EP1008826B1 - Fallstrom-Verdampfer und Luftzerlegungsvorrichtung - Google Patents

Fallstrom-Verdampfer und Luftzerlegungsvorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1008826B1
EP1008826B1 EP99403043A EP99403043A EP1008826B1 EP 1008826 B1 EP1008826 B1 EP 1008826B1 EP 99403043 A EP99403043 A EP 99403043A EP 99403043 A EP99403043 A EP 99403043A EP 1008826 B1 EP1008826 B1 EP 1008826B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reboiler
liquid
passage
passages
main
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99403043A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1008826A1 (de
Inventor
Marc Wagner
Jean-Yves Thonnelier
Etienne Werlen
Jean-Renaud Brugerolle
Jean-Yves Lehman
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA a Directoire et Conseil de Surveillance pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Publication of EP1008826A1 publication Critical patent/EP1008826A1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D3/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium flows in a continuous film, or trickles freely, over the conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J5/00—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
    • F25J5/002—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger
    • F25J5/005—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger in a reboiler-condenser, e.g. within a column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D3/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium flows in a continuous film, or trickles freely, over the conduits
    • F28D3/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium flows in a continuous film, or trickles freely, over the conduits with tubular conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/025—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/04—Down-flowing type boiler-condenser, i.e. with evaporation of a falling liquid film
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/44—Particular materials used, e.g. copper, steel or alloys thereof or surface treatments used, e.g. enhanced surface
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S62/00—Refrigeration
    • Y10S62/902—Apparatus
    • Y10S62/903—Heat exchange structure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a vaporizer of the type comprising a heat exchanger body which has main passages placed in heat exchange relationship, means for forming a bath of the liquid to be sprayed so that it circulates in at least a first of said passages main, and means for introducing circulating fluid into the minus a second of said main passages so that it ensures the vaporization of the liquid, the heat exchanger body being formed from an assembly of substantially parallel parallel plates similar alternately delimiting the first and second passages main which are flat.
  • a vaporizer is already known from EP-A1-0130122.
  • the invention applies, for example, to a vaporizer-condenser for a double column air distillation installation.
  • oxygen-rich liquid from the low pressure column tank, is vaporized in the evaporator-condenser by condensation of a nitrogen-rich gas, taken off at the head of the medium pressure column.
  • an air separation device such as a double distillation column includes several types of heat exchanger heat.
  • a main heat exchanger is used to cool the supply air of the apparatus at distillation temperature by heat exchange with a or more fluids from the distillation apparatus. In some cases, these are pressurized liquids from the device that vaporize against the air at distill in the exchanger. These exchangers are normally made entirely of aluminum or copper or alloys of these metals (WO95 / 28610).
  • the apparatus also comprises at least one vaporizer-condenser which is a heat exchanger placed inside or outside of the column.
  • vaporizers-condensers are usually made entirely in copper, stainless steel, nickel or aluminum and are made up of at least two circuits which are connected to the rest of the installation by means of pipes welded to the equipment.
  • Exchangers used in air separation devices include heat exchanger bodies which are often made in parallel aluminum plates having a similar contour brazed between they.
  • a oxygen-rich liquid vaporizes against a current rich in gas nitrogen (such as air or nitrogen with a purity greater than 80%).
  • EP-0795349 describes the case where such a vaporizer is combined with a thermosiphon type vaporizer (so-called bath vaporizer, i.e. a vaporizer completely immersed in the liquid where the recirculation of the liquid rich in oxygen is made thanks to the hydraulic thrust due to the difference in density between the bath and the liquid vaporizing in the passages).
  • bath vaporizer i.e. a vaporizer completely immersed in the liquid where the recirculation of the liquid rich in oxygen is made thanks to the hydraulic thrust due to the difference in density between the bath and the liquid vaporizing in the passages.
  • the liquid is distributed between many passages made up of waves vertical inserted between two so-called separating sheets and thus constituting thermal fins, and due to the pitch of these waves the bodies brazed plate heat exchangers have surfaces very large exchange.
  • liquid film when the whole surface is wet, the liquid film will be very thin and to avoid dry spraying at the bottom of the first passages main or in the event of a distribution fault, liquid is poured in excess in the heat exchanger body. This excess liquid forces in general to recycle liquid by means of a pump.
  • vaporizers of the aforementioned type called bath, recirculation of the liquid is also maintained to avoid dry vaporization in the top of the first main passengers.
