EP0998415B1 - Element d'etancheite et d'inviolabilite pour recipient - Google Patents
Element d'etancheite et d'inviolabilite pour recipient Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0998415B1 EP0998415B1 EP98930989A EP98930989A EP0998415B1 EP 0998415 B1 EP0998415 B1 EP 0998415B1 EP 98930989 A EP98930989 A EP 98930989A EP 98930989 A EP98930989 A EP 98930989A EP 0998415 B1 EP0998415 B1 EP 0998415B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cover
- layer
- element according
- gasket
- tape
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D51/00—Closures not otherwise provided for
- B65D51/18—Arrangements of closures with protective outer cap-like covers or of two or more co-operating closures
- B65D51/20—Caps, lids, or covers co-operating with an inner closure arranged to be opened by piercing, cutting, or tearing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2251/00—Details relating to container closures
- B65D2251/0003—Two or more closures
- B65D2251/0006—Upper closure
- B65D2251/0015—Upper closure of the 41-type
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2251/00—Details relating to container closures
- B65D2251/0003—Two or more closures
- B65D2251/0068—Lower closure
- B65D2251/0093—Membrane
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2577/00—Packages formed by enclosing articles or materials in preformed containers, e.g. boxes, cartons, sacks, bags
- B65D2577/10—Container closures formed after filling
- B65D2577/20—Container closures formed after filling by applying separate lids or covers
- B65D2577/2041—Pull tabs
- B65D2577/2058—Pull tabs attached to the closure
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a combined element sealing and inviolability for containers and more particularly for those whose opening is intended to be closed by a cover as well as a process for manufacturing such an element.
- lids are sometimes associated with means additional sealing such as seals arranged inside the cover which is intended to cover the upper part of the container.
- covers can also be provided with means of grip such as tabs generally formed by parts of the cover itself as described in EP 395 660, EP 460,096, EP 534,949 and US 4,754,890.
- the object of the present invention is to solve the problems previous techniques, on the one hand, by realizing the tongue of gripping in the form of a ribbon attached to the cover, and on the other hand, by creating a temporary bond around said tab between said lid and seal of the cover.
- said ribbon comprises a fold longitudinal forming an elastic hinge and delimiting, on the one hand, a fixed part secured to the upper face of the cover, and, on the other part, a movable part folded parallel to said fixed part by joint support.
- said movable upper part of the ribbon is linked to the separable seal.
- the fixed and mobile parts are of equal widths.
- said ribbon extends so diametral on the upper face of the cover.
- said ribbon comprises at least two layers.
- the lower layer of the ribbon is preferably integral with the upper face of the cover and separably linked to the underside of the seal.
- the bottom layer is made of polyethylene and the upper layer of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyester.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- said cover comprises at minus two layers.
- said cover comprises a lower layer of sealing, a metallic interlayer and a top layer.
- said upper layer is formed of at least two sub-layers, a lower sub-layer compatible with the layer metallic and an upper underlay compatible with the ribbon.
- said seal comprises at minus two layers.
- said seal comprises a lower layer bonded with separable with tape and seal, one layer expanded intermediate and an upper layer arranged opposite the bottom of the cover.
- the lower and upper layers of the joint are formed each of two sub-layers.
- the bottom layer of the joint is made of polyethylene terephthalate or polyamide and the intermediate layer is made with polyolefin foam.
- said seal has a symmetrical structure.
- the weak bond between the underside of the seal and the upper side of the seal is mainly mechanical.
- Another object of the invention is a method of manufacturing said element, characterized in that the upper layer of the cover by hot extrusion then the ribbon is fixed and the joint on said hot upper layer, by trapping said tape, so as to create, after cooling, a weak bond between the joint and the cap.
- the invention ensures sealing and inviolability reinforced by the fact that the seal and the seal are assembled to form a single airtight piece.
- the constituent layers of the cover and the seal are, as for them, fixed together firmly.
- the release of the cover is also carried out without delamination or tearing by means of the grip tab.
- the element E shown in Figure 1 is intended to ensure jointly the tightness and the inviolability of a container R (apparent in FIG. 2) the opening A of which can be closed off by a cover or a cap C.
- Element E includes the combination of a seal 1 and a joint 2, in one piece.
