EP0994045B1 - Method and device for dissolving solidified bulk material in a silo - Google Patents

Abstract

To break up agglomerated loose material, in a cone section (15) of a hopper (10) or bunker and the like, a swing member (25) is over the discharge opening (18'). A number of wire cables (14), on elastic suspension mountings, are aligned along the line of the conical hopper wall (16) down to the swing member (25), through the hopper contents. When the swing member (25) turns round the vertical axis (Y), the wires apply a rubbing, scraping or digging action to break down the material for discharge. The swing member (25) is operated by a drive assembly (70) to swing to and fro round the vertical axis (Y).

Description

The invention relates to a method and an apparatus to dissolve solidified accumulations of a powder or granular bulk material in a container, in particular for a conical towards a discharge opening tapered container in which the bulk material of at least one that can be brought into engagement and around the Container longitudinal axis rotatably driven conveyor element closable discharge opening supplied and if necessary is carried out.

From US-A 2,576,620 for receiving and dispensing dry feed one with a cylindrical one and one in the direction of a closable outlet shaft conically tapering Container part provided silo container known, which in the interior one with one end on the upper container bottom and the other end to one with a drive shaft operatively connected swivel link attached chain and an opposite pendulum arm arranged on the swivel link has, the approximately fibrous dry food when rotating Drive shaft on the one hand with the chain and on the other hand with the due to the centrifugal force from an approximately vertical rest position pivoted into an approximately horizontal plane Pendulum arm loosened and falling over one additionally connected to the conical container part Line is sucked in and along the enamelled inner wall of the container slides into the discharge chute for discharge. By means of the rotatably driven pivot member arranged and around the longitudinal axis approximately along the inner wall of the container swiveling in a circle and the chain can simultaneously swing pendulum arm in the horizontal plane exclusively fibrous materials, such as dry food or the like loosened and that on the conical container part arranged outlet shaft are fed. A crushing the relatively loose dry food through a friction, Scratching or scraping effect by means of the chain and the pendulum arm is not provided here and because of the fibrous The quality of the dry feed is also not necessary.

Silo containers for bunkering and discharging powdery or granular bulk materials are well known, wherein the mostly used containers with one tapering towards a discharge opening trained section and a closure device arranged thereon are provided, which are opened as required or is closed. Appropriate means to dissolve the particular in the conical section of the container formed and solidified material accumulations not provided in the known containers.

Starting from one for bunkering and discharging a powdered one or granular bulk containers is the object of the invention, a method and to provide a device for carrying out the method, by means of which it is possible to build up piles formed in the container of the solidified bulk material without structural and crushing quality-dependent changes gently, so that a largely continuous discharge of the bulk material is guaranteed.

The method according to the invention is characterized by several in the interior of the container in the circumferential direction at a distance towards each other and towards the inside wall of the container Removal elements, each with the first one End above the discharge opening on the inside of the container attached and with the other second end with one around the vertical container axis back and forth driven swivel link are so operatively connected that as a result of the relative to the container inner wall oriented movements of the pivot member bulk accumulation by one of the individual Removal elements caused friction, scratching or grazing for the discharge is crushed.

The device according to the invention for carrying out the method is characterized by a in the conical section arranged swivel member of the container and several along of the container inner wall oriented removal elements, which in Distributed circumferentially to each other with one end at the Swivel link and with the other end on the inner wall of the container are attached, which is via a locking device penetrating shaft with at least one drive unit active swivel link to achieve one of the individual removal elements caused friction, scratch or Scrapping effect around the longitudinal axis of the container relative to the inner wall of the container is movable back and forth.

There is the possibility with the device according to the invention relatively large with relatively little effort Areas of the. Brush the inner wall of the container and thus also for bulk materials with critical flow behavior to dissolve and remove possible accumulations respectively to avoid the formation of any accumulations. On Another advantage is that the inventive Device even without existing silo containers special effort can be retrofitted.

