EP0997609A1 - Procédé et appareil de contrôle du compactage d'un remblai - Google Patents
Procédé et appareil de contrôle du compactage d'un remblai Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0997609A1 EP0997609A1 EP99402610A EP99402610A EP0997609A1 EP 0997609 A1 EP0997609 A1 EP 0997609A1 EP 99402610 A EP99402610 A EP 99402610A EP 99402610 A EP99402610 A EP 99402610A EP 0997609 A1 EP0997609 A1 EP 0997609A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pipe
- force
- deformation
- embankment
- wall
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000004443 Ricinus communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000000528 Ricinus communis Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D1/00—Investigation of foundation soil in situ
- E02D1/08—Investigation of foundation soil in situ after finishing the foundation structure
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/007—Measuring stresses in a pipe string or casing
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
- E21B49/006—Measuring wall stresses in the borehole
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a compaction control method of an embankment and in particular of the area of an embankment ensuring the coating of a pipe.
- Such an embankment must be sufficiently compacted, i.e. have a density sufficient to constitute an effective foundation for conduct and this, in particular, when it is intended to travel under a road.
- Another known technique is to use a gamma probe and measure absorption of gamma rays by the embankment.
- these techniques do not provide an indication specifies the quality of the compaction of an embankment, and in particular of the coating area of a pipe, insofar as, on the one hand, this area is difficult to access and, on the other hand, where the quality of compaction can vary rapidly in this area, in the vertical direction, between the raft and the key, and in the horizontal direction, the measurements taking place on an ad hoc basis.
- the object of the invention is to overcome these drawbacks.
- the step of applying the force on the embankment consists in exerting a radial force on two diametrically opposite areas of the wall of the pipe so as to make it substantially oval its cross-section.
- the step of calculating the elastic modulus of the embankment comprises the steps consisting in calculating the stiffness of the embankment, by calculating the ratio between the value of the applied force and the value of the resulting deformation, and to calculate the modulus of elasticity of the embankment from the calculated stiffness.
- the invention also relates to a compaction control apparatus. of an embankment for coating a pipe, for the implementation of a control process as defined above, characterized in that it comprises means for applying a force on the wall of the pipe so as to deform it, means for measuring the resulting deformation of the pipe wall and a central processing unit to which are connected to said measuring means and comprising means for calculating the dry density of the embankment from the values of the applied force and the deformation resulting from the wall of the pipe, and means for comparing the value of the density dry delivered by the calculation means with a corresponding dry density value optimum compaction of the backfill.
- FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of an embankment, designated by the general reference numeral 10, in which a pipe 12 runs.
- the embankment 10 has two zones one of which, 14, constitutes a foundation for a roadway 16 and the other of which, 18, constitutes a zone for coating the pipe 12.
- FIG 1 there is also shown a compaction control apparatus of the coating zone 18, designated by the general reference numeral 20, and arranged in driving 12.
- This device 20 controls the compaction of the embankment 10 by applying a force F on the internal surface of the wall of the pipe 12 so as to deform it, as shown in phantom in this figure, this deformation being accompanied by a deformation of the embedding zone 18 of the embankment.
- the device calculates the dry density of the embankment from the values of the applied force and the deformation of the embankment, as well as the nature of the latter, then compare the dry density thus calculated with a dry density value corresponding to compaction optimum of the embankment.
- the device 20 comprises, mounted on a chassis 22, means 24 for applying a force to the wall of the pipe 12, and means 26 measuring the deformation resulting from the embankment by measuring the deformation D of the pipe wall.
- the means 24 for applying a force to the wall of the pipe comprise cylinders, 28, 30, 32 and 34 arranged in pairs so that the cylinders 28 and 30 of one pairs exert, in operation, a force on the internal surface of the wall of the line 12 in a direction opposite to that exerted by the jacks 32 and 34 of the other pair.
- the cylinders of each of the pairs are arranged on either side of the measuring means 26.
- They are for example constituted by air jacks capable of exerting a pressure on the pipe in a range from 0 to 10 bars and are preferably double-acting cylinders, i.e. capable of being selectively controlled in traction or in push.
- the jacks 28, 30, 32 and 34 are connected to a member 36 for connecting the cylinders to a pressurized fluid supply source (not shown).
- a pressure sensor 38 is placed in the fluid circuit supplying each actuator, between the connecting member 36 and the latter, in view of measuring the force F applied to the wall of the pipe.
- the means 26 for measuring the deformation of the wall 12 of the pipe comprise two measuring rods 40 and 42 extending in extension one of the other.
- These measuring rods 40 and 42 are conventional type measuring rods, appropriate for the intended use. They will therefore not be described in detail by the after.
