US20050072378A1 - High efficiency combination direct/indirect water heater - Google Patents
High efficiency combination direct/indirect water heater Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20050072378A1 US20050072378A1 US10/686,238 US68623803A US2005072378A1 US 20050072378 A1 US20050072378 A1 US 20050072378A1 US 68623803 A US68623803 A US 68623803A US 2005072378 A1 US2005072378 A1 US 2005072378A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- water
- gas
- manifold
- recited
- tower
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 80
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 25
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002308 calcification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/0206—Heat exchangers immersed in a large body of liquid
- F28D1/0213—Heat exchangers immersed in a large body of liquid for heating or cooling a liquid in a tank
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
- F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
- F24H1/107—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using fluid fuel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28C—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION
- F28C3/00—Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus
- F28C3/06—Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus the heat-exchange media being a liquid and a gas or vapour
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of water heaters and, more particularly, the present invention relates to high efficiency devices which heat water using thermal conduction and also via direct contact of the water with combustion gases.
- Indirect heating of water by combustion gases occurs when water contacts a heat transfer surface.
- the heat transfer surface can be defined by one or a plurality of conduits through which hot combustion gas (or some other hot fluid) circulates. Boilers heat water this way.
- the device should enhance the surface area of heat transfer surfaces so as to maximize the time of heat transfer in indirect heating scenarios.
- the device also should minimize the potential of the development of “hot spots” during operation so as to enhance safety and prolong equipment life.
- a feature of an embodiment of the present invention is an extended gas-carrying manifold submerged in the water to be heated.
- the gas-carrying manifold is encased in a sleeve of water to define a pre-configured annular space.
- Another feature of the present invention are radially protruding fins from the manifold.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a high efficiency combination direct/indirect water heater that allows unimpeded escape of the heated gases from a heat exchange manifold.
- a feature of the present invention is that the manifold terminates with a cap structure which prevents water blockage of the heated gas at the egress point.
- An advantage of the present invention is that the means of egress facilitates unhindered venting of gas and prevents back pressure from occurring at the gas egress point.
- Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a high efficiency combination direct/indirect water heater having a water reservoir configuration which prevents combustion gas build-up.
- a feature of the present invention is the positioning of a combustion gas point of egress adjacent to a water surface point in a vertical riser.
- An advantage of the present invention is the elimination of any gas head spaces and therefore of the build-up of high gas pressure and the accumulation of high temperature gas between the water level and a solid surface of the heater.
- the invention provides a water heater comprising: a tower with a cold water inlet conduit causing water to fall through the tower and into a hot water collection tank in communication with the tower; a hot gas manifold adapted to receive hot gases and positioned in the tank so as to be at least partially submerged below the water surface; and a means of gas egress attached to the hot gas manifold and positioned above the water surface, the gas egress means configured to prevent the water falling through the tower from blocking gas egress from the manifold.
- the water collection tank surrounding said gas manifold forms an annular space adapted to receive water, the annular space configured to maximize thermal exchange between the manifold and the water residing in the annular space.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a combination direct/indirect water heater, in accordance with features of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a combination direct/indirect water heater, without the tower, in accordance with features of the present invention
- FIG. 3 a is a view of FIG. 1 , taken along line 3 - 3 , and shows a cross-sectional view of a heat-transfer manifold included in the water tank of a combination direct/indirect water heater, in accordance with features of the present invention
- FIG. 3 b is a plan view of FIG. 1 , taken along line 3 - 3 , of an embodiment of a heat-transfer manifold included in the water tank of a combination direct/indirect water heater, in accordance with features of the present invention
- FIG. 3 c is plan a view of FIG. 1 , taken along line 3 - 3 , of another heat-transfer manifold configuration, in accordance with features of the present invention
- FIG. 4 a is a perspective view of a cap over a gas-inlet pipe included in a combination direct/indirect water heater, in accordance with features of the present invention
- FIG. 4 b is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of a means of egress of combustion gases from a manifold, in accordance with features of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 c is a detailed perspective view of a cap over a gas-inlet pipe included in a combination direct/indirect water heater, in accordance with features of the present invention
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a specific embodiment of a combination direct/indirect water heater, in accordance with features of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 a is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 5 , taken along the line 6 - 6 , of a heat-transfer manifold incased in the water tank of a high efficiency combination direct/indirect water heater, in accordance with features of the present invention
- FIG. 6 b is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 5 , taken along line 6 - 6 , of an alternative embodiment of a heat-transfer manifold included in the water tank of a high efficiency combination direct/indirect water heater, in accordance with features of the present invention
- FIG. 6 c is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 5 , taken along line 6 - 6 , and shows a cross-sectional view of another alternative embodiment of a heat-transfer manifold included in the water tank of a high efficiency combination direct/indirect water heater, in accordance with features of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a more complete schematic diagram of the invented heater, in accordance with features of the present invention.
- the present invention provides a high efficiency combination direct/indirect heater that facilitates both direct and indirect heat transfer to a liquid.
- the liquid being heated is water.
- a salient feature of the invention is the immersion of a heat transfer surface, such as a combustion gas manifold, in already heated water, thereby enhancing efficiencies.
- the combination direct/indirect water heater generally designated as numeral 10 is comprised of five main components: a vertical riser 20 (often called “tower”), a cold water supply inlet 30 , a hot water reservoir 40 , a fuel burner 50 , a hot gas inlet conduit or manifold 60 that is nearly fully submerged in the reservoir 40 , and a means for water egress 58 .
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the invented combination direct/indirect water heater, without the tower.
- a water supply and distribution means 30 distributes water 31 so as to contact the water with hot combustion gases 71 emanating from the gas conduit 60 .
- heat is transferred from the gas to the water in a direct heating mode.
- heat transferring materials 22 are positioned intermediate the water distribution means 30 and the gas egress means 63 of the conduit 60 .