Further features of the invention result from the following Description in connection with the drawing and the individual claims.

Fig.1

einzelne schematisch dargestellte und beim Bunkern beziehungsweise beim Eintragen von Schüttgütern in einem Behälter gemäss der Figuren 1A bis 1D gebildete Materialanhäufungen;

Fig.2

ein als erste Variante und im Schnitt dargestelltes Teilstück eines Behälters mit einer darin angeordneten sowie mit einem Antrieb wirkverbundenen Vorrichtung zum Auflösen und Entfernen der Schüttgutanhäufungen;

Fig.2A

ein als zweite Variante sowie räumlich und in grösserem Massstab dargestelltes Teilstück eines Behälters mit zugeordnetem Antrieb für die damit wirkverbundene Vorrichtung zum Auflösen und Entfernen der Schüttgutanhäufungen;

Fig.3

einen als dritte Variante dargestellten Behälter mit oben und/oder unten angeordnetem Antrieb für die damit wirkverbundene Vorrichtung zum Auflösen und Entfernen der Schüttgutanhäufungen;

Fig.4

ein räumlich dargestelltes erstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Schwenkgliedes für die im Behälter gemäss Fig.2 und Fig.3 angeordnete Vorrichtung zum Auflösen und Entfernen der Schüttgutanhäufungen;

Fig.4A

ein räumlich dargestelltes zweites Ausführungsbeispiel des Schwenkgliedes für die im Behälter gemäss Fig.2A angeordnete Vorrichtung zum Auflösen und Entfernen der Schüttgutanhäufungen;

Fig.5

eine an der Innenwand des Behälters angeordnete und in Draufsicht dargestellte Halterung für ein mit dem Schwenkglied wirkverbundenes Abtragelement;

Fig.6

die gemäss der Linie VI-VI in Fig.5 in Ansicht dargestellte Halterung für das mit dem Schwenkglied wirkverbundene Abtragelement;

Fig.7

eine räumlich dargestellte Verschlussvorrichtung für den Behälter mit seitlich herausgezogen dargestellten Einschüben;

Fig.8

zwei in Draufsicht dargestellte und mit einer Durchtrittsöffnung versehene Einschübe für die Verschlussvorrichtung gemäss Fig.7;

Fig.9

ein schematisch und in Ansicht dargestelltes Austragsgehäuse für den Behälter gemäss Fig.2;

Fig.10

ein schematisch und als Abwicklung dargestelltes Teilstück der Behälterwand mit den einzelnen daran sowie an dem Schwenkglied gemäss Fig.5 angeordneten Abtragelementen zum Auflösen und Entfernen der Schüttgutanhäufungen;

Fig.11

ein Teilstück des länglichen Abtragelements mit daran in axialer Richtung desselben im Abstand zueinander angeordneten sowie jeweils mit sägezahnförmigen Vorsprüngen versehenen Klemmstücken; und

Fig.12

einen an dem Schwenkglied gemäss Fig.4 beziehungsweise Fig.4A angeordneten Entlastungskörper zum Verteilen des in den Behälter einfüllbaren Schüttgutes.

Embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the drawing. It shows:

Fig.1

individual material depictions schematically shown and formed during the bunkering or during the introduction of bulk goods in a container according to FIGS. 1A to 1D;

Fig.2

a section of a container shown as a first variant and in section with a device arranged therein and operatively connected to a drive for dissolving and removing the bulk material accumulations;

2A

a as a second variant and spatially and on a larger scale section of a container with an associated drive for the device connected to it for dissolving and removing the bulk accumulations;

Figure 3

a container shown as a third variant with a drive arranged at the top and / or at the bottom for the device operatively connected therewith for dissolving and removing the bulk material accumulations;

Figure 4

a spatially represented first embodiment of a pivoting member for the device arranged in the container according to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 for dissolving and removing the bulk material accumulations;

