EP0507649B1 - Verfahren zur Verdampfung einer Flüssigkeit, Wärmetauscher zur Durchführung des Verfahrens, und Verwendung in einer Luftdestillationseinrichtung mit Doppelkolonne - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Verdampfung einer Flüssigkeit, Wärmetauscher zur Durchführung des Verfahrens, und Verwendung in einer Luftdestillationseinrichtung mit Doppelkolonne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0507649B1
EP0507649B1 EP92400773A EP92400773A EP0507649B1 EP 0507649 B1 EP0507649 B1 EP 0507649B1 EP 92400773 A EP92400773 A EP 92400773A EP 92400773 A EP92400773 A EP 92400773A EP 0507649 B1 EP0507649 B1 EP 0507649B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
passages
liquid
exchanger
end part
column
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP92400773A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0507649A1 (de
Inventor
Christine Muller
Frédéric Rousseau
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Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Publication of EP0507649A1 publication Critical patent/EP0507649A1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0062—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements
    • F28D9/0068—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements with means for changing flow direction of one heat exchange medium, e.g. using deflecting zones
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J5/00—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
    • F25J5/002—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J5/00—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
    • F25J5/002—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger
    • F25J5/005—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger in a reboiler-condenser, e.g. within a column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/02—Bath type boiler-condenser using thermo-siphon effect, e.g. with natural or forced circulation or pool boiling, i.e. core-in-kettle heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/20—Boiler-condenser with multiple exchanger cores in parallel or with multiple re-boiling or condensing streams
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/32—Details on header or distribution passages of heat exchangers, e.g. of reboiler-condenser or plate heat exchangers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S62/00—Refrigeration
    • Y10S62/902—Apparatus
    • Y10S62/903—Heat exchange structure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of vaporizing a liquid in first passages, or vaporization passages, substantially vertical, open at the top and bottom, of a plate heat exchanger, by heat exchange with a fluid.
  • a process of this kind is known from FR-A-2,486,627.
  • cryogenic liquids in particular liquid oxygen in the tanks of low pressure columns of double column air distillation installations.
  • Plate heat exchangers widely used in air distillation installations, include an assembly of many vertical rectangular aluminum plates defining between them a large number of large flat passages. Waves, serving as spacers between the plates and thermal fins, are arranged between the plates. The edges of the passages are closed by spacer bars, and interruptions of these allow the introduction of fluids into the exchanger and their extraction, via semi-cylindrical inlet and outlet boxes fixed opposite these interruptions.
  • bath vaporizers have completely open vaporization passages at the top and bottom. They are commonly used, for example, to vaporize liquid oxygen by condensing medium pressure nitrogen in the tanks of the low pressure columns of the double air distillation columns.
  • Such a bath vaporizer is immersed in the bath of the fluid to be vaporized (oxygen in the case of a double column).
  • the circulation of this fluid is by thermosiphon effect.
  • the total flow rate circulating in the vaporization passages depends, for a given exchanger and heat flow, on the value of the submergence, which is the ratio of the immersion height of the exchanger in the liquid bath to the height of the percent exchanger. This flow decreases when the submergence decreases, and the recirculation (ratio of the liquid flow at the outlet to the vaporized flow) is canceled for too low submergence values, causing drying in the upper part of the vaporizer.
  • the invention aims to allow a reduction in submergence without drying out of the upper part of the spray passages.
  • At least one auxiliary fluid is circulated in the lower end part of the exchanger, in heat exchange relation with the lower end part of the first passages. hotter than the main circulating fluid in order to generate said additional gas.
  • the invention also relates to a heat exchanger of the plate type, comprising first passages, or vaporization passages, substantially vertical, open at the top and bottom and second passages for circulation of a main circulating fluid which comprises gas generation means in the lower end part of the first passages, characterized in that the generating means comprise or consist of at least one circulation compartment of at least one auxiliary fluid hotter than the main circulating fluid extending the lower end part of the second passages, opposite that of the first passages.