  • US-A-5699671 further describes a vaporizer with an exchanger body vertically arranged tubular in which nitrogen gas condenses at contact of its tubes.
  • An object of the invention is to solve this problem by providing a vaporizer of the aforementioned type which limits the risk of clogging of the passage (s) dedicated to the liquid to be vaporized.
  • Another object of the invention is to minimize the recirculation of the liquid to be vaporized in vaporizers of the aforementioned type and ensure the safety of the optimal operation and performance.
  • the invention relates to a vaporizer of the aforementioned type, characterized in that the or each first main passage has, in current section transverse to the direction of circulation of the liquid at spray, at least one region of free flow continues sufficiently extended to allow the liquid to bypass a deposit of impurities, or at least a first main passage is either narrower than a second main passage and contains neither exchange wave nor passage auxiliary, either contains one or more closed auxiliary passage (s) which span most of the dimension of the heat exchanger body parallel to the direction of flow of the liquid to be vaporized, the walls of the (of) auxiliary passage (s) touching the plates defining the passage main.
  • all the first main passages contain at least minus a closed auxiliary passage.
  • the liquid sent into the auxiliary passage crosses the vaporizer without contacting the plates defining the first passages key.
  • the liquid should be avoided between the exterior of the auxiliary passage and the passages defined by the plates.
  • passages auxiliaries in a material block (e.g. aluminum, nickel or copper). If the block has substantially the dimensions of a first pass main, the liquid will not be able to flow outside the passages auxiliaries which are cylindrical holes passing through the block.
  • a material block e.g. aluminum, nickel or copper.
  • the maximum width of an auxiliary passage is greater than 50% of the distance between two adjacent plates.
  • the inner surface of the auxiliary passage or each auxiliary passage includes only curved surfaces and possibly convexities.
  • the absence of cavities in the passages of the first set ("liquid" passages) never has been proposed in the prior art.
  • At least one, and preferably all, of the first main passages contain several auxiliary passages formed by a series of cylindrical tubes parallel to each other and each having a diameter at least equal to 50% of the separation between two adjacent plates.
  • At least one and preferably all of the first main passages contain several auxiliary passages consisting of tubes, each having an inner surface with at least three identical convexities and curved surfaces connecting the convexities.
  • the adjacent tubes may or may not be contiguous.
  • auxiliary passage there are means for directing liquid into the or each auxiliary passage and / or liquid distribution means constituted by predistribution openings, these openings leaving drop this liquid on a lining located above the means for direct liquid into one or each auxiliary passage.
  • the means for directing the liquid into the passages are inclined points whose ends are above inside the auxiliary passage (or passage).
  • the vaporizer can be a main exchanger which is used to cool the air purified at its distillation temperature, a sub-cooler or the vaporizer-condenser of a double column.
  • the invention also relates to an air distillation installation comprising at least one vaporizer as defined above.
  • FIG 1 illustrates a vaporizer-condenser 2 (see description of Figure 1 in EP-A-0130122).
  • the vaporizer-condenser 2 includes a heat exchanger body formed by a sealed envelope 3 and a series of parallel vertical plates 4 made of aluminum, which define a multitude of main flat passages intended alternately for one of two fluid flows, for example, a gas flow containing 98% nitrogen at around 5 bar and a liquid flow rate containing 98% oxygen at around 1.5 bars.
  • pressures and purities can take other values.
  • first main passages The passages dedicated to the liquid to be vaporized are called first main passages and are marked with the letter L in the figures, while the passages dedicated to the gas to be condensed are called second passages main and are identified by the letter G in the figures.
  • the space above the plates 4 contains a bath 5 of the liquid to be vaporized from a line 6.
  • the liquid from this bath enters each first pass L through a series of perforations in a upper distribution bar 27. It then falls on a wave 26 which is a non-perforated aluminum sheet with horizontal generators (layout so-called hardway with respect to the flow of liquid oxygen) and offset partial vertical (partial vertical offset is not illustrated so as not to overload the figures) and which ensures the fine distribution of the liquid.
  • the liquid falls from the wave 26 onto an upper drip 25 constituted by an aluminum strip folded with a series of triangular points 29 forming an angle of 135 ° with the plane of one of the plates 4 of the passage L considered.
  • each point 29 of the upper drip 15 is located above with a point of a lower drip 24, identical to the first but whose tips are oriented towards the other plate 4 of passage L considered.
