EP0998650B1 - Dispositif de production d'eau chaude - Google Patents
Dispositif de production d'eau chaude Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0998650B1 EP0998650B1 EP98939725A EP98939725A EP0998650B1 EP 0998650 B1 EP0998650 B1 EP 0998650B1 EP 98939725 A EP98939725 A EP 98939725A EP 98939725 A EP98939725 A EP 98939725A EP 0998650 B1 EP0998650 B1 EP 0998650B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- water
- container
- fire
- burner
- chamber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
- F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
- F24H1/107—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using fluid fuel
Definitions
- the invention relates to a new device for producing water. hot, of the type comprising a burner, in particular a gas burner, maintaining a lively combustion in a combustion chamber.
- Direct contact devices as described for example in GB patents 2 129 916 and EP 0 387 983. allow to reach remarkable transfer yields but they have several shortcomings. The most serious which considerably limits its development, lies in the very high level of carbon monoxide observed in the gases burns produced by this type of device. This rate generally of the order of 500 to 700 ppm remains in the best case greater than 150 to 200 ppm, which exceeds the rates authorized by most standards (habitat: rate less than 100 ppm in France).
- the present invention proposes to provide a new device for production of hot water which allows the yields of transfer of direct contact devices without presenting any faults.
- Dry combustion is obtained in the device of the invention by making and arranging the burner gas diffuser as defined in claim 1, so as to strictly prohibit any entry of water and any penetration of water vapor into the firebox.
- Water and water vapor is discharged in the vicinity of the exhaust openings of the diffuser by an appropriate overpressure of the diffuser and the container-home.
- the position of the diffuser and its openings creates in the vicinity of said openings an "air-lift" type network which eliminates the internal secondary circulation tending to form at the outlet of gas (so-called wake phenomenon), these secondary circulations producing a suction effect of the humid atmosphere from the enclosure to the combustion.
- Complete combustion is obtained in the device of the invention by collecting the burnt gases at the end of the hearth container which is located opposite of the burner. These gases thus remained in the hearth container for a sufficient time for combustion to be complete.
- the serving upstream of the diffuser which connects the hearth container to the diffusion portion extends this residence time and in some cases allows (gas burner propane in particular) to complete the combustion before the gas outlet burned in the compound.
- Another object of the invention is to eliminate the defects of the direct contact devices from high corrosive atmosphere temperature to which the walls of the combustion in this type of device.
- the internal volume of the container-hearths is in overpressure relative to the enclosure of the device of the fact that the lively combustion develops in a space confined (enclosed space connected to the diffuser but not widely open as is the case in known direct contact devices): thus, the water vapor in the enclosure does not tend to enter the or hearth containers.
- the hearth container (s) are immersed in the water compartment provided at the bottom of the enclosure, so that their temperature remains low (of the order of 100 to 120 ° C): the walls of the hearth container (s) are not subject to severe corrosion stresses due, on the one hand, to their temperature moderate, on the other hand, their environment (liquid water on the external face and dry atmosphere on the inside).
- the hearth container has a shape general cylindrical with a substantially horizontal axis, the upstream portion of the diffuser is ascending and the diffusion portion extends into the enclosure parallel to the axis of the firebox.
- the diffusion portion of the diffuser comprises as an exhaust opening at least one longitudinal slot in its lower half.
- the device may include a single hearth container associated with a single burner and single diffuser. II can also include a single firebox associated with several burners and a single diffuser or several diffusers. The device can also include several hearth containers each associated with one or more burners and one or more several diffusers.
- each burner is a burner with air blast gas, of the nose-type type in which air and gas are brought separately to the burner nose so that the flame expands in the combustion chamber; said burner is subject to the outside of the enclosure with its nose opening at the entrance to the firebox to develop combustion along the horizontal axis thereof.
- Such burner increases the overpressure inside the firebox and guarantees combustion in a dry atmosphere away from any trace of water vapor.
- the burner, the hearth container and the diffuser constitute a one-piece assembly, removably mounted in an orifice of the enclosure wall.
- the means of regulating the water level which are associated with water compartment are of any known type. They can in particular include solenoid valves mounted, on the one hand, on the means cold water supply, on the other hand, on the withdrawal means hot water, and a water pressure sensor arranged at the base of the water compartment for controlling said solenoid valves in view to adjust the feed and withdrawal rates in order to achieve a appropriate adjustment of the water level in said water compartment.
- At least one layer of nodules heat transfer is advantageously interposed between the means of water spray and the burner gas diffuser (s).
