EP1017621B1 - Purification of hydroxylamine - Google Patents

Purification of hydroxylamine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1017621B1
EP1017621B1 EP98922472A EP98922472A EP1017621B1 EP 1017621 B1 EP1017621 B1 EP 1017621B1 EP 98922472 A EP98922472 A EP 98922472A EP 98922472 A EP98922472 A EP 98922472A EP 1017621 B1 EP1017621 B1 EP 1017621B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hydroxylamine
solution
ion exchange
resin
beds
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98922472A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1017621A1 (en
EP1017621A4 (en
Inventor
Floyd L. Riddle
Francis W. Michelotti
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Ashland Inc
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Ashland Inc
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Publication of EP1017621A4 publication Critical patent/EP1017621A4/en
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Publication of EP1017621B1 publication Critical patent/EP1017621B1/en
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B21/00—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
    • C01B21/082—Compounds containing nitrogen and non-metals and optionally metals
    • C01B21/14—Hydroxylamine; Salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B21/00—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
    • C01B21/082—Compounds containing nitrogen and non-metals and optionally metals
    • C01B21/14—Hydroxylamine; Salts thereof
    • C01B21/1481—Purification

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for the purification of hydroxylamine. More particularly, there is provided a method of purifying aqueous solutions of hydroxylamines by means of ion exchange.
  • Hydroxylamine has found many uses in a variety of industries. In the pharmaceutical industry and in connection with stripping compositions for photoresists it has found wide use. In both the pharmaceutical industry and for photoresist treatment it is important that the product is free of impurities such as anions and cations.
  • US-A-4,147,623 discloses the purification of hydroxylamine by ion exclusion which includes use of anion exchange resin in which hydroxylammonium salts are passed.
  • the ion exchange resin is primarily utilized as a reaction source rather than for separation.
  • US-A-4,202,765 discloses the separation of hydroxylamine from a solution of hydroxylammonium salt through the use of a cation exchange resin. The process does not teach the exclusion of anions.
  • US-A-5,318,762 discloses treating solutions of hydroxylammonium salts containing excess acid by passing the solutions through a weak base ion exchange resin.
  • US-A-4,166,842 discloses a process of extracting hydroxylammonium ions from a solution utilizing a cation exchange resin which included the further step of converting the hydroxylammium ions to hydroxylamine.
  • None of the prior art teach the removal of cations and anions from hydroxylamine so as to produce a highly purified hydroxylamine.
  • the present invention provides a method for the purification of hydroxylamine so that cations and anions which are normally present are greatly reduced.
  • the process contains the steps which comprise:
  • the purification of hydroxylamine whereby the resulting product is substantially free of undesirable cations and anions.
  • the invention provides a process whereby an aqueous solution of hydroxylamine is passed through at least one bed of a cation strong acid ion exchange resin and at least one bed of a strong base anionic exchange resin. It is essential in the invention that the cationic exchange resin is pretreated with a 5 to 20% solution of hydrochloric acid.
  • the hydrochloric acid treatment is preferably with a 5-10% hydrochloric acid solution.
  • the anionic strong base ion exchange resin is preferably treated with either a dilute potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide solution so as to remove any undesirable cations which may be present.
  • cation resins containing strong acid groups in the hydrogen form are capable of removing many of the undesirable trace metals.
  • using conventional methods of pretreatment such as with dilute sulfuric acid does not produce the same results as found when dilute hydrochloric acid has been used to pretreat or regenerate the ion exchange resin.
  • the flow rate of the pretreatment with the 5-20%, preferably 5-10% by weight of hydroxylamine solution can be used to control the exotherm reaction which initially takes place.
  • Both gel type and macroporous type of ion exchange resins can be used in the present process.
  • the weak acid type cationic exchangers and the weak base anionic exchangers either alone or in combination with other exchangers have been found ineffective to reduce both the cationic and anionic trace materials found in the hydroxylamine compositions which are commercially produced.
  • the anion exchange resins which may be utilized in the present invention include the Purolite anion exchange resins A-600, A-400, A-300A-300E, A-400, A-850 and A-87, Rohm & Haas resins IRA-400, IRA-402, IRA-904 and IRA-93, Dow resins SBR, SAR, Dowex 66 and Dowex II, Ionac ASB-1, Duolite A-109 and the like in the OH - form.
  • the cation exchange resins which may be utilized in the invention include Purolite resins CT-151, C-100, C-150, C-105 and NRW-100, Rohm & Haas resins IR-120, IR-122, 200, DP-1 and IRC-50, Dow resin MSC-1, Dowex 88 and CCR-2, Ionac resin CC and CNN, Duolite resin C-200, C-26, C-280 and the like in the H + form.
  • Example 1 The reduction of trace metals by use of the process of Example 1 is summarized as follows: Before ion exchanged (ppb) After ion exchanged (ppb) Al 536 ⁇ 5 Ca 72 ⁇ 5 Cr 70 ⁇ 5 Fe 313 ⁇ 5 Mg 15 ⁇ 5 Before ion exchanged (ppb) After ion exchanged (ppb) Ni 29 9 K 307 ⁇ 5 Si 1687 ⁇ 5 Na 183 ⁇ 5
  • Example 1 The process of Example 1 was followed except that in lieu of 10% HCl, there was used 10% H 2 SO 4 in Step 1 to condition the resin.
  • the resulting hydroxylamine after passage through the anion exchange resin contained an unacceptable amount of trace cations.
  • Example 1 The procedure of Example 1 was followed except that in Step 2 Purolite A-100 a polystyrene type weak base anion exchange resin was utilized.
  • the resulting hydroxylamine after passage through the anion exchange resin contained an unacceptable amount of trace anions.
  • Example 2 The procedure of Example 2 was followed except that in Step 2 Purolite A-830 a weak base polyacrylic anion resin having a free base ionic form was utilized as the anion exchange resin.
  • the resulting hydroxylamine after passage through the anion exchange resin contained an unacceptable amount of trace anions.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Water By Ion Exchange (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
  • Removal Of Specific Substances (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Seal Device For Vehicle (AREA)
  • Polarising Elements (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a method for purification of hydroxylamine so as to have a substantial reduction of cations and anions. The method involves passing a solution of hydroxylamine through at least one strong acid ion exchange bed which has been pretreated with dilute hydrochloric acid and then through at least one strong base anion exchange resin bed.