- the underside of the cover 1 is intended to be glued or tightly sealed on the rim of the opening A of the container R and its upper face carries a ribbon 10 forming a gripping tab.
- the cover 1 is, for example, heat sealed in a known manner by high frequency induction.
- the seal 2 is intended, for its part, to be housed in the cover C designed for this purpose. Seal retention is ensured, for example, at by means of a peripheral ring produced on the internal wall of the cover and behind which the seal is at least partially blocked. According to the invention, the underside of the seal 2 adheres easily separable to the upper face of cover 1 at least in the areas left free by the ribbon 10.
- the bonding force between the underside of seal 2 and the face upper of cover 1 is determined so that it is lower, on the one hand, to the forces ensuring the retention of the seal 2 in its housing, and secondly, the resistance to tearing of the seal 1 on the rim of the opening A of the container R.
- this force connection is such that any movement of the cover C, and in particular seal 2 relative to container R, causes separation immediate seal and seal 1.
- Such a weak bond is preferably obtained by extruding or coextruding at temperature high (material melting temperature) the top layer of the cover 1 then by fixing the tape 10 and then applying quickly seal 2 on the upper layer of the lid thus formed, by trapping the ribbon 10.
- the extruded top layer of the lid is still hot enough to keep at least partially a state favorable to an adhesion.
- the ribbon 10 has a longitudinal fold 100 forming a elastic hinge and delimiting, on the one hand, a fixed part 10a integral of the upper face of the cover 1, and, on the other hand, a movable part 10b, folded parallel to the lower part 10a by pressing the seal 2.
- the fixed parts 10a and mobile 10b are preferably of equal widths as shown in Figure 1, and extend diametrically over the upper face of the cover 1 here of circular outline.
- the movable part 10b of the ribbon 10 which is folded flat on the fixed part 10a is optionally linked to the underside of the seal 2 by an adhesion phenomenon similar to that which concerns the the upper face of the cover 1 adjacent to the fixed part 10a of the ribbon.
- the ribbon 10 comprises at least two layers 101, 102; the lower layer 101 is firmly fixed to the face top of cover 1 and layer 101 is free or bonded so separable from the underside of the joint 2.
- the upper layer 102 is disposed inside the fold, between the fixed parts 10a and mobile 10b.
- the lower layer 101 is made, for example, by polyethylene while the upper layer 102 is polyethylene terephthalate (PET) so as to avoid any phenomenon of adhesion between the fixed parts 10a and mobile 10b.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- the cover 1 comprises at least two layers and, preferably three layers according to the embodiment of Figure 1.
- These three layers consist, from bottom to top, of a layer lower 11 of sealing on the edge of the opening A, of a layer interlayer 12 metallic, for example aluminum and one layer upper 13.
- the upper layer 13 is formed of at least two underlays 131,132.
- the lower underlay 131 is compatible with the metal of layer 12 and upper sublayer 132 is compatible with the lower layer 101 of the ribbon 10.
- Layers 11, 12, 131, 132 and 101 are assembled together firmly and definitively, for example, by extrusion or coextrusion of surface coatings thermally sealed to obtain a sufficiently strong bond to avoid delamination during the separation of the cover 1 by traction on the movable part 10b tape 10 forming a gripping tab.
- the bonding forces between, on the one hand, the layer lower 11 and the rim of the opening A, and on the other hand, the layer lower 11 and the intermediate layer 12 will be determined one by compared to each other to produce a partial declining of the layer lower 11 when the cover 1 is torn off. purpose of leaving, at the first opening, a peripheral portion of the lower layer 11 on the edge of the opening, after tearing off cover 1, as a seal and inviolability witness.
- the joint 2 comprises one or more layers and, preferably at least two layers as in the embodiment of the figure 1, with three layers 21, 22, 23 defining a symmetrical structure.
- the upper layer 21 is arranged opposite the bottom of the cover C possibly being fixed by gluing or any other way.
- the intermediate layer 22 is expanded and has a thickness much greater than the other two layers 21, 23.
- This layer is made, for example, with a cellular material such as foam polyolefin.
- the lower layer 23 is linked in a separable manner, on the one hand to the movable part 10b of the ribbon 10, and, on the other hand, to the upper face of the sublayer 132 of the cover 1.
- the upper layer 21 and the lower layer 23 of seal 2 are each formed of two sublayers 211, 212 and 231, 232.