4A

a spatially represented second embodiment of the swivel member for the device arranged in the container according to FIG. 2A for dissolving and removing the bulk accumulations;

Figure 5

a arranged on the inner wall of the container and shown in plan view holder for a removal element operatively connected to the pivot member;

Figure 6

the holder shown according to the line VI-VI in Figure 5 in view for the removal element operatively connected to the pivot member;

Figure 7

a spatially shown closure device for the container with inserts shown laterally pulled out;

Figure 8

two inserts for the closure device according to FIG. 7 shown in plan view and provided with a passage opening;

Figure 9

a schematically and shown in view discharge housing for the container according to Figure 2;

Figure 10

a schematically and as a settlement section of the container wall with the individual removal elements arranged thereon and on the pivoting element according to FIG. 5 for dissolving and removing the bulk accumulations;

Figure 11

a portion of the elongated ablation element with the same in the axial direction at a distance from each other and each provided with sawtooth-shaped projections; and

Figure 12

a relief body arranged on the swivel member according to FIG. 4 or FIG. 4A for distributing the bulk material that can be filled into the container.

In Figure 1 are for general illustration and explanation the problem of individual when bunkering powder or granular materials, possibly resulting designs of bulk solids is shown schematically. The accumulations can automatically when loading the container and often come into being without external influence then noticed when discharging the bunkered material is partially or completely blocked. To achieve a flawless and continuous material discharge the accumulations are manually removed by appropriate means the container wall detached and at least shredded so that the exit of the shredded material through, for example Guaranteed opening at the bottom of the container is. The opening is formed by an appropriately trained Lockable device. In Figures 1A to 1D is shown in the following with 1 of the containers, with 2 the Opening and designated 6 the accumulated bulk material.

1A shows, for example, an accumulation of the bulk material 6 in the container 1, which is in the form of a relative stable vault 3 has formed above the opening 2 and closes them approximately in a bridge shape. Such bridging arises especially with coarse-grained materials, in which an approximately form-fitting connection of the granular Individual particles can arise.

1B shows one on the inner side walls of the container 1 adhesive accumulation of the bulk material 6 with largely centrally formed over the opening 2 shaft 4, which in Cross section corresponds approximately to the opening 2. However, it does exist also the possibility that due to special properties different configurations of the bulk material, for example, accumulations with not exclusive vertical structure arise, creating the side walls of the container adversely impacted additionally on bending become.

When collapsed in such a way and in Fig.1A and Fig.1B there are schematically illustrated bridges 3 or shafts 4 furthermore the possibility of that through appropriate compression of the bulk material falling into any cavities, bridges or the like which obstruct the flow of the bulk material arise. There is also the possibility that the falling and airborne material such as a liquid (water) falls out of the container while doing so with corresponding, undesirable dust generation in the lower Discharge elements arranged in the area of the container are damaged.

Furthermore, so-called Bulk cone 5 or 5 'with approximately convex shape according to Fig.1C or concave shape according to Fig.1D arise. There is also the possibility that a division of the bulk material according to grain size or grain density, the coarse grain particles 6 'in the outer area of the container 1 can get while the fine-grained Material 6 "in the form of a shaft accumulates in the center. When emptying the container is thus disadvantageous First discharge the fine-grained and then of the coarse-grained bulk material.

2 shows as a first variant a section shown Section of a container 10 with the interior 10 ', the Container 10, for example, with one in the direction of an outlet opening 18 'tapered section 15 is provided. At the conical section 15 is the outlet side a cylindrical section 17 and one with the Outlet 18 'provided flange 18 and attached. A closure device is also on the flange 18 50 and one for receiving and storing one Drive unit 70 formed discharge housing 65 arranged.

