EP1013010B1 - Nachrichtenübertragungssystem für innenraum und synchronisation des empfängers - Google Patents

Nachrichtenübertragungssystem für innenraum und synchronisation des empfängers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1013010B1
EP1013010B1 EP98947489A EP98947489A EP1013010B1 EP 1013010 B1 EP1013010 B1 EP 1013010B1 EP 98947489 A EP98947489 A EP 98947489A EP 98947489 A EP98947489 A EP 98947489A EP 1013010 B1 EP1013010 B1 EP 1013010B1
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Prior art keywords
frame
time slot
timing
data
slot
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EP98947489A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1013010A1 (de
Inventor
Otto Klank
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Deutsche Thomson Brandt GmbH
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Deutsche Thomson Brandt GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/24—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts
    • H04B7/26—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L7/00—Arrangements for synchronising receiver with transmitter
    • H04L7/04—Speed or phase control by synchronisation signals
    • H04L7/041—Speed or phase control by synchronisation signals using special codes as synchronising signal
    • H04L7/042—Detectors therefor, e.g. correlators, state machines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L7/00—Arrangements for synchronising receiver with transmitter
    • H04L7/02—Speed or phase control by the received code signals, the signals containing no special synchronisation information
    • H04L7/033—Speed or phase control by the received code signals, the signals containing no special synchronisation information using the transitions of the received signal to control the phase of the synchronising-signal-generating means, e.g. using a phase-locked loop
    • H04L7/0337—Selecting between two or more discretely delayed clocks or selecting between two or more discretely delayed received code signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L7/00—Arrangements for synchronising receiver with transmitter
    • H04L7/04—Speed or phase control by synchronisation signals
    • H04L7/041—Speed or phase control by synchronisation signals using special codes as synchronising signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L7/00—Arrangements for synchronising receiver with transmitter
    • H04L7/04—Speed or phase control by synchronisation signals
    • H04L7/08—Speed or phase control by synchronisation signals the synchronisation signals recurring cyclically
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W56/00—Synchronisation arrangements