- the lower layer 23 and, where appropriate, the upper layer 21 are made of polyethylene terephthalate or polyamide.
- the extreme layers have very thick weak and are, for example, made up of films
- the ribbon 10 is temporarily closed in the state folded between cover 1 and seal 2.
- the consumer removes cover C as shown in FIG. 2.
- This action has the effect of separating the seal 2 from the cover 1 into releasing the movable part 10b of the ribbon 10 which can then pivot towards the high to come into position substantially perpendicular to the common plane of the fixed part 10a and of the cover 1.
- part 10b the consumer separates the cover 1 of the rim of the container 1 to release the opening A.
Description
- un opercule amovible dont la face inférieure est destinée à être scellée ou collée de manière étanche sur le rebord de l'ouverture et dont la face supérieure porte un ruban formant languette de préhension, et
- un joint destiné à être retenu dans ledit couvercle, caractérisé en ce que l'opercule et le joint sont réalisés en une seule pièce ; la face inférieure dudit joint adhérant à la face supérieure de l'opercule au moins dans les zones laissées libres par ledit ruban avec une force de liaison inférieure aux forces retenant respectivement le joint dans le couvercle et l'opercule sur le rebord de l'ouverture.
- la figure 1 représente une vue en coupe de l'élément de l'invention ;
- la figure 2 représente une vue en perspective de l'élément de l'invention après dégagement du couvercle.
- PET =
- polyéthylène téréphtalate ou polyester
- PA =
- polyamide
- PVC =
- polychlorure de vinyle
- PVDC =
- polychlorure de vinylidène
- PE =
- polyéthylène
- PP =
- polypropylène
- PO =
- Polyoléfine
Couche | Matériaux | |
joint 2 | 21 | PET |
22 | mousse PE | |
23 | PET | |
ruban 10 | 102 | PET |
101 | PE | |
Opercule 1 | 13 | extrusion ou co-extrusion / couchage d'une ou plusieurs couches |
12 | film PET, aluminium ou PA | |
11 | Papier cristal (32gr) collée sur rebord (A) |
Couche | Matériaux | |
joint 2 | 21 | carton |
23 | aluminium | |
ruban 10 | 102 | PET |
101 | PE | |
Opercule 1 | 13 | extrusion ou coextrusion / couchage d'une ou plusieurs couches |
12 | film PET | |
11 | film PE mono ou multicouches thermoscellé sur rebord (A) |
Couche | Matériaux | ||
joint 2 | 21 | carton | |
23 | PET | ||
ruban 10 | 102 | PET | |
101 | PE | ||
opercule 1 | 13 | 132 | extrusion ou coextrusion / couchage d'une ou plusieurs couches |
131 | aluminium | ||
12 | film PET | ||
11 | film PE mono ou multi-couche thermoscellé sur rebord (A) |
Couche | Matériaux | ||
joint 2 | 21 | carton | |
23 | PET | ||
ruban 10 | 102 | PET | |
101 | PE | ||
opercule 1 | 13 | 132 | extrusion ou coextrusion / couchage d'une ou plusieurs couches |
131 | film PET | ||
12 | aluminium | ||
11 | film PE mono ou multi-couche thermoscellé sur rebord (A) |
Couche | Matériaux | ||
joint 2 | monocouche | mousse PP | |
ruban 10 | monocouche | PET | |
opercule 1 | 13 | 132 | extrusion ou coextrusion/ couchage d'une ou plusieurs couches |
131 | film PET | ||
12 | aluminium | ||
11 | film PE mono ou multi-couche thermoscellé sur rebord (A) |
Claims (19)
- Elément combiné d'étanchéité et d'inviolabilité pour récipient (R) dont l'ouverture (A) est obturable par un couvercle (C), du type comprenant :un opercule (1) amovible dont la face inférieure est destinée à être scellée de manière étanche sur le rebord de l'ouverture (A) et dont la face supérieure porte un ruban (10) formant languette de préhension, etun joint (2) destiné à être retenu dans ledit couvercle (C), caractérisé en ce que l'opercule (1) et le joint (2) sont réalisés en une seule pièce ; la face inférieure dudit joint adhèrant à la face supérieure de l'opercule (1) au moins dans les zones laissées libres par ledit ruban (10) avec une force de liaison inférieure aux forces retenant respectivement le joint (2) dans le couvercle (C) et l'opercule (1) sur le rebord de l'ouverture (A).
- Elément selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit ruban (10) comporte un pli longitudinal (100) formant une charnière élastique et délimitant, d'une part, une partie fixe (10a) solidaire de la face supérieure de l'opercule (1), et, d'autre part, une partie mobile (10b) repliée parallèlement à ladite partie fixe (10a) par appui du joint (2).
- Elément selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que ladite partie supérieure mobile (10b) du ruban (10) est liée au joint (2) de manière séparable.
- Elément selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que les parties fixe (10a) et mobile (10b) sont d'égales largeurs.
- Elément selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en que ledit ruban (10) s'étend de façon diamétrale sur la face supérieure de l'opercule (1).
- Elément selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ledit ruban (10) comprend au moins deux couches (101,102).
- Elément selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en que la couche inférieure (101) du ruban (10), est solidaire de la face supérieure de l'opercule (1) et liée de façon séparable à la face inférieure du joint (2).
- Elément selon la revendication 6 ou 7, caractérisé en que la couche inférieure (101) est réalisée en polyéthylène et la couche supérieure en polyéthylène téréphtalate (PET).
- Elément selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ledit opercule (1) comprend au moins deux couches (11, 12, 13).
- Elément selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en que ledit opercule comprend une couche inférieure de scellage (11), une couche intercalaire métallique (12) et une couche supérieure (13).
- Elément selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en que ladite couche supérieure (13) est formée d'au moins deux sous-couches (131,132), une sous-couche inférieure (131) compatible avec la couche métallique (12) et une sous-couche supérieure (132) compatible avec le ruban (10).
- Elément selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ledit joint (2) comprend au moins deux couches (21, 22, 23).
- Elément selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en que ledit joint (2) comprend une couche inférieure (23) liée de manière séparable au ruban (10) et à l'opercule (1), une couche intermédiaire (22) expansée et une couche supérieure (21) disposée en regard du fond du couvercle (C).
- Elément selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en que les couches inférieure (23) et supérieure (24) du joint (2) sont formées chacune de deux sous-couches (231,232) et (211,212).
- Elément selon la revendication 13 ou 14, caractérisé en que la couche inférieure (23) du joint est réalisée en polyéthylène téréphtalate ou en polyamide.
- Elément selon la revendication 13 ou 15, caractérisé en que la couche intermédiaire (22) est réalisée avec une mousse de polyoléfine.
- Elément selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ledit joint (2) a une structure symétrique.
- Elément selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la liaison faible entre la face inférieure du joint (2) et la face supérieure de l'opercule (1) est principalement d'origine mécanique.
- Procédé de fabrication d'un élément selon l'une des revendications 1 à 18, caractérisé en ce qu'on réalise la couche supérieure de l'opercule (1) par extrusion à chaud puis on applique le joint (1) sur ladite couche supérieure chaude, en emprisonnant ledit ruban préalablement fixé, de façon à créer après refroidissement, une liaison faible entre le joint (2) et l'opercule (1).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
LU90111 | 1997-07-25 | ||
LU90111A LU90111B1 (fr) | 1997-07-25 | 1997-07-25 | Elément d'étanchéité et d'inviolabilité pour récipients et plus particulièrement pour ceux dont l'ouverture est destinée à être obturée par un couvercle |
PCT/IB1998/001115 WO1999005041A1 (fr) | 1997-07-25 | 1998-07-21 | Element d'etancheite et d'inviolabilite pour recipient |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0998415A1 EP0998415A1 (fr) | 2000-05-10 |
EP0998415B1 true EP0998415B1 (fr) | 2002-06-12 |
Family
ID=19731703
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98930989A Expired - Lifetime EP0998415B1 (fr) | 1997-07-25 | 1998-07-21 | Element d'etancheite et d'inviolabilite pour recipient |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0998415B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE219011T1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU8125498A (fr) |
BR (1) | BR9810797A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2297840A1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69806011T2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2178840T3 (fr) |
LU (1) | LU90111B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1999005041A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8715825B2 (en) | 2005-01-06 | 2014-05-06 | Selig Sealing Products, Inc. | Two-piece pull-tab sealing member with improved heat distribution for a container |
AU2006234311B2 (en) | 2005-04-15 | 2010-03-25 | Selig Sealing Products, Inc. | Seal stock laminate |
US9624008B2 (en) | 2007-03-23 | 2017-04-18 | Selig Sealing Products, Inc. | Container seal with removal tab and security ring seal |
JP2014520046A (ja) | 2011-06-24 | 2014-08-21 | セリグシーリングプロダクツ インコーポレイテッド | 取出機構を露出および形成する除去可能な部分を備えたシーリング部材 |
US9028963B2 (en) | 2012-09-05 | 2015-05-12 | Selig Sealing Products, Inc. | Tamper evident tabbed sealing member having a foamed polymer layer |
US9193513B2 (en) | 2012-09-05 | 2015-11-24 | Selig Sealing Products, Inc. | Tabbed inner seal |
CA2846164C (fr) * | 2013-03-15 | 2020-11-10 | Selig Sealing Products, Inc. | Joint d'etancheite interne a sous-couche formant une languette |
CA2846021C (fr) | 2013-03-15 | 2021-06-08 | Selig Sealing Products, Inc. | Joint d'etancheite interne a couche formant une languette partielle chevauchante |
US10604315B2 (en) | 2014-02-05 | 2020-03-31 | Selig Sealing Products, Inc. | Dual aluminum tamper indicating tabbed sealing member |
ES2773855T3 (es) | 2015-03-03 | 2020-07-15 | Selig Sealing Products Inc | Miembro de obturación con lengüeta, laminado para cortar con troquel el miembro de obturación con lengüeta a partir del mismo y un método de fabricación del miembro de obturación con lengüeta |
KR102653019B1 (ko) | 2016-10-28 | 2024-03-29 | 셀리그 실링 프로덕츠, 아이엔씨. | 단일 알루미늄 조작 방지 탭 시일 부재 |
EP3532281B1 (fr) | 2016-10-28 | 2023-04-12 | Selig Sealing Products, Inc. | Élément d'étanchéité destiné à être utilisé avec des compositions contenant de la graisse |
US11866242B2 (en) | 2016-10-31 | 2024-01-09 | Selig Sealing Products, Inc. | Tabbed inner seal |
MX2021000297A (es) | 2018-07-09 | 2021-06-23 | Selig Sealing Products Inc | Sello de pestañas con una pestaña de gran tamaño. |
US11254481B2 (en) | 2018-09-11 | 2022-02-22 | Selig Sealing Products, Inc. | Enhancements for tabbed seal |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4588099A (en) * | 1985-04-25 | 1986-05-13 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Film seal for container |
US4754890A (en) * | 1987-08-20 | 1988-07-05 | Ullman Myron E | Tamper evident safety seal |
DE3920324A1 (de) * | 1989-06-21 | 1991-01-10 | Alcan Gmbh | Behaelter mit schraub- oder stuelpdeckel |
FR2716407B1 (fr) * | 1994-02-22 | 1996-04-12 | Joints Manuf Generale | Procédé pour la réalisation d'un joint scellable pour l'obturation d'un récipient à fermeture par bouchon ou capsule et joint scellable ainsi obtenu. |
-
1997
- 1997-07-25 LU LU90111A patent/LU90111B1/fr active
-
1998
- 1998-07-21 ES ES98930989T patent/ES2178840T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-07-21 BR BR9810797-6A patent/BR9810797A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-07-21 AT AT98930989T patent/ATE219011T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-07-21 AU AU81254/98A patent/AU8125498A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-07-21 DE DE69806011T patent/DE69806011T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-07-21 EP EP98930989A patent/EP0998415B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-07-21 WO PCT/IB1998/001115 patent/WO1999005041A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1998-07-21 CA CA002297840A patent/CA2297840A1/fr not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU8125498A (en) | 1999-02-16 |
DE69806011T2 (de) | 2003-01-02 |
BR9810797A (pt) | 2000-07-25 |
EP0998415A1 (fr) | 2000-05-10 |
ES2178840T3 (es) | 2003-01-01 |
DE69806011D1 (de) | 2002-07-18 |
CA2297840A1 (fr) | 1999-02-04 |
ATE219011T1 (de) | 2002-06-15 |
WO1999005041A1 (fr) | 1999-02-04 |
LU90111B1 (fr) | 1998-01-13 |
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