  • the invention also relates to an air distillation installation with double column which comprises a main evaporator-condenser constituted by a heat exchanger as defined above, arranged in the tank of the low pressure column of the double column , and means for circulating medium pressure nitrogen in said second passages.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically a heat exchanger 1 of the brazed plate type, constituting the main evaporator-condenser of a double air distillation column and mounted in the tank 2 of the low pressure column 40 surmounting the column medium pressure 50 of this double column.
  • the exchanger 1 of generally parallelepiped shape, consists of a large number of vertical rectangular plates 3 of aluminum delimiting between them two series of passages, which are for example alternated: first passages 4, or oxygen vaporization passages liquid, and second passages 5, or nitrogen condensation passages.
  • Each passage 4 ( Figure 2) is open at the top and bottom and closed on each side, over its entire height, by spacer bars 4A. It contains a wave 6 with vertical generators, in particular perforated, which extends over its entire height and which serves both as a spacer and as a thermal fin.
  • Each passage 5 (FIG. 3) has, over most of its height, lateral spacer bars 5A for closing and a wave 7 with vertical generators similar to waves 6. It has a zone 8 for the entry of nitrogen gas at its end. upper and a liquid nitrogen outlet zone 9 at its lower end. Zone 8 is closed at the top and on one side 10 by spacer bars 8A and is open on the other side, by an entrance window 11. It contains a distribution wave comprising a first wave 12 with descending oblique generators , leading directly to the upper end of the wave 7, over the entire width (that is to say the horizontal dimension) of the passage 5.
  • the outlet zone is closed at the bottom and on one side 14 by spacer bars 9A and open on the other side on a exit window 15. It contains an oblique wave 16 onto which the wave 7 opens directly, over the entire width of the passage 5, and a horizontal wave 17 opening onto the window 15.
  • the plates, waves and spacer bars have smooth surfaces, free from roughness or cavities. All of the plates, waves and spacer bars are secured in a sealed manner by brazing in the oven, then semi-cylindrical boxes 18, 19 for nitrogen inlet and outlet are fixed laterally by welding on the exchanger , opposite windows 11 and 15. These boxes are connected respectively to the top of the medium pressure column (not shown) of the double column by pipes 20, 21.
  • Perforated ramps 22 connected to an oxygen source are arranged under the exchanger 1 in the column tank 2, and preferably just below each of the vaporization passages 4, with perforations distributed throughout the width of it.
  • the wave 6 can, in each passage 4, be stopped at a small distance from the bottom of the exchanger, and the ramp 22 be housed in the space thus released at the lower end of the passage.
  • the exchanger 1 is partially immersed in the liquid oxygen bath 23 formed in the column tank 2.
  • the nitrogen gas under medium pressure of approximately 6 ⁇ 10 5 absolute Pa circulates in the passages 5, via the box 18, the waves 12, 13, 7, 16 and 17, by condensing, and in a liquid spring via the box 19.
  • this nitrogen causes the vaporization of the liquid oxygen contained in the passages 4, and oxygen circulates by thermosyphon effect from bottom to top in these passages, containing an increasing proportion of gases.
  • Two-phase liquid oxygen / gaseous oxygen mixture exits from the top of the passages 4 and falls back into the bath 23, as shown diagrammatically by the arrows in FIG. 1, where the downward circulation of the 'nitrogen.
  • the upward flow of oxygen is permanently two-phase from the lower end of these passages, which improves the 'heat exchange between oxygen and nitrogen.
  • recirculation is increased and as a result, reduced submergence can be adopted without risk of drying out the area.
  • the performance of the vaporizer-condenser is significantly improved, and the temperature of the circulating nitrogen gas and therefore the operating pressure (that is to say the medium pressure) of the air distillation installation.
  • the flow of gaseous oxygen introduced via the ramps 22 is of the order of 2 to 4% of the flow of vaporized oxygen.