Definitions

  • a frame/slot synchronization method applied to a received TDMA signal is known in which a temporal position of a reference feature is acquired. Verification that the acquired temporal position corresponds to the desired time slot is performed by repetitively estimating a temporal position of the reference feature in a subsequent frame and sampling the subsequent frame at the estimated temporal position to determine if the reference feature is present.
  • All devices of a home have to work in a quasi-synchronous mode with a frequency stability for example of about 10x10-6.
  • the inventive transmitted signals of any device are frame-aligned to the signals of the others.
  • the timing of the following frame is based - according to the invention - directly on the last preceding control slot signal.
  • the transmitted control slot signals are related to the respective preceding control slot, the first control slot of the frame is related to the last control slot of the previous frame.
  • the timing of the data slot signals of all devices will be based on the last control slot signal of the same frame, applying the defined frame structure. At the end of the frame a longer guard-time can be included.
  • the various signals of the users or terminals of one cluster are embedded in a common TDMA frame. If the use of a second channel is allowed, this embedding applies separately to both channels, whilst the messages and data transmission of a user may be split over the two channels.
  • the inventive frame organization is based on time slots which are assigned to the users during initialization processes and which requires at least a quasi-time-synchronous generation and transmission of the slot signals. Furthermore, certain timing tolerances have to be kept in order to avoid collisions within the own frame and to ensure transmission of the defined data rates.
  • the evaluation of the various signals in the receiver should be as simple as possible where especially the maximal centre frequency deviation could be an important factor, e. g. for the correlation with midambles and channel equalization process.
  • Transmission especially the correct positioning of the transmitted slot signals-requires an adequate receiver in order to monitor and time-evaluate the signals of the other users and accordingly arrange the own signals.
  • the corresponding part is described in the chapters 2. 'Receiver synchronization' and 3. 'Channel acquisition, monitoring and sensing processes'.
  • the receiver Since the various signals of the frame are not fully synchronous - neither in the RF frequency nor in the timing -, the receiver has to deal with changing conditions and a quasi-ad-hoc synchronization or evaluation must be performed if signals of more than one user shall be monitored or evaluated.
  • the reference oscillator(s) can be a remarkable cost factor.
  • a very complex processing in the receiver - in order to deal with rather bad conditions - might also cause realization problems.
  • a compromise has to be made.
  • a requirement from the receiver point of view could be to allow a fast monitoring with practicable means, i.e. with only one correlation per slot or midamble, which implies that the phase rotation within the midamble caused by the frequency deviation is significantly less than 180°, otherwise additional correlations with predistorted midambles have to be performed or the result in critical cases will be significantly less than the maximum.
  • RF Frequency and phase deviations based on a relative tolerance of ⁇ 10 * 10 -6 2.4 GHz 5.7 GHz Transmitter Receiver (after downconversion) Transmitter Receiver (after downconversion) Frequency deviation ⁇ 24 kHz ⁇ 48 kHz ⁇ 48 kHz ⁇ 96 kHz Phase deviation ) per symbol ⁇ ⁇ 1.05° ⁇ ⁇ 2.1 ° ⁇ ⁇ 2.1 ° ⁇ 4.2 ° Phase deviation per midamble about 34° about 70° Phase deviation over half the data slot duration about 880° or ⁇ 2.5 ⁇ about 1750° or ⁇ 4.9 ⁇
  • the transmitted signal(s) of any user must be frame-aligned to the signals of the others (if present), which implies:
  • Fig. 1 Frame alignment and timing tolerances of signals within a frame (example)
  • Fig. 2 concatenation of the various signals and tolerances.
  • Fig. 3 Concatenation of signals and tolerances (b and c); choosing wrong reference signals
  • Fig. 4 an example for a correlation result (only magnitudes), comprising the components of three users (different magnitudes and delay constellations).
  • Fig. 5 Correlation result showing the signals of Fig. 4 after assignment to a detected commonly used frame (spacing over time partly different; noise and interference suppressed)
  • Fig. 6 Functional diagram of channel estimation, equalization and frequency (phase) correction
  • Fig. 7 Correlation result containing control and data signals of three transmitters (spacing over time partly different; the threshold defines whether a slot is determined to be empty or not) Frame alignment and tolerances are shown in Fig. 1, where:
  • the components 0.558 T sl1 and 0.486 T sl2 take into account the duration of half a control slot and half a data slot - the'first with full and the second without guard time - at the end of the control slot section. These values correspond with the centre definition used below; they have to be adapted if another definition shall be used.
  • the following tolerances have to be applied in order to avoid bigger timing deviations over the length of a frame and severe drawbacks in the data handling: Table 1.2: Timing tolerances to be applied to control and data slots. The terms used in the table are identical to those used in Fig. 1.
  • a negative tolerance t tol1 , t tol2 or t tol3 means that part of the guard time of the preceding slot signal might already be used by the following signal. The reason is to ensure that the practical frame cannot be longer than the defined 10.32 ms, to guarantee the specified data rates.
  • the processes are to be based on the transmitted midambles correlation, and, in order to find the frame start, on finding the control slots signal(s).
  • the framing can be detected by one or a combination of the following methods:
  • the solution requires an ad-hoc positioning of the control slot signal and also - commonly for all data slots of a user - of the data slot signals.
  • the tolerance of about 0.5 ⁇ s ( ⁇ 4 symbols) enables the user to apply its own free-running clock signal with ⁇ 25 * 10 -6 and allows reasonable timing deviations in the reference slot signal evaluation and in the signal timing for transmission.
  • the data slots are related to the last control slot in the frame and use the same clock together with the calculated and corrected distances.
  • Timing solutions are possible, e.g. to base any slot signal on the preceding one or to base all slot signals commonly on one e. g. the first control slot signal.
  • the maximum time deviation, positive as negative, per frame can be estimated by the following equation: t ⁇ fr ⁇ (1... 16) (t tol1 + t tr ) + t b T fr where the part 16* t tol1 represents the 16 (possible) tolerances in the control slot signal positioning (incl. one to the previous frame) and 16 * t tr takes into account the sum of transfer times (incl. an uncertainty of ⁇ 1/2 symbol) over the connections needed to derive the reference position.
  • the corresponding internal distance t ⁇ ,int is defined by the following equation: t ⁇ ,int ⁇ t b T fr + t tol1 0(condit. 2) + t tr (condit. 1)
  • the application of the transfer time t tr depends on the question whether the reference signal is derived from another user (condit. 1) or the own control signal (condit. 2; if the signal is the last one in the frame).
  • Fig. 2 shows the concatenation of the various signals and tolerances, where X 1 ... X 4 are the theoretical distances (see Fig. 1), t b is the basic (relative) tolerance of ⁇ 25 * 10 -6 , and t x represents a resulting deviation between the overall and the internal framing.
  • the defined tolerance concept provides reasoriable tolerances for the system components and allows the requirements with respect to system performance to be fulfilled in order to guarantee specified data rates and/or avoiding collisions.
  • the guard time of the control slots is decreased to 2.75 ⁇ s, the guard time of the data slots to 2.85 ⁇ s, and to add the time gain of 16.48 ⁇ s to the end of the frame, which yields 19.33 ⁇ s for the last value.
