EP0998586B1 - Shaft furnace - Google Patents
Shaft furnace Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0998586B1 EP0998586B1 EP98935032A EP98935032A EP0998586B1 EP 0998586 B1 EP0998586 B1 EP 0998586B1 EP 98935032 A EP98935032 A EP 98935032A EP 98935032 A EP98935032 A EP 98935032A EP 0998586 B1 EP0998586 B1 EP 0998586B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- shaft furnace
- devices
- worm
- worm conveyors
- conveyors
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/02—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in shaft furnaces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
- F27B1/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
- F27B1/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
- F27B1/21—Arrangements of devices for discharging
Definitions
- the invention relates to a shaft furnace, in particular a direct reduction shaft furnace, with a bed of lumpy material, in particular iron oxide and / or sponge iron containing lumpy material, with star-shaped as screw conveyors above the bottom region of the shaft furnace Discharge devices for the lumpy good, as well as over the discharge devices Inlet openings for a reducing gas are arranged.
- Shaft furnaces in particular reduction shaft furnaces of the type described above, are numerous known from the prior art.
- One such, essentially as a cylindrical hollow body trained shaft furnace generally contains a bed of iron oxide and / or Lumpy material containing sponge iron, the material containing iron oxide in the upper part of the shaft furnace is abandoned.
- a reducing gas originating, for example, from a melter gasifier is introduced into the Shaft furnace and thus blown into the solid bed.
- the hot dust-laden Reducing gas flows upwards through the solid bed and thereby reduces this Partial or partial iron oxide to form sponge iron.
- the fully or partially reduced iron oxide is between the bottom of the Discharge devices arranged in the shaft furnace and the area of the gas inlet openings conveyed out of the shaft furnace.
- These discharge devices are usually called Star-shaped arrangement of screw conveyors conveying radially (in relation to the shaft furnace) educated.
- the zone in the area of the shaft floor in which the discharge devices are located should have a maximum of active discharge area, on the one hand as possible to achieve even lowering of the bulk material, furthermore one should continuous movement or mixing of the material in the reaction zone guaranteed become.
- this is the central area that is arranged in a star shape Discharge devices is not detected and remains almost motionless.
- the second zone is formed by the wedge-shaped areas between two discharge devices, where the pyramids built up in these dead zones on the one hand Inhibit solids flow and on the other hand build up so far that the Gas inlet slots for the reducing gas through the bulk material building up are covered, with a relative by the dust load of the reducing gas forms impermeable bed. This has the consequence that the necessary homogeneous No gas distribution in the shaft furnace.
- EP-B-0 116 679 describes screws for moving solid particles in one Shaft furnace and described for discharging the same. It is radial arranged, cantilevered snails of the same length and a cylindrical Have cross-section. The blind spots between the snails are admittedly Wedge-shaped fixtures minimized, but the construction of "dead men" cannot be prevented.
- EP-B-0 085 290 discloses arrangements of short tapered screws, both in a conical installation in the middle, which also serves as a pouring cone, as are also stored on the circumference of the shaft furnace. By the one in the middle conical installation can hold back the training of the central "dead man” but there are still inactive zones between the neighboring ones Discharge devices used to train the undesirable Lead pyramids.
- the object of the present invention is therefore the training of Filling pyramids between two neighboring discharge devices on the inside
- the invention is characterized in that between the area formed by the inlet openings and the area formed by the discharge devices means for moving the in the shaft furnace located goods are arranged in a star shape.
- the structure of Bulk pyramids in or over the area of the gas inflow slots effectively prevented.
- This arrangement can, especially in the upper part of the shaft, the area of the Reaction space in which the reduction processes take place, a largely area-wide Mixing and lowering of the reaction material can be achieved.
- the number of devices for moving the one located in the shaft furnace is preferred Good twice the number of discharge devices for the lumpy good.
- By the large number of movement devices is a homogeneous discharge of the Good reaction achieved.
- Two movement devices are particularly preferred, each in pairs Discharge device assigned that each of the two movement devices are both above and next to, one on the left and the second on the right of the discharge device located.
- This particular arrangement of the movement devices according to the invention causes the pyramids to be eroded from their edges.
- a preferred embodiment is that the movement devices as Screw conveyors are designed, the screw surfaces of the screw conveyors possibly an infinity over at least a partial area of a screw conveyor have a large slope.
- the screw surfaces of the screw conveyors of interchangeable and / or fixed paddles mounted on the shafts of the screw conveyors educated. Experience has shown that such paddles when moving iron oxide and / or material containing sponge iron, strong mechanical and abrasive influences are exposed. If maintenance work is now to be carried out on the screw conveyors, so it is of great advantage if not the entire screw has to be replaced, but if only the damaged paddles can be replaced.
- the shafts of the screw conveyors are one-sided, stored on the fly and cooled if necessary.
- the shape of the waves is in the essentially cylindrical, but the shafts can optionally have at least one Part of its length with a constant and / or non-constant slope inwards, i.e. in Tapered towards the center of the shaft furnace.
- the envelope of the screw surfaces each of a screw conveyor substantially cylindrical, but can optionally over at least a portion with a constant and / or non-constant slope inwards be conically tapered.
- the screw surface is each screw conveyor formed such that each screw conveyor in the direction of the center of the shaft furnace or conveys away from the center or radially to the screw conveyor.
