EP1025557A1 - Verkehrsdatenerfassungssystem zur steuerung einer verkehrssignalanlage und verfahren zum betrieb eines verkehrsdatenerfassungssystems - Google Patents
Verkehrsdatenerfassungssystem zur steuerung einer verkehrssignalanlage und verfahren zum betrieb eines verkehrsdatenerfassungssystemsInfo
- Publication number
- EP1025557A1 EP1025557A1 EP98961044A EP98961044A EP1025557A1 EP 1025557 A1 EP1025557 A1 EP 1025557A1 EP 98961044 A EP98961044 A EP 98961044A EP 98961044 A EP98961044 A EP 98961044A EP 1025557 A1 EP1025557 A1 EP 1025557A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- traffic data
- traffic
- acquisition system
- vehicle sensors
- data acquisition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/07—Controlling traffic signals
- G08G1/08—Controlling traffic signals according to detected number or speed of vehicles
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/07—Controlling traffic signals
Definitions
- Traffic data acquisition system for controlling a traffic signal system and method for operating a traffic data acquisition system
- the invention relates to a traffic data acquisition system for controlling a traffic signal system with vehicle sensors according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for operating a traffic data acquisition system according to the preamble of claim 6.
- Vehicle sensors such as induction loops, are used to measure the traffic data and are arranged above all in the intersection area (junction), and both the power supply and the transmission of the measured traffic data to the control unit take place via lines.
- EP 0 497 093 discloses a method and a device for detecting vehicles in road traffic for controlling a traffic signal system, the vehicle sensor being designed as a radar antenna arrangement with a associated radar detector is formed.
- the respective vehicle speed and the distance to the vehicles are measured and processed at least for a certain road area, in order to thus gain the traffic volume in the monitored road section.
- the exact knowledge of the traffic situation then allows precise control of the traffic signal system.
- a road area is monitored up to about 100 meters from the location of the vehicle sensors, with the vehicle sensor also being attached to the mast of a light signal transmitter as a traffic signal system, for example, and being supplied with power by the control unit via lines and data transmission via lines to the control unit.
- the measured values obtained are very imprecise due to an unfavorable perspective (shadowing from high vehicles).
- an autonomously working vehicle sensor which uses passive infrared detectors for the detection of track-related data to speed, classify and count vehicles, with an energy supply device in the form of a solar cell and with a transmitting and receiving device in the form of a radio modem Is provided.
- the data detected by the vehicle sensor are collected and transmitted on request or if necessary (for example in the case of a traffic jam detection) via the radio modem to a radio modem of a traffic control center by means of mobile radio.
- This vehicle sensor is designed to transmit traffic data only for certain events, perhaps 10 to 100 times a day, and is not suitable for the continuous transmission of traffic data in real time, for example every 100 ms, due to the resulting excessive power consumption.
- a traffic data acquisition system for controlling a traffic signal system of the type mentioned at the beginning with the characterizing features of patent claim 1 and a method for operating a traffic data acquisition system of the type mentioned at the beginning with the characterizing features of patent claim 6.
- the power supply is provided by a solar power device, so that there are no line laying costs for the supply of energy.
- a radio transmitter is provided on the vehicle sensor side, since a radio receiver that is always switched on requires too much current.
- the solar power device comprises a solar cell, a battery and a charge controller, so that the battery is charged when the sun is shining and thereby also periods with little sun are bridged.
- Passive infrared detectors as vehicle sensors are particularly energy-saving and reliable vehicle sensors and are therefore used with preference.
- a transmitter-side control device is provided according to claim 5, in order to store currently detected traffic data.
- the further preferred embodiment according to claim 6 is used for adjacent traffic data acquisition systems, wherein different frequency channels and / or codings are provided for the transmission from the radio transmitter to the radio receiver so that adjacent traffic data acquisition systems do not interfere.
- a power saving is achieved in that only the traffic data changed compared to an earlier point in time is transmitted with only a short delay.
- an increase in reliability is achieved in that the traffic data are repeatedly sent from the radio transmitter to the radio receiver to reduce errors.
- a further improvement in reliability results from the fact that, in addition to the respectively updated traffic data, the last updated traffic data preceding them are also transmitted together.
- the vehicle sensor identifying address is sent out so that the traffic data is assigned to the respective traffic signal system.