  • Timing of the received symbols and the assignment to the commonly used frame are to be based on correlation processes, i.e., corresponding sections of the received signal will be correlated with the reference or training sequence (midamble) stored in the receiver.
  • For a general searching or monitoring function - in order to detect all components within the frame or cluster - this must be done on a symbol-by-symbol basis over at least one frame according to the following equation: where x defines the position within a data sequence with N fr : number of symbols per frame, ⁇ x+.. are the received data values, Y m represents the training sequence, and C x delivers the amplitudes and phases of the received slot signals.
  • Fig. 4 shows an example for a correlation result (only magnitudes), comprising the components of three users (different magnitudes and delay constellations).
  • sporadic pulses or responses including echo components may appear within data sections.
  • pulses are also characterized by a - from frame to frame - varying position and additionally by the fact that there is always a bigger main pulse within the same section.
  • Fig. 5 shows a correlation result where the components (same as in Fig 4) have been assigned to the detected used frame.
  • the correlation processes may be restricted to those ranges where the midambles are to be expected.
  • I max,s The position of the maximum magnitude value
  • max W Imax,s within the range.
  • the reliability of the result with respect to echo amplitudes and phases might be improved to a certain extent by performing a cyclic, e. g. modulo 16, correlation afterwards, based on the maximum found in the previous process.
  • the selection of the relevant data section of one slot has to be based on I max,s .
  • the succeeding signal processing is to be performed with the same local clock conditions in conjunction with the channel pulse response of the slot.
  • a remaining relative timing error between the two devices - based on 25*10 -6 for each and calculated over the relevant range of one slot - results in a timing error for the outer sections of the slots in the order of ⁇ 2*25 *10 -6 *836/2 ⁇ 0.021 symbols.
  • a second correlation could be performed with a time shift of half the sampling interval, which requires an additional sampling with the inverted clock signal over at least the midamble plus some extension.
  • the best constellation could be chosen to be valid for the entire slot (criteria: peak value or remaining power outside a certain time range to be as low as possible).
  • the deviation is a time-linear rotation of the complete signal which can be corrected by an opposite rotation of the received values, at least for the time of one slot.
  • the main question is: can this be made in combination with a 'closed' equalizer, or is a combined equalization and correction process needed, and if yes, what complexity does this require ?
  • FIG. 6 A simplified functional diagram of the process is shown in Fig. 6.
  • a baseband signal IN is-fed to the input of a phase correction device 2, to the midamble correlation device 1 and a ⁇ calculation and averaging device 3.
  • the output signal of the phase correction device 2 is led to an input of a (viterbi) equalizer 5.
  • the output of the equalizer 5 is fed back via a signal reconstruction device 4 to ⁇ calculation and averaging device 3.
  • One correlation signal output 7 of the midamble correlation device 1 is fed to control inputs of the equalizer 5 and the signal reconstruction device 4.
  • a second output of the midambles correlation device 1 is fed to a control input of the ⁇ , averaging device 3 as start condition signal line 6.
  • a starting position or value for the correction of a number of symbols around the midamble, including the midamble itself, might be found by one or a combination of the following procedures:
  • the correlation range is defined by r, where similar conditions have to be chosen as in chapter 2.2 Timing, e.g., ⁇ 75 symbols.
  • Timing e.g., ⁇ 75 symbols.
  • the results from the timing correlation might as well be used and multiplied by e j ⁇ t .
  • the process has to be performed for an adequate number of d-values, frequency deviations. For example, at 2.4 GHz the deviation over the midamble is 34°, and if this range shall be searched in steps of 10°, equivalent to resulting phase deviations of 5° abs. or ⁇ 2.5° with respect to the centre, this would require 2-times 3 correlations, positive and negative values. Of course, this quantity can be reduced by a more sophisticated process.
  • Two different correlations are to be made with the training sequence split into two halves, in case of a single sequence or with the two parts of a double sequence, e.g. 2 x 16 symbols, the results of the two correlations are A+jB and C + jD.
  • the relative phase difference (per symbol) between both is: where q x is given by the quantity of symbol spacings between the centres of both sequences or parts.
  • the phase difference between both sub-results should not extend 180°.
  • the intermediate results from the subgroups are valid for the corresponding distances between the section taken into account and the centre of the training or midamble section. These results are then divided by the corresponding distance in order to obtain a deviation per symbol. Finally, the various results are averaged.
  • the received data values will be corrected with -(i-1/2) ⁇ for the upper part and with -(-i+1/2) ⁇ for the lower part (multiplications by e -j( ⁇ i ⁇ 1/2) ⁇ ; where i is the index of the symbols starting with 1 for both sides from the midamble's centre and ⁇ is the result of the frequency deviation estimation from above - preferable of the improved estimation).
  • the equalization process can be started, favourably also with the respective known symbols of the midamble.
  • the values can be used to update ⁇ by ⁇ ⁇ i /i, values from both directions and applying a simple filtering.
  • the new ⁇ is then used to pre-correct the next data values as above before entering the equalizer, and so on. This applies for the whole slot.
  • ⁇ corr-1 represents the previous correction value and ⁇ corr the actual value ⁇ defines the filter characteristic; a value of, e.g., 0.05 might be used for a case in which the ⁇ values represent groups or results of 8 symbols averaged.
  • the frequency deviation estimates made for the various slots from one or several users might be averaged over a longer time period and part of the resulting deviation, e.g. if it exceeds a value of 1.5-times the allowed tolerance for one user might be used to correct the own reference oscillator.
  • a current monitoring of the own network - midambles - enables the device to fast acquire a corresponding part of the channel if requested. If a network of the own cluster does not exists or only one exists but a second one is allowed, then all possible channels have to be checked and identified with respect to the presence of signals, that implies correlation with midamble, frame determination, cluster identification number and, if a network of the own cluster appears, the checks described above have to be applied.
  • Channels used by other clusters might be excluded for a while but need to be checked from time to time in order to detect a release by the "old" user and an entering by a user of the own cluster.
  • the monitoring normally includes searching the channels on midambles, which yields a knowledge about empty channels and enables the device to be as fast as possible if requested to open a network.
  • the processes are identically to those described in chapter 2.2 - Timing / 2.2.1-General approach. Either a continuous correlation symbol by symbol or, in case of a network of the own cluster, a detailed analysis is performed, where in these cases only the magnitudes are relevant. A simultaneous processing with different (phase-predistorted) sequences seems not to be necessary.
  • the corresponding formulae are:
  • Fig. 7 shows an example of a correlation result obtained from a channel used by three transmitters, which might be a channel of the own cluster or from another, near-by cluster, depending on the identity number as described below, whereby "*" marks empty slots; relevant only if the channel belongs to the own cluster