  • the liquid to be vaporized then flows on the plates 4 of the first passage L considered in the form of a film streaming downwards.
  • the gas to be condensed enters the second passages G at by means of a pipe 9 welded in the middle of a head 8 (sometimes called “Box” or in English “headline”) semi-cylindrical.
  • the gas then flows downwards in the second passages G to cocurrent of the liquid in the first passages L, the condensation of the gas ensuring the vaporization of the liquid in the first passages L.
  • only the second passages G each contain a spacer wave 21 consisting of a sheet corrugated perforated aluminum with vertical generators (available in "Easy-way").
  • these spacer waves 21 fill also the function of thermal fins.
  • the first passages L have a thickness less than that of second passages G.
  • the thickness of the first passages L is included between 2.5 mm and two thirds of the thickness of the second G passages.
  • the first passages L are each delimited by two plates 4 neighbors and by closing bars 30 situated between them on their side edges.
  • the first passages L are narrower than the second passages G and contain neither exchange waves nor passages Auxiliary.
  • the distance between the adjacent plates 4 of the first passages L varies between 2.5 mm and two-thirds of the separation between the plates 4 of the second passages G.
  • the first passages L have on their whole length a rectangular cross section free of any obstacle and keep on going.
  • This section has a width substantially equal to the width of the plates 4 and therefore the width of the heat exchanger body, that is to say a width of about 1 meter.
  • the structure of the first passages L limits the recirculation of liquid required in the vaporizer 2.
  • first passages L having in cross section current, that is to say over most of their length, a region unobstructed and continuous flow that extends along a guide curve C of length greater than approximately 10 cm.
  • this guide curve C is a straight line parallel to plates 4, located between them, and about 1 m long.
  • the right C is shown in dotted lines in FIG. 5a.
  • the distance separating the two plates 4 associated with a first passage L is greater than that of the variant of Figures 1 to 5a.
  • Each sheet 29, 31 therefore comprises a series of semi-cylindrical sections joined at the ends to form a curved line.
  • Each sheet 29, 31 is carried by a plate 4.
  • the concavities of the sheets 29, 31 are directed towards each other.
  • the sheets 29 and 31 are offset transversely from each other so that the tips of each sheet are located opposite a hollow of the other sheet. So the two sheets 29 and 31 form a single auxiliary passage between them, in which all the fluid flowing in the first passage L considered.
  • the sheets 29 and 31 play the role of thermal fins and delimit therefore between them the flow region of the liquid to be vaporized.
  • each first passage L extends, in its cross section, continuously and freely practically over the entire width of the heat exchanger body.
  • the mentioned guideline C above then extends between the sheets 29 and 31 following their contours.
  • the directing curve is then sinuous and has a length greater than 1 m.
  • the first passages L make it possible to limit the risks closure thanks to a sufficient transverse extent so that the liquid to be sprayed bypasses any deposits.
  • the auxiliary passages of the first passages L are formed by contiguous aluminum tubes 23.
  • the second passages G we find the generating waves 21 classic verticals.
  • the auxiliary passages of the first passages L are non-contiguous tubes having a cross section shape of clover leaves.
  • the auxiliary passage (s) includes only curved surfaces or convexities thus preventing the accumulation of impurities in the passages and making it possible to limit the liquid recirculation required in the vaporizer 2.
  • the invention is not limited to dripping film vaporizers but also applies to so-called bath vaporizers.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Claims (30)

  1. Verdampfer (2) der Art mit einem Wärmetauscherkörper, der Hauptdurchgänge (G, L) aufweist, die in einer Wärme austauschenden Beziehung zueinander platziert sind, mit Mitteln zum Bilden eines Bades (5) der zu verdampfenden Flüssigkeit, damit sie in zumindest einem ersten (L) der Hauptdurchgänge fließt, und Mitteln (8, 9) zur Einführung eines Wärmemittels in zumindest einem zweiten (G) der Hauptdurchgänge, damit es für die Verdampfung der Flüssigkeit sorgt, wobei der Wärmetauscherkörper aus einer Zusammensetzung paralleler Platten (4) von im Wesentlichen ähnlichem Umriss gebildet wird, die abwechselnd die ersten (L) und zweiten Hauptdurchgänge (G) begrenzen, die flach sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der oder jeder erste Hauptdurchgang im quer zu der Fließrichtung der zu verdampfenden Flüssigkeit laufenden Querschnitt zumindest einen freien, durchgängigen Fließbereich besitzt, der sich genügend ausgedehnt, um es der Flüssigkeit zu gestatten, eine Ablagerung von Verunreinigungen zu umströmen, oder zumindest ein erster Hauptdurchgang (L) entweder schmaler als ein zweiter Hauptdurchgang ist und weder eine Wärmeaustauschwelle noch einen Hilfsdurchgang enthält, oder einen oder mehrere geschlossene Hilfsdurchgänge (23, 50) enthält, die sich über den Hauptteil der Abmessung des Wärmetauscherkörpers parallel zu der Fließrichtung der zu verdampfenden Flüssigkeit erstrecken, wobei die Wände des Hilfsdurchgangs (der Hilfsdurchgänge) die Platten (4) berühren, die den Hauptdurchgang begrenzen.