The drive unit 70 shown schematically in FIG. 2 comprises essentially a motor 71, which over a first Shaft 72, which is operatively connected to it and in a gear housing 77 arranged drive chain 73 with one in one Head piece 75 mounted second shaft 74 in operative connection stands. Instead of the chain 73, other drive means, for example a drive belt, not shown, a rack or the like can be used. At the a second flange 74, a first flange 76 is arranged, which via a second flange 33 and a shaft 30 with a discharge side in the interior 15 'of the conical section 15 arranged pivot member 25 is operatively connected. The drive unit 70 is designed in this way and on the discharge housing 65 arranged so that the pivot member 25 and one that is operatively connected to it and consists of several removal elements 14 formed removal device 20 about a vertical axis Y in Arrow direction Y 'rotatable, preferably oscillating back and forth is movable here. That for the installation and storage of the drive unit 70 trained discharge housing 65 will later in Connection described with Fig.9.

To remove or remove a possible The cluster described above in connection with Figures 1A to 1D of the bulk material is in the container 10, preferably the removal device in the interior 15 'of the conical section 15 20 arranged. The removal device 20 comprises, as shown in Fig.2, the lower discharge area of the interior 15 'arranged pivot member 25 and several elongated removal elements 14. The individual in the longitudinal direction abrasion-elastic removal element 14 is with one End on a suitably trained and on the inside 16 'of the wall 16 arranged bracket 12 releasably attached. At the other end, the individual removal element is 14 either directly on the pivot member 25 or on one of them arranged hanger 24 releasably attached.

As shown schematically in Figure 2, are in the area the transition 11 'from the cylindrical wall 11 to the conical wall 16 on the inside 16 'several in the circumferential direction spaced brackets 12 arranged and attached with means not shown. On each bracket 12 has a removal element 14 releasably attached. In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, the Removal elements 14 with the interposition of a spring element 13 attached to the associated bracket 12. The spring element 13 is with a first, integrally formed hook part 13 ' the bracket 12 hung and with a second hook part 13 "with the appropriately designed end of the removal element 14 connected. The individual removal elements 14 are of this type arranged on the brackets 12 and on the pivot member 25 and kept this at a distance, preferably in parallel distance to the inside 16 'of the wall 16 of the conical Section 15 are arranged.

In the embodiment shown in Figure 2 is as Abtragelement 14 a relatively flexible wire rope or the like provided which with the one end with interposition the spring 13 on the bracket 12 and with the other end by means of the link 24 on the pivot member 25 is attached. The pivot member 25 is around with the container 10 and the conical section 15 common vertical axis Y in the direction of arrow Y 'of the assigned Drive unit 70 can be moved about oscillating back and forth.

At this point it should be noted that as an elongated Removal element 14 also limited in length stretchy and automatic due to its own elasticity rope that can be returned to its original length or the like can be used. There is also the possibility that as a removal element 14 a not shown Chain, for example a steel chain can be provided can, which with one end interposed the spring 13 on the bracket 12 and with the other end approximately oscillating about the vertical axis A in the direction of the arrow Y ' back and forth movable pivot member 25 is attached.

As further shown in Fig. 2 there is also the possibility that the individual in the longitudinal direction of the inside 16 ' the wall 16 oriented removal elements 14 by several in Intermediate elements 14 'arranged at a distance from one another are connected. The individual removal elements 14 and intermediate links 14 'form an approximately net-like shape of the whole covering the inner lateral surface of the conical section 15 Removal device 20.

In a further embodiment according to FIG. 11 are on the elongated removal elements 14 of the individual removal device 20, 120 or 220 (Fig. 2,3,4A) several in the longitudinal direction spaced clamping pieces 19 arranged with attached means not shown. The single clamp 19 is laterally projecting and, for example, sawtooth-shaped trained projections 19 ', 19 "provided by which is a material accumulation in the interior respectively in the conical section 15, 115, 215 of the container 10, 110 or 210 can be crushed for discharge.