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Time-Division Multiplex Systems (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Synchronisation In Digital Transmission Systems (AREA)
  • Digital Transmission Methods That Use Modulated Carrier Waves (AREA)
  • Small-Scale Networks (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Verfahren zur Rahmen-Ausrichtung für ein Kommunikationssystem unter Verwendung eines Zeit-Multiplex-TDMA-Datenübertragungsverfahrens mit mehrfachem Zugriff, wobei Daten in Rahmen übertragen werden, wobei ein Rahmen in eine Anzahl von Zeitschlitzen unterteilt ist und ein Rahmen aus mehreren Steuer-Zeitschlitzen am Beginn und nachfolgenden Daten-Zeitschlitzen besteht, wobei ein besonderer Steuer-Zeitschlitz einem besonderen Benutzer gewidmet ist, und wobei jedem Zeitschlitz eine erste definierte Schutzzeit zugeordnet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Rahmen-Ausrichtung durch die folgenden Schritte ausgeführt wird:
    Das Timing eines ersten besetzten Steuer-Zeitschlitzes des Rahmens wird durch Rückbeziehung auf das Timing des letzten besetzten Steuer-Zeitschlitzes des vorhergehenden Rahmens definiert; jeder nachfolgende besetzte Steuer-Zeitschlitz wird in Bezug auf den früheren besetzten Steuer-Zeitschlitz desselben Rahmens Zeit-positioniert;
    Das Timing der besetzten Daten-Zeitschlitze innerhalb des Rahmens wird durch Rückbeziehung auf das Timing des letzten besetzten Steuer-Zeitschlitzes desselben Rahmens definiert;
    wobei dem Rahmen eine zweite definierte Schutzzeit zugeordnet wird und diese Schutzzeit am Ende des Rahmens positioniert wird, wobei die zweite definierte Schutzzeit in Bezug auf die erste definierte Schutzzeit verlängert ist.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem jedem Signal, das in einem Zeitschlitz gesendet wird, eine Midamble hinzugefügt wird, die zur Bestimmung eines Timing-Bezugspunktes für den entsprechenden Zeitschlitz verwendet wird.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei dem einem Daten-Zeitschlitz eine andere Schutzzeit zugeordnet wird als einem Steuer-Zeitschlitz.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, bei dem zwei Übungs-Sequenzen mit identischer Länge in der Midamble eines Zeitschlitzes übertragen werden, insbesondere zwei identische Sequenzen mit einer Länge von 16 Symbolen.
  5. Benutzer-Station zur Durchführung eines Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 mit einer Empfänger-Einheit und einer Sende-Einheit, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Mittel vorgesehen sind, um empfangene Signale, die in Steuer-Zeitschlitzen und Daten-Zeitschlitzen gesendet werden, abzuschätzen, und um Timing-Bezugspunkte für die besetzten Steuer-Zeitschlitze und Daten-Zeitschlitze zu bestimmen,
    wobei zum Senden von Steuersignalen in dem ersten Steuer-Zeitschlitz eines Rahmens Timing-Einstellmittel vorgesehen sind, die das Timing des ersten Steuer-Zeitschlitzes durch Rückbeziehung auf das Timing des letzten besetzten Steuer-Zeitschlitzes des vorhergehenden Rahmens einstellen,
    wobei zum Senden von Steuersignalen in einem nachfolgenden Steuer-Zeitschlitz der Rahmen-Timing-Einstellung Mittel vorgesehen sind, die das Timing des nachfolgenden Steuer-Zeitschlitzes durch Rückbeziehung auf das Timing des vorhergehenden besetzten Steuer-Zeitschlitzes desselben Rahmens einstellen, und
       wobei zum Senden von Datensignalen in einem Daten-Zeitschlitz des Rahmens Timing-Einstellmittel vorgesehen sind, die das Timing des Daten-Zeitschlitzes durch Rückbeziehung auf das Timing des letzten besetzten Steuer-Zeitschlitzes desselben Rahmens einstellen.
EP98947489A 1997-09-13 1998-08-31 Nachrichtenübertragungssystem für innenraum und synchronisation des empfängers Expired - Lifetime EP1013010B1 (de)