- This or these layers of nodules carry out additional heat transfer by downstream of the primary transfers already mentioned (exchange by direct contact drops of water / burnt gas; exchange by water conduction / container-hearth and possibly diffuser).
- the burnt gases are thus discharged to a very low temperature (burnt gas / hot water difference, similar to that of known direct contact devices) which further increases the transfer efficiency.
- the hot water production device in accordance with the invention can be brought, in certain applications, to recover the external smoke heat available to reduce the consumption of combustible gas at the burner.
- the device according to the invention comprises at least one arrival of external smoke opening into the enclosure, above the water level H.
- the device can include at least two layers of heat transfer nodules, the arrival of external smoke opening into the enclosure between said layers.
- the hot water production device shown by way of example in Figure 1 comprises an enclosure 1 consisting of a tank thermally insulated, formed by a cylindrical wall 2 of vertical axis closed in the lower part by a bottom wall 3 and in the upper part by a wall 4 which converges upwards and is surmounted by an outlet duct from fumes 5.
- a water supply duct cold 8 enters it; a solenoid valve 9 is mounted on this conduit to adjust the feed rate.
- the supply duct 8 is bent to open along the axis vertical of the tank by water spray means 10 comprising a sprinkler nozzle suitable for pouring rainwater throughout the section of the tank.
- This water falls on a layer of nodules 11 of known type, formed for example by a plurality of stainless steel rings having a large contact surface.
- This layer has the function ensure additional cooling of the gases from the combustion and consequent warming of water flowing through it.
- the bottom of the tank forms a water compartment 12 whose level H is regulated by means detailed below.
- the one-piece assembly 7 essentially comprises a burner 13 arranged to produce combustion in a hearth container 14, which is connected, opposite the burner, to a diffuser 15 which receives the gases burnt produced by combustion.
- This monobloc assembly 7 is provided with a front plate 7a of shape combined with that of the flange ferrule 6 to allow fixing the assembly removably on the tank 1.
- the burner 13 is a gas-blown air burner of the mixed-type. nose; it is secured to the outside of the tank 1 with its nose 13a opening to the entrance to the hearth container 14.
- the air and combustible gas supplied separately towards said firebox, carry out a lively combustion in said focal container which has a generally cylindrical axis shape substantially horizontal; the flame develops along the axis of said container-hearth along its length.
- the burnt gas diffuser 15 At the end 14a of the hearth container opposite the burner, is connected the burnt gas diffuser 15 by an ascending portion 15a that this one features. This portion is extended, beyond a 90 ° elbow, by a diffuser portion 15b which extends above the hearth container 14.
- connection portion 15a is a very short section; if necessary, it can be extended so that that it forms a heat exchange wall immersed in the water compartment.
- the diffusion portion 15b is cylindrical (detail figure 2) and extends substantially horizontally in tank 1. It includes at least one exhaust gas exhaust slot such as 16 which leads to the lower half of the section of said porition 15b.
- two longitudinal slots extending along the portion are practiced at 45 ° down from the plane vertical section median.
- other types of opening may if necessary be provided on the lower half of the said section in order to avoid any penetration of water into the diffuser. Lips of protection can optionally be attached along the openings to further increase the water tightness of the diffuser.
- a main duct of sampling 17, with a pump 18 and a solenoid valve 19, ensures the normal hot water withdrawal during operation.
- the hot water withdrawal, main and secondary, is regulated in connection with cold water distribution by means of regulation, conventional in themselves, suitable for fixing the water level H of the compartment 12 at an intermediate level between the hearth container 14 and the diffuser 15, so that said focal container 14 is always entirely submerged in the water in compartment 12 and that the diffusion portion 15b always remains out of water.
- a pressure sensor 22 mounted at the base of the water compartment to deliver a signal representative of the water pressure and therefore of the water height of the compartment 12, a programmable controller 23 receiving this signal and programmed to control the solenoid valves 9, 19 and 21.
- the controller adjusts the feed rate through the solenoid valve 19 so that these flows condition a water level H meeting the conditions defined above; in steady state, these flows are equal, regulation being effected by flow adjustments appropriate.
- the solenoid valve 21 makes it possible to operate a additional sampling to avoid a rise in the water level.
- the device is in the example equipped with a setting system in safety 24 which ensures a stop of the operation (stop of the supply in cold water, burner shutdown) in case of lack of water, if the level of the compartment 12 lowers below a predetermined threshold.
- the system 24 conventionally comprises a capacitive sensor 25 mounted on a bypass tube 26, sensor which controls the shutdown of the burner 13 and the closing of the solenoid valve 9 in the absence of water at its level.
- FIG. 6 illustrates another embodiment which differs from the first in that it comprises two layers of nodules 27 and 28 which are located on the path of the burnt gases above the diffuser.
- an external smoke inlet 29 opens into this volume between the layers of nodules 27 and 28 with a view to perform heat recovery on available fumes from from another installation.
- one or more arrivals from external fumes can open above the water level H, on a or more levels.
- the location of these connections will be chosen in function of the smoke temperature level and the gradient temperature in the installation.
- FIGS 7 and 8 illustrate another embodiment in which two burners 30 and 31 of the same type are provided as burner 13.
- each burner is associated with a hearth container 32, 33 and a diffuser 34, 35 arranged above of the corresponding firebox.
- the burner assembly 30, 31 / firebox 32, 33 / diffusers 34, 35 is in one piece and is fixed as previously by a front wall 36 on the cylindrical wall of the tank.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Air Supply (AREA)
- Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
Description
- en premier lieu. dans le dispositif selon l'invention la combustion obtenue est une combustion sèche, réalisée en atmosphère sèche dans le conteneur-foyer,
- en outre, cette combustion est une combustion complète.
- chaque conteneur-foyer est prolongé, à son extrémité opposée au brûleur, par un diffuseur de gaz brûlés comprenant une portion amont connectée à ladite extrémité opposée au brûleur et une portion de diffusion s'étendant dans l'enceinte au-dessus du conteneur-foyer selon un axe sensiblement horizontal,
- la portion de diffusion du diffuseur comprend des ouvertures d'échappement des gaz brûlés, ménagées sur la moitié inférieure de la section de ladite portion de façon à permettre l'établissement d'une surpression à l'intérieur du diffuseur et du conteneur-foyer et interdire la pénétration d'eau et de vapeur d'eau en vue de réaliser une combustion complète sèche à l'intérieur dudit conteneur-foyer,
- des moyens de régulation du niveau d'eau étant associés au compartiment d'eau pour assurer dans ledit compartiment un niveau d'eau H tel que le ou les conteneurs-foyers soient immergés dans l'eau dudit compartiment et que la portion de diffusion du diffuseur de gaz brûlés demeure constamment au-dessus dudit niveau d'eau.
- un rendement de transfert remarquable du même ordre que celui des dispositifs à contact direct précités,
- un taux réduit de CO dans les gaz brûlés du même ordre que celui des dispositifs traditionnels à circuit d'échange (20 à 40 ppm).
- la figure 1 est une coupe par un plan vertical d'un premier mode de réalisation,
- la figure 2 est une coupe de détail d'un des organes par un plan AA,
- la figure 3 est un schéma illustrant les moyens de régulation de niveau d'eau,
- la figure 4 est une vue schématique montrant un sous-ensemble du dispositif à l'état démonté, et la figure 5 est une vue frontale selon la flèche V de ce sous-ensemble,
- la figure 6 est une coupe verticale d'un deuxième mode de réalisation,
- les figures 7 et 8 sont des vues schématiques d'un troisième mode de réalisation, respectivement en coupe verticale BB et en coupe horizontale par un plan CC.
- un rendement calorifique très élevé provenant du caractère complet de la combustion et des transferts de chaleur remarquables par conduction et contact direct (paroi du conteneur-foyer/eau, gaz brûlés/gouttes d'eau, gaz brûlés/ruissellement d'eau),
- un taux réduit de CO dans les gaz brûlés en raison du caractère complet de la combustion en atmosphère sèche,
- des températures peu élevées des parois et en particulier des parois du conteneur-foyer qui sont les plus exposées.