- These transfer materials 22 which typically comprise high surface area, relatively inert materials, are heated continuously by the upwardly traveling gas, thereby imparting heat to the falling water.
- the transfer materials 22 are supported by a perforated packing shelf 24 , (such as a rack) extending transversely to the tower.
- the tower 20 , the cold water inlet manifold 30 , and the gas burner 50 are similar to devices disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,089,223, assigned to the instant assignee, and incorporated herein by reference.
- a unique feature of the invented device is that combustion gases produced by the gas burner 50 are released into the partially submerged gas conduit or manifold 60 .
- the manifold is submerged in the collection tank 40 so as to be in direct physical contact with the water previously subjected to direct heating.
- a vertical, upwardly extending conduit section 68 Intermediate the gas exit point 63 and the gas means of ingress 61 of the gas manifold 60 is positioned a vertical, upwardly extending conduit section 68 .
- the upwardly extending conduit section 68 terminates with the means of gas egress 63 .
- the means of gas egress is positioned so as to reside in the middle to lower half of the tower 20 .
- the submerged combustion gas manifold can effect a circuitous path for the combustion gas to travel, as shown in FIG. 3 a.
- the manifold depicted in FIG. 3 a comprises a single conduit 64 between ingress point 61 and egress point 62 with a plurality of substantially rectilinear sections 65 serially connected by U-shaped pipe junctions 66 .
- the manifold 60 comprises a plurality of substantially parallel conduits 64 between points 61 and 62 .
- the parallel conduits are intersected at each end by main combustion conduits 53 . This design minimizes travel time of combustion gas through the conduit so as to eliminate back pressure to the combustion chamber.
- fins substantially radially protruding from the conduits may be added so as to enhance heat transfer from the hot gas to the water in the tank 40 .
- the planar surfaces of these are positioned anywhere between 0° and 90° to the direction of gas flow at the point where the fins are attached to the conduit.
- fins 67 are attached so that their plane surfaces are perpendicular to the direction of gas flow. This is particularly advantageous for maximizing heat transfer to the water.
- fins 59 directed along the direction of gas flow.
- a variety of materials are suitable for fabrication of the gas manifold 60 , as long as the material is impermeable to the liquid being heated, and tolerant to the gas temperatures emanating from the combustion chamber.
- the combustion gas manifold terminates in a cap 70 positioned distal to the rim 69 of the vertical conduit 68 , thereby defining the means of gas egress 63 .
- Specific embodiments of the means of gas egress are depicted in FIGS. 4 a, 4 b, and 4 c. In practice, other embodiments may be employed by combining features of two or three of the depicted embodiments.
- the cap 70 is so positioned as to allow streams 71 of the hot gas to circumvent it and to contact the downward falling water 31 . As shown in FIG.
- a plurality of circumferentially spaced apertures 80 about the rim 69 can be provided so as to allow venting of the gas from the means of egress and inferior to the position of the cap 70 .
- Several methods can be used to support the cap.
- the cap In FIG. 4 a the cap is mounted at some distance above the point of gas egress 63 by means of a plurality of supporting rods 73 attached to a ring 51 encircling the rim 69 of the gas conduit 68 .
- the cap 70 is attached to the riser by means of a perforated plate 21 , but brackets or other means of support can be employed.
- FIG. 4 c depicts an alternative embodiment wherein the cap is attached to the gas conduit 68 by means of four plates 89 and wherein circumferentially spaced apertures 80 on a vertical portion 74 of the cap 70 are provided so as to allow venting of the gas.
- the cap 70 is so contoured as to prevent formation of such laminar water flow.
- the cap 70 comprises a vertical cylindrical portion 74 , to which is attached a radially protruding conical brim or a series of conical flaps 75 . Formation of laminar water flow around such an irregularly shaped cap is substantially prevented by the conical brim 75 or flaps.
- the conical flaps also provide protection from water entry into the gas egress apertures 80 .
- FIG. 4 b depicts a cap with an hemispherical top 93 the inside surface 91 of which allows a smoother redirection of the combustion gas 71 .
- flaps 85 mounted above the apertures 80 prevent water from entering into the gas conduit.
- FIG. 4 b Also shown in FIG. 4 b is a cooling ring 56 positioned in the annular space 32 defined by the inwardly facing surface 82 of the riser and the outwardly facing surface of the conduit 68 .
- this cooling ring 56 is a plate separated from the conduit 68 and the riser 40 by narrow gaps arranged along its inner and outer peripheries.
- the cooling ring is skip welded to the inward pointing surface 82 of the riser 40 at locations 57 .
- the cooling ring 56 allows water to collect at this point, but one or more overflow ports 54 ensure that the water does not reach the gas egress point 63 .
- the cooling ring facilitates impact of the falling water with the outwardly facing surface of the conduit 60 and the inwardly facing surface 82 of the riser.
- the falling water After cascading downwardly past the cap 70 , the falling water enters the collection and storage tank 40 where it forms a volume of hot water 41 having a water surface 42 .
- the cap 70 covering the gas inlet conduit 68 inevitably directs downward some of the hot gas to the water surface 42 , a provision is made to prevent the hot gas from becoming trapped in the head space 43 defined by an inside top surface 45 of the storage tank which opposes the water surface 42 .
- a baffle 77 is provided to deflect downwardly-flowing gas away from the water surface 42 and head space 43 .
- the baffle comprises a substrate radially extending from the upwardly extending conduit section 68 .
- the baffle is positioned coaxial with the conduit 68 with the plane of the baffle parallel to and above the top of the collection tank 40 .
- the periphery of the baffle 77 opposes an interior surface 79 of the upwardly extending tower 20 so as to define an annular passageway 78 through which water cascades.
- the width of the passageway is dimensioned so as not to impede downward water passage while also preventing substantial gas volumes from passing downwardly through the passageway.
- the diameter of the baffle 77 is greater than the diameter of the cap 70 .