  • the additional gaseous oxygen (relative to that generated by heating with medium pressure nitrogen) is generated in situ at the lower end of the passages 4.
  • the ramps 22 are deleted, and the passages 5 of Figure 3 are slightly shortened down, that is to say they are closed down by a bar spacer 24 located at a small distance from the lower end of the exchanger.
  • a compartment 25 closed at the bottom by a spacer strip 26, open on both sides and containing over its entire length a wave 27 with horizontal generatrices.
  • compartment 25 can be replaced by several superimposed compartments, thus allowing the use of several auxiliary fluids.
  • the compartment 25 can be subdivided so as to constitute several superimposed passes, connected in series, to increase the speed of passage of the auxiliary fluid and, thus, improve its heat exchange coefficient.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 can be used to also inject gaseous oxygen into the vaporization passages 4, as in FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • the gaseous oxygen is introduced into the compartments 25 via the box 28, the box 29 is replaced by closing bars, and the plates 3 are perforated along the compartments 25 to allow the passage of gaseous oxygen from these compartments in the vaporization passages 4. In this case, it is best to remove the waves 27.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Verfahren zur Verdampfung einer Flüssigkeit in im wesentlichen vertikalen, oben und unten offenen, ersten Durchlässen (4) oder Verdampfungsdurchlässen eines Plattenwärmetauschers (1) durch Wärmeaustausch mit einer warmen Hauptflüssigkeit, die in zweiten Durchlässen (5) des Austauschers von oben nach unten strömt, in welchem im Durchlaufverfahren im unteren Endbereich der genannten ersten Durchlässe (4) Zusatzgas erzeugt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man im unteren Endbereich des Austauschers (1) mindestens eine Hilfsflüssigkeit, die wärmer ist als die warme Hauptflüssigkeit, im Wärmeaustausch mit dem unteren Endbereich der ersten Durchlässe (4) umlaufen läßt, um das genannte Zusatzgas zu erzeugen.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Gasstrom, der von einer externen Gasquelle zum Austauscher (1) strömt, in die in dem unteren Endbereich enthaltene Flüssigkeit eingeleitet wird.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2 zur Verdampfung eines reinen Stoffes im flüssigen Zustand, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das genannte Zusatzgas aus demselben reinen Stoff im gasförmigen Zustand besteht.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3 zur Verdampfung von flüssigem Sauerstoff in dem Haupt-Verdazpfer-Kondensator einer Destillationsvorrichtung für Luft mit einer Doppelkolonne, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hilfsflüssigkeit reiche Flüssigkeit, die aus dem Sumpf der zur Doppelkolonne gehörenden Mitteldruckkolonne stammt, Luft mittleren Drucks oder aus einer Entspannungsturbine der Vorrichtung stammende Luft niederen Drucks ist.
  5. Wärmetauscher mit Platten, umfassend im wesentlichen vertikale, oben und unten offene, erste Durchlässe (4) oder Verdampfunsdurchlässe, und zweite Durchlässe (5) zur Zirkulation einer warmen Hauptflüssigkeit und umfassend Mittel (22; 25) zur Erzeugung von Gas im unteren Endbereich der ersten Durchlässe (4), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Erzeugermittel aus einer Zirkulationskammer (25) für mindestens eine Hilfsflüssigkeit, die wärmer ist als die warme Hauptflüssigkeit, besteht, welche Zirkulationskammer den unteren Endbereich der zweiten Durchlässe (5) gegenüber dem unteren Endbereich der ersten Durchlässe (4) verlängert.
  6. Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 5, bei dem die Kammer (25) so aufgeteilt ist, daß sie mehrere übereinander liegende Durchläufe aufweist, die in Serie miteinander verbunden sind.