Claims (9)
- Dispositif de production d'eau chaude permettant de réaliser des échanges de chaleur par contact direct, avec une émission de gaz brûlés à taux de CO réduit, ce dispositif comprenant une enceinte (1) dotée en partie supérieure de moyens (5) d'évacuation des gaz brûlés, une chambre de combustion formée par au moins un conteneur étanche dit conteneur-foyer (14), s'étendant le long d'un axe sensiblement horizontal et disposé dans un compartiment d'eau (12) situé en partie basse de l'enceinte, un brûleur (13) associé à chaque conteneur-foyer et agencé à une extrémité de celui-ci pour produire une combustion vive se développant selon l'axe horizontal dudit conteneur-foyer sur la longueur de celui-ci, des moyens (10) de pulvérisation d'eau, associés à des moyens (8) d'alimentation en eau froide et agencés pour déverser de l'eau sous forme de pluie en partie haute de l'enceinte, des moyens de prélèvement d'eau chaude (17-19) agencés en partie basse de l'enceinte, dispositif dans lequelchaque conteneur-foyer est prolongé, à son extrémité (14a) opposée au brûleur, par un diffuseur de gaz brûlés (15) comprenant une portion amont (15a) connectée à ladite extrémité opposée au brûleur et une portion de diffusion (15b) s'étendant dans l'enceinte (1) au-dessus du conteneur-foyer (14) selon un axe sensiblement horizontal,la portion de diffusion (15b) du diffuseur comprend des ouvertures d'échappement des gaz brûlés (16), ménagées sur la moitié inférieure de la section de ladite portion (15b) de façon à permettre l'établissement d'une surpression à l'intérieur du diffuseur et du conteneur-foyer et interdire la pénétration d'eau et de vapeur d'eau en vue de réaliser une combustion complète sèche à l'intérieur dudit conteneur-foyer,des moyens (9, 19, 21, 22 et 23) de régulation du niveau d'eau étant associés au compartiment d'eau (12) pour assurer dans ledit compartiment un niveau d'eau H tel que le ou les conteneurs-foyers soient immergés dans l'eau dudit compartiment et que la portion de diffusion (15b) du diffuseur de gaz brûlés demeure constamment au-dessus dudit niveau d'eau.
- Dispositif de production d'eau chaude selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le conteneur-foyer (14) présente une forme générale cylindrique d'axe sensiblement horizontal, la portion amont (15a) du diffuseur est ascendante et la portion de diffusion (15b) s'étend dans l'enceinte (1) parallèlement à l'axe du conteneur-foyer (14).
- Dispositif de production d'eau chaude selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la portion de diffusion (15b) du diffuseur comprend comme ouverture d'échappement au moins une fente longitudinale (16) dans sa moitié inférieure.
- Dispositif de production d'eau chaude selon l'une des revendications 1, 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que chaque brûleur (13) est un brûleur à gaz à air soufflé, du type à mélange au nez dans lequel l'air et le gaz sont amenés séparément vers le nez du brûleur de façon que la flamme se développe dans la chambre de combustion, ledit brûleur étant assujetti à l'extérieur de l'enceinte (1) avec son nez s'ouvrant à l'entrée du conteneur-foyer (14) pour développer une combustion selon l'axe horizontal de celui-ci.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 4, dans lequel le brûleur (13), le conteneur-foyer (14) et le diffuseur (15) constituent un ensemble monobloc, monté de façon amovible dans un orifice de la paroi de l'enceinte (1).
- Dispositif de production d'eau chaude selon l'une des revendications 1, 2, 3, 4 ou 5, dans lequel les moyens de régulation comprennent des électrovannes (9, 19, 21) montées, d'une part, sur les moyens (8) d'alimentation en eau froide, d'autre part, sur les moyens (17, 20) de prélèvement d'eau chaude, et un capteur de pression d'eau (22) agencé à la base du compartiment d'eau (12) pour commander lesdites électrovannes en vue d'ajuster les débits d'alimentation et de prélèvement.
- Dispositif de production d'eau chaude selon l'une des revendications 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ou 6, dans lequel au moins une couche (11) de nodules de transfert de chaleur est intercalée entre les moyens de pulvérisation d'eau (10) et le diffuseur de gaz brûlés (15).
- Dispositif de production d'eau chaude selon la revendication 7, comprenant au moins deux couches (27, 28) de nodules de transfert de chaleur et une arrivée de fumées externes (29) débouchant dans l'enceinte (1) entre lesdites couches.