- the cooling ring 56 serves the same function as the baffle 77 in FIG. 4 a.
- FIG. 5 A feature of a specific embodiment of the invented device is depicted in FIG. 5 .
- the hot gases produced by the gas burner 50 are released into a gas conduit or manifold 160 which is substantially submerged in a reservoir 140 .
- a longitudinally extending exterior surface of the heated-gas manifold 160 is juxtaposed in spacial relation to interior surfaces 164 of the reservoir 140 . More specifically, an inwardly-facing surface 164 of the reservoir serves as a sleeve encasing the manifold and spaced from the manifold so as to maximize the ratio of manifold surface area to water volume as shown in FIG. 5 .
- annular space 163 is defined by an inside surface 164 of the reservoir opposing a longitudinally extending exterior surface 165 of the manifold 160 .
- the distance ⁇ between the opposing surfaces is generally maintained to ensure maximum heat exchange from the manifold. In one embodiment, in order to minimize turbulence in the water flow, the distance ⁇ is kept constant, no matter what circuitous route the conduit takes.
- the diameter of the manifold is typically 30 to 60% of the diameter of the enveloping sleeve and preferably 40 to 56% the diameter of the enveloping sleeve.
- FIGS. 6 a - 6 c are cross-sectional views of FIG. 5 , taken along the line 6 - 6 .
- the manifold depicted in cross-section in FIG. 6 a comprises a single cylindrical conduit 160 nested inside a sleeve 140 .
- the surface of the conduit defines a smooth uninterrupted surface to facilitate rapid laminar flow of water along the surface.
- the manifold depicted in cross-section in FIG. 6 b comprises a single conduit 160 with, optionally, a plurality of substantially radial protruding sections or fins welded or otherwise suitably thermally connected to the manifold 160 .
- These fins may be aligned along the direction of gas flow (fins 166 ) or orthogonal thereto (fins 167 ) or at any angle there-between.
- the fins enhance heat transfer from the hot gas to the water in the tank 140 .
- the radially protruding sections are utilized in situations where calcification build-up is not an issue.
- FIG. 6 c depicts a detail of an alternative embodiment wherein the hot gas manifold 160 has a corrugated cross-section. This corrugated manifold can also be used in conjunction with the embodiment depicted in FIGS. 1-3 c.
- FIG. 7 provides a more complete schematic diagram of the invented device. Specifically, FIG. 7 shows a high temperature shut down sensor 120 and high water sensors 130 located below the gas egress point 63 .
- the “high water” sensors allow shut off of the device when water threatens to flood the gas conduit 60 .
- the “low water” sensors 150 allow shut off of the device when it threatens to overheat.
- a heater overflow pipe 140 Also depicted are components of the device discussed supra: the fuel burner 50 , the firing chamber 60 , the water storage tank 40 , the cooling ring 56 , the protective cap 70 , the heat transfer rings 22 , and the inlet nozzles 31 .
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
Abstract
A combination direct/indirect liquid heating heater comprises a tower, a cold water inlet conduit causing water to fall in said tower, a hot water reservoir in communication with said tower, a gas burner, a hot gas inlet manifold encased in the reservoir and, by means of a vertical section, directing the gas into the tower. The hot gas manifold vertical section is capped by a cap impeding water flow into the manifold. Also, the vertical section comprises a baffle impeding gas flow from the tower into the reservoir.
Description
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates to the field of water heaters and, more particularly, the present invention relates to high efficiency devices which heat water using thermal conduction and also via direct contact of the water with combustion gases.
- 2. Description of the Prior Art
- Direct heating of water by combustion gases is known. U.S. Pat. No. 6,089,223 awarded to Jasper et al. on Jul. 18, 2000, and assigned to the instant assignee teaches a heater whereby falling water contacts hot combustion gases.
- While direct water heaters are more efficient than indirect-heating configurations, the costs of the former are formidable. For example, the fabrication of housings for the combustion chamber of such units is time consuming, and therefore costly. Also, water switches and additional spray nozzles are necessary to assure adequate cooling of the housings and also of the combustion gases, respectively.
- Indirect heating of water by combustion gases occurs when water contacts a heat transfer surface. The heat transfer surface can be defined by one or a plurality of conduits through which hot combustion gas (or some other hot fluid) circulates. Boilers heat water this way.
- The heating efficiency of indirect heating systems is low inasmuch as such systems loose heat through the egress of hot combustion gases.
- The heating efficiencies of direct systems also can be low in situations where either the combustion gas temperature or the incoming water temperature is too high to facilitate condensation of all the water vapor in the heating zone. Instead, water vapor exits the system, resulting in heat loss. Finally, water-storage tank configurations in typical direct heating systems result in a build-up of vapor pressure above the water level in the tank (i.e., the “head space”) resulting in operating instabilities and further heat losses.
- A need exists in the art for an industrial-grade water heater which combines direct with indirect heating functions to maximize heat transfer. The device should enhance the surface area of heat transfer surfaces so as to maximize the time of heat transfer in indirect heating scenarios. The device also should minimize the potential of the development of “hot spots” during operation so as to enhance safety and prolong equipment life.
- It is an object of the present invention to provide a high efficiency combination direct/indirect water heater that overcomes many of the disadvantages of the prior art.
- It is a further object of the present invention to provide a high efficiency combination direct/indirect water heater that enhances indirect heat transfer. A feature of an embodiment of the present invention is an extended gas-carrying manifold submerged in the water to be heated. In a specific embodiment of the present invention the gas-carrying manifold is encased in a sleeve of water to define a pre-configured annular space. Another feature of the present invention are radially protruding fins from the manifold. An advantage of the present invention is that it ensures that the water to be heated is in constant and close thermal contact with the heated gases during the initial water input mode and in the storage mode, thereby enhancing heat transfer efficiency.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a high efficiency combination direct/indirect water heater that allows unimpeded escape of the heated gases from a heat exchange manifold. A feature of the present invention is that the manifold terminates with a cap structure which prevents water blockage of the heated gas at the egress point. An advantage of the present invention is that the means of egress facilitates unhindered venting of gas and prevents back pressure from occurring at the gas egress point.
- Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a high efficiency combination direct/indirect water heater having a water reservoir configuration which prevents combustion gas build-up. A feature of the present invention is the positioning of a combustion gas point of egress adjacent to a water surface point in a vertical riser. An advantage of the present invention is the elimination of any gas head spaces and therefore of the build-up of high gas pressure and the accumulation of high temperature gas between the water level and a solid surface of the heater.
- Briefly, the invention provides a water heater comprising: a tower with a cold water inlet conduit causing water to fall through the tower and into a hot water collection tank in communication with the tower; a hot gas manifold adapted to receive hot gases and positioned in the tank so as to be at least partially submerged below the water surface; and a means of gas egress attached to the hot gas manifold and positioned above the water surface, the gas egress means configured to prevent the water falling through the tower from blocking gas egress from the manifold. In an alternative embodiment, the water collection tank surrounding said gas manifold forms an annular space adapted to receive water, the annular space configured to maximize thermal exchange between the manifold and the water residing in the annular space.
- The foregoing invention and its advantages may be readily appreciated from the following detailed description of the invention, when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in which:
-
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a combination direct/indirect water heater, in accordance with features of the present invention; -
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a combination direct/indirect water heater, without the tower, in accordance with features of the present invention; -
FIG. 3 a is a view ofFIG. 1 , taken along line 3-3, and shows a cross-sectional view of a heat-transfer manifold included in the water tank of a combination direct/indirect water heater, in accordance with features of the present invention; -
FIG. 3 b is a plan view ofFIG. 1 , taken along line 3-3, of an embodiment of a heat-transfer manifold included in the water tank of a combination direct/indirect water heater, in accordance with features of the present invention; -
FIG. 3 c is plan a view ofFIG. 1 , taken along line 3-3, of another heat-transfer manifold configuration, in accordance with features of the present invention; -
FIG. 4 a is a perspective view of a cap over a gas-inlet pipe included in a combination direct/indirect water heater, in accordance with features of the present invention; -
FIG. 4 b is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of a means of egress of combustion gases from a manifold, in accordance with features of the present invention; -
FIG. 4 c is a detailed perspective view of a cap over a gas-inlet pipe included in a combination direct/indirect water heater, in accordance with features of the present invention; -
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a specific embodiment of a combination direct/indirect water heater, in accordance with features of the present invention; -
FIG. 6 a is a cross-sectional view ofFIG. 5 , taken along the line 6-6, of a heat-transfer manifold incased in the water tank of a high efficiency combination direct/indirect water heater, in accordance with features of the present invention; -
FIG. 6 b is a cross-sectional view ofFIG. 5 , taken along line 6-6, of an alternative embodiment of a heat-transfer manifold included in the water tank of a high efficiency combination direct/indirect water heater, in accordance with features of the present invention; -
FIG. 6 c is a cross-sectional view ofFIG. 5 , taken along line 6-6, and shows a cross-sectional view of another alternative embodiment of a heat-transfer manifold included in the water tank of a high efficiency combination direct/indirect water heater, in accordance with features of the present invention; and -
FIG. 7 is a more complete schematic diagram of the invented heater, in accordance with features of the present invention. - The present invention provides a high efficiency combination direct/indirect heater that facilitates both direct and indirect heat transfer to a liquid. For the sake of simplicity, it will be assumed throughout this specification that the liquid being heated is water. A salient feature of the invention is the immersion of a heat transfer surface, such as a combustion gas manifold, in already heated water, thereby enhancing efficiencies.
- As shown in
FIG. 1 , the combination direct/indirect water heater, generally designated asnumeral 10 is comprised of five main components: a vertical riser 20 (often called “tower”), a coldwater supply inlet 30, ahot water reservoir 40, afuel burner 50, a hot gas inlet conduit ormanifold 60 that is nearly fully submerged in thereservoir 40, and a means forwater egress 58.FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the invented combination direct/indirect water heater, without the tower. - A water supply and distribution means 30
distributes water 31 so as to contact the water withhot combustion gases 71 emanating from thegas conduit 60. At this juncture, which is approximately midway along the vertically extending space defined by the tower, heat is transferred from the gas to the water in a direct heating mode. To impart additional heat transfer to the incoming water,heat transferring materials 22 are positioned intermediate the water distribution means 30 and the gas egress means 63 of theconduit 60. Thesetransfer materials 22, which typically comprise high surface area, relatively inert materials, are heated continuously by the upwardly traveling gas, thereby imparting heat to the falling water. Thetransfer materials 22 are supported by aperforated packing shelf 24, (such as a rack) extending transversely to the tower. - The
tower 20, the cold water inletmanifold 30, and thegas burner 50 are similar to devices disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,089,223, assigned to the instant assignee, and incorporated herein by reference. - A unique feature of the invented device is that combustion gases produced by the
gas burner 50 are released into the partially submerged gas conduit ormanifold 60. As depicted inFIG. 1 , the manifold is submerged in thecollection tank 40 so as to be in direct physical contact with the water previously subjected to direct heating. - Intermediate the
gas exit point 63 and the gas means ofingress 61 of thegas manifold 60 is positioned a vertical, upwardly extendingconduit section 68. The upwardly extendingconduit section 68 terminates with the means ofgas egress 63. The means of gas egress is positioned so as to reside in the middle to lower half of thetower 20. - Manifold Configuration Detail
- To maximize heat transfer, the submerged combustion gas manifold can effect a circuitous path for the combustion gas to travel, as shown in
FIG. 3 a. The manifold depicted inFIG. 3 a comprises asingle conduit 64 betweeningress point 61 andegress point 62 with a plurality of substantiallyrectilinear sections 65 serially connected byU-shaped pipe junctions 66. - Alternatively, and as shown in
FIG. 3 b, the manifold 60 comprises a plurality of substantiallyparallel conduits 64 betweenpoints main combustion conduits 53. This design minimizes travel time of combustion gas through the conduit so as to eliminate back pressure to the combustion chamber. - In yet another configuration of the manifold, a spiral design is utilized for the manifold, as depicted in
FIG. 3 c. - Optionally, fins substantially radially protruding from the conduits may be added so as to enhance heat transfer from the hot gas to the water in the
tank 40. The planar surfaces of these are positioned anywhere between 0° and 90° to the direction of gas flow at the point where the fins are attached to the conduit. For example, as depicted inFIGS. 3 a-3 c,fins 67 are attached so that their plane surfaces are perpendicular to the direction of gas flow. This is particularly advantageous for maximizing heat transfer to the water. Also depicted inFIG. 3 a arefins 59 directed along the direction of gas flow. - A variety of materials are suitable for fabrication of the
gas manifold 60, as long as the material is impermeable to the liquid being heated, and tolerant to the gas temperatures emanating from the combustion chamber. - Preventing Water from Entering The Gas Manifold.