- Infrared detectors are used as vehicle sensors because they are particularly energy-saving and reliable.
- Inexpensive components can be used when using the DECT transmission method according to claim 14.
- the DECT method enables secure and frequency-economical transmission technology.
- Figure 1 is a schematic plan view of the traffic data acquisition system
- Figure 2 shows a schematic structure of the vehicle sensor and the receiving device of the control unit.
- FIG. 1 shows how two signal generators 2 of a traffic signal system 1 are connected to a control unit 3, the connection cables being arranged, for example, in a whip mast 4, to which the two signal generators 2 are also attached.
- the two signal generators 2 regulate the traffic in a first lane 5 and a second lane 6 in the same direction of travel, which are separated by a median 7 from a third lane 8 and a fourth lane 9 in the opposite direction of travel.
- a first detection area 11 which is monitored by a first vehicle sensor 12, and a second detection area 13, which is monitored by a second vehicle sensor 14.
- the vehicle sensors 12, 14 detect the occupancy status of the assigned one
- traffic data such as traffic jam lengths, time gaps, degrees of occupancy, traffic volumes or speeds are determined in vehicle sensors 12, 14 from the occupancy values.
- the first vehicle sensor 12 and also the second vehicle sensor 14 are connected to a control device 15 on the transmission side and are jointly attached to a fastening device 10.
- This fastening device 10 can be a mast, for example, which is set up next to the lanes 5, 6, 8, 9.
- a solar power device 16 is used for the power supply, which is movably arranged on the fastening device 10 in such a way that it can be rotated in the horizontal plane in order to achieve a southward orientation.
- the traffic data and / or the occupancy values are transmitted via a radio transmitter 17, which transmits its data via a transmitting antenna 20 to a receiving antenna 21 of a radio receiver 22, which is also attached to the whip mast 4, and its received traffic data to the control unit 3, for example via a Line connection, transmitted.
- Inductive loop detectors or other high power consumption detectors which are used as vehicle or pedestrian sensors 12, 14 and already have a wired power supply, can also be equipped with radio transmitters 17 to transmit their data to the radio receiver 22.
- the solar power device 16 comprises, as shown in Fig. 2, a solar cell 31 and a battery 33 and a charge controller 32.
- the battery 33, the charge controller 32 and the radio transmitter 17 are installed in a weatherproof housing and allow the connection of several vehicle sensors 12,14 (for example four), which are usually mounted on the same mast as a fastening device 10 below.
- the vehicle sensors 12, 14 enable a track-selective dimensioning without a whip mast due to the lateral mounting of the vehicle sensor at the detection location.
- the radio transmitter 17 and the radio receiver 22 are shown in somewhat more detail in FIG.
- the vehicle sensors 12 pass on messages via an input interface 23 to the control device 15 at the transmission end, in which the traffic data are processed and are passed on to the transmission antenna 20 via an RF transmitter module 24 with encoder 26.
- Control device 15 as well as vehicle sensors 12, 14 take place via a solar power device 16, in which a solar cell 31 and a charge controller 32 and a battery 33 are provided.
- the traffic data received by the receiving antenna 21 are forwarded via an RF receiver module 25 with a decoder 36 to a control device 26 at the receiving end, which transmits the data to the control unit 3 via an output interface 27 for further processing.
- the radio receiver 22 is supplied with power via the control unit 3, which supplies a power supply unit 28 in the radio receiver 22 on the receiving side with power via a line.
- the vehicle sensors 12, 14 are designed, for example, as passive infrared detectors. These infrared detectors are very inexpensive and have low power consumption.
- so-called double sensors two adjacent sensor surfaces, polarized in opposite phases
- They offer good stability and sensitivity.
- the difference in the temperature radiation incident on both sensor halves generates the sensor voltage.
- the optics represent a particular expense for passive infrared detectors.
- a thin Fresnel lens is used, which also serves as a cover. The achievable range depends above all on the ability to bundle the optics, for large ones
- the opening angle must be very small (e.g. 3 ° at 100 meters).
- the passive infrared detector is mounted on the side next to the road at a height of 4 to 8 meters (or above the lane).
- a vehicle sensor 12, 14 is used for each lane 5, 6, 8, 9. It supplies an occupancy value via the input interface 23 to the control device 15 on the transmission side.