  2. Verdampfer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Fließbereich sich längs einer Leitkurve (C) mit einer Länge größer etwa 10 cm erstreckt.
  3. Verdampfer nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Leitkurve (C) eine Länge größer oder gleich etwa 30 cm aufweist.
  4. Verdampfer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich der Fließbereich im Wesentlichen auf der ganzen Abmessung des Wärmetauscherkörpers quer zu der Fließrichtung der zu verdampfenden Flüssigkeit erstreckt.
  5. Verdampfer nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nicht jeder erste Hauptdurchgang (L) Wellenverstrebungen zwischen den zwei parallelen Platten (4) umfasst, zwischen denen er liegt.
  6. Verdampfer nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder erste Hauptdurchgang (L) durch die zwei parallelen Platten (4) begrenzt wird, zwischen denen er liegt, wobei diese zwei Platten zwischen sich einen im Wesentlichen freien und auf dem Großteil ihrer Breite quer zu der Fließrichtung der zu verdampfenden Flüssigkeit durchgängigen Raum begrenzen.
  7. Verdampfer nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste Hauptdurchgang (L) zumindest eine Welle (29, 31) enthält, die eine thermische Rippe bildet.
  8. Verdampfer nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder erste Durchgang (L) zwei Wellen (29, 31) enthält, die thermische Rippen bilden, die gegenüber voneinander angeordnet sind und zwischen sich einen im Wesentlichen freien und auf dem Großteil ihrer Breite quer zu der Fließrichtung der zu verdampfenden Flüssigkeit durchgängigen Hilfsdurchgang begrenzen.
  9. Verdampfer nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die oder jede Welle (29, 31), die thermische Rippen eines ersten Durchgangs (L) bildet, quer zu der Fließrichtung der zu verdampfenden Flüssigkeit einen im Wesentlichen epizykloidischen Querschnitt aufweist.
  10. Verdampfer nach Anspruch 8 gemeinsam mit Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die epizykloidischen Wellen ein und desselben ersten Durchgangs (L) quer zu der Fließrichtung der zu verdampfenden Flüssigkeit zueinander versetzt sind.
  11. Verdampfer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel zum Bilden eines Bades der zu verdampfenden Flüssigkeit und die Mittel zum Einführen des Wärmemittels so angeordnet sind, dass das Wärmemittel und die zu verdampfende Flüssigkeit in dem Wärmetauscherkörper im Gleichstrom fließen.
  12. Verdampfer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verdampfer ein Verdampferkondensor ist, wobei die Mittel zum Einführen des Wärmemittels Mittel (8, 9) zum Einführen eines zu kondensierenden Gases sind und der Verdampfer außerdem Mittel (10, 11) zum Ableiten des kondensierten Gases umfasst.
  13. Verdampfer nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der oder jeder Hilfsdurchgang (23, 50) verhindert, dass die zu verdampfende Flüssigkeit wieder in Kontakt mit den Platten (4) des zugehörigen ersten Hauptdurchgangs (L) kommt.
  14. Verdampfer nach Anspruch 1 oder 13, bei dem jeder erste Hauptdurchgangs (L) zumindest einen geschlossenen Hilfsdurchgang (23, 50) enthält.
  15. Verdampfer nach Anspruch 1, 13 oder 14, bei dem die maximale Breite eines Hilfsdurchgangs größer als 50% des Abstands zwischen zwei benachbarten Platten (4) ist.
  16. Verdampfer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 13 bis 15, bei dem die Innenfläche des oder jeden Hilfsdurchgangs (23, 50) nur gekrümmte Flächen und eventuell Konvexitäten umfasst.