Description

The present invention relates to a method for the purification of hydroxylamine. More particularly, there is provided a method of purifying aqueous solutions of hydroxylamines by means of ion exchange.
Hydroxylamine has found many uses in a variety of industries. In the pharmaceutical industry and in connection with stripping compositions for photoresists it has found wide use. In both the pharmaceutical industry and for photoresist treatment it is important that the product is free of impurities such as anions and cations.
US-A-4,147,623 discloses the purification of hydroxylamine by ion exclusion which includes use of anion exchange resin in which hydroxylammonium salts are passed. The ion exchange resin is primarily utilized as a reaction source rather than for separation.
US-A-4,202,765 discloses the separation of hydroxylamine from a solution of hydroxylammonium salt through the use of a cation exchange resin. The process does not teach the exclusion of anions.
US-A-5,318,762 discloses treating solutions of hydroxylammonium salts containing excess acid by passing the solutions through a weak base ion exchange resin.
US-A-4,166,842 discloses a process of extracting hydroxylammonium ions from a solution utilizing a cation exchange resin which included the further step of converting the hydroxylammium ions to hydroxylamine.
None of the prior art teach the removal of cations and anions from hydroxylamine so as to produce a highly purified hydroxylamine.
It is therefore an object of the invention to provide hydroxylamine solutions which are substantially free of undesirable cations and anions.
It is another object of the invention to purify hydroxylamine through the use of ion exchange resins.
The present invention provides a method for the purification of hydroxylamine so that cations and anions which are normally present are greatly reduced. The process contains the steps which comprise:
  • A. Passing an aqueous solution of hydroxylamine through at least one macroporous or gel, strong acid ion exchange resin bed which has been created with a 5 to 20% hydrochloric acid solution, and then
  • B. Passing the solution from Step A through a strong base anion exchange resin bed.
    • Advantageously, there is utilized a plurality of cationic ion exchange resin beds and a plurality of anionic ion exchange beds.
    According to the present invention, there is provided the purification of hydroxylamine whereby the resulting product is substantially free of undesirable cations and anions. The invention provides a process whereby an aqueous solution of hydroxylamine is passed through at least one bed of a cation strong acid ion exchange resin and at least one bed of a strong base anionic exchange resin. It is essential in the invention that the cationic exchange resin is pretreated with a 5 to 20% solution of hydrochloric acid. The hydrochloric acid treatment is preferably with a 5-10% hydrochloric acid solution.
    The anionic strong base ion exchange resin is preferably treated with either a dilute potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide solution so as to remove any undesirable cations which may be present.
    In accordance with the invention, it has been found that cation resins containing strong acid groups in the hydrogen form are capable of removing many of the undesirable trace metals. Also, using conventional methods of pretreatment such as with dilute sulfuric acid does not produce the same results as found when dilute hydrochloric acid has been used to pretreat or regenerate the ion exchange resin. It is preferred to also pretreat or regenerate the cationic exchange resin with a dilute solution of hydroxylamine such as a 5-20% solution, preferably, about 5-10% by weight solution of hydroxylamine before passing a 50% by weight solution of hydroxylamine through one or more beds of the ion exchange resins.
    An exothermic reaction is present when the hydroxylamine solution is added to the ion exchange bed so that it is preferable to utilize a dilute hydroxylamine solution to condition the ion exchange resin. The 50% aqueous hydroxylamine solution which is utilized reacts with a strong base cation exchange resin to produce the corresponding amine salt accompanied by a strong exothermic reaction. Once the amine salt has been formed and the exotherm subsides, the Na+, K+ and other cations exchange in the resin bed satisfactorily.
    The flow rate of the pretreatment with the 5-20%, preferably 5-10% by weight of hydroxylamine solution can be used to control the exotherm reaction which initially takes place.