- the force F exerted on the pipe is applied by means of two pads lateral 48 and 50 each mounted on the active ends of a cylinder of one of the pairs.
- each shoe 48 and 50 has two opposite end zones. 52 and 54 each provided with a cutout, such as 56, in which one end engages active of a corresponding actuator, and the walls of which are provided with orifices, such as 58, in which engage pins, such as 60, carried by the active end of each cylinder.
- each shoe 48 and 50 is equipped with a roller 64, fixed for example by screwing, with interposition a washer 66, by means of which the force supplied by the jacks is applied to the driving 12.
- Each shoe 48 and 50 as well as each roller 64, and the washer 66 which is attached to it. associated, are pierced with coaxial orifices, such as 68, in which the active tip engages 44 of the measuring means, a spring 70 urging the frustoconical head 46 of the latter resting against the inner face of the corresponding pad 48 and 50.
- Each skate is further equipped with castors, such as 72, oscillating mounted on a support 76 which is mounted on the end zones 52 and 54 of each shoe.
- control device which has just been described is supplemented by a central unit processing (not shown) to which the measuring means 26 are connected as well as the pressure sensor 38.
- This central unit can be placed on the chassis where it can be placed remotely, outside the pipe 12. It comprises, stored in memory of the calculation algorithms allowing the control of the compaction of the embankment, as described in detail above.
- pads 78 and 80 equip the chassis 22 on which the device rests in driving. Alternatively, these pads can be replaced by rollers.
- the device 20 should be placed in line 12.
- the jacks are piloted so that they apply a force F in two diametrically opposite zones of the pipe, of so as to ovalize its cross-section, as shown in Figure 1.
- the central processing unit receives as input the value D of the consecutive displacement of the wall 12 of the pipe, which represents the value of the deformation of the embankment.
- the stiffness of the embankment is calculated from a calculation of the overall stiffness R of driving, by establishing the relationship between the value F of the force applied and the value D of the resulting deformation.
- the central unit calculates the elastic modulus E s from the overall stiffness R and the stiffness proper to the pipe, according to the following relationship: in which : D m denotes the mean diameter of the pipe, and designates the centered reduced stiffness of the pipe defined by the relation: R c denoting the proper stiffness of the pipe in the open air depending on the nature of the material used for the backfill, equal for example to R / 5 for a cast iron pipe, this proper stiffness can be measured directly or calculated from the mechanical characteristics of the pipe.
- Optimum Proctor Since optimum compaction is obtained when the value of the dry density reaches a maximum value, known as "Optimum Proctor", it is then simply necessary to compare the dry density ⁇ d calculated with a density value corresponding to the Optimum Proctor , from a set of dry densities stored in memory in the central processing unit each corresponding to optimum compaction of the fill, for a type of material capable of entering into the constitution of the fill.
- the cylinders 28, 30, 32 and 34 are ordered in traction so as to exert a force exerted against the force exerted by the spring 70, to reposition the pads 48 and 50 in the standby position, in which the rollers 72 are applied against the wall of the pipe 12.
- the device can then be easily moved to another location control.
- rollers 64 preferably have the shape of a disc, the diameter is substantially equal to 1/10 of the diameter of the pipe in order to maintain a mechanical similarity with the models used for establishing the mentioned relationships previously allowing the calculation of the dry density.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
- Pipeline Systems (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- appliquer un effort sur le remblai de manière à obtenir une déformation résultante de ce dernier,
- mesurer la déformation du remblai,
- calculer le module élastique du remblai à partir de l'effort appliqué et de la déformation mesurée,
- déterminer la densité sèche du remblai à partir du module élastique calculé et de la nature du remblai, et
- comparer la densité sèche calculée avec une valeur de densité sèche correspondant à un compactage optimum du remblai,
- les moyens pour appliquer un effort sur la paroi de la conduite comportent au moins un vérin, et l'appareil comporte en outre un capteur de pression disposé dans le circuit fluidique d'alimentation du ou de chaque vérin et raccordé à l'unité centrale de traitement ;
- il comporte deux groupes d'au moins un vérin, le ou les vérins de l'un des groupes exerçant, en fonctionnement, un effort selon un sens opposé à celui exercé par le ou les vérins de l'autre groupe ;
- chaque groupe de vérins comporte une paire de vérins disposés de part et d'autre des moyens de mesure de la déformation de la conduite ;
- il comporte deux patins d'appui sur la surface interne de la paroi de la conduite montés chacun sur les extrémités actives des vérins de l'une des paires de vérins ;
- chaque patin comporte deux zones d'extrémités opposées munies chacune de moyens de montage sur un vérin et une zone médiane sur la face externe de laquelle est monté un galet d'application de l'effort sur la conduite ;
- chaque galet et chaque patin sont pourvus d'un orifice pour le passage des moyens de mesure de la déformation de la paroi de la conduite ;
- chaque galet a une forme de disque dont le diamètre est sensiblement égal à un dixième du diamètre de la conduite.