2A shows a spatially represented second variant Section of a container 210, which one in the direction of a Outlet opening 218 'is conically tapered Has section 215. In Figure 2A, section 215 is partial shown broken up and you can see the interior 215 'and the wall 216. At the conical section 215 is furthermore a cylindrical section 217 and one Flange 218 arranged. The flange 218 is not shown in FIG shown a parts 45,45 'and 46,46' and 53, 54, 55 and 55 'comprising closure device 50, which will be explained in more detail later with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8 is described.

2A also shows a drive unit 270, which with a arranged below the closure device 50 and here only partially shown swivel device 250 is connected. The swivel device 250 stands over a shaft 230 with a conical in the interior 215 ' Section 215 arranged pivot member 225 (Fig.4A) in operative connection.

The drive unit 270 shown in FIG. 2A comprises a stored in a block 265 and with a piston 261 provided cylinder 260. At the front free end of the in Dependence of the pressurization according to the double arrow Z displaceable piston 261, a bearing part 262 is arranged, which via a first hinge pin 263 with a fork piece 240 of the swivel device 250 is operatively connected. The Fork piece 240 is at the front end of a pivot lever 236 arranged, which is essentially coaxial with the interior 215 'of the conical section 215 arranged shaft 230 and the pivot member 225 (Fig.4A) is operatively connected. That for Storage of the working cylinder 260 provided and trained Block piece 265 is between two through a space 269 spaced supports 267 and 267 'and not around shown vertical axis of a second hinge pin 264 can be swiveled in the horizontal plane according to the double arrow direction X. The first carrier 267 for the working cylinder 260 is by means of Screw connections 268 on the upper plate 45 and the second bracket 267 'together with an intermediate piece 266 in not shown on the lower plate 45 'of the closure device 50 attached.

In a further embodiment of the drive unit 270 there is a possibility that at the front end of the working cylinder 260 on the piston 261 a rack or the like is arranged for the power transmission. The not shown Rack stands with one on a control ring 235 (Fig.4A) provided external teeth (not shown) the swivel device 250 in operative connection. By the movement of the piston oriented in the double arrow direction Z. 261 and the tangentially with the control ring 235 in engagement standing rack can do this in the interior 215 'of the conical Section 215 arranged pivot member 225 (Fig.4A) around the vertical axis Y of the shaft 230 back and forth in the direction of the arrow Y ' be moved here.

At this point it is pointed out that further configurations of the drive elements for the power transmission the pivoting member which can be moved back and forth about the vertical axis Y. 225 (Fig.4A) are also within the scope of the invention.

3 shows a further exemplary embodiment schematically shown container 110, which is essentially the with the wall 116 provided conical section 115 and the Removal device 120 arranged in the interior 115 'of the same includes. The removal device 120 is essentially analog the ablation device described above in connection with Fig.2 20 formed and with several in the circumferential direction distributed removal elements 114 Mistake. Deviating from the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2 is the drive unit 170 in the variant according to FIG. 3 arranged on top of a cover flange 109 of the container 110. Attached to the container 110 by means not shown Flange 109 is also a filler neck 108 is arranged. In the outlet side, with an outlet opening 118 ' provided area of the conical portion 115 is a Swivel member 125 arranged. The pivot member 125 is different of the pivot member 25 according to Figure 2 with a schematic coupling piece 125 'shown. The above drive unit 170 arranged on the cover flange 109 is the interior 110 ', 115' of the container 110, 115 shaft 130 penetrating in the axial direction with the coupling piece 125 'of the swivel link 125 operatively connected. The Swivel member 125 and the removal device connected to it 120 is about the vertical axis Y of the shaft 130 in Arrow direction Y 'can be moved back and forth in an oscillating manner. The on the outlet side of the flange of the conical Part 115 arranged locking device 50 (Fig.7.8) and the discharge housing 65 (FIG. 9) is analog, for example the embodiment shown in Fig.2.

In a further variant, shown schematically in FIG. 3 However, there is also the possibility that the drive unit 170 'at the bottom of the one provided with a cover flange 109' Discharge housing 65 is arranged. The drive unit 170 'is vertical via a discharge housing 65 Direction of penetrating shaft 130 'with the coupling piece 125 'of the basket-shaped pivot member 125 operatively connected. The bulk material is discharged here, for example via a provided on the side of the discharge housing 65 Discharge opening, not shown.