    Most commercial ion exchange resins, both anionic and cationic, require additional cleaning or regeneration to take place prior to use. If the cleaning or regeneration is not performed, excessive decomposition of hydroxylamine take place. In the situation where the Na/K+ values go down but the CA+2 values go up, it has been found that regeneration of the cationic resin with dilute hydrochloric acid and the regeneration of the anionic resin with a base is required prior to use.
    Both gel type and macroporous type of ion exchange resins can be used in the present process. Preferred are the polystyrene and polyacrylic acid strong acid hydrogen form cationic exchangers and the strong base anion exchangers of the polystyrene or polyacrylic type in the OH- form.
    The weak acid type cationic exchangers and the weak base anionic exchangers either alone or in combination with other exchangers have been found ineffective to reduce both the cationic and anionic trace materials found in the hydroxylamine compositions which are commercially produced.
    The anion exchange resins which may be utilized in the present invention include the Purolite anion exchange resins A-600, A-400, A-300A-300E, A-400, A-850 and A-87, Rohm & Haas resins IRA-400, IRA-402, IRA-904 and IRA-93, Dow resins SBR, SAR, Dowex 66 and Dowex II, Ionac ASB-1, Duolite A-109 and the like in the OH- form.
    The cation exchange resins which may be utilized in the invention include Purolite resins CT-151, C-100, C-150, C-105 and NRW-100, Rohm & Haas resins IR-120, IR-122, 200, DP-1 and IRC-50, Dow resin MSC-1, Dowex 88 and CCR-2, Ionac resin CC and CNN, Duolite resin C-200, C-26, C-280 and the like in the H+ form.
    The following examples are provided to further illustrate the present invention.
    Example 1
  • 1. Into a 1 inch diameter glass column containing a stopcock was added 25ml of Purolite CT-151 cation exchange resin. The column was flushed with 1 liter of DI water. The resin was then flushed with 1000ml of 10% hydrochloric acid. The column was tested to determine if all undesirable cations are removed by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis. The column was then flushed with DI water until the chloride ion level was < 0.5ppm. The column was then dried with nitrogen. A 5% hydroxylamine solution was poured through the column and there was an exothermic reaction. After the exotherm was complete a 50% hydroxylamine solution was passed through the column.
  • 2. A glass column was prepared with Purolite anion exchange resin A-400 similar to Part I. 1000ml of 8% KOH was passed through the column until an inductively coupled plasma analysis indicated removal of metal anions, particularly FeCl6 -3. The column was then flushed with 2 liters of DI water until the K+ analysis by ICP was < 5ppb. The column was then dried with nitrogen and ready for use. The 50% hydroxylamine solution processed in Step 1 was then passed through the cation exchange resin. Preferably, the 50% hydroxylamine solution is passed through a plurality (about 5) of the prepared cation exchange beds and then through about 3 anion exchange beds.
    • The reduction of trace metals by use of the process of Example 1 is summarized as follows:
    Before ion exchanged
    (ppb)    		 After ion exchanged
    (ppb)
    Al 536 < 5
    Ca 72 < 5
    Cr 70 < 5
    Fe 313 < 5
    Mg 15 < 5
    Before ion exchanged
    (ppb)    		 After ion exchanged
    (ppb)
    Ni 29 9
    K 307 < 5
    Si 1687 < 5
    Na 183 < 5
    Comparative Example 1
    The process of Example 1 was followed except that in lieu of 10% HCl, there was used 10% H2SO4 in Step 1 to condition the resin.
    The resulting hydroxylamine after passage through the anion exchange resin contained an unacceptable amount of trace cations.
    Comparative Example 2
    The procedure of Example 1 was followed except that in Step 2 Purolite A-100 a polystyrene type weak base anion exchange resin was utilized.
    The resulting hydroxylamine after passage through the anion exchange resin contained an unacceptable amount of trace anions.
    Comparative Example 3
    The procedure of Example 2 was followed except that in Step 2 Purolite A-830 a weak base polyacrylic anion resin having a free base ionic form was utilized as the anion exchange resin.
    The resulting hydroxylamine after passage through the anion exchange resin contained an unacceptable amount of trace anions.