- the screw conveyors are for permanent or temporary use arranged axially movable.
- This configuration has the one hand The advantage that each of the screw conveyors is easily accessible for maintenance work, on the other hand it is not necessary to keep each screw conveyor in operation permanently, but only temporarily Dismantling of the pyramids.
- the direction of rotation is each individual Screw conveyor continuously or discontinuously clockwise or counterclockwise or but oscillating. Due to the flexibility of the rotary movement and direction, the respective geometric conditions of the pyramids are taken into account. About that In addition, a homogeneous mixing of the reaction material is ensured.
- the oscillation or rotary movement in each case two screw conveyors assigned in pairs to a discharge device in opposite directions.
- the conveying direction is essentially radial, but can optionally have a slight axial component.
- the head of each screw conveyor is in itself known manner designed as a drill bit. This means that when used temporarily Drilling into a solid pyramid allows.
- the drive for the shafts Screw conveyor motors provided.
- the shafts are driven by motors, the given a flexible adaptation of the screw conveyor to the process and the other is the installation and removal, since the drive is arranged on the travel device anyway, facilitated.
- Snail sensors provided.
- undesirable drilling behavior a snail is the deviation of the snail head from the desired direction when To understand drilling into a bed that may be partially stuck.
- the process Drilling is a sensitive task and, in the event of misconduct by the operating personnel, one thing expensive repair-causing operation.
- the sensor system is therefore an important part of the Process control.
- a further feature of the invention is a regulation of the speeds and / or Drilling behavior of the individual shafts of the screw conveyors, the conveying characteristics and / or corresponding to the drilling behavior. This allows the Movement characteristics of the worm and the drill head each Process requirements are adjusted.
- a shaft furnace 1 contains in its Inside a solid bed 2, soft solid through the bottom 3 of the shaft furnace 1 star-shaped discharge devices 4 is discharged from the shaft furnace 1. Hiss the star-shaped discharge devices 4 (as screw conveyors educated; not shown) high pyramids 5 have built up, which over protrude part of the gas inflow slots 6 and cover them. The active volume of the shaft furnace 1 is reduced by the volume of the pyramids 5 and the Solid bed is not evenly gasified.
- FIG. 2 shows a shaft furnace 1 with movement devices arranged according to the invention 7.
- Two discharge devices 7 are assigned to each discharge device 4 both above and next to it, one on the left and the second on the right of the Discharge device 4 are located.
- FIG. 3 shows a shaft furnace 1 with movement devices arranged according to the invention 7, and fill pyramids 5, which are arranged by using the inventive Movement devices 7 are reduced.
- the gas inflow slots 6 are no longer the pyramids 5 covered.
- the solid bed 2 is evenly gasified and the active volume of the shaft furnace 1 is increased.
- each discharge device 4 has 2 Movement devices 7 assigned.
- the wedge-shaped region 8 is between two Discharge devices 4, over which the pyramids build up, are reduced in size. Since the Angle of repose is a constant, material-dependent size, with a reduced footprint is the Filling pyramid also reduced the height.
- Fig. 5 shows a detailed view of a discharge device 4 with 2 overlying Movement devices 7, which are designed here as screw conveyors. Arrows 8 indicate that Direction of rotation of the movement devices 7, which are opposite to each other. As a result, material from the filling pyramids (not shown here) to the The discharge area of the discharge devices 4 is conveyed.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Schachtofen, insbesondere einen Direktreduktionsschachtofen, mit einer Schüttung aus stückigem Gut, insbesondere Eisenoxid und/oder Eisenschwamm enthaltendem stückigem Gut, wobei über dem Bodenbereich des Schachtofens sternförming als Förderschnecken ausgebildeten Austragsvorichtungen für das stückige Gut, sowie über den Austragsvorrichtungen Einlaßöffnungen für ein Reduktionsgas angeordnet sind.The invention relates to a shaft furnace, in particular a direct reduction shaft furnace, with a bed of lumpy material, in particular iron oxide and / or sponge iron containing lumpy material, with star-shaped as screw conveyors above the bottom region of the shaft furnace Discharge devices for the lumpy good, as well as over the discharge devices Inlet openings for a reducing gas are arranged.
Schachtöfen, insbesondere Reduktionsschachtöfen der oben beschriebenen Art sind vielfach aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt. Ein solcher, im wesentlichen als zylindrischer Hohlkörper ausgebildeter Schachtofen enthält im allgemeinen eine Schüttung aus Eisenoxid und/oder Eisenschwamm enthaltendem stückigem Gut, wobei das Eisenoxid enthaltende Gut in den oberen Teil des Schachtofens aufgegeben wird. Durch mehrere über den Umfang des Schachtofens angeordnete Einlaßöffnungen im Bereich des unteren Drittels des Schachtofens wird ein beispielsweise aus einem Einschmelzvergaser stammendes Reduktionsgas in den Schachtofen und damit in die Feststoffschüttung eingeblasen. Das heiße staubbeladene Reduktionsgas durchströmt die Feststoffschüttung nach oben und reduziert dabei das Eisenoxid der Schüttung ganz oder teilweise zu Eisenschwamm.Shaft furnaces, in particular reduction shaft furnaces of the type described above, are numerous known from the prior art. One such, essentially as a cylindrical hollow body trained shaft furnace generally contains a bed of iron oxide and / or Lumpy material containing sponge iron, the material containing iron oxide in the upper part of the shaft furnace is abandoned. By several on the scope of the Shaft furnace arranged inlet openings in the area of the lower third of the shaft furnace a reducing gas originating, for example, from a melter gasifier is introduced into the Shaft furnace and thus blown into the solid bed. The hot dust-laden Reducing gas flows upwards through the solid bed and thereby reduces this Partial or partial iron oxide to form sponge iron.