- To prevent water from entering the means of gas egress, the combustion gas manifold terminates in a
cap 70 positioned distal to therim 69 of thevertical conduit 68, thereby defining the means ofgas egress 63. Specific embodiments of the means of gas egress are depicted inFIGS. 4 a, 4 b, and 4 c. In practice, other embodiments may be employed by combining features of two or three of the depicted embodiments. Thecap 70 is so positioned as to allowstreams 71 of the hot gas to circumvent it and to contact the downward fallingwater 31. As shown inFIG. 4 a, a plurality of circumferentially spacedapertures 80 about therim 69 can be provided so as to allow venting of the gas from the means of egress and inferior to the position of thecap 70. Several methods can be used to support the cap. InFIG. 4 a the cap is mounted at some distance above the point ofgas egress 63 by means of a plurality of supportingrods 73 attached to aring 51 encircling therim 69 of thegas conduit 68. InFIG. 4 b thecap 70 is attached to the riser by means of aperforated plate 21, but brackets or other means of support can be employed.FIG. 4 c depicts an alternative embodiment wherein the cap is attached to thegas conduit 68 by means of fourplates 89 and wherein circumferentially spacedapertures 80 on avertical portion 74 of thecap 70 are provided so as to allow venting of the gas. - To prevent a laminar flow of water from fanning out from the top 81 of the
cap 70, (which would lead to the impedance of gas from the means of egress), thecap 70 is so contoured as to prevent formation of such laminar water flow. As shown inFIGS. 2, 4 a, and 4 c, thecap 70 comprises a verticalcylindrical portion 74, to which is attached a radially protruding conical brim or a series of conical flaps 75. Formation of laminar water flow around such an irregularly shaped cap is substantially prevented by theconical brim 75 or flaps. As shown inFIGS. 2 and 4 a, the conical flaps also provide protection from water entry into thegas egress apertures 80. A variety of other cap embodiments comprising irregular surfaces achieve the same anti-laminar-flow objective.FIG. 4 b depicts a cap with an hemispherical top 93 theinside surface 91 of which allows a smoother redirection of thecombustion gas 71. Optionally, as shown inFIG. 4 c, flaps 85 mounted above theapertures 80 prevent water from entering into the gas conduit. - Also shown in
FIG. 4 b is acooling ring 56 positioned in theannular space 32 defined by the inwardly facingsurface 82 of the riser and the outwardly facing surface of theconduit 68. As depicted inFIG. 4 b thiscooling ring 56 is a plate separated from theconduit 68 and theriser 40 by narrow gaps arranged along its inner and outer peripheries. The cooling ring is skip welded to theinward pointing surface 82 of theriser 40 atlocations 57. Thecooling ring 56 allows water to collect at this point, but one or more overflow ports 54 ensure that the water does not reach thegas egress point 63. The cooling ring facilitates impact of the falling water with the outwardly facing surface of theconduit 60 and the inwardly facingsurface 82 of the riser. - Preventing Gas from Entering The Water Reservoir.
- After cascading downwardly past the
cap 70, the falling water enters the collection andstorage tank 40 where it forms a volume of hot water 41 having awater surface 42. In as much as thecap 70 covering thegas inlet conduit 68 inevitably directs downward some of the hot gas to thewater surface 42, a provision is made to prevent the hot gas from becoming trapped in thehead space 43 defined by an insidetop surface 45 of the storage tank which opposes thewater surface 42. - To prevent gas from being trapped in the
head space 43, abaffle 77 is provided to deflect downwardly-flowing gas away from thewater surface 42 andhead space 43. As depicted inFIG. 4 a, the baffle comprises a substrate radially extending from the upwardly extendingconduit section 68. Typically, the baffle is positioned coaxial with theconduit 68 with the plane of the baffle parallel to and above the top of thecollection tank 40. The periphery of thebaffle 77 opposes an interior surface 79 of the upwardly extendingtower 20 so as to define an annular passageway 78 through which water cascades. The width of the passageway is dimensioned so as not to impede downward water passage while also preventing substantial gas volumes from passing downwardly through the passageway. Generally, the diameter of thebaffle 77 is greater than the diameter of thecap 70. - In the embodiment depicted in
FIG. 4 b, the coolingring 56 serves the same function as thebaffle 77 inFIG. 4 a. - A Sleeve-Shaped Reservoir
- A feature of a specific embodiment of the invented device is depicted in
FIG. 5 . In this embodiment the hot gases produced by thegas burner 50 are released into a gas conduit ormanifold 160 which is substantially submerged in areservoir 140. - To maximize heat transfer, a longitudinally extending exterior surface of the heated-
gas manifold 160 is juxtaposed in spacial relation tointerior surfaces 164 of thereservoir 140. More specifically, an inwardly-facingsurface 164 of the reservoir serves as a sleeve encasing the manifold and spaced from the manifold so as to maximize the ratio of manifold surface area to water volume as shown inFIG. 5 . - In cases where the cross section of the manifold and the cross section of the sleeve are both circular, an
annular space 163 is defined by aninside surface 164 of the reservoir opposing a longitudinally extendingexterior surface 165 of themanifold 160. The distance Δ between the opposing surfaces is generally maintained to ensure maximum heat exchange from the manifold. In one embodiment, in order to minimize turbulence in the water flow, the distance Δ is kept constant, no matter what circuitous route the conduit takes. - To further maximize heat transfer, the diameter of the manifold is typically 30 to 60% of the diameter of the enveloping sleeve and preferably 40 to 56% the diameter of the enveloping sleeve.