    Claims (9)

    1. A method for the purification of hydroxylamine which comprises the steps of:
      A. passing an aqueous solution of hydroxylamine through at least one macroporous or gel strong acid ion exchange resin bed which has been treated with a 5 to 20% hydrochloric acid solution, and then
      B. passing the solution from Step A through at least one strong base anion exchange resin bed.
    2. The method of claim 1 wherein said resin of Step A is a strong acid polystyrene resin.
    3. The method of claim 1 wherein said resin of Step B comprises polystyrene cross-linked with divinylbenzene.
    4. The method of claim 1 wherein said hydroxylamine solution comprises about 5 to 10% by weight of hydroxylamine.
    5. The method of claim 4 including the subsequent step of passing a 50% by weight hydroxylamine solution.
    6. The method of claim 1 wherein said hydroxylamine solution is passed through a plurality of resin beds in Step A.
    7. The method of claim 2 wherein said hydroxylamine solution from Step A is passed through a plurality of resin beds in Step B.
    8. A method for the purification of hydroxylamine which comprises the steps of:
      a) forming a plurality of strong acid ion exchange beds;
      b) forming a plurality of strong base ion exchange beds;
      c) treating the strong acid ion exchange beds with a 5 to 20% hydrochloric acid solution;
      d) treating the strong base ion exchange beds with a solution of sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide;
      e) passing an aqueous solution containing about 5 to 20% by weight of hydroxylamine through said strong acid and strong base ion exchange beds; and then
      f) passing an aqueous solution containing about 50% by weight of hydroxylamine through said strong acid and strong base ion exchange beds.
    9. An aqueous hydroxylamine solution prepared by the method of any of claims 1 or 8.
    EP98922472A 1997-07-16 1998-05-21 Purification of hydroxylamine Expired - Lifetime EP1017621B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (3)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    US895361 1997-07-16
    US08/895,361 US5788946A (en) 1997-07-16 1997-07-16 Purification of hydroxylamine
    PCT/US1998/010445 WO1999003780A1 (en) 1997-07-16 1998-05-21 Purification of hydroxylamine

    Publications (3)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP1017621A1 EP1017621A1 (en) 2000-07-12
    EP1017621A4 EP1017621A4 (en) 2000-10-18
    EP1017621B1 true EP1017621B1 (en) 2003-07-30

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    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP98922472A Expired - Lifetime EP1017621B1 (en) 1997-07-16 1998-05-21 Purification of hydroxylamine

    Country Status (16)

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    US (1) US5788946A (en)
    EP (1) EP1017621B1 (en)
    JP (1) JP3567206B2 (en)
    KR (1) KR100485849B1 (en)
    CN (1) CN1130307C (en)
    AT (1) ATE246145T1 (en)
    AU (1) AU7500898A (en)
    CA (1) CA2296699C (en)
    DE (1) DE69816842T2 (en)
    DK (1) DK1017621T3 (en)
    ES (1) ES2203954T3 (en)
    ID (1) ID22371A (en)
    MY (1) MY118717A (en)
    NO (1) NO20000203L (en)
    TW (1) TW424081B (en)
    WO (1) WO1999003780A1 (en)

    Families Citing this family (11)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    DE19806578A1 (en) 1998-02-17 1999-08-19 Basf Ag Production of aqueous hydroxylamine solution containing essentially no metal ions, used in electronics industry
    US7329354B2 (en) * 1998-06-09 2008-02-12 Ppt Technologies, Llc Purification of organic solvent fluids
    DE19936594A1 (en) 1999-08-04 2001-02-08 Basf Ag Process for the preparation of high-purity stabilized hydroxylamine solutions
    US6355179B1 (en) 1999-12-10 2002-03-12 Basf Corporation Decomposition of residual hydroxylamine by hydrogen peroxide treatment
    US6350614B1 (en) * 2000-02-07 2002-02-26 Concept Sciences, Inc System for the ion exchange purification of hydroxylamine
    JP4582602B2 (en) * 2000-03-24 2010-11-17 ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピア Hydroxylamine aqueous solution and process for producing the same
    DK1427669T3 (en) * 2001-09-06 2006-03-27 Basf Ag Improved process for preparing highly concentrated hydroxylamine
    US20060077958A1 (en) * 2004-10-08 2006-04-13 Satya Mallya Method of and system for group communication
    JP4578998B2 (en) * 2005-02-10 2010-11-10 昭和電工株式会社 Method for producing hydroxylamine
    JP4578999B2 (en) * 2005-02-10 2010-11-10 昭和電工株式会社 Method for producing hydroxylamine
    CN112723328B (en) * 2020-12-17 2022-03-11 浙江锦华新材料股份有限公司 Preparation method of high-purity solid hydroxylamine hydrochloride

    Family Cites Families (7)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    JPS5534764B2 (en) * 1972-06-02 1980-09-09
    US4202765A (en) * 1977-10-28 1980-05-13 Allied Chemical Corporation Hydroxylamine purification via cation exchange
    US4147623A (en) * 1977-10-28 1979-04-03 Allied Chemical Corporation Hydroxylamine purification via ion exclusion
    US4166842A (en) * 1977-10-28 1979-09-04 Allied Chemical Corporation Hydroxylamine purification via liquid/liquid extraction
    DE3607998A1 (en) * 1986-03-11 1987-09-17 Basf Ag METHOD FOR PROCESSING HYDROXYLAMINE OR WATER CONTAINING ITS SALTS
    US5318762A (en) * 1992-12-09 1994-06-07 Olin Corporation Process for treating aqueous solutions of hydroxylamine salts containing excess acid
    HRP960601B1 (en) * 1995-12-20 2001-12-31 Basf Ag Process for separating medium boiling substances from a mixture of low, medium and high boiling substances

    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    ATE246145T1 (en) 2003-08-15
    CA2296699C (en) 2003-08-05
    NO20000203D0 (en) 2000-01-14
    WO1999003780A1 (en) 1999-01-28
    KR20010021915A (en) 2001-03-15
    US5788946A (en) 1998-08-04
    ES2203954T3 (en) 2004-04-16
    DE69816842D1 (en) 2003-09-04
    EP1017621A1 (en) 2000-07-12
    CN1269766A (en) 2000-10-11
    KR100485849B1 (en) 2005-04-28
    CN1130307C (en) 2003-12-10
    EP1017621A4 (en) 2000-10-18
    JP2001510133A (en) 2001-07-31
    TW424081B (en) 2001-03-01
    AU7500898A (en) 1999-02-10
    CA2296699A1 (en) 1999-01-28
    MY118717A (en) 2005-01-31
    DK1017621T3 (en) 2003-10-27
    JP3567206B2 (en) 2004-09-22
    NO20000203L (en) 2000-03-02
    ID22371A (en) 1999-10-07
    DE69816842T2 (en) 2004-04-22

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