Das ganz oder teilweise reduzierte Eisenoxid wird durch zwischen dem Bodenbereich des Schachtofens und dem Bereich der Gaseinlaßöffnungen angeordnete Austragsvorrichtungen aus dem Schachtofen heraus gefördert. Diese Austragsvorrichtungen sind in der Regel als sternförmige Anordnung radial (bezogen auf den Schachtofen) fördernder Förderschnecken ausgebildet.The fully or partially reduced iron oxide is between the bottom of the Discharge devices arranged in the shaft furnace and the area of the gas inlet openings conveyed out of the shaft furnace. These discharge devices are usually called Star-shaped arrangement of screw conveyors conveying radially (in relation to the shaft furnace) educated.
Die im Bereich des Schachtbodens liegende Zone, in welcher sich die Austragsvorrichtungen befinden, soll ein Maximum an aktiver Austragsfläche aufweisen, um einerseits ein möglichst gleichmäßiges Absenken des Schüttgutes zu erreichen, des weiteren soll auch eine kontinuierliche Bewegung bzw. Durchmischung des Gutes in der Reaktionszone gewährleistet werden.The zone in the area of the shaft floor in which the discharge devices are located should have a maximum of active discharge area, on the one hand as possible to achieve even lowering of the bulk material, furthermore one should continuous movement or mixing of the material in the reaction zone guaranteed become.
Die geringe Anzahl der Austragsvorrichtungen bringt aber aufgrund der dadurch gegebenen Platzverhältnisse Nachteile mit sich, welche dadurch bedingt sind, daß sich, da Teile des Schüttgutes in der Ebene der Austragsvorrichtungen von diesen Austragsvorrichtungen nicht erfaßt werden können, über diesen nicht aktiven Flächen nicht bewegte Zonen mit sehr steilen inneren Schüttungswinkeln ausbilden. Diese als "Toter Mann" bezeichneten Zonen haben den Nachteil, daß ein Volumenanteil des Reaktionsraumes teilweise inaktiv wird, wobei unter aktivem Volumen jener Bereich eines Schachtofens zu verstehen ist, in welchem die angestrebten Gas-Feststoffreaktionen ablaufen.The small number of discharge devices brings due to the given Space constraints, which are due to the fact that, because parts of the Bulk goods in the level of the discharge devices of these discharge devices are not Zones that are not moving with very steep areas can be detected over these inactive areas Form inner filling angles. These zones, known as "dead man", have the Disadvantage that a volume fraction of the reaction space becomes partially inactive, with below active volume is the area of a shaft furnace in which the desired gas-solid reactions take place.
Dadurch können sich in diesen Gebieten, bedingt durch die hohen Verweilzeiten der Erze bzw. der reduzierten Erze, Verbackungen und Agglomerate bilden, welche sich nachteilig auf den Stofffluß auswirken und dadurch den Stoffumsatz und somit auch die Produktivität verringern.As a result, the long dwell times of the ores or of reduced ores, caking and agglomerates, which adversely affect the Impact the material flow and thereby reduce the material turnover and thus also the productivity.
Bei der dem Stand der Technik entsprechenden Anordnung sind es im wesentlichen zwei Zonen, über welchen sich "Toter Mann" ausbildet.In the prior art arrangement there are essentially two Zones over which "dead man" forms.
Es ist dies einerseits der Zentralbereich, der von den sternförmig angeordneten Austragsvorrichtungen nicht erfaßt wird und nahezu unbewegt bleibt. Die zweite Zone wird von den keilförmigen, zwischen je zwei Austragsvorrichtungen liegenden Bereichen gebildet, wobei die sich in diesen toten Zonen aufbauenden Schüttungspyramiden einerseits den Feststofffluß hemmen und andererseits sich so weit nach oben aufbauen, daß die Gaseinströmschlitze für das Reduktionsgas durch das sich aufbauende Schüttungsmaterial abgedeckt werden, wobei sich durch die Staubfracht des Reduktionsgases eine relativ gasundurchlässige Schüttung bildet. Dies hat zur Folge, daß die notwendige homogene Gasverteilung im Schachtofen unterbleibt.On the one hand, this is the central area that is arranged in a star shape Discharge devices is not detected and remains almost motionless. The second zone is formed by the wedge-shaped areas between two discharge devices, where the pyramids built up in these dead zones on the one hand Inhibit solids flow and on the other hand build up so far that the Gas inlet slots for the reducing gas through the bulk material building up are covered, with a relative by the dust load of the reducing gas forms impermeable bed. This has the consequence that the necessary homogeneous No gas distribution in the shaft furnace.