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EP98947489A EP1013010B1 (de) 1997-09-13 1998-08-31 Nachrichtenübertragungssystem für innenraum und synchronisation des empfängers

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP97115977A EP0902555A1 (de) 1997-09-13 1997-09-13 Nachrichtenübertragungssystem für Innenraum und Synchronisation eines Empfängers
EP97115977 1997-09-13
PCT/EP1998/005526 WO1999014872A1 (en) 1997-09-13 1998-08-31 Indoor communication system and synchronisation for a receiver
EP98947489A EP1013010B1 (de) 1997-09-13 1998-08-31 Nachrichtenübertragungssystem für innenraum und synchronisation des empfängers

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EP1013010A1 EP1013010A1 (de) 2000-06-28
EP1013010B1 true EP1013010B1 (de) 2002-07-17

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EP (2) EP0902555A1 (de)
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CN (1) CN1129251C (de)
AU (1) AU9438898A (de)
BR (1) BR9814277A (de)
DE (1) DE69806611T2 (de)
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KR101007397B1 (ko) * 2010-10-28 2011-01-13 삼성탈레스 주식회사 분산된 ＴＤＭＡ Ａｄ－ｈｏｃ 네트워크 ＭＡＣ 프로토콜의 프레임 구조
CN103728592B (zh) * 2014-01-22 2015-10-21 四川九洲空管科技有限责任公司 一种数字阵二次雷达系统光纤通信数据同步方法
CN111381225B (zh) * 2020-04-09 2022-03-22 中国电子科技集团公司第二十八研究所 一种基于vdb系统的民航进场着陆高精度测距系统及测距方法

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HUP0003987A1 (hu) 2001-02-28
CN1129251C (zh) 2003-11-26
DE69806611D1 (de) 2002-08-22
ID24153A (id) 2000-07-13
EP1013010A1 (de) 2000-06-28
HUP0003987A3 (en) 2001-12-28
WO1999014872A1 (en) 1999-03-25
AU9438898A (en) 1999-04-05
CN1269928A (zh) 2000-10-11
US6690658B1 (en) 2004-02-10
KR20010023188A (ko) 2001-03-26
JP2001517015A (ja) 2001-10-02
EP0902555A1 (de) 1999-03-17
BR9814277A (pt) 2001-10-23
DE69806611T2 (de) 2002-12-05

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