There is also the possibility that the in the container 110 with the conical section 115 arranged removal device 120 synchronously from both drive units 170 and 170 'via the shaft 130 and 130' operatively connected to it common vertical axis Y oscillating approximately in the direction of arrow Y ' is driven to move back and forth. This variant is particularly applicable when the Bulk accumulations of relatively large forces are required.

4 shows the spatial embodiment shown as the first exemplary embodiment Swivel member 25 for in the conical section 15 of the container 10 arranged removal device 20. The im essentially basket-shaped and in the direction of the outlet opening 18 '(Fig.2) tapered pivot member 25 has a first circular ring 26 and one at a distance arranged second circular ring 27, wherein the second ring 27 is smaller in diameter than the first ring 26 is formed. The two rings 26 and 27 are through at least two webs 28, 28 'arranged diametrically to one another connected with each other. In the illustrated embodiment are the rings 26,27 by means of several in the circumferential direction in equal distances from each other arranged webs 28,28 'and 29,29 'interconnected. Starting from the first, larger one Have ring 26 in the direction of the second, smaller ring 27 the webs 28, 28 'and 29, 29' have an angle of inclination α ', which is preferably analogous to the angle of inclination α of the wall 16 of the conical section 15 (Fig.2) is formed. The first Ring 26 is still with several in the circumferential direction distributed to each other and each to accommodate the Hook member 24 (Fig.2) formed holes 26 '. The shaft 30 is at the top by two and the first Ring 26 attached first struts 31,31 'and on the lower End by two struts 32, 32 'fastened to the second ring 27 arranged coaxially in the pivot member 25. At the bottom stands the shaft 30 by means of the two flanges 33, 67 and Headpiece 75 with the belt or chain 73 of the drive unit 70 in operative connection (Fig. 2).

In Fig.4A is a second, spatially illustrated embodiment of the pivot member 225 for in the container 210 arranged according to FIG. 2A and with the removal elements 214 provided removal device 220 for removing the bulk accumulations shown. The pivot member 225 is essentially analogous to that described above in connection with Fig.4 Swivel member 25 is formed and can be seen with the in Holes 226 'spaced apart from one another are provided Ring 226, the second ring spaced apart 227, the webs 228,228 'and 229,229' arranged between them as well as the shaft 230. The shaft 230 is by means of the first Struts 231, 231 'with the upper ring 226 and by means of the second Struts 232, 232 'are operatively connected to the lower ring 227.

Deviating from the first embodiment of the swivel link 25 according to Figure 4 is in the second embodiment of the pivot member 225 according to FIG. 4A, one of several Elements existing swivel device 250 provided. The Swivel device 250 comprises a circular ring Control body 235, which is between an upper Ring body 245 and a lower ring body 248 arranged is. The control body 235 and the two ring bodies 245 and 248 are preferred on the mutually facing sliding surfaces provided with a seal 245 ', 248'. Can continue the two ring bodies 245 and 248 via an annular Tongue-and-groove connection (not shown) with the annular Control body 235 are connected and sealed against each other. The control ring 235 is by means of the inside 235 ' arranged and distributed in the circumferential direction of the support arms 234, 234 'and 234 "and an associated hub piece 233 operatively connected to the shaft 230 of the pivot member 225. At the The outer circumference of the control ring 235 is the pivot lever 236 arranged, which over the attached fork piece 240th with the bearing part arranged on the piston 261 of the working cylinder 260 262 is connected (Fig. 2A). The fork piece 240 has two each spaced by a space 239 provided with a bore 237,237 'for the hinge pin 263 Sections 238,238 '.