In der EP-B-0 116 679 werden Schnecken zur Bewegung von festen Partikeln in einem Schachtofen und zum Austrag derselben beschrieben. Es handelt sich dabei um radial angeordnete, fliegend gelagerte Schnecken, die gleich lang sind und einen zylindrischen Querschnitt aufweisen. Die toten Winkel zwischen den Schnecken werden zwar durch keilförmige Einbauten minimiert, der Aufbau von "Toten Männern" kann aber dadurch nicht verhindert werden.EP-B-0 116 679 describes screws for moving solid particles in one Shaft furnace and described for discharging the same. It is radial arranged, cantilevered snails of the same length and a cylindrical Have cross-section. The blind spots between the snails are admittedly Wedge-shaped fixtures minimized, but the construction of "dead men" cannot be prevented.
Die EP-B-0 085 290 offenbart Anordnungen von kurzen konischen Schnecken, die sowohl in einem in der Mitte befindlichen kegelförmigen Einbau, der zugleich als Schüttkegel dient, als auch am Umfang des Schachtofens gelagert sind. Durch den in der Mitte befindlichen kegelförmigen Einbau kann zwar die Ausbildung des zentralen "Toten Mannes" hintangehalten werden, es existieren aber nach wie vor inaktive Zonen zwischen den benachbarten Austragsvorrichtungen, die zur Ausbildung der erwähnten unerwünschten Schüttungspyramiden führen.EP-B-0 085 290 discloses arrangements of short tapered screws, both in a conical installation in the middle, which also serves as a pouring cone, as are also stored on the circumference of the shaft furnace. By the one in the middle conical installation can hold back the training of the central "dead man" but there are still inactive zones between the neighboring ones Discharge devices used to train the undesirable Lead pyramids.
Mit keiner der aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Anordnungen von Austragsvorrichtungen und/oder Einbauten ist es möglich, die Ausbildung von als "Toter Mann" bezeichneten Schüttungspyramiden zwischen je zwei benachbarten Austragsvorrichtungen am inneren Rand des Schachtofens zu verhindern.With none of the arrangements of discharge devices known from the prior art and / or internals, it is possible to train those referred to as "dead men" Filling pyramids between two neighboring discharge devices on the inner edge to prevent the shaft furnace.
Aufgabe der gegenständlichen Erfindung ist es demnach, die Ausbildung von Schüttungspyramiden zwischen jeweils zwei benachbarten Austragsvorrichtungen am innerenThe object of the present invention is therefore the training of Filling pyramids between two neighboring discharge devices on the inside
Rand des Schachtofens zu vermeiden, bzw. so weit zu verringern, daß die Spitzen der Schüttungspyramiden wesentlich unterhalb des Bereiches der Gaseinströmschlitze für das Reduktionsgas liegen, wodurch die Gaseinströmschlitze nicht mehr durch unbewegtes Schüttungsmaterial abgedeckt werden.Avoid the edge of the shaft furnace, or reduce it so far that the tips of the Filling pyramids substantially below the area of the gas inflow slots for the Reduction gas lie, so that the gas inflow slots are no longer caused by unmoving Fill material to be covered.
Die Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen dem von den Einlaßöffnunger gebildeten Bereich und dem von den Austragsvorrichtungen gebildeten Bereich Vorrichtungen zum Bewegen des im Schachtofen befindlichen Gutes sternförmig angeordnet sind.The invention is characterized in that between the area formed by the inlet openings and the area formed by the discharge devices means for moving the in the shaft furnace located goods are arranged in a star shape.
Durch die erfindungsgemäß angeordneten Vorrichtungen wird der Aufbau von Schüttungspyramiden in, bzw. über den Bereich der Gaseinströmschlitze wirksam verhindert. Durch diese Anordnung kann vor allem im oberen Teil des Schachtes, dem Bereich des Reaktionsraumes, in dem die Reduktionsvorgänge ablaufen, ein weitgehend flächendeckendes Durchmischen und Absenken des Reaktionsgutes erreicht werden.By means of the devices arranged according to the invention, the structure of Bulk pyramids in or over the area of the gas inflow slots effectively prevented. This arrangement can, especially in the upper part of the shaft, the area of the Reaction space in which the reduction processes take place, a largely area-wide Mixing and lowering of the reaction material can be achieved.
Vorzugsweise ist die Anzahl der Vorrichtungen zum Bewegen des im Schachtofen befindlichen Gutes doppelt so groß wie die Anzahl der Austragsvorrichtungen für das stückige Gut. Durch die große Anzahl an Bewegungsvorrichtungen wird eine homogener Austrag des Reaktionsgutes erzielt.The number of devices for moving the one located in the shaft furnace is preferred Good twice the number of discharge devices for the lumpy good. By the large number of movement devices is a homogeneous discharge of the Good reaction achieved.
Besonders bevorzugt sind je zwei Bewegungsvorrichtungen derart paarweise je einer Austragsvorrichtung zugeordnet, daß jede der beiden Bewegungsvorrichtungen sich sowohl über als auch neben, und zwar eine links und die zweite rechts von der Austragsvorrichtung befindet. Durch diese besondere erfindungsgemäße Anordnung der Bewegungsvorrichtungen wird bewirkt, daß die Schüttungspyramiden von ihren Rändern her abgetragen/werden. Two movement devices are particularly preferred, each in pairs Discharge device assigned that each of the two movement devices are both above and next to, one on the left and the second on the right of the discharge device located. This particular arrangement of the movement devices according to the invention causes the pyramids to be eroded from their edges.