  17. Verdampfer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 13 bis 16, bei dem zumindest ein und vorzugsweise jeder erste Hauptdurchgang (L) mehrere Hilfsdurchgänge enthält, die aus einer Reihe von zylindrischen, zueinander parallelen Röhren (23) bestehen, die jeweils einen Durchmesser aufweisen, der zumindest gleich 50% des Abstandes zwischen zwei benachbarten Platten (4) ist.
  18. Verdampfer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 13 bis 17, bei dem zumindest ein und vorzugsweise jeder erste Hauptdurchgang (L) mehrere Hilfsdurchgänge enthält, die aus Röhren (50) bestehen, die jeweils eine Innenfläche mit zumindest drei identischen Konvexitäten und die Konvexitäten verbindenden gekrümmte Flächen aufweisen.
  19. Verdampfer nach Anspruch 17 oder 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die benachbarten Röhren (23, 50) aneinander stoßen.
  20. Verdampfer nach Anspruch 17 oder 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die benachbarten Röhren (23, 50) nicht aneinander stoßen.
  21. Verdampfer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 13 bis 20 mit Mitteln (24, 25) zum Lenken der Flüssigkeit des Bades zu dem oder jedem Hilfsdurchgang.
  22. Verdampfer nach Anspruch 21 mit Mitteln zum Verteilen der Flüssigkeit des Bades, die Öffnungen zur Vorverteilung umfassen, wobei diese Öffnungen diese Flüssigkeit auf eine Auskleidung (26) fallen lassen, die über den Mitteln (24, 25), zum Lenken der Flüssigkeit in einen oder jeden der Hilfsdurchgänge, liegt.
  23. Verdampfer nach Anspruch 21 oder 22, bei dem die Mittel (24, 25) zum Lenken der Flüssigkeit in die Hilfsdurchgänge geneigte Spitzen sind, deren Ende sich über dem Inneren des Hilfsdurchgangs (oder eines Hilfsdurchgangs) befindet.
  24. Verdampfer nach Anspruch 1 oder 13, bei dem die Hilfsdurchgänge in einem Materialblock ausgebildet sind, der in dem ersten Hauptdurchgang (L) platziert ist und im Wesentlichen die gleichen Dimensionen wie dieser aufweist.
  25. Verdampfer nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 24, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel zum Bilden eines Bades der zu verdampfenden Flüssigkeit Mittel zum Bilden eines Bades (5) über den Hauptdurchgängen (G, L) sind, wobei der Verdampfer außerdem Mittel zum Einführen der Flüssigkeit des Bades (5) in den oder jeden ersten Hauptdurchgang umfasst, damit sie in Form eines Fallstroms fließt.
  26. Anlage zur Zerlegung von Luft, die zumindest einen Verdampfer (2) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 25 umfasst.
  27. Anlage nach Anspruch 26, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verdampfer (2) ein Hauptwärmetauscher ist, der zum Kühlen der gereinigten Luft auf seine Zerlegungstemperatur dient.
  28. Anlage nach Anspruch 26 oder 27, bei dem der Verdampfer (2) ein Unterkühler ist.
  29. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 26 bis 28 mit einer ersten Säule, die mit Luft versorgt wird und thermisch mit einer zweiten Säule mittels des Verdampfers (2) verbunden ist.
  30. Anlage zur Zerlegung von Luft nach Anspruch 29, bei dem die erste Säule eine Mitteldrucksäule (1) ist, die zweite Säule eine Niederdrucksäule ist und der Verdampfer (2) ein Verdampferkondensor für den Wärmeaustausch des Sauerstoffs vom Unterteil der Niederdrucksäule und des Stickstoffs von der Mitteldrucksäule ist.
EP99403043A 1998-12-07 1999-12-06 Fallstrom-Verdampfer und Luftzerlegungsvorrichtung Expired - Lifetime EP1008826B1 (de)

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FR9815421 1998-12-07
FR9815421A FR2786858B1 (fr) 1998-12-07 1998-12-07 Echangeur de chaleur

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EP1008826A1 EP1008826A1 (de) 2000-06-14
EP1008826B1 true EP1008826B1 (de) 2004-04-21

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FR2786858A1 (fr) 2000-06-09
EP1008826A1 (de) 2000-06-14
US6695043B1 (en) 2004-02-24
DE69916562T2 (de) 2005-05-12
FR2786858B1 (fr) 2001-01-19
DE69916562D1 (de) 2004-05-27

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