On the two ring bodies 245 and 248 are on the outer circumference tabs 244, 244 ', 244 "and 249.249 ', 249 "provided. The upper tabs 244.244', 244" of the first ring body 245 are, for example, with a threaded bore 241 (identified only once), the lower tabs 249, 249 ', 249 "of the second ring body 248, respectively with a through hole 241 '(only designated once) are provided. Between the individual tabs 244, 244 ', 244 "and 249.249 ', 249" of the two ring bodies 245 and 248 an intermediate member designed as a rolling element, preferably a ball bearing 246 (shown only once) is arranged. The ball bearing 246 is on a bolt 243 around it unspecified vertical axis rotatably mounted. The bolt 243 is in the threaded bore with the upper end 243 ' 241 of the tab 244 screwed in. At the bottom of the bolt 243 is supported by and through lower tab 249 a compression spring 247 held by a nut 242 is arranged. through distributed in the circumferential direction between the two ring bodies 245 and 248 arranged ball bearings 246 is reached that the one that is operatively connected to the shaft 230 and the swivel member 225 Control ring 235 coaxial with the ring bodies 245 and 248 arranged and by means of the shaft 230 about the vertical axis Y the same can be moved back and forth exactly in the direction of the arrow Y ' is.

In Figure 12 is a swivel link as a further embodiment 25 ', 125', 225 'shown in view, which each analogous to the swivel link 25 according to FIG. 4 or analogous to that Swivel member 225 is formed according to Fig.4A. deviant of the swivel link 25, 125, 225 according to FIG. 4 or FIG. 4A the pivot member 25 ', 125' or 225 'according to Figure 12 additionally provided with a relief body 23. The example conical relief body 23 is preferred arranged on the two upper struts and in a not shown Way attached to it. In a not shown However, there is also the option that the relief body 23 with the about the vertical axis Y in Arrow direction Y 'about oscillating back and forth Shaft 30 (Fig. 2) or 230 (Fig. 4A) operatively connected to it in is not shown attached.

5 and 6 show one on the inside 16 'of the wall 16 arranged bracket 40 for the individual ablation element 14, 114, 214 of the removal device 20, 120, 220. 5 is the Bracket 40 in plan view and in Figure 6 along the line VI-VI shown in Fig. 5 in view. The following in detail Bracket 40 described can replace the brackets 12 and the spring 13 (Fig.2) for spring-elastic attachment of the individual removal element 14, 114, 214 can be installed. The holder 40 comprises a profile cross section, for example U-shaped support part 39, one arranged thereon and a bearing piece 38 provided with a thread 38 ' and a spring element 35. The spring element 35 is with a cylindrical section 36 consisting of several turns arranged on the bearing piece 38 and for example by a Washer 41 and through one in the thread 38 'of the bearing piece 38 screwed screw 42 secured. The spring element 35 is with a bent end piece 36 'in a correspondingly on Support bracket 39 provided bore 39 'inserted and held. The other section of the spring element 35 is elongated Spring arm 36 "formed, which at the distance to the bearing piece 38 arranged end as a bent eyelet 37 to Hook the individual removal element 14,114,214 formed is. By loosening the screw 42 and removing the washer 41 can the spring element 35 to replace the same easily be removed from the bearing piece 38.

In a variant not shown, the support part 39 with a thread corresponding to the screw 42 and the bearing piece 38 with a through hole, not shown provided, through which the screw 42 passes and in a thread of the support member 39 is screwed. At this There is a possibility that by loosening the Screw 42 the parts 41, 35 and 38 from the one on the inside 16 'of the wall 16 arranged and for example by a The welded support part 39 can be dismantled can.

