EP1025404B1 - Method for supplying make-up water and refrigeration system carrying out the method - Google Patents

Method for supplying make-up water and refrigeration system carrying out the method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1025404B1
EP1025404B1 EP98951823A EP98951823A EP1025404B1 EP 1025404 B1 EP1025404 B1 EP 1025404B1 EP 98951823 A EP98951823 A EP 98951823A EP 98951823 A EP98951823 A EP 98951823A EP 1025404 B1 EP1025404 B1 EP 1025404B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
refrigerant
cooling system
make
heat exchanger
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98951823A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1025404A1 (en
Inventor
Cornelis Doomernik
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Johnson Controls Denmark ApS
Original Assignee
York Refrigeration ApS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by York Refrigeration ApS filed Critical York Refrigeration ApS
Publication of EP1025404A1 publication Critical patent/EP1025404A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1025404B1 publication Critical patent/EP1025404B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B1/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
    • F28B1/06—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using air or other gas as the cooling medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B40/00—Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
    • F25B40/02—Subcoolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F25B49/027—Condenser control arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D5/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, using the cooling effect of natural or forced evaporation
    • F28D5/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, using the cooling effect of natural or forced evaporation in which the evaporating medium flows in a continuous film or trickles freely over the conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F25/00—Component parts of trickle coolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/041—Details of condensers of evaporative condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/07—Details of compressors or related parts
    • F25B2400/075—Details of compressors or related parts with parallel compressors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for operating a refrigeration system by means of a refrigerant circuit, in which to condensate the refrigerant in said circuit a cooling water circuit is used, incorporating an evaporative condenser, evaporation losses from said condenser being topped up with the aid of make-up water being supplied to the condenser via a heat exchanger with the aid of which the liquid refrigerant of the refrigeration circuit is subcooled.
  • the cooling circuit normally incorporates a liquid vessel from which refrigerant is supplied to an evaporator. In the latter, the refrigerant evaporates and extracts the heat from the surrounding environment. The evaporated refrigerant is then supplied, by means of a compressor, to an evaporative condenser in which the refrigerant is condensed. Finally, the refrigerant is fed back to the liquid vessel.
  • the evaporative condenser may also comprise a combination of a cooling tower and a water-cooled condenser.
  • a method in accordance with the type described in the preamble is known from Swiss Patent 392,576. According to this known method, cooling is carried out using a refrigerant which flows into a closed cooling circuit which includes an expansion device and a compressor and a heat exchanger. Cooling water which is heated in the heat exchanger and gives off the heat to an evaporative condenser also flows through the heat exchanger.
  • make-up water is metered more or less continuously into the receptacle tank of the condenser.
  • the make-up water is brought into the water circulation circuit via a recirculation pump.
  • the make-up water is generally fed in at a temperature of from 10 to 15°C (springwater or tap water). This temperature is lower than the temperature of the water in the water receptacle tank. Since the mass ratio between the make-up water and the circuit water is generally at least 1:50, the relatively low temperature of the make-up water has scarcely any perceptible influence on the thermodynamic performance of the condenser.
  • make-up water is relatively cold
  • the make-up water is supplied from a source to the receptacle tank of the evaporative condenser via a heat exchanger in which the refrigerant, which flows in the cooling circuit from the liquid vessel to the evaporator, is cooled by the make-up water, which in this process is heated up.
  • the known method utilizes the relatively cold make-up water in the high-grade section of a cooling circuit.
  • the actual heat exchange which takes place between the relatively cold make-up water and the refrigerant in the cooling circuit is not measured.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method in which the heat exchange which takes place between the relatively cold make-up water and the refrigerant can be used to gain more information about the performance and efficiency of the cooling system.
  • make-up water from the source is fed to the condenser via the heat exchanger.
  • the cooling capacity Qo can be calculated using a flow meter for the make-up water and by measuring the temperatures of the make-up water. Both the flow measurement of the make-up water and the temperature measurements can be carried out with a very high level of accuracy. This also means that the instantaneous cooling capacity Qo can be calculated very accurately.
  • the cooling capacity has to be calculated on the basis of a measurement of the flow of refrigerant which flows from the liquid vessel to the evaporator. The fact that a meter has to be placed in this line means an additional restriction in this line. Moreover, it may be that refrigerant flows through this line not only in the liquid phase but also in the gas phase.
  • the measures according to the present invention replace the complex, expensive and inaccurate measurement of the refrigerant flow with an accurate measurement, which is easy to carry out, of the make-up water flow and the temperature change of the make-up water and the refrigerant.
  • the method comprises the following steps:
  • this method comprises the following steps:
  • the method comprises the following steps:
  • the major advantage of this method is that it optimizes the water consumption.
  • a flow of make-up water is continuously supplied to the receptacle tank of the evaporative condenser irrespective of the volume of make-up water which is actually required.
  • the so-called thickening factor In order to limit to a sufficient extent the maximum permissible increase in the quantity of salts in the water in the water receptacle tank (the so-called thickening factor), therefore, a continuous volume of waste water also flows from the receptacle tank to the sewer.