Dadurch wird erreicht, daß die Schüttungspyramiden wesentlich an Höhe verlieren und infolgedessen die sich weiter oben im Umfang des Schachtofens befindenden Gaseinströmschlitze nicht mehr abdecken können, was letztendlich zu einer homogenen Gasverteilung im Schachtofen führt. Ein weiterer Effekt ist eine Vergrößerung des aktiven Volumens des Reaktionsraumes.It is thereby achieved that the filling pyramids lose a substantial amount in height and as a result, those located further up the circumference of the shaft furnace Gas inlet slots can no longer cover, which ultimately leads to a homogeneous Gas distribution in the shaft furnace leads. Another effect is an enlargement of the active one Volume of the reaction space.
Eine bevorzugte Ausgestaltung besteht darin, daß die Bewegungsvorrichtungen als Förderschnecken ausgeführt sind, wobei die Schraubenflächen der Förderschnecken gegebenenfalls über zumindest einen Teilbereich jeweils einer Förderschnecke eine unendlich große Steigung aufweisen.A preferred embodiment is that the movement devices as Screw conveyors are designed, the screw surfaces of the screw conveyors possibly an infinity over at least a partial area of a screw conveyor have a large slope.
Einem Merkmal der Erfindung zufolge werden die Schraubenflächen der Förderschnecken von auswechselbaren und/oder fix auf den Wellen der Förderschnecken montierten Paddeln gebildet. Die Erfahrung hat gezeigt, daß solche Paddeln beim Bewegen von Eisenoxid und/oder Eisenschwamm enthaltendem Gut starken mechanischen und abrasiven Einflüssen ausgesetzt sind. Wenn nun Wartungsarbeiten an den Förderschnecken durchzuführen sind, so ist es von großem Vorteil, wenn nicht die gesamte Schnecke ersetzt werden muß, sondern wenn lediglich die beschädigten Paddel ausgetauscht werden können.According to a feature of the invention, the screw surfaces of the screw conveyors of interchangeable and / or fixed paddles mounted on the shafts of the screw conveyors educated. Experience has shown that such paddles when moving iron oxide and / or material containing sponge iron, strong mechanical and abrasive influences are exposed. If maintenance work is now to be carried out on the screw conveyors, so it is of great advantage if not the entire screw has to be replaced, but if only the damaged paddles can be replaced.
Nach einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung sind die Wellen der Förderschnecken einseitig, also fliegend gelagert und gegebenenfalls gekühlt. Die Form der Wellen ist dabei im wesentlichen zylindrisch, die Wellen können aber gegebenenfalls über zumindest einen Teilbereich ihrer Länge mit konstanter und/oder nicht konstanter Steigung nach innen, also in Richtung der Mitte des Schachtofens konisch verjüngt ausgeführt sein.According to a further feature of the invention, the shafts of the screw conveyors are one-sided, stored on the fly and cooled if necessary. The shape of the waves is in the essentially cylindrical, but the shafts can optionally have at least one Part of its length with a constant and / or non-constant slope inwards, i.e. in Tapered towards the center of the shaft furnace.
Gemäß einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung ist die Umhüllende der Schraubenflächen jeweils einer Förderschnecke im wesentlichen zylindrisch, kann aber gegebenenfalls über zumindest einen Teilbereich mit konstanter und/oder nicht konstanter Steigung nach innen konisch verjüngt ausgeführt werden.According to a further feature of the invention, the envelope of the screw surfaces each of a screw conveyor substantially cylindrical, but can optionally over at least a portion with a constant and / or non-constant slope inwards be conically tapered.
Durch die flexible Ausführungsform von Weilen und/oder Schraubenflächen ist es möglich, das Förderverhalten der Förderschnecken den fluiddynamischen Gegebenheiten des Fördergutes anzupassen. Due to the flexible embodiment of shafts and / or screw surfaces, it is possible Conveying behavior of the screw conveyors to the fluid dynamic conditions of the material being conveyed adapt.
Nach einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung ist die Schraubenfläche jeder Förderschnecke dergestalt ausgebildet, daß jede Förderschnecke in Richtung der Mitte des Schachtofens oder von dessen Mitte weg oder radial zur Förderschnecke fördert.According to a further feature of the invention, the screw surface is each screw conveyor formed such that each screw conveyor in the direction of the center of the shaft furnace or conveys away from the center or radially to the screw conveyor.
Nach einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung sind die Förderschnecken für permanenten oder temporären Einsatz axial verfahrbar angeordnet. Diese Ausgestaltung hat einerseits den Vorteil, daß jede der Förderschnecken für Wartungsarbeiten gut zugänglich ist, andererseits ist es nicht nötig jede Förderschnecke permanent in Betrieb zu halten, sondern nur temporär zum Abbau der Schüttungspyramiden einzusetzen.According to a further feature of the invention, the screw conveyors are for permanent or temporary use arranged axially movable. This configuration has the one hand The advantage that each of the screw conveyors is easily accessible for maintenance work, on the other hand it is not necessary to keep each screw conveyor in operation permanently, but only temporarily Dismantling of the pyramids.