- la figure 1 est une vue schématique montrant une section en coupe transversale d'un remblai avant et après déformation,
- la figure 2 est une vue en perspective partiellement éclatée d'un appareil de contrôle du compactage du remblai de la figure 1.
Dm désigne le diamètre moyen de la conduite, et
désigne la raideur réduite centrée de la conduite définie par la relation : Rc désignant la raideur propre de la conduite à l'air libre dépendant de la nature du matériau utilisé pour le remblai, égale par exemple à R / 5 pour une conduite en fonte, cette raideur propre pouvant être mesurée directement ou calculée à partir des caractéristiques mécaniques de la conduite.
p' désigne la pression effective régnant dans le sol, à la profondeur de la conduite, et
A est un coefficient qui dépend de la nature du remblai.
Claims (11)
- Procédé de contrôle du compactage d'un remblai (10) d'enrobage d'une conduite (12), comportant les étapes consistant à :appliquer un effort (F) sur le remblai (10) de manière à obtenir une déformation (D) résultante de ce dernier,mesurer la déformation (D) du remblai,calculer le module élastique du remblai (10) à partir de l'effort appliqué et de la déformation mesurée,déterminer la densité sèche du remblai (10) à partir du module élastique calculé et de la nature du remblai, etcomparer la densité sèche calculée avec une valeur de densité sèche correspondant à un compactage optimum du remblai,
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'étape d'application de l'effort sur le remblai (10) consiste à exercer un effort radial sur deux zones diamétralement opposées de la paroi de la conduite de manière à rendre sensiblement ovale sa section en coupe transversale.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que l'étape de calcul du module élastique du remblai (10) comporte les étapes consistant à calculer la raideur du remblai, par calcul du rapport entre la valeur de l'effort (F) appliqué et la valeur de la déformation (D) résultante, et à calculer le module d'élasticité du remblai (10) à partir de la raideur calculée.
- Appareil de contrôle du compactage d'un remblai (10) d'enrobage d'une conduite (12), pour la mise en oeuvre d'un procédé de contrôle selon l'une quelconque des revendications là 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens (24) pour appliquer un effort sur la paroi de la conduite (12) de manière à la déformer, des moyens de mesure (26) de la déformation (D) résultante de la paroi de la conduite (12) et une unité centrale de traitement à laquelle sont raccordés lesdits moyens de mesure (26) et comportant des moyens de calcul de la densité sèche du remblai (10) à partir des valeurs de l'effort (F) appliqué et de la déformation (D) résultante de la paroi de la conduite (12), et des moyens de comparaison de la valeur de la densité sèche délivrée par les moyens de calcul avec une valeur de densité sèche correspondant à un compactage optimum du remblai (10).
- Appareil de contrôle selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que les moyens (24) pour appliquer un effort sur la paroi de la conduite (12) comportent au moins un vérin (28,30,32,34), et en ce qu'il comporte en outre un capteur de pression (38) disposé dans le circuit fluidique d'alimentation du ou de chaque vérin et raccordé à l'unité centrale de traitement.
- Appareil de contrôle selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte deux groupes d'au moins un vérin, le ou les vérins de l'un des groupes exerçant, en fonctionnement, un effort (F) selon un sens opposé à celui exercé par le ou les vérins de l'autre groupe.
- Appareil de contrôle selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que chaque groupe de vérins comporte une paire de vérins disposés de part et d'autre des moyens de mesure de la déformation de la conduite.
- Appareil de contrôle selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte deux patins (48,50) d'appui sur la surface interne de la paroi de la conduite (12) montés chacun sur les extrémités actives des vérins et de l'une des paires de vérins.
- Appareil de contrôle selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que chaque patin (48,50) comporte deux zones d'extrémités opposées (52,54) munies chacune de moyens (58) de montage sur un vérin et une zone médiane (62) sur la face externe de laquelle est monté un galet (64) d'application de l'effort sur la conduite.
- Appareil de contrôle selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que chaque galet et chaque patin (48,50) sont pourvus d'un orifice (68) pour le passage des moyens de mesure (26) de la déformation de la paroi de la conduite.