  • the refrigerant can be injected from the liquid vessel to the said heat exchanger in a modulating manner.
  • the present invention moreover relates to a cooling system intended to carry out the method according to the present invention.
  • FIG 1 diagrammatically depicts a cooling plant 1 which is much used in the prior art.
  • This cooling system comprises a cooling medium circuit including a liquid vessel 2, an evaporator 3 and a screw-type compressor 4 and an oil cooler 5.
  • the refrigerant is supplied to an evaporative condenser 6 with the aid of a screw-type compressor.
  • This evaporative condenser is fed with the aid of water from a water receptacle tank 7.
  • make-up water is supplied, with the aid of a line 8, from a source (not shown).
  • the compression step in the refrigerant circuit is carried out by means of screw-type compressors. These are cooled with the aid of oil coolers to which liquid refrigerant is regularly supplied from the liquid vessel using a thermosyphon system. Part of the refrigerant will evaporate as a result of heat exchange with the oil coolers. The heated refrigerant is then returned to the liquid vessel.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cooling system 20 according to the present invention.
  • the cooling device 20 comprises a heat exchanger 21.
  • the heat exchanger 21 is connected, on the one hand, to the feed line for springwater or tap water 22 and is connected, on the other hand, to the outlet line 23 from the liquid vessel 2.
  • the refrigerant will be cooled by the relatively cold make-up water before it is delivered to the evaporator 3.
  • the cooling capacity of the cooling system 20 will increase.
  • the relatively cold make-up water is used in the relatively "high-grade" section of the cooling circuit. This is because when a refrigerant is injected from the liquid vessel 2 into the evaporator 3, the pressure of the refrigerant will fall from the relatively high condenser pressure to the lower evaporator pressure. As a result, part of the refrigerant evaporates before it can contribute to the actual cooling process. That part of the refrigerant which evaporates in this phase is also known as the flash vapour.
  • the make-up water to cool the refrigerant which is flowing from the liquid vessel 2 to the evaporator, the amount of flash vapour will be reduced, so that the cooling potential of the refrigerant increases without employing additional energy other than the cooling potential of the make-up water.
  • the refrigerant can be injected from the liquid vessel to the said heat exchanger in a modulating manner.
  • the cooling system 20 is equipped with two compressors. It is clear that the system may also comprise more compressors. Each of the compressors is provided with a measuring element 24, with the aid of which the electric power consumed by the compressors can be measured.
  • the evaporative condenser 6 is also provided with a measuring element 25, in order to be able to measure the electric power consumed by the fan of the evaporative condenser 6.
  • the method according to the present invention it is possible to measure the volume of make-up water which is supplied to the water receptacle tank 7 through the line 8. Moreover, the temperature of the make-up water is measured before the make-up water in the line 8 flows into the heat exchanger and after the make-up water has flowed out of the heat exchanger 21. These temperature measurements, as well as the flow measurement of the make-up water, together provide the total amount of heat supplied to the water. Moreover, in the line 23 it is possible to measure the difference in temperature of the refrigerant before the refrigerant in the line 23 is cooled by the make-up water and after it has been cooled with the make-up water. The refrigerant mass flow can be determined on the basis of these measurements and the calculated amount of heat supplied to the water.
  • the instantaneous cooling capacity Qo can be determined using the measured value for the suction pressure Po and the condenser pressure Pc and the refrigerant mass flow determined. This therefore means that a cooling capacity of the cooling system 20 is known at all times. This instantaneous cooling capacity Qo can be displayed as required, for example on a control panel.
  • This COP is defined by dividing the instantaneous cooling capacity Qo by the value for the electric power Pe consumed.
  • This instantaneous performance, i.e. the COP can also be displayed as required.
  • the present invention can also be used to optimize the supply of make-up water to the evaporative condenser. This is achieved as follows:
  • the volume of water in the water receptacle tank 7 is measured continuously. Moreover, the difference in temperature of the water which flows via the feed line 22 to the heat exchanger 21 is measured before this water reaches the heat exchanger and after the water has flowed out of the heat exchanger 21.
  • the amount of heat supplied to the water is calculated on the basis of this temperature measurement.
  • the temperature difference in the refrigerant before it flows into the heat exchanger and after it has flowed out of the heat exchanger is measured.
  • the refrigerant mass flow is determined using the calculated amount of heat which is supplied to the water in the heat exchanger 21.
  • the instantaneous cooling capacity Qo and the load of the condenser Qc are respectively determined.
  • the correct volume of make-up water is determined on the basis of the Qc calculated and the predetermined thickening factor.
  • the volume of make-up water to be supplied which flows to the receptacle tank per unit time is adjusted on the basis of the calculated volume of make-up water.
  • Another possible advantageous application is in water-cooled cooling systems for air-conditioning purposes. These systems are generally combined with cooling towers. By positioning a liquid subcooler between the condenser and the evaporator upstream of the injection component (thermostatic expansion valve, high-pressure float or throttling port), it is possible to achieve the same resultant as that described above and in practice to achieve increases in capacity of from 8 to 10%. Naturally, the control would have to take place in the same way as that described above.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Water By Ion Exchange (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
EP98951823A 1997-10-23 1998-10-23 Method for supplying make-up water and refrigeration system carrying out the method Expired - Lifetime EP1025404B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL1007346 1997-10-23
NL1007346A NL1007346C2 (nl) 1997-10-23 1997-10-23 Werkwijze voor het bedrijven van een koelinrichting en een koelinrichting.
PCT/NL1998/000609 WO1999020958A1 (en) 1997-10-23 1998-10-23 Method for supplying make-up water from a source to the receptacle tank of an evaporative condenser and/or a cooling tower

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1025404A1 EP1025404A1 (en) 2000-08-09
EP1025404B1 true EP1025404B1 (en) 2002-05-08

Family

ID=19765889

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98951823A Expired - Lifetime EP1025404B1 (en) 1997-10-23 1998-10-23 Method for supplying make-up water and refrigeration system carrying out the method

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1025404B1 (es)
AT (1) ATE217410T1 (es)
AU (1) AU9766698A (es)
BR (1) BR9813258A (es)
DE (1) DE69805319T2 (es)
DK (1) DK1025404T3 (es)
ES (1) ES2175805T3 (es)
NL (1) NL1007346C2 (es)
WO (1) WO1999020958A1 (es)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU751294C (en) * 2001-07-13 2005-04-07 Baltimore Aircoil Company Inc. System and method of cooling
US20090120108A1 (en) 2005-02-18 2009-05-14 Bernd Heinbokel Co2-refrigerant device with heat reclaim
FR2891901B1 (fr) * 2005-10-06 2014-03-14 Air Liquide Procede de vaporisation et/ou de condensation dans un echangeur de chaleur
DE102008051368B4 (de) * 2008-10-15 2018-10-04 Cabero Wärmetauscher Gmbh & Co. Kg Kühlsystem
CN102313456B (zh) * 2011-09-14 2013-04-24 安徽淮化股份有限公司 冷凝器的冷却水调节系统
JP2014190614A (ja) * 2013-03-27 2014-10-06 Ebara Refrigeration Equipment & Systems Co Ltd ターボ冷凍機
CN103344024B (zh) * 2013-07-17 2016-02-10 曙光信息产业(北京)有限公司 空调室外机系统

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH146211A (de) * 1930-01-11 1931-04-15 Simmen Oscar Raumbelüftungsanlage mit künstlicher Kühlung der in den Raum einzuführenden Luft.
GB385661A (en) * 1930-12-20 1933-01-05 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Improvements in and relating to compression refrigerating machines
US2356261A (en) * 1938-06-25 1944-08-22 Honeywell Regulator Co Refrigeration
US2238808A (en) * 1938-08-05 1941-04-15 Fulton Sylphon Co Refrigerating system
US2323511A (en) * 1941-10-24 1943-07-06 Carroll W Baker Refrigerating and air conditioning apparatus
US2847831A (en) * 1956-03-15 1958-08-19 Thomas W Carraway Control mechanism for cooling and condensing equipment
CH392576A (de) * 1962-04-27 1965-05-31 Sulzer Ag Verfahren zum Betrieb von Kältemaschinen
DE2611589A1 (de) * 1976-03-19 1977-09-22 Bretting Ekkehard B Verfahren zur energieoptimalen regelung des verbundes von waermetauschern und den uebrigen teilen eines linkslaufenden kreisprozesses, insbesondere wasserrueckkuehlanlagen fuer kaelteanlagen
DE3033815C2 (de) * 1980-09-09 1983-03-03 Henkel KGaA, 4000 Düsseldorf Verfahren zur Regelung des Flüssigkeitshaushalts in einer Verdunstungsanlage
US4325223A (en) * 1981-03-16 1982-04-20 Cantley Robert J Energy management system for refrigeration systems
SE439063B (sv) * 1983-06-02 1985-05-28 Henrik Sven Enstrom Forfarande och anordning for provning och prestandaovervakning vid vermepumpar och kylanleggningar
US4599873A (en) * 1984-01-31 1986-07-15 Hyde Robert E Apparatus for maximizing refrigeration capacity
US4766553A (en) * 1984-03-23 1988-08-23 Azmi Kaya Heat exchanger performance monitor
US5069043A (en) * 1989-07-07 1991-12-03 Advanced Cooling Technology, Inc. Refrigeration system with evaporative subcooling
US5651264A (en) * 1993-06-29 1997-07-29 Siemens Electric Limited Flexible process controller

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69805319D1 (de) 2002-06-13
ATE217410T1 (de) 2002-05-15
AU9766698A (en) 1999-05-10
DK1025404T3 (da) 2002-08-19
BR9813258A (pt) 2000-08-22
WO1999020958A1 (en) 1999-04-29
ES2175805T3 (es) 2002-11-16
NL1007346C2 (nl) 1999-05-04
EP1025404A1 (en) 2000-08-09
DE69805319T2 (de) 2002-11-14

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