Gemäß einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung ist die Drehrichtung jeder einzelnen Förderschnecke kontinuierlich oder diskontinuierlich im oder gegen den Uhrzeigersinn oder aber oszillierend. Durch die Flexibilität der Drehbewegung und -richtung kann den jeweiligen geometrischen Gegebenheiten der Schüttungspyramiden Rechnung getragen werden. Darüber hinaus wird eine homogene Durchmischung des Reaktionsgutes sichergestellt.According to a further feature of the invention, the direction of rotation is each individual Screw conveyor continuously or discontinuously clockwise or counterclockwise or but oscillating. Due to the flexibility of the rotary movement and direction, the respective geometric conditions of the pyramids are taken into account. About that In addition, a homogeneous mixing of the reaction material is ensured.
Nach einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist die Oszillations- oder Drehbewegung jeweils zweier, paarweise einer Austragsvorrichtung zugeordneten Förderschnecken gegenläufig. Die Förderrichtung ist gemäß dieser bevorzugten Ausgestaltung im wesentlichen radial, kann aber gegebenenfalls eine geringfügige axiale Komponente aufweisen.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the oscillation or rotary movement in each case two screw conveyors assigned in pairs to a discharge device in opposite directions. According to this preferred embodiment, the conveying direction is essentially radial, but can optionally have a slight axial component.
Nach einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist der Kopf jeder Förderschnecke in an sich bekannter Weise als Bohrkrone ausgebildet. Dadurch wird bei temporärem Einsatz das Einbohren in eine festgebackene Schüttungspyramide ermöglicht.According to a further embodiment of the invention, the head of each screw conveyor is in itself known manner designed as a drill bit. This means that when used temporarily Drilling into a solid pyramid allows.
Nach einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sind für den Antrieb der Wellen der Förderschnecke Motoren vorgesehen. Bei einem Antrieb der Wellen mittels Motoren ist zum einen eine flexible Anpassung der Förderschnecken an den Prozeß gegeben und zum anderen ist der Ein- und Ausbau, da der Antrieb ohnehin auf der Verfahrvorrichtung angeordnet ist, erleichtert.According to a further embodiment of the invention, the drive for the shafts Screw conveyor motors provided. When the shafts are driven by motors, the given a flexible adaptation of the screw conveyor to the process and the other is the installation and removal, since the drive is arranged on the travel device anyway, facilitated.
Nach einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sind für das Erkennen des Einbohrverhaltens der Schnecken Sensoren vorgesehen. Unter einem beispielsweise unerwünschten Einbohrverhalten einer Schnecke ist das Abweichen des Schneckenkopfes von der gewünschten Richtung beim Einbohren in eine gegebenenfalls teilweise festgebackene Schüttung zu verstehen. Der Prozeß des Einbohrens ist ein sensibler und bei einem Fehlverhalten des bedienenden Personals ein eine teure Reparatur hervorrufender Vorgang. Somit ist die Sensorik ein wichtiger Bestandteil der Prozeßführung.According to one embodiment of the invention, for the detection of the drilling behavior Snail sensors provided. Under, for example, undesirable drilling behavior a snail is the deviation of the snail head from the desired direction when To understand drilling into a bed that may be partially stuck. The process Drilling is a sensitive task and, in the event of misconduct by the operating personnel, one thing expensive repair-causing operation. The sensor system is therefore an important part of the Process control.
Nach einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung ist eine Regelung der Drehzahlen und/oder des Einbohrverhaltens der einzelnen Wellen der Förderschnecken, der Fördercharakteristik und/oder dem Einbohrverhalten entsprechend, vorgesehen. Dadurch kann die Bewegungscharakteristik der Schnecke und des Bohrkopfes den jeweiligen Prozeßerfordernissen angepaßt werden.According to a further feature of the invention is a regulation of the speeds and / or Drilling behavior of the individual shafts of the screw conveyors, the conveying characteristics and / or corresponding to the drilling behavior. This allows the Movement characteristics of the worm and the drill head each Process requirements are adjusted.
Die Erfindung wird nun anhand von in den Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen
näher erläutert:
Fig. 1 zeigt eine Darstellung des zu lösenden Problems: Ein Schachtofen 1 enthält in seinem
Inneren eine Feststoffschüttung 2, weicher Feststoff durch über dem Boden 3 des Schachtofens
1 sternförmig angeordnete Austragsvorrichtungen 4 aus dem Schachtofen 1 ausgetragen wird.