-
FIGS. 6 a-6 c are cross-sectional views ofFIG. 5 , taken along the line 6-6. The manifold depicted in cross-section inFIG. 6 a comprises a singlecylindrical conduit 160 nested inside asleeve 140. The surface of the conduit defines a smooth uninterrupted surface to facilitate rapid laminar flow of water along the surface. - The manifold depicted in cross-section in
FIG. 6 b comprises asingle conduit 160 with, optionally, a plurality of substantially radial protruding sections or fins welded or otherwise suitably thermally connected to themanifold 160. These fins may be aligned along the direction of gas flow (fins 166) or orthogonal thereto (fins 167) or at any angle there-between. The fins enhance heat transfer from the hot gas to the water in thetank 140. The radially protruding sections are utilized in situations where calcification build-up is not an issue.FIG. 6 c depicts a detail of an alternative embodiment wherein thehot gas manifold 160 has a corrugated cross-section. This corrugated manifold can also be used in conjunction with the embodiment depicted inFIGS. 1-3 c. -
FIG. 7 provides a more complete schematic diagram of the invented device. Specifically,FIG. 7 shows a high temperature shut down sensor 120 andhigh water sensors 130 located below thegas egress point 63. The “high water” sensors allow shut off of the device when water threatens to flood thegas conduit 60. The “low water”sensors 150 allow shut off of the device when it threatens to overheat. Also provided is aheater overflow pipe 140. Also depicted are components of the device discussed supra: thefuel burner 50, the firingchamber 60, thewater storage tank 40, the coolingring 56, theprotective cap 70, the heat transfer rings 22, and theinlet nozzles 31. - The foregoing description is for purposes of illustration only and is not intended to limit the scope of protection accorded this invention. The present invention may be presented in other specific embodiments without departing from the essential attributes of the present invention. It is apparent that many modifications, substitutions, and additions may be made to the preferred embodiment while remaining within the scope of the appended claims, which should be interpreted as broadly as possible.
Claims (19)
1. A combination direct/indirect liquid heating device comprising
a tower;
a cold water inlet conduit in communication with a first end of said tower;
a hot water collection tank in communication with said tower, said tank adapted to collect water and there form a water surface;
a hot gas manifold having a first end adapted to receive hot gases, said manifold positioned in the tank so as to be partially submerged below the water surface; and
a means of gas egress attached to a second end of said manifold and positioned above the water surface, the egress means configured to prevent water from entering said manifold.
2 The device as recited in claim 1 wherein said manifold comprises sections providing parallel paths for the gas.
3. The device as recited in claim 1 wherein said manifold comprises sections providing a continuous path for the gas.
4. The device as recited in claim 1 wherein exterior regions of said manifold comprise protruding fins.
5. The device as recited in claim 1 wherein a second end of said manifold terminates with a vertical section extending upwardly into the tower.
6. The device as recited in claim 5 wherein said vertical section comprises a baffle impeding gas flow from the tower into the collection tank.
7. The device as recited in claim 5 wherein said vertical section is terminated by the means of gas egress.
8. The device as recited in claim 1 wherein said means of gas egress comprises a cap configured to impede formation of laminar water flow around the periphery of said cap.
9. The device as recited in claim 8 wherein said means comprises a flat region, a conical peripheral region and a vertical cylindrical region.
10. The device as recited in claim 8 wherein said conical peripheral region is pleated.
11. The device as recited in claim 1 wherein said water collection tank comprises a sleeve surrounding said gas conduit so as to form an annular space adapted to receive water.
12. The device as recited in claim 8 wherein said cap comprises a hemispherical region.
13. The device as recited in claim 1 further comprising a cooling ring positioned on said gas manifold at a point proximal to the means of gas egress, said cooling ring comprising a plate with one or more overflow ports and with gaps arranged along inner and outer peripheries of the plate so as to direct the fall of water.
14. The device as recited in claim 11 wherein said manifold is corrugated.
15. A water heater comprising:
a longitudinally extending gas conduit terminating in a means of gas egress;
a sleeve surrounding said gas conduit so as to form an annular space adapted to receive water;
a means for contacting water with gas emanating from the gas egress means;
a means for water ingress to the annular space; and
a means for water egress from the annular space.
16. The heater as recited in claim 15 wherein a vertical riser is integrally molded to said sleeve.
17. The heater as recited in claim 15 wherein said conduit terminates with a vertical section extending upwardly into a tower.
18. The heater as recited in claim 15 wherein the distance between the conduit and the sleeve remains constant along a longitudinally-extending region of the conduit.