In Figure 7, the outlet side of the Flange 18 of the conical section 15, 115 or 215 arranged Shutter device 50 shown. The locking device 50 comprises an upper and a lower plate 45 and 45 ', which extend from a centrally arranged passage opening 48 is provided. The two plates 45 and 45 'are through two arranged in between and strip-shaped Intermediate pieces 46 and 46 'are arranged at a distance from one another, that between the plates 45 and 45 'a gap-shaped Space 47 is provided. In the space 47 can be trained from both sides Shut-off element 55 and 55 'are inserted. Still recognizes one arranged at a distance from one another in FIG bores 49 and two plates 45 and 45 ' the upper plate 45 spaced bolts 44th

7 are the two shut-off elements 55 and 55 each with one end on a plate 53 and 53 'arranged handle 54 and 54 '. On the end faces 51 and 51 'of the two Plates 53 and 53 'are each arc-shaped Recess 52 and 52 'arranged, which is analogous to the outer Diameter of the shaft 30, 130 or 230 are formed. In inserted state of the two shut-off elements 55 and 55 ' the two recesses 52 and 52 'enclose the shaft 30, 130 or 230 such that the one with the outlet opening 18 ', 118' or 218 'corresponding passage opening 48 of the closure device 50 is closed.

8 shows two further shut-off elements 60 and 60 'for the Closure device 50, each with a plate 59.59 'and with a handle 57.57' arranged thereon are provided. In each of the two plates 59, 59 'there is a semicircular one Recess 58 ', 58 "arranged. In the inserted State of the two shut-off elements 60, 60 'are opposite one another end faces 61, 61 'of the two plates 59, 59' facing each other, so the two semicircular recesses 58 ', 58 "with one another for the discharge with the outlet opening 18 ', 118' or 218 'corresponding opening 58 form.

9 shows the discharge housing 65 for the container 10 (Fig.2) or container 110 (Fig.3) is shown schematically and one recognizes a hollow cylindrical housing body 66, at each of which a flange at the upper and lower ends 69 and 69 'is arranged and attached. The housing body 66 is laterally with a first recess 67 and opposite provided with a second recess 68. The first, for example to control the outlet opening 18 'and recess provided for mounting the drive unit 70 67 can be closed by a flap 81 and in this Position (Fig. 8) by a suitable locking device 80 lockable. In the illustrated embodiment, the Flap 81 by means of appropriately trained and arranged Hinge members 83.83 'and 85.85' of the locking device 80 pivotable on the housing body in a manner not shown 66 arranged and stored.

The second recess 68 is for inserting and mounting the connected with the drive chain 73 and in the interior 66 'of the housing body 66 arranged head piece 75 (Fig.2) trained. The drive unit partially shown in Fig.9 70 is with a holding plate 78 and not shown Fasteners on the cylindrical housing body 66 arranged. The holding plate 78 for the drive unit 70 is also for closing the second recess 68 designed and corresponding to the outer, cylindrical Shaping of the housing body 66 is formed.

In Fig.10 is to explain the function and mode of operation the individual with the pivot member 25 (not shown) in Connected removal elements 14 (without spring 13) Removal device 20 shown as a schematic development, where E is the connection point of the elongated removal element 14 on the pivot member 25 (Fig.2) and with G the attachment point on the bracket 12 or on the spring arm 36 "of the bracket 40 (Fig.5,6) and with E 'the pivoted Junction E is designated.

By moving the pivot member 25 about the vertical axis of the container Y (Fig.1) is the individual ablation element 14 around the largely fixed connection point G is pivoted from E to E ' and brushes the hatched one Triangular surface F, F1, F2 and F3 on the inside 16 ' the wall 16. When swiveling the large number of removal elements 14 the individual partially overlapping triangular surfaces F, F1, F2 and F3 touched and thereby optimal removal and removing the in the container 10 and conical section 15 formed bulk accumulations reached.

The function and mode of operation of the swivel member 125 operatively connected removal elements 114 according to FIG. 3 or the removal elements operatively connected to the swivel member 225 214 according to FIG. 4A runs analogously to that in FIG Connection with Fig. 10 described function of the swivel link 25 arranged removal elements 14.

The one shown above in connection with the individual figures and described discharge system is not on the illustrated embodiments limited. More appropriate Refinements without the basic idea of the