Zischen den sternförmig angeordneten Austragsvorrichtungen 4 (als Förderschnecken
ausgebildet; nicht dargestellt) haben sich hohe Schüttungspyramiden 5 aufgebaut, welche über
einen Teil der Gaseinströmschlitze 6 hinausragen und diese verdecken. Das aktive Volumen
des Schachtofens 1 ist um das Volumen der Schüttungspyramiden 5 veringert und die
Feststoffschüttung wird nicht gleichmäßig durchgast.. 1 shows a representation of the problem to be solved: a
Fig. 2 zeigt einen Schachtofen 1 mit erfindungsgemäß angeordneten Bewegungsvorrichtungen
7. Jeder Austragsvorrichtung 4 sind zwei Bewegungsvorrichtungen 7 zugeordnet, die sich
sowohl oberhalb als auch neben, und zwar eine links und die zweite rechts von der
Austragsvorrichtung 4 befinden.2 shows a
Fig. 3 zeigt einen Schachtofen 1 mit erfindungsgemäß angeordneten Bewegungsvorrichtungen
7, sowie Schüttungspyramiden 5, die durch den Einsatz der erfindungsgemäß angeordneten
Bewegungsvorrichtungen 7 verkleinert sind. Die Gaseinströmschlitze 6 werden nicht mehr von
den Schüttungspyramiden 5 uberdeckt. Die Feststoffschüttung 2 wird gleichmäßig durchgast
und das aktive Volumen des Schachtofens 1 ist vergrößert.3 shows a
Fig. 4. zeigt eine Draufsicht auf die Ebene der Bewegungsvorrichtungen 7 mit
darunterliegenden Austragsvorrichtungen 4. Jeder Austragsvorrichtung 4 sind 2
Bewegungsvorrichtungen 7 zugeordnet. Dadurch ist der keilförmige Bereich 8 zwischen zwei
Austragsvorrichtungen 4, über dem sich Schüttungspyramiden aufbauen, verkleinert. Da der
Schüttwinkel eine konstante, materialabhängige Größe ist, ist bei verkleinerter Grundfläche der
Schüttungspyramide auch die Höhe reduziert.4 shows a plan view of the plane of the
Fig. 5 zeigt in einer Detailansicht eine Austragsvorrichtung 4 mit 2 darüberliegenden
Bewegungsvorrichtungen 7, die hier als Förderschnecken ausgebildet sind. Pfeile 8 geben die
Drehrichtungen der Bewegungsvorrichtungen 7 an, die zueinander entgegengesetzt sind.
Dadurch wird Material von den Schüttungspyramiden (hier nicht dargestellt) zum
Austragsbereich der Austragsvorrichtungen 4 befördert.Fig. 5 shows a detailed view of a
Claims (17)
- Shaft furnace (1), in particular direct reduction shaft furnace, having a bed (2) of lumpy material, in particular lumpy material containing iron oxide and/or iron sponge, having discharge devices (4) for the lumpy material, which are arranged in a star shape above the bottom region (3) of the shaft furnace (1) and are designed as worm conveyors, and having inlet openings (6) for a reduction gas which are arranged above the discharge devices (4), characterized in that devices (7) for moving the material which is present in the shaft furnace (1) are arranged in a star shape between the region formed by the inlet openings (6) and the region formed by the discharge devices (4).
- Shaft furnace (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the number of devices (7) for moving the material which is present in the shaft furnace (1) is at least twice as great as the number of discharge devices (4) for the lumpy material.
- Shaft furnace (1) according to one of Claims 1 or 2, characterized in that in each case two movement devices (7) are assigned in pairs to in each case one discharge device (4), in such a manner that each of the two movement devices (7) is situated both above and next to, specifically one to the left and the other to the right of, the discharge device (4).
- Shaft furnace (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the movement devices (7) are designed as horizontally arranged worm conveyors.
- Shaft furnace (1) according to Claim 4, characterized in that the shafts of the worm conveyors have a flying mount in the region of the furnace wall and, if appropriate, are cooled.
- Shaft furnace (1) according to one of Claims 4 or 5, characterized in that the shafts of the worm conveyors are substantially cylindrical and, if appropriate, taper conically over at least a partial region of their length, with a constant and/or non-constant pitch, at increasing distance from the furnace wall.
- Shaft furnace (1) according to one of Claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the screw faces of the worm conveyors have an infinite pitch in at least a partial region.
- Shaft furnace (1) according to one of Claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the screw faces of the worm conveyors are formed by paddles which are exchangeable and/or are mounted fixedly on the shafts.
- Shaft furnace (1) according to one of Claims 4 to 8, characterized in that the envelope of a screw face is substantially cylindrical and, if appropriate, tapers conically inwards over at least a partial region, with a constant and/or non-constant pitch.
- Shaft furnace (1) according to one of Claims 4 to 9, characterized in that each of the worm conveyors is designed in such a way that it conveys either towards the centre of the shaft furnace (1) or away from the centre or radially with respect to the worm conveyor.
- Shaft furnace (1) according to one of Claims 4 to 10, characterized in that each worm conveyor is arranged in an axially displaceable manner for permanent and/or temporary use.
- Shaft furnace (1) according to one of Claims 4 to 11, characterized in that each worm conveyor is arranged so that it can be rotated continuously or discontinuously in the clockwise or anticlockwise direction.
- Shaft furnace (1) according to one of Claims 4 to 12, characterized in that the oscillating and/or rotary movement of in each case two worm conveyors assigned in a pair to a discharge device (4) is oppositely directed.
- Shaft furnace (1) according to one of Claims 4 to 13, characterized in that the tips of the worm conveyors are designed as drill bits.
- Shaft furnace (1) according to one of Claims 4 to 14, characterized in that motors are provided for driving the shafts of the worm conveyors.
- Shaft furnace (1) according to one of Claims 4 to 15, characterized in that sensors are provided for detecting the drilling action of the worm conveyors.