19. The heater as recited in claim 15 further comprising a heater overflow pipe and means to maintain the water temperature and volume within predetermined levels.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/686,238 US20050072378A1 (en) | 2002-10-17 | 2003-10-15 | High efficiency combination direct/indirect water heater |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US41930102P | 2002-10-17 | 2002-10-17 | |
US46519203P | 2003-04-23 | 2003-04-23 | |
US10/686,238 US20050072378A1 (en) | 2002-10-17 | 2003-10-15 | High efficiency combination direct/indirect water heater |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20050072378A1 true US20050072378A1 (en) | 2005-04-07 |
Family
ID=34396972
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/686,238 Abandoned US20050072378A1 (en) | 2002-10-17 | 2003-10-15 | High efficiency combination direct/indirect water heater |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20050072378A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20080173260A1 (en) * | 2001-04-12 | 2008-07-24 | Jack Lange | Heat transfer from a source to a fluid to be heated using a heat driven loop |
ES2360315A1 (en) * | 2008-10-01 | 2011-06-03 | Antonio Font Llines | Machine for heating a fluid through the combustión of a solid combustible material. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
US20140026824A1 (en) * | 2012-07-26 | 2014-01-30 | Rocanda Usa Inc. | Method and apparatus for providing heated water for fracing |
CN107462085A (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2017-12-12 | 北京华誉能源技术股份有限公司 | A kind of flue gas waste heat recovery system and method |
Citations (36)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US203392A (en) * | 1878-05-07 | Improvement in apparatus for heating water | ||
US383921A (en) * | 1888-06-05 | Water and other liquids | ||
US496788A (en) * | 1893-05-02 | George lloyd | ||
US544704A (en) * | 1895-08-20 | Bath-water heater | ||
US554371A (en) * | 1896-02-11 | Ments | ||
US570128A (en) * | 1896-10-27 | Hermann haeberlin | ||
US574593A (en) * | 1897-01-05 | wensing | ||
US585244A (en) * | 1897-06-29 | Water-heater | ||
US593209A (en) * | 1897-11-09 | Water-heater | ||
US633768A (en) * | 1898-09-19 | 1899-09-26 | Michel Schaack | Water-heater. |
US639478A (en) * | 1899-06-05 | 1899-12-19 | George Wilson | Instantaneous water-heater. |
US656813A (en) * | 1900-01-17 | 1900-08-28 | Morris I Cohen | Instantaneous water-heater. |
US704043A (en) * | 1898-07-13 | 1902-07-08 | Herbert S Humphrey | Heater. |
US759607A (en) * | 1903-05-07 | 1904-05-10 | Rapid Heater Company Ltd | Water-heater. |
US785905A (en) * | 1904-12-21 | 1905-03-28 | William L Mersfelder | Water-heater. |
US807030A (en) * | 1904-12-23 | 1905-12-12 | Rufus J Hutchins | Water-heater. |
US839292A (en) * | 1904-07-22 | 1906-12-25 | Humphrey Company | Water-heater. |
US844131A (en) * | 1904-07-22 | 1907-02-12 | Humphrey Company | Water-heater. |
US1328682A (en) * | 1918-03-30 | 1920-01-20 | Thomas William Baker | Hot-water heater |
US2169683A (en) * | 1938-01-03 | 1939-08-15 | Ex Lab Inc | Generating mixed fluid heating medium |
US2611362A (en) * | 1946-04-03 | 1952-09-23 | Swindin Norman | Submersible burner |
US3190283A (en) * | 1962-10-23 | 1965-06-22 | Miyahara Kingo | Compact instantaneous water heater |
US3428559A (en) * | 1966-10-14 | 1969-02-18 | Ballard & Associates Inc | Apparatus and method for treating swimming pool water |
US3568658A (en) * | 1969-03-20 | 1971-03-09 | Cmi Corp | Submersible water heater |
US3718131A (en) * | 1972-02-07 | 1973-02-27 | G Raker | Vacuum collar for roofing kettles and the like |
US4141343A (en) * | 1976-12-02 | 1979-02-27 | Seiichi Awano And Yasui Sangyo Co., Ltd. | Hot-water boiler of the direct-heating type |
US4549526A (en) * | 1983-03-31 | 1985-10-29 | Garn, Incorporated | Combination wood-fired boiler and storage apparatus |
US4658803A (en) * | 1984-11-07 | 1987-04-21 | British Gas Corporation | Gas-fired water heaters |
US4753220A (en) * | 1987-02-05 | 1988-06-28 | Ludell Manufacturing Company | Direct contact water heater |
US5086731A (en) * | 1989-03-15 | 1992-02-11 | British Gas Plc | Water heater |
US5305735A (en) * | 1993-03-29 | 1994-04-26 | Welden David P | Direct fired hot water generator with more than one heat exchange zone |
US5520165A (en) * | 1995-03-08 | 1996-05-28 | Institute Of Gas Technology | Hybrid direct/indirect water heating process and apparatus |
US5799620A (en) * | 1996-06-17 | 1998-09-01 | Cleer, Jr.; Clarence W. | Direct contact fluid heating device |
US6089223A (en) * | 1998-01-28 | 2000-07-18 | Webco Industries, Incorporated | Direct contact water heating system |
US6223698B1 (en) * | 1997-07-24 | 2001-05-01 | Institut Francais Du Petrole | Device for producing hot water |
US6293277B1 (en) * | 1999-09-30 | 2001-09-25 | Inproheat Industries Ltd. | Sludge treatment system using two-stage heat recovery submerged combustion |
-
2003
- 2003-10-15 US US10/686,238 patent/US20050072378A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (36)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US593209A (en) * | 1897-11-09 | Water-heater | ||
US496788A (en) * | 1893-05-02 | George lloyd | ||
US203392A (en) * | 1878-05-07 | Improvement in apparatus for heating water | ||
US544704A (en) * | 1895-08-20 | Bath-water heater | ||
US554371A (en) * | 1896-02-11 | Ments | ||