- Dispositif de production d'eau chaude selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins une arrivée de fumées externes débouchant dans l'enceinte (1) au-dessus du niveau d'eau H.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9709550A FR2766558B1 (fr) | 1997-07-24 | 1997-07-24 | Dispositif de production d'eau chaude |
FR9709550 | 1997-07-24 | ||
PCT/FR1998/001594 WO1999005461A1 (fr) | 1997-07-24 | 1998-07-21 | Dispositif de production d'eau chaude |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0998650A1 EP0998650A1 (fr) | 2000-05-10 |
EP0998650B1 true EP0998650B1 (fr) | 2002-01-09 |
Family
ID=9509690
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98939725A Expired - Lifetime EP0998650B1 (fr) | 1997-07-24 | 1998-07-21 | Dispositif de production d'eau chaude |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6223698B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0998650B1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU8813898A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2297282C (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69803462T2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2171302T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2766558B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1999005461A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6572367B1 (en) * | 2002-05-21 | 2003-06-03 | Itt Manufacturing Enterprises, Inc. | Horizontally oriented combustion apparatus |
US20050072378A1 (en) * | 2002-10-17 | 2005-04-07 | Weber Frank William | High efficiency combination direct/indirect water heater |
US6945197B2 (en) * | 2003-12-29 | 2005-09-20 | Grand Hall Enterprise Co., Ltd. | Water heater |
US7299769B2 (en) * | 2005-11-22 | 2007-11-27 | Pvi Industries, Llc | Condensing gas fired water heater |
US9772118B1 (en) * | 2012-01-18 | 2017-09-26 | Sioux Corporation | Hybrid direct and indirect fluid heating system |
US9581255B2 (en) | 2012-07-23 | 2017-02-28 | Henning, Inc. | Multiple proportion delivery systems and methods |
CN105805940A (zh) * | 2016-04-28 | 2016-07-27 | 句容市恒盛电子水表厂 | 一种多通道式锅炉 |
CN105805937A (zh) * | 2016-04-28 | 2016-07-27 | 句容市恒盛电子水表厂 | 一种滑槽式锅炉 |
CN105805930B (zh) * | 2016-04-28 | 2018-11-23 | 句容市恒盛电子水表厂 | 一种分散式锅炉 |
CN105805939B (zh) * | 2016-04-29 | 2018-11-20 | 句容市恒盛电子水表厂 | 一种撞击式锅炉 |
CN106568191A (zh) * | 2016-10-18 | 2017-04-19 | 温涛 | 敞开型换热器与填料塔结合式常压直热锅炉 |
CN109827442B (zh) * | 2019-02-28 | 2023-08-29 | 中卫市茂烨冶金有限责任公司 | 用于硅铁浇注的多工位烟气及余热收集装置 |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US884223A (en) | 1907-05-31 | 1908-04-07 | Albert E Shipley | Instantaneous water-heater. |
US4275708A (en) | 1978-08-31 | 1981-06-30 | Wood Harry E | Combined hot water heating and stripping column furnace and method |
WO1983000210A1 (fr) | 1981-06-26 | 1983-01-20 | Wood, Harry, E. | Four combine a colonne d'extraction et de chauffage d'eau chaude |
GB2129916B (en) * | 1982-11-10 | 1986-02-05 | British Gas Corp | Gas-fire water heaters |
DE3478241D1 (en) * | 1983-10-14 | 1989-06-22 | British Gas Corp | Gas-fired water heater |
GB8428166D0 (en) * | 1984-11-07 | 1984-12-12 | British Gas Corp | Gas-fired water heaters |
US4574775A (en) | 1985-03-21 | 1986-03-11 | Ludell Manufacturing Company | Direct contact water heater |
US4895136A (en) | 1988-09-02 | 1990-01-23 | Kemco Systems, Inc. | High-temperature heaters, methods and apparatus |
GB8905969D0 (en) * | 1989-03-15 | 1989-04-26 | British Gas Plc | Water heater |
CA2088018C (fr) | 1993-01-25 | 1998-05-05 | Luc Mandeville | Chauffe-eau par contact direct, pourvu d'une source de chaleur hybride |
US5799620A (en) * | 1996-06-17 | 1998-09-01 | Cleer, Jr.; Clarence W. | Direct contact fluid heating device |
-
1997
- 1997-07-24 FR FR9709550A patent/FR2766558B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-07-21 CA CA002297282A patent/CA2297282C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-07-21 DE DE69803462T patent/DE69803462T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-07-21 ES ES98939725T patent/ES2171302T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-07-21 AU AU88138/98A patent/AU8813898A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-07-21 WO PCT/FR1998/001594 patent/WO1999005461A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1998-07-21 US US09/463,289 patent/US6223698B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-07-21 EP EP98939725A patent/EP0998650B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0998650A1 (fr) | 2000-05-10 |
WO1999005461A1 (fr) | 1999-02-04 |
DE69803462D1 (de) | 2002-02-28 |
ES2171302T3 (es) | 2002-09-01 |
CA2297282C (fr) | 2006-06-20 |
FR2766558B1 (fr) | 1999-09-24 |
US6223698B1 (en) | 2001-05-01 |
AU8813898A (en) | 1999-02-16 |
CA2297282A1 (fr) | 1999-02-04 |
FR2766558A1 (fr) | 1999-01-29 |
DE69803462T2 (de) | 2002-11-07 |
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