- Shaft furnace (1) according to one of Claims 4 to 15, characterized in that there is a unit for controlling the rotational speeds and/or the drilling action of the individual shafts of the worm conveyors, according to the conveying characteristics and/or the drilling action.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT0119797A AT405332B (en) | 1997-07-14 | 1997-07-14 | SHAFT OVEN |
| AT119797 | 1997-07-14 | ||
| PCT/EP1998/004292 WO1999004045A1 (en) | 1997-07-14 | 1998-07-10 | Shaft furnace |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0998586A1 EP0998586A1 (en) | 2000-05-10 |
| EP0998586B1 true EP0998586B1 (en) | 2002-03-13 |
Family
ID=3508714
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP98935032A Expired - Lifetime EP0998586B1 (en) | 1997-07-14 | 1998-07-10 | Shaft furnace |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6213762B1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0998586B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2002511906A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100557230B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1071381C (en) |
| AT (1) | AT405332B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU744469B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9811694A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2296318A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE59803356D1 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL338180A1 (en) |
| TW (1) | TW407166B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1999004045A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA986239B (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT407192B (en) * | 1998-08-13 | 2001-01-25 | Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen | SHAFT OVEN |
| IT1314530B1 (en) * | 2000-07-12 | 2002-12-18 | Sms Demag S P A Italimpianti D | UNLOADING AUGER FOR MOBILE SOLES. |
| AT505490B1 (en) * | 2007-06-28 | 2009-12-15 | Siemens Vai Metals Tech Gmbh | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING IRON SPONGE |
| KR101048527B1 (en) * | 2008-08-26 | 2011-07-12 | 한국지질자원연구원 | Method for manufacturing autothermal plastic body using vertical kiln |
| AT511738B1 (en) * | 2011-07-21 | 2013-04-15 | Siemens Vai Metals Tech Gmbh | MELT REDUCTION AGGREGATE AND METHOD FOR OPERATING A MELT REDUCTION AGGREGATE |
| CN102417945A (en) * | 2011-11-04 | 2012-04-18 | 张昭贵 | Shaft furnace with central air distribution device and method for controlling air distribution capacity |
| MX2020009126A (en) * | 2018-03-08 | 2021-01-08 | Hyl Tech S A De C V | Container, device and method for storing or processing particulate materials to minimize or eliminate vibrations such as quaking or shaking. |
| CN111910037B (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2022-01-25 | 唐山中科乾海环保科技有限公司 | Shaft furnace direct reduction device and discharging method thereof |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2862808A (en) * | 1957-07-31 | 1958-12-02 | Alan N Mann | Apparatus and method for reducing iron oxide pellets |
| US3704011A (en) | 1971-08-12 | 1972-11-28 | Mintech Corp | Discharge mechanism for shaft kiln |
| US4118017A (en) * | 1976-01-02 | 1978-10-03 | United States Steel Corporation | Shaft furnace design |
| US4336131A (en) * | 1978-09-25 | 1982-06-22 | Midland-Ross Corporation | Gasification furnace with discharge hopper |
| AT372109B (en) * | 1982-01-11 | 1983-09-12 | Voest Alpine Ag | DEVICE FOR DISCHARGING HOT GOODS, ESPECIALLY IRON SPONGE FROM A CHAMBER |
| DE3422185A1 (en) | 1984-06-12 | 1985-12-12 | Korf Engineering GmbH, 4000 Düsseldorf | ARRANGEMENT FROM A CARBURETTOR AND DIRECT REDUCTION STOVE |
| AT387037B (en) * | 1987-06-15 | 1988-11-25 | Voest Alpine Ag | Shaft furnace for the heat treatment of charge materials with gaseous media |
| AT406299B (en) * | 1996-11-12 | 2000-03-27 | Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen | DEVICE FOR DISCHARGING OR MIXING PIECE OF GOODS |
| KR100276324B1 (en) * | 1996-12-20 | 2000-12-15 | 이구택 | Melt reduction apparatus and method for manufacturing molten pig iron using the same |
-
1997
- 1997-07-14 AT AT0119797A patent/AT405332B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1998
- 1998-07-10 DE DE59803356T patent/DE59803356D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-07-10 CN CN98807174A patent/CN1071381C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-07-10 AU AU84418/98A patent/AU744469B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-07-10 WO PCT/EP1998/004292 patent/WO1999004045A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1998-07-10 PL PL98338180A patent/PL338180A1/en unknown
- 1998-07-10 KR KR1020007000369A patent/KR100557230B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-07-10 EP EP98935032A patent/EP0998586B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-07-10 CA CA002296318A patent/CA2296318A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-07-10 BR BR9811694-0A patent/BR9811694A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-07-10 JP JP50640699A patent/JP2002511906A/en active Pending
- 1998-07-10 US US09/462,985 patent/US6213762B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-07-13 TW TW087111386A patent/TW407166B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-07-14 ZA ZA986239A patent/ZA986239B/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1999004045A1 (en) | 1999-01-28 |
| CN1263563A (en) | 2000-08-16 |
| ATA119797A (en) | 1998-11-15 |
| AT405332B (en) | 1999-07-26 |
| US6213762B1 (en) | 2001-04-10 |
| CN1071381C (en) | 2001-09-19 |
| KR100557230B1 (en) | 2006-03-07 |
| KR20010021805A (en) | 2001-03-15 |
| DE59803356D1 (en) | 2002-04-18 |
| JP2002511906A (en) | 2002-04-16 |
| EP0998586A1 (en) | 2000-05-10 |
| PL338180A1 (en) | 2000-10-09 |
| ZA986239B (en) | 1999-02-05 |
| TW407166B (en) | 2000-10-01 |
| BR9811694A (en) | 2000-09-26 |
| AU8441898A (en) | 1999-02-10 |
| CA2296318A1 (en) | 1999-01-28 |
| AU744469B2 (en) | 2002-02-21 |
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