- a circuit is used which is dimensioned for extremely low power consumption and uses MOS circuits almost exclusively.
- the power consumption of the entire vehicle sensor 12, 14 is thus only 2 mW during operation.
- the radio transmitter 17 and the radio receiver 22 are implemented, for example, on the basis of commercially available 433 MHz small radio modules which can be operated without a license.
- the RF transmitter module 24 is, for example, a transmitter with 10 mW high-frequency power and 16 adjustable frequency channels. Each traffic data acquisition system works on its own frequency.
- the transmission antenna 20 is permanently attached to the HF transmission module 124 as a rod.
- a microprocessor is used in the transmission-side control device 15, which flexibly implements all the functions required and is distinguished by a particularly low power consumption.
- the microprocessor queries the inputs (vehicle sensor messages) for their occupancy values as traffic data at short intervals (approx. 150 ms). If a change in the occupancy values compared to the last query is detected, it initiates a radio transmission with the status of all inputs. An additional transmission takes place if no change has occurred over a longer period (approx. 1 minute).
- the radio transmitter 17 is set to minimal power consumption.
- the RF transmitter module 24 is only switched on during transmission.
- the query grid is a compromise between the shortest possible distance in order to record even short pulses and not to delay them too much, and on the other hand to allow the longest possible pauses between the queries or transmissions in order to reduce the power consumption. In order to increase functional safety, everyone
- Pulse width coding is used for transmission, which is favorable for low-interference radio transmission.
- the encoder 34 is emulated by software.
- the RF transmitter module 24 may work at a maximum of 4800 bps, which corresponds to a clock frequency of the encoder 34 of approximately 150 kHz. This results in a transmission time for a send word of approx. 34 ms (8 bit data, address and header). The method requires the word to be sent at least three times, so that the transmission time of a message is approximately 103 ms.
- the settling time for the RF transmitter module 24 must also be taken into account (approx. 80 ms), which is only omitted in the case of a dense transmission sequence, since the RF transmitter module 24 is then not switched off in the meantime.
- the number of word repetitions is increased, ie the radio receiver 22 has a higher chance of receiving a valid telegram through multiple checks.
- this increases the transmission time by 34 ms per additional word, which means electricity consumption is increasing.
- the delay in changing the occupancy values at the vehicle sensor 12, 14 to the receiver output is on average about 250 ms. All occupancy values longer than 150 ms are recorded.
- CMOS technology is used to save electricity and the microprocessor is clocked at approx. 4 MHz. During the breaks, the microprocessor remains in IDLE mode. The inputs are only activated briefly. In addition to the frequencies around 433 MHz, frequencies around 868 MHz or other frequencies in so-called ISM (industry, scientific, medical) bands will also be used in the future. Instead of the microprocessor's IDLE mode, the processor's power-saving HALT mode can also be used, but an external timer must then ensure that the microprocessor is woken up.
- a sensitive double super with attachable rod antenna is used as the receiving antenna 21 as the RF receiving module 25. 16 frequency channels can also be selected.
- An external chip is used as decoder 36 in order to relieve the control of the complex code check (validity, address). The decoder 36 checks two consecutive words of the transmission for a match. If the check is successful, it transfers the data to the control device 26 at the receiving end. If multiple word repetitions are sent out, it is more likely to receive a successful check. If no match is found for any word pair, the message fails.
- a second simple microprocessor is used as the control device 26 at the receiving end, which in particular enables the necessary error monitoring in a simple manner.
- the redundancy of the received data word is used for this (the previous state is also included), with the help of which one may be lost previous message (change in occupancy) is subsequently reconstructed.
- this (previous) state is output first and the current state approx. 200 ms later. This subsequent output delays the message by up to a few seconds (namely until the next change by another vehicle, maximum 60 s), but it does not entirely disappear, which is important for counting tasks, for example. If no valid telegram has been received for a long time (approx. 2 minutes), the transmission link is faulty and a corresponding message is passed on.
- the second microprocessor is designed with low interference, which is important because of its high high-frequency sensitivity.
- the outputs control potential-free relay contacts.
- the receiving-side power supply device 28 is kept simple (for logic linear regulator to 5 V, relay directly) and protected against reverse polarity and overvoltage. An additional charging electrolyte also enables the use of rectified AC voltage from a low-voltage transformer.
- a transmission according to the DECT method at 1.9 GHz can also be used, which results in cost savings through particularly inexpensive DECT components for the radio transmitter 17 and the radio receiver 22 and an improvement in transmission security (at the cost of power consumption).
- a 5 watt or a 10 watt solar module is used as the solar cell 31, for example, which provides sufficient power at 12 V even on cloudy days.
- a lead gel or fleece battery with 3.5 (6.5) Ah at 12 V is used as battery 33, which enables a bridging time of approximately 6 weeks.
- the possible current output with a 5 watt solar module assuming a power output of 1% of the nominal output at 3.5 (6.5) Ah is approx. 7 (9) mA.
- the supply current required for the radio transmitter 17 is dependent on the number of messages to be transmitted.
- the duty cycle is 1: 9, ie the average power consumption is 1/9 of the static value. Assuming that the static current consumption of the circuit when transmitting is 50 mA and 2 mA during breaks, the average current consumption is approximately 7.5 mA. If only the single transmission with 3 words is used, the power consumption is reduced somewhat.
- Operating voltage of the RF transmitter module 24 and the transmitter-side control device 15 is 5 V or 3.3 V.
- a switching regulator 12 V / 5 V or 12 V is used / 3.3 V used with extremely low power consumption, which has about 80% efficiency.
- the total current required from 12 V is approx. 5 mA.
- the remaining available current (2 to 9 mA) can be used to supply the vehicle sensors 12, 14 or as a reserve for frequent transmission. If 40,000 occupancy values (i.e. 80,000 changes) are transferred daily instead of 20,000 occupancy values, the current consumption increases by approximately 2.5 mA. So that the battery 33 is not overcharged in periods with strong solar radiation, a charge controller 32 is used, the control characteristic of which is adapted to the ambient temperature.
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19746899 | 1997-10-23 | ||
DE19746899 | 1997-10-23 | ||
PCT/DE1998/003130 WO1999021154A1 (de) | 1997-10-23 | 1998-10-23 | Verkehrsdatenerfassungssystem zur steuerung einer verkehrssignalanlage und verfahren zum betrieb eines verkehrsdatenerfassungssystems |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1025557A1 true EP1025557A1 (de) | 2000-08-09 |
EP1025557B1 EP1025557B1 (de) | 2002-02-20 |
Family
ID=7846437
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98961044A Expired - Lifetime EP1025557B1 (de) | 1997-10-23 | 1998-10-23 | Verkehrsdatenerfassungssystem zur steuerung einer verkehrssignalanlage und verfahren zum betrieb eines verkehrsdatenerfassungssystems |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1025557B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE213559T1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE59803144D1 (de) |
DK (1) | DK1025557T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1999021154A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2923121A1 (de) * | 1979-06-07 | 1980-12-18 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren und schaltungsanordnung zur vornahme einer plausibilitaetspruefung bezueglich aufeinanderfolgend auftretender zeitinformationen in verkehrssignalanlagen |
DE4011037A1 (de) * | 1990-04-05 | 1991-10-10 | Huebner Handel Huewa | Ampelanlagen (leuchtanlagen) |
DE4102460A1 (de) * | 1991-01-28 | 1992-07-30 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren und einrichtung zur erfassung von fahrzeugen im strassenverkehr fuer die steuerung einer verkehrssignalanlage |
FR2700871B1 (fr) * | 1993-01-28 | 1995-04-07 | Roger Jean Michel | Feux de signalisation pour chaussée maritime submersible. |
-
1998
- 1998-10-23 DK DK98961044T patent/DK1025557T3/da active
- 1998-10-23 AT AT98961044T patent/ATE213559T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-10-23 EP EP98961044A patent/EP1025557B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-10-23 WO PCT/DE1998/003130 patent/WO1999021154A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1998-10-23 DE DE59803144T patent/DE59803144D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9921154A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59803144D1 (de) | 2002-03-28 |
DK1025557T3 (da) | 2002-06-17 |
WO1999021154A1 (de) | 1999-04-29 |
EP1025557B1 (de) | 2002-02-20 |
ATE213559T1 (de) | 2002-03-15 |
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