2000-12-13
EP1026380B1 true EP1026380B1 (en) 2007-04-25

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AT (1) ATE360749T1 (en)
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3649188B2 (en) 2002-01-16 2005-05-18 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Internal combustion engine with exhaust purification device
DE10204073A1 (en) * 2002-02-01 2003-08-14 Eberspaecher J Gmbh & Co Exhaust system and method for regeneration of a particle filter
DE10222762A1 (en) * 2002-05-23 2003-12-04 Volkswagen Ag Method for operating a diesel engine
KR101456514B1 (en) * 2006-05-18 2014-10-31 클린 디젤 테크놀로지스, 인코포레이티드 A method and an apparatus for reducing emissions of particulates from diesel engines

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3230608A1 (en) * 1982-08-18 1984-02-23 Volkswagenwerk Ag, 3180 Wolfsburg Method for cleaning a soot filter in the exhaust gas system of an internal combustion engine
DE4129297C2 (en) * 1991-09-03 1998-11-19 Oberland Mangold Gmbh Device for supplying a fuel additive for an internal combustion engine
EP0590814B1 (en) * 1992-09-28 1996-12-18 Ford Motor Company Limited A particulate and exhaust gas emission control system
FR2714694B1 (en) * 1993-12-30 1996-03-15 Peugeot Method and device for variable dosing of regeneration additive for particulate filters.
JP3899534B2 (en) * 1995-08-14 2007-03-28 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Exhaust gas purification method for diesel engine
DE19618397A1 (en) * 1996-05-08 1997-11-13 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Process for exhaust gas purification in diesel engines
DE19704147A1 (en) * 1997-02-04 1998-08-06 Emitec Emissionstechnologie Heat-resistant and regenerable filter body with flow paths
TW509719B (en) * 1997-04-17 2002-11-11 Clean Diesel Tech Inc Method for reducing emissions from a diesel engine
FR2771449B1 (en) * 1997-11-24 2000-02-04 Ecia Equip Composants Ind Auto METHOD AND DEVICE FOR REGENERATING A PARTICLE FILTER

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DE50014269D1 (en) 2007-06-06
DE19904736A1 (en) 2000-08-10
ES2283250T3 (en) 2007-11-01
ATE360749T1 (en) 2007-05-15
EP1026380A3 (en) 2000-12-13

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