US570128A (en) * | 1896-10-27 | Hermann haeberlin | ||
US574593A (en) * | 1897-01-05 | wensing | ||
US585244A (en) * | 1897-06-29 | Water-heater | ||
US383921A (en) * | 1888-06-05 | Water and other liquids | ||
US704043A (en) * | 1898-07-13 | 1902-07-08 | Herbert S Humphrey | Heater. |
US633768A (en) * | 1898-09-19 | 1899-09-26 | Michel Schaack | Water-heater. |
US639478A (en) * | 1899-06-05 | 1899-12-19 | George Wilson | Instantaneous water-heater. |
US656813A (en) * | 1900-01-17 | 1900-08-28 | Morris I Cohen | Instantaneous water-heater. |
US759607A (en) * | 1903-05-07 | 1904-05-10 | Rapid Heater Company Ltd | Water-heater. |
US844131A (en) * | 1904-07-22 | 1907-02-12 | Humphrey Company | Water-heater. |
US839292A (en) * | 1904-07-22 | 1906-12-25 | Humphrey Company | Water-heater. |
US785905A (en) * | 1904-12-21 | 1905-03-28 | William L Mersfelder | Water-heater. |
US807030A (en) * | 1904-12-23 | 1905-12-12 | Rufus J Hutchins | Water-heater. |
US1328682A (en) * | 1918-03-30 | 1920-01-20 | Thomas William Baker | Hot-water heater |
US2169683A (en) * | 1938-01-03 | 1939-08-15 | Ex Lab Inc | Generating mixed fluid heating medium |
US2611362A (en) * | 1946-04-03 | 1952-09-23 | Swindin Norman | Submersible burner |
US3190283A (en) * | 1962-10-23 | 1965-06-22 | Miyahara Kingo | Compact instantaneous water heater |
US3428559A (en) * | 1966-10-14 | 1969-02-18 | Ballard & Associates Inc | Apparatus and method for treating swimming pool water |
US3568658A (en) * | 1969-03-20 | 1971-03-09 | Cmi Corp | Submersible water heater |
US3718131A (en) * | 1972-02-07 | 1973-02-27 | G Raker | Vacuum collar for roofing kettles and the like |
US4141343A (en) * | 1976-12-02 | 1979-02-27 | Seiichi Awano And Yasui Sangyo Co., Ltd. | Hot-water boiler of the direct-heating type |
US4549526A (en) * | 1983-03-31 | 1985-10-29 | Garn, Incorporated | Combination wood-fired boiler and storage apparatus |
US4658803A (en) * | 1984-11-07 | 1987-04-21 | British Gas Corporation | Gas-fired water heaters |
US4753220A (en) * | 1987-02-05 | 1988-06-28 | Ludell Manufacturing Company | Direct contact water heater |
US5086731A (en) * | 1989-03-15 | 1992-02-11 | British Gas Plc | Water heater |
US5305735A (en) * | 1993-03-29 | 1994-04-26 | Welden David P | Direct fired hot water generator with more than one heat exchange zone |
US5520165A (en) * | 1995-03-08 | 1996-05-28 | Institute Of Gas Technology | Hybrid direct/indirect water heating process and apparatus |
US5799620A (en) * | 1996-06-17 | 1998-09-01 | Cleer, Jr.; Clarence W. | Direct contact fluid heating device |
US6223698B1 (en) * | 1997-07-24 | 2001-05-01 | Institut Francais Du Petrole | Device for producing hot water |
US6089223A (en) * | 1998-01-28 | 2000-07-18 | Webco Industries, Incorporated | Direct contact water heating system |
US6293277B1 (en) * | 1999-09-30 | 2001-09-25 | Inproheat Industries Ltd. | Sludge treatment system using two-stage heat recovery submerged combustion |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20080173260A1 (en) * | 2001-04-12 | 2008-07-24 | Jack Lange | Heat transfer from a source to a fluid to be heated using a heat driven loop |
ES2360315A1 (en) * | 2008-10-01 | 2011-06-03 | Antonio Font Llines | Machine for heating a fluid through the combustión of a solid combustible material. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
US20140026824A1 (en) * | 2012-07-26 | 2014-01-30 | Rocanda Usa Inc. | Method and apparatus for providing heated water for fracing |
CN107462085A (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2017-12-12 | 北京华誉能源技术股份有限公司 | A kind of flue gas waste heat recovery system and method |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP5539543B2 (en) | High temperature fluid generator including condensing heat exchanger | |
US4031862A (en) | Economizer | |
US4747447A (en) | Heat exchanger | |
CA2047355A1 (en) | High efficiency water heater | |
US11828461B2 (en) | Corrosion resistant air preheater with lined tubes | |
EP0777098A2 (en) | Improved heat exchanger for use in high temperature applications | |
JP2005321170A (en) | Instantaneous heating device and hot water supply device | |
CN108826688A (en) | condensing boiler | |
EA006357B1 (en) | Heating system for liquids | |
US20050072378A1 (en) | High efficiency combination direct/indirect water heater | |
US6776153B1 (en) | Hybrid atmospheric water heater | |
US5915468A (en) | High-temperature generator | |
WO1999049268A1 (en) | A flue and hot water heater | |
RU2275559C1 (en) | Device for contact heat recovery | |
JPH07146003A (en) | Gas combustion device | |
FI61354B (en) | VAERMEPANNA | |
RU2013710C1 (en) | Contact surface water heater | |
JP4165097B2 (en) | Water tube boiler | |
RU2069829C1 (en) | Contact heat recovery unit | |
CN113195982B (en) | Burner pipe assembly of water heater | |
KR102382966B1 (en) | The thermal oxidizer and catalytic oxidizer | |
KR830001333B1 (en) | heat transmitter | |
US11098924B2 (en) | Combustion tube assembly of a water heater | |
AU760683B2 (en) | A flue and hot water heater | |
JP2003156201A (en) | Boiler device |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: QUIKWATER, INC., OKLAHOMA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:PRUITT, JEFFERY K.;WEBER, FRANK WILLIAM;REEL/FRAME:015986/0377 Effective date: 20041109 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |