EP1006839B1 - Soie pour brosse a dents - Google Patents

Soie pour brosse a dents Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1006839B1
EP1006839B1 EP97910344A EP97910344A EP1006839B1 EP 1006839 B1 EP1006839 B1 EP 1006839B1 EP 97910344 A EP97910344 A EP 97910344A EP 97910344 A EP97910344 A EP 97910344A EP 1006839 B1 EP1006839 B1 EP 1006839B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bristle
sections
bristles
areas
brush
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97910344A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1006839A1 (fr
Inventor
Rainer Hans
Georges Driesen
Armin Schwarz-Hartmann
Norbert Schaefer
Ahmet Cem Firatli
Mingchih M. Tseng
Helge Zimmet
Scott Batson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Braun GmbH
Original Assignee
Braun GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Braun GmbH filed Critical Braun GmbH
Publication of EP1006839A1 publication Critical patent/EP1006839A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1006839B1 publication Critical patent/EP1006839B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A46—BRUSHWARE
    • A46D—MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES
    • A46D1/00—Bristles; Selection of materials for bristles
    • A46D1/02—Bristles details
    • A46D1/023—Bristles with at least a core and at least a partial sheath
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A46—BRUSHWARE
    • A46D—MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES
    • A46D1/00—Bristles; Selection of materials for bristles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2929—Bicomponent, conjugate, composite or collateral fibers or filaments [i.e., coextruded sheath-core or side-by-side type]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2929—Bicomponent, conjugate, composite or collateral fibers or filaments [i.e., coextruded sheath-core or side-by-side type]
    • Y10T428/2931—Fibers or filaments nonconcentric [e.g., side-by-side or eccentric, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y10T428/2964—Artificial fiber or filament
    • Y10T428/2967—Synthetic resin or polymer
    • Y10T428/2969—Polyamide, polyimide or polyester

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a bristle of a toothbrush, the bristle being made of plastic and seen in cross section two areas with different properties having.
  • Such a bristle is, for example, from German published patent application DE 34 00 941 A1 known. There is described a plastic bristle that has a hard core, which is surrounded concentrically by a softer wear layer. Core and wear layer can consist of different plastics and have different colors. When using this bristle, the wear and tear of the bristle is reduced Wear layer and the resulting emergence of the different colored core automatically displayed to a user. However, the two areas of the bristle have none Influence on the cleaning effect of a brush with a large number of such bristles is provided.
  • a toothbrush is known from German published patent application DE 31 31 014 A1 which cleans the buccal labial side and the lingual side of the teeth at the same time and thus an improved cleaning effect can be achieved.
  • the Cleaning bristles of the toothbrush the shape of two, for example, bent bundles of nylon threads, the ends of which face each other.
  • the cleaning bristles are made by wrapping the nylon threads around a mandrel enough times and be hardened. Then the bent cleaning bristles, for example glued to the bristle holder of the toothbrush.
  • DE-AS 1 014 964 describes a bristle made of synthetic bristle material known that seen in cross section two areas with different properties has, the centroids of the areas do not coincide. At least A grinding or polishing agent is added to an area as an additive.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a bristle of the type mentioned, which improved and gentler tooth cleaning.
  • the bristle can be easily attached to a bristle holder.
  • this object is achieved in that the areas to each other are arranged so that the centroids of the areas do not coincide and the two areas have different stretch properties due to moisture absorption and / or have heating.
  • This arrangement of the two areas results in different properties of the two areas, their coefficient of expansion in moisture, heat or the like, can no longer compensate each other. Stretch the two areas differ from each other, causing a curvature of the bristle along the Bristle longitudinal axis is reached. The bristle thus becomes lateral from the longitudinal axis of the bristle deflected.
  • the bristle according to the invention also enables a due to the curvature gentler treatment of the object to be cleaned. Furthermore, the lateral deflection of the bristle from the bristle longitudinal axis achieved that the bristle Better enclose the object to be cleaned and thus clean it much better can.
  • the bristle according to the invention does not have to be manufactured using special manufacturing processes, such as wrapping.
  • the two areas have different elongation properties due to moisture. If the bristle comes into contact with moisture, this has the consequence that the two areas differ in direction expand the bristle longitudinal axis. This in turn causes the curvature already mentioned the bristle along the longitudinal axis of the bristle. In a toothbrush, for example in an electric toothbrush, the bristle is exposed to humidity. The two Areas of the bristle expand differently and the curvature arises or lateral deflection of the bristle from the longitudinal axis of the bristle. This already has mentioned advantages with regard to the cleaning effect of the bristle and the gentle Treatment of the object to be cleaned by the bristle. As alternative or in combination, the two areas have different shrinkage properties due to warming up.
  • the bristle in this case is in the course of manufacture warmed and cooled again. This has a different extent and shrinkage of the two areas along the longitudinal axis of the bristles and thus one Bristle curvature.
  • the deflection of the bristle from the longitudinal axis of the bristle can be adjusted during production by appropriate heating and cooling become. In this case, however, the deflection mentioned is not reversible.
  • the bristle forms a cross section of the two areas a circular segment surface, the connecting line of the two areas for example a substantially straight, an arcuate or a curved one Line is.
  • the lateral deflection is not only due to the different Characteristics of the two areas influenced, but also by the distribution of the two areas across the cross section of the bristle.
  • the ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the two areas has a value between have about 0.25 and about 1.0 or 1.0 and 1.4, depending on whether the smaller or larger Area is used as a reference.
  • the plastic is in one of the two areas with a filler and / or a nucleating agent, for example with kaolin, talc or the like.
  • a filler and / or a nucleating agent for example with kaolin, talc or the like.
  • a nucleating agent for example with kaolin, talc or the like.
  • dyes is also possible. In this way it is achieved that the two areas are different Have properties, and thus the bristle deflection from the bristle longitudinal axis having.
  • the two areas are off different plastics. This in turn means that the two areas have different properties, and thus the bristle when using one Deflection from the bristle longitudinal axis.
  • plastics and fillers and / or nucleating agents can be provided alternatively or cumulatively.
  • the bristle consists of polyamide and / or polyester. These plastics have particular turned out to be particularly advantageous for toothbrushes. Either only one can of the two plastics are used, which then in one of the two areas with a Filler and / or a nucleating agent is provided, or it can be different Types of a plastic group can be used in the two areas of the bristle.
  • the bristle according to the invention has a curvature or a lateral deflection Bristle longitudinal axis. This brings about the advantages already explained with regard to the improved cleaning effect of the bristle and gentler treatment of the to be cleaned Object through the bristle. Furthermore, the bristle according to the invention allows the use of known, simple manufacturing processes without complex Manufacturing steps for generating the curvature are required.
  • the deflection of the bristle has one Value between about 10% and about 90% of the length of the bristle, in particular one Value of about 50% of the length of the bristle. This has changed in practice with regard to the cleaning effect the bristle proved to be particularly useful.
  • the two areas have different Colors on. It is possible to visualize the effect of the bristle curvature make visible. Especially when using a variety of bristles for example in a toothbrush, a user recognizes the lateral deflection of the individual Bristles due to the different colors and this is particularly due the advantages with regard to the cleaning effect of the bristles pointed out.
  • the free ends of the bristles form a brush surface.
  • the bristles are individual Bristle tufts combined, each forming a tuft surface.
  • the tuft areas all tufts of bristles then form the brush surface.
  • the individual bristles are also supported by the lateral deflection and due to the random orientation of the deflection of each other from, so that the bristles can escape less to the outside. Overall, this will an improved cleaning effect and a gentler treatment with the cleaning object reached.
  • the properties of the two areas of each of the bristles depending on the placement of the bristle within the brush surface are different.
  • the bristles near the outer edge of the Brush surface have a smaller curvature than the bristles in the inner field of the brush surface. This is particularly advantageous for a toothbrush Arrangement of the individual bristles. Due to the greater deflection of the bristles in the inner field the toothbrush encloses the tooth to be cleaned particularly well and thus cleaned particularly well. It is also possible that essentially only that Bristles in the inner field of the toothbrush have a curvature.
  • the direction is Deflection of the bristles distributed randomly. This means that the deflections of the bristles have no preferred direction in a tuft of bristles. As a result, the Bristle tips have different orientations and the individual bristles bend in different directions. This represents a further improvement in particular a toothbrush with a view to being as uniform and extensive as possible Enclosing the tooth to be cleaned by the bristles. Furthermore, by the random orientation of the bristles in different directions always achieves that one of the bristles is just arranged so that it is particularly good in the one to be cleaned Interdental space can penetrate without the toothbrush especially against this the tooth surfaces would have to be pressed or turned. This represents one at the same time gentler handling of the toothbrush according to the invention with the gums one User.
  • a bristle 1 is shown in cross section in FIGS a toothbrush, for example an electric toothbrush can.
  • the bristle 1 is made of plastic and has an approximately circular shape Cross sectional area.
  • the bristle 1 has two areas 2, 3, which are extend continuously along the bristle longitudinal axis.
  • the two areas 2, 3 are not arranged concentrically or point-symmetrically to each other.
  • the two areas 2, 3 of the bristle 1 are of different sizes.
  • the area 2 forms a circular segment area and the area 3 represents the remaining area to the circular cross-sectional area of the bristle 1.
  • the connecting line between area 2 and area 3 is a circular arc.
  • the The ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the two areas 2, 3 has a value between about 0.25 and about 1.0 or 1.0 and 4.0.
  • the two areas 2, 3 of the bristle 1 are the same size.
  • the relationship of the cross-sectional areas of the two areas 2, 3 is therefore 1.
  • Each of the two areas 2, 3 form a semicircular surface.
  • the line connecting the two Areas 2, 3 are essentially rectilinear.
  • area 2 represents a circular area within area 3.
  • the radius of the circular area of area 2 is smaller than the radius of the circular area of area 3.
  • the circular area of area 2 is not concentric to Arranged circular area of area 3.
  • the ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the two areas 2, 3 has a value between approximately 0.25 and approximately 1.0 or 1.0 and 4.0.
  • the two areas 2, 3 of the bristle 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 have different properties.
  • the bristle 1 not only from two areas 2, 3 but from three or more areas. In this case the areas differ from each other in such a way that the Cross section of the bristle 1 give overall asymmetrical properties.
  • the different properties the areas 2, 3 are based on the area 2 being made of a different plastic exists as area 3, or that it is in areas 2, 3 different types of the same plastic group. It is also possible that the plastic one of the areas 2, 3 with one or more fillers and / or is provided with one or more nucleating agents. Furthermore dyes can also be used in this context. all of this are options that, alternatively or cumulatively, can lead to the two areas 2, 3 of the bristle 1 of Figures 1 to 3 different properties exhibit.
  • Polyamide or polyester can be used as plastics.
  • fillers and / or nucleating agents can be calcium carbonate, talc or a silicate, such as kaolin or the like can be used.
  • the bristle 1 different stretching properties infoge the recording of moisture, in particular of water in the two areas 2, 3.
  • area 2 will absorb moisture different in the longitudinal direction of the bristles, for example expanding more than the area 3 of the bristle 1.
  • This process is usually reversible, i.e. if the Bristle is dried, the expansion mentioned goes again essentially back to the initial state.
  • the bristle 1 Due to the different properties of the two areas 2, 3 of the bristle 1, for example, by the different elongation properties due to the Absorption of moisture and / or due to the different shrinkage properties due to heating, and due to the non-concentric arrangement of the two areas 2, 3 to each other, the bristle 1 along its bristle longitudinal axis curved. This means that the bristle 1 from its bristle longitudinal axis is laterally deflected or tilted.
  • the deflection of the bristle 1 can have a value between approximately 10% and approximately 90 % of the length of the bristle 1. A value of approximately is particularly preferred 50% of the length of the bristle 1. Bristle 1 corresponds to FIG Equipped equally large areas 2, 3, the deflection mentioned at a length of the bristle 1 of about 8 mm due to differences in the elongation or shrinkage of the two areas 2, 3 between about 0.15% and about 1.5% reached.
  • the two areas 2, 3 of the bristle 1 of FIG. 1 and of FIG. 2 can be different colors. This can be the case when choosing different plastics for the two areas 2, 3 and / or when choosing the filler for one of the two areas 2, 3 are taken into account.
  • FIG. 4 shows a cutout from a brush 4 with a tuft of bristles 5 shown.
  • the bristle tuft 5 has a plurality of bristles 1, the Bristles 1 of Figures 1 to 3 can correspond.
  • the brush 4 can act as a toothbrush, for example an electric toothbrush.
  • the Free ends of the bristles 1 of the bristle tuft 5 form a tuft surface 6.
  • the plurality of bristles 1 of the bristle tuft 5 are with the help of an anchor or the like fastened in a bristle carrier 7.
  • the individual bristles 1 of the bristle tuft 5 have different orientations attached in the bristle carrier 7. This means that the bristles 1 in point in different directions.
  • the deflection of the bristles 1 in the tufts of bristles 5 is random, so that the direction of the individual bristles 1 in the bristle tuft 5 is purely coincidental. In other words, this means that no preferred direction for the deflection of the bristles 1 in the bristle tuft 5 exists. This can also be seen in FIG. 3.
  • the brush 4 in FIG. 4 has a plurality of bristle tufts 5. All in all the bristle tufts 5 can thus be arranged within the brush 4 be that the tuft surfaces 6 of the bristle tufts 5 to an approximately circular Assemble the brush surface. In this case, the curvature of the Bristles 1 of the bristle tufts 5 near the outer edge of the brush surface be smaller than the curvature of the bristles 1 of the bristle tufts 5 in the inner field the brush 4. It is also possible that essentially only the bristles 1 of the Bristle tufts 5 of the inner field of the brush 4 have a curvature.
  • An extrusion tool 8 can be used for this purpose, for example be, as shown in Figure 5.
  • This extrusion tool 8 has a plurality of equally large nozzle bores 9 on a circular ring are arranged at approximately equal distances from one another.
  • Each of the nozzle holes 9 divides into two channels within the extrusion die 8. On the connection of the two channels creates a connecting line 10 at which the two areas 2, 3 of the bristle 1 are brought together.
  • the connecting line 10 shown in FIG. 5 is approximately straight. So far through the extrusion tool 8 shown in Figure 5, the bristle 1 of the figure 2 generated. All connecting lines 10 form approximately according to Figure 5 a circle and are therefore rotated by an angle to each other, each have a different position from one another.

Landscapes

  • Brushes (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Soie (1) d'une brosse à dents, la soie (1) étant en matière plastique et présentant, vue en section transversale, deux zones (2, 3) à propriétés différentes, caractérisée en ce que les zones (2, 3) sont agencées l'une par rapport à l'autre de telle manière que les barycentres de surface des zones (2, 3) ne coïncident pas et que les deux zones (2, 3) présentent des propriétés de dilatation différentes à la suite de l'absorption d'humidité et/ou d'un réchauffement.
  2. Soie (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que dans la section transversale de la soie (1) l'une des deux zones (2) forme une superficie en segment de cercle, la ligne de liaison des deux zones (2, 3) étant par exemple une ligne sensiblement rectiligne, une ligne en forme d'arc de cercle, ou une ligne courbe.
  3. Soie (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que dans la section transversale de la soie (1), chacune des deux zones (2, 3) forme une superficie en demi-cercle.
  4. Soie (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que le rapport des superficies de la section des deux zones (2, 3) présente une valeur entre environ 0,25 et environ 1,0.
  5. Soie (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que dans une des deux zones (2, 3), la matière plastique est pourvue d'un matériau de remplissage et/ou d'une substance de nucléation, par exemple du kaolin, du carbonate de calcium, ou similaire.
  6. Soie (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que les deux zones (2, 3) sont formées par des matières plastiques différentes.
  7. Soie (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la soie (1) est en polyamide et/ou en polyester.
  8. Soie (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la soie (1) présente une courbure ou un déport latéral par rapport à l'axe longitudinal de la soie.
  9. Soie (1) selon la revendication 8, caractérisée en ce que le déport de la soie (1) présente une valeur entre environ 10 % et environ 90 % de la longueur de la soie (1), en particulier une valeur d'environ 50 % de la longueur de la soie (1).
  10. Soie (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que les deux zones (2, 3) présentent des couleurs différentes.
  11. Brosse à dents, qui contient une multitude de soies (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, dans laquelle les extrémités libres des soies (1) forment une surface de brosse, caractérisée en ce que les propriétés de dilatation différentes des deux zones (2, 3) de chacune des soies (1) dépendent du positionnement individuel de la soie (1) à l'intérieur de la surface de la brosse.
  12. Brosse (4) selon la revendication 11, caractérisée en ce que les soies (1) présentent à proximité du bord extérieur de la surface de la brosse une courbure plus faible que les soies (1) situées dans le champ intérieur de la surface de la brosse.
  13. Brosse (4) selon l'une ou l'autre des revendications 11 et 12, caractérisée en ce que la direction du déport des soies (1) a une répartition aléatoire.
EP97910344A 1996-10-02 1997-09-24 Soie pour brosse a dents Expired - Lifetime EP1006839B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19640726A DE19640726A1 (de) 1996-10-02 1996-10-02 Borste für eine Zahnbürste
DE19640726 1996-10-02
PCT/EP1997/005239 WO1998014092A1 (fr) 1996-10-02 1997-09-24 Soie pour brosse a dents

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1006839A1 EP1006839A1 (fr) 2000-06-14
EP1006839B1 true EP1006839B1 (fr) 2002-03-20

Family

ID=7807724

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97910344A Expired - Lifetime EP1006839B1 (fr) 1996-10-02 1997-09-24 Soie pour brosse a dents

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (2) US6327736B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1006839B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2001503650A (fr)
CN (1) CN1178611C (fr)
AT (1) ATE214564T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU708948B2 (fr)
DE (2) DE19640726A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK1006839T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2174228T3 (fr)
HK (1) HK1021122A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1998014092A1 (fr)

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EP2918191B1 (fr) 2014-03-11 2024-01-24 The Procter & Gamble Company Tête pour un instrument de soin buccal
US10098447B2 (en) 2014-07-15 2018-10-16 The Procter & Gamble Company Oral-care implement having color-communicative element
CN107835649B (zh) 2015-07-07 2021-03-23 高露洁-棕榄公司 口腔护理器具和用于口腔护理器具的单丝刷毛
EP3251550B1 (fr) 2016-06-03 2020-01-01 The Procter and Gamble Company Tête pour un instrument de soins buccaux et instrument pour soins buccaux
EP3251548B1 (fr) 2016-06-03 2024-02-14 The Procter & Gamble Company Filament pour un instrument de soins buccaux et ledit instrument
US10278485B2 (en) 2016-09-01 2019-05-07 Colgate-Palmolive Company Oral care implement and filament therefor
US10426249B2 (en) 2016-09-01 2019-10-01 Colgate-Palmolive Company Oral care implement
US10251470B1 (en) 2017-10-10 2019-04-09 The Procter & Gamble Company Head for an oral care implement and oral care implement
US11219302B2 (en) 2017-10-10 2022-01-11 The Procter & Gamble Company Head for an oral care implement and oral care implement
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US5372885A (en) * 1984-08-15 1994-12-13 The Dow Chemical Company Method for making bicomponent fibers
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DK245488D0 (da) * 1988-05-05 1988-05-05 Danaklon As Syntetisk fiber samt fremgangsmaade til fremstilling deraf
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US5780155A (en) * 1994-08-11 1998-07-14 Chisso Corporation Melt-adhesive composite fibers, process for producing the same, and fused fabric or surface material obtained therefrom
CA2219237C (fr) * 1995-05-25 2006-02-28 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Filaments non etires, resistants, pouvant etre traites par voie fondue de facon durable, macrodenier, thermoplastiques, multi-composants.
AU708978B2 (en) 1995-06-06 1999-08-19 Gillette Canada Inc. Dental floss
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US5987688A (en) * 1995-11-09 1999-11-23 Gillette Canada Inc. Gum-massaging oral brush
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2001503650A (ja) 2001-03-21
DK1006839T3 (da) 2002-07-22
CN1178611C (zh) 2004-12-08
US6327736B1 (en) 2001-12-11
US6497458B2 (en) 2002-12-24
US20020004965A1 (en) 2002-01-17
EP1006839A1 (fr) 2000-06-14
CN1232374A (zh) 1999-10-20
WO1998014092A1 (fr) 1998-04-09
ATE214564T1 (de) 2002-04-15
HK1021122A1 (en) 2000-06-02
AU4777897A (en) 1998-04-24
AU708948B2 (en) 1999-08-19
DE59706713D1 (de) 2002-04-25
ES2174228T3 (es) 2002-11-01
DE19640726A1 (de) 1998-04-23

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