  7. Vorrichtung zur Destillation von Luft mit einer Doppelkolonne, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie einen HauptVerdampfer-Kondensator, der aus einem im Sumpf (2) der zur Doppelkolonne gehörenden Niederdruckkolonne angeordneten Wärmetauscher (1) nach Anspruch 5 besteht, und Mittel (28, 29) umfaßt, um reiche Flüssigkeit, die aus dem Sumpf der zur Doppelkolonne gehörenden Mitteldruckkolonne stammt, Luft mittleren Drucks oder aus einer Entspannungsturbine der Vorrichtung stammende Luft niederen Drucks in der Kammer (25) zirkulieren zu lassen.
EP92400773A 1991-04-03 1992-03-23 Verfahren zur Verdampfung einer Flüssigkeit, Wärmetauscher zur Durchführung des Verfahrens, und Verwendung in einer Luftdestillationseinrichtung mit Doppelkolonne Expired - Lifetime EP0507649B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9104013 1991-04-03
FR9104013A FR2674947B1 (fr) 1991-04-03 1991-04-03 Procede de vaporisation d'un liquide, echangeur de chaleur pour sa mise en óoeuvre, et application a une installation de distillation d'air a double colonne.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0507649A1 EP0507649A1 (de) 1992-10-07
EP0507649B1 true EP0507649B1 (de) 1997-04-23

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EP92400773A Expired - Lifetime EP0507649B1 (de) 1991-04-03 1992-03-23 Verfahren zur Verdampfung einer Flüssigkeit, Wärmetauscher zur Durchführung des Verfahrens, und Verwendung in einer Luftdestillationseinrichtung mit Doppelkolonne

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5205351A (de)
EP (1) EP0507649B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH05187769A (de)
CA (1) CA2064530A1 (de)
DE (1) DE69219193D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2674947B1 (de)

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FI100209B (fi) * 1994-09-27 1997-10-15 Hadwaco Tech Oy Lämmönvaihdin
DE19605500C1 (de) * 1996-02-14 1997-04-17 Linde Ag Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Verdampfen einer Flüssigkeit
US5775129A (en) * 1997-03-13 1998-07-07 The Boc Group, Inc. Heat exchanger
KR100528570B1 (ko) * 1998-01-30 2005-11-15 린데 악티엔게젤샤프트 액체 산소를 증발시키는 방법 및 장치
US6874569B2 (en) 2000-12-29 2005-04-05 Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. Downflow condenser
DE10201832A1 (de) * 2002-01-18 2003-07-31 Linde Ag Plattenwärmetauscher
US7188492B2 (en) * 2002-01-18 2007-03-13 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Plate heat exchanger
US7266976B2 (en) * 2004-10-25 2007-09-11 Conocophillips Company Vertical heat exchanger configuration for LNG facility
CN102654375A (zh) * 2012-04-20 2012-09-05 苏州制氧机有限责任公司 一种主换热器中板翅式热交换器空气抽口装置
FR3069918B1 (fr) 2017-08-04 2020-01-17 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Echangeur de chaleur comprenant un element de distribution a canaux multiples
CN115066157A (zh) * 2022-06-30 2022-09-16 阿里巴巴（中国）有限公司 一种液冷散热系统及数据中心

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US3590909A (en) * 1969-10-29 1971-07-06 Trane Co Oxygen boiler
NL7110313A (de) * 1971-07-27 1973-01-30
CH606961A5 (de) * 1976-04-13 1978-11-30 Schnyder Edy Ag
GB2084308B (en) * 1980-07-14 1983-11-30 Cryoplants Ltd Revapourising liquefied gas
US4715433A (en) * 1986-06-09 1987-12-29 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Reboiler-condenser with doubly-enhanced plates

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Publication number Publication date
JPH05187769A (ja) 1993-07-27
DE69219193D1 (de) 1997-05-28
FR2674947B1 (fr) 1998-06-05
FR2674947A1 (fr) 1992-10-09
US5205351A (en) 1993-04-27
CA2064530A1 (fr) 1992-10-04
EP0507649A1 (de) 1992-10-07

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