- Appareil de contrôle selon l'une des revendications 9 et 10, caractérisé en ce que chaque galet (64) a une forme de disque dont le diamètre est sensiblement égal à un dixième du diamètre de la conduite.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9813694 | 1998-10-30 | ||
FR9813694A FR2785310B1 (fr) | 1998-10-30 | 1998-10-30 | Procede et appareil de controle du compactage d'un remblai |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0997609A1 true EP0997609A1 (fr) | 2000-05-03 |
EP0997609B1 EP0997609B1 (fr) | 2004-01-21 |
Family
ID=9532224
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99402610A Expired - Lifetime EP0997609B1 (fr) | 1998-10-30 | 1999-10-21 | Procédé et appareil de contrôle du compactage d'un remblai |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6389905B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0997609B1 (fr) |
AR (1) | AR021027A1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE258270T1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69914281T2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2215367T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2785310B1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2871570B1 (fr) * | 2004-06-10 | 2006-09-29 | Paris Eaux Gestion | Dispositif de mesure de la rigidite d'une paroi et procede correspondant |
US9264147B2 (en) * | 2010-03-24 | 2016-02-16 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Method and apparatus for phase shift keyed optical communications |
JP6909025B2 (ja) * | 2017-03-23 | 2021-07-28 | 大成建設株式会社 | 地盤改良体の測定装置および評価試験方法 |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1246961A (en) * | 1967-10-04 | 1971-09-22 | Plessey Co Ltd | Improvements in or relating to the measurement of the wall thickness of tubular members |
JPS62165134A (ja) * | 1986-01-17 | 1987-07-21 | Taisei Corp | トンネル掘削における地山応力の測定方法 |
DE3712455A1 (de) * | 1987-04-11 | 1988-10-27 | Manfred Mueller | Verdichtungspruefgeraet |
US5042595A (en) * | 1990-02-05 | 1991-08-27 | La Corporation De L'ecole Polytechnique | Method and device for in-situ determination of rheological properties of earth materials |
JPH0813458A (ja) * | 1994-06-27 | 1996-01-16 | Shimizu Corp | Ri法による測定溝の掘削装置および該掘削装置を用いた測定装置 |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS59102009A (ja) * | 1982-12-02 | 1984-06-12 | Samu Denshi Kikai:Kk | 原位置における動的地盤剪断試験の方法 |
US4650367A (en) * | 1983-11-30 | 1987-03-17 | Dietzler Daniel P | Internally reinforced extruded plastic pipe |
US4733567A (en) * | 1986-06-23 | 1988-03-29 | Shosei Serata | Method and apparatus for measuring in situ earthen stresses and properties using a borehole probe |
US5105650A (en) * | 1990-03-08 | 1992-04-21 | Gas Research Institute | Monitoring compaction of backfill |
US5576485A (en) * | 1995-04-03 | 1996-11-19 | Serata; Shosei | Single fracture method and apparatus for simultaneous measurement of in-situ earthen stress state and material properties |
-
1998
- 1998-10-30 FR FR9813694A patent/FR2785310B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-10-21 EP EP99402610A patent/EP0997609B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-10-21 DE DE69914281T patent/DE69914281T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-10-21 ES ES99402610T patent/ES2215367T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-10-21 AT AT99402610T patent/ATE258270T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-10-29 US US09/429,483 patent/US6389905B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-10-29 AR ARP990105479A patent/AR021027A1/es active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1246961A (en) * | 1967-10-04 | 1971-09-22 | Plessey Co Ltd | Improvements in or relating to the measurement of the wall thickness of tubular members |
JPS62165134A (ja) * | 1986-01-17 | 1987-07-21 | Taisei Corp | トンネル掘削における地山応力の測定方法 |
DE3712455A1 (de) * | 1987-04-11 | 1988-10-27 | Manfred Mueller | Verdichtungspruefgeraet |
US5042595A (en) * | 1990-02-05 | 1991-08-27 | La Corporation De L'ecole Polytechnique | Method and device for in-situ determination of rheological properties of earth materials |
JPH0813458A (ja) * | 1994-06-27 | 1996-01-16 | Shimizu Corp | Ri法による測定溝の掘削装置および該掘削装置を用いた測定装置 |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 012, no. 002 (P - 652) 7 January 1988 (1988-01-07) * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1996, no. 05 31 May 1996 (1996-05-31) * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2215367T3 (es) | 2004-10-01 |
FR2785310B1 (fr) | 2001-01-26 |
FR2785310A1 (fr) | 2000-05-05 |
AR021027A1 (es) | 2002-06-12 |
ATE258270T1 (de) | 2004-02-15 |
DE69914281D1 (de) | 2004-02-26 |
EP0997609B1 (fr) | 2004-01-21 |
US6389905B1 (en) | 2002-05-21 |
DE69914281T2 (de) | 2004-11-25 |
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Legal Events
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PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
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