Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/50—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B15/00—Peroxides; Peroxyhydrates; Peroxyacids or salts thereof; Superoxides; Ozonides
  • C01B15/01—Hydrogen peroxide
  • C01B15/037—Stabilisation by additives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
  • C02F2103/02—Non-contaminated water, e.g. for industrial water supply
  • C02F2103/023—Water in cooling circuits
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
  • C02F2103/42—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from bathing facilities, e.g. swimming pools

Definitions

• the present invention relates generally to methods of treating water, and more particularly to a method of treating water with hydrogen peroxide and a polyquatemary ammonium stabilizer.
• Biocides traditionally used to control microbial growth include chlorine, bromine, biguanide salts, peroxy compounds, ozone and quaternary ammonium compositions.
• chlorine has long been the dominant disinfectant, although the disadvantages of chlorine have led to a continued search for other disinfecting products.
• chlorine is highly effective it must be applied frequently to maintain its efficacy, and readily forms irritating chloramines and/or trihalomethanes . At high levels, chlorine can harm pool surfaces and equipment.
• peroxy compounds are known to be effective sanitizers under certain conditions.
• peroxides such as hydrogen peroxide are not effective as a stand alone sanitizers except when used at relatively high concentrations (e.g . , 200 ppm or higher) .
• concentrations e.g . , 200 ppm or higher
• hydrogen peroxide suppliers usually treat their products with compounds such as phosphates in order to stabilize the concentrated solutions.
• these stabilizers are not designed to affect * stability once the product has been applied to a body of water and diluted. Hence, an additional stabilizer is needed to protect and enhance the peroxide, post-application.
• polyquatemary ammonium compounds have been used in water treatment with some success.
• Monomeric quaternary ammonium compounds have also been used in water treatment, and generally are effective biocides.
• high concentrations 25-75 ppm
• monomeric quats tend to produce substantial foam even at low concentrations (e_..g., r > PPm) • Foaming will only be exacerbated at levels of 25 to 75 ppm.
• a method of treating water by adding hydrogen peroxide and a polyquate ary ammonium compound to the water.
• the hydrogen peroxide and the polyquate ary ammonium compound are independently added to the water in amounts effective to maintain in the water a balanced sanitizing solution.
• One object of the present invention is to provide an improved method of sanitizing water with dilute hydrogen peroxide.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of increasing the half-life of hydrogen peroxide used to sanitize recreational waters.
• FIG. 1 is a graph of the half-life estimations of H O with and without PDED.
• FIG. 2 is a graph of the half-life estimations of H_0- with and without Q6/6.
• the present invention uses dilute hydrogen peroxide as a sanitizer along with a polyquatemary ammonium stabilizer for treating regulated waters.
• the stabilizer allows H o 0 to remain biocidally active for longer periods of time and enhances its overall efficacy.
• the sanitizer and stabilizer can be added separately or blended together for a single, slug application.
• the ideal dose would comprise 1-2 gallons of the active ingredients (blended or separate) to maintain 20,000 gallons of regulated water every two weeks.
• the ability to effectively treat such a large volume of water without mechanical feeders and with such an infrequent dosing schedule is an unexpected advantage of the invention.
• polyquatemary ammonium compounds may be used in the present invention, including poly(hexamethylarnmoniu ) chloride ("Q6/6"), poly[oxyethylene-(dimethylimino) ethylene-(dimethylimino) ethylene dichloride] (“PDED”), dodecamethylenedimethylimino chloride ("Q6/12") and 1,3-diazo-2 , -cyclopentadiene with l-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane (“IPCP”).
• Q6/6 poly(hexamethylarnmoniu ) chloride
• PDED poly[oxyethylene-(dimethylimino) ethylene-(dimethylimino) ethylene dichloride]
• IPCP 1,3-diazo-2 , -cyclopentadiene with l-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane
• the hydrogen peroxide and the polyquatemary ammonium compound are added independently so that appropriate concentrations of each composition may be maintained in the water. Appropriate concentrations are generally determined by testing the treated water. Then, the appropriate amount of either composition may be added. This technique provides the additional benefit of allowing the two components to be stored and handled separately.
• the water should contain between 5 and 40 ppm Hdon0_ and a polyquatemary ammonium stabilizer concentration between 1 and 20 ppm.
• a concentrated, blended product should contain between 10% and 80% H O and 2% to 40% polyquat per one gallon container.
• the relative concentrations of Hvisor0_ and polyquat should remain the same, using either gallon or half gallon containers.
• the present invention provides simple, albeit novel, improvements to the existing art.
• the invention precludes the need to purchase a mechanical device to apply the products. The cost of equipment and upkeep is thereby eliminated.
• the invention is flexible in that the ingredients can be packaged as a shelf stable blend or in separate containers.
• the schedule of product additions can be tailored to meet the needs of individual pool owners. For example, more or less stabilizer may be required in certain cases and can be added without adding unnecessary quantities of the other composition.
• abandoning the mechanical device will make the technology more practical for consumers treating regulated waters.
• this system melds the antimicrobial and aesthetic benefits of monomeric and polymeric quaternary ammonium compounds. That is, a biocidally efficacious system that produces only small amounts of foam, if any.
• the invention is superior to the polybiguanide system in that the components can be blended in one container.
• the polyquatemary ammonium compounds act as flocculants.
• Flocculants are chemicals that are used to aggregate suspended solids from liquids, thereby facilitating their separation via precipitation or filtration. Consistent with this ability, polyquats are capable of cell adhesion and aggregation.
• EXAMPLE 1 In order to test the ability of various polyquats to stabilize H_0_ , five, 10 gallon aquariums were filled with water and adjusted to the following parameters: about 200 ppm calcium hardness, 120 ppm alkalinity and pH 7.4.
• Each aquarium was dosed with 10 ppm of a different polyquat consisting of Q6/6, PDED, Q6/12 or IPCP. Hydrogen peroxide was added (27.5 ppm) to the tanks containing the polyquats and to a control tank that contained no polyquat. Each tank was challenged daily with 25 ml of bacterial suspension (about 10 8 to 109 organisms) containing P. aeruqinosa. E. coli , and S. aureus . These are some of the major bacteria which can be recovered from recreational and industrial waters. Peroxide and polyquat concentrations were monitored after about 24 hours and recorded in Tables 2-6.
• TPC - Total heterotrophic Plate Count (viable aerobic bacteria) expressed as colony forming units per ml. Hydrogen Peroxide (about 27.5 ppm) was added to each tank at the end of Day 4.
• Tables 7 and 8 summarize the results. Table 7 demonstrates the inability of H_0- to control bacterial growth, even at high concentrations. In addition, previous research has demonstrated that PDED like H Tale0_ , is not an effective sanitizer when used alone (data not shown) . By contrast, Table 8 demonstrates the ability of polyquats to enhance H_0_, rendering it more efficacious. While PDED has demonstrated antimicrobial synergy with oxidizers, these data indicate that polyquats can also stabilize and extend peroxide half life in the use dilutions.
• Tables 7 and 8 were graphed to show the trends of H O- disappearance (FIG. 1).
• the data were subjected to linear regression analysis.
• Table 9 was prepared using the statistics generated during linear regression and shows that PDED was able to extend the half life of H-O- , even when the PDED concentration was as low as 3 ppm. Using the data, we can extrapolate that H_0_ alone would last approximately 10.7 days, but would last 14.2 when stabilized with PDED.
• Example 3 The experiment summarized in Example 3 is identical to Example 2, except that Q6/6 was substituted for PDED (Tables 10 and 11) .
• Q6/6 alone is not an effective sanitizer in regulated waters (data not shown) .
• PDED As was the case with PDED, Q6/6 stabilized and enhanced the efficacy of H Rule0- .
• Hydrogen peroxide alone had a shorter half life and was not an effective bactericide even at the highest levels " tested. Linear regression is compiled in Table 12.
• FIG. 2 graphically shows the difference in half life. Based on the regression, we can extrapolate that H_0_ alone would have lasted for about 9 days, but would have lasted for almor.t 1 f, days when stabilized with Q6/6.
• Table 10 H2O2 as a Stand Alone Sanitizer
• Biguanide hydrogen peroxide and ancillary algicides. Biguanide is usually added every 10 to 14 days, peroxide is added about every 20 to 30 days and algicides are added weekly or as needed.
• the present method greatly simplifies the biguanide art in that the products are added at the same time and may be combined into one bottle. In essence, product application is synchronized and one (blended) or two (separate) products are used instead of three.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Plant Pathology (AREA)
• Dentistry (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Environmental Sciences (AREA)
• Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
• Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
• Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
• Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)
• Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
• Removal Of Specific Substances (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

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• 1996
  • 1996-05-30 JP JP50079597A patent/JP2001519706A/ja active Pending
  • 1996-05-30 BR BR9612623A patent/BR9612623A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1996-05-30 CA CA002223704A patent/CA2223704A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1996-05-30 EP EP96921228A patent/EP1018874A4/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1996-05-30 WO PCT/US1996/007871 patent/WO1996039825A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1996-05-30 AU AU62499/96A patent/AU6249996A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1996-06-06 ZA ZA964767A patent/ZA964767B/xx unknown
  • 1996-06-07 AR ARP960103042A patent/AR002397A1/es unknown

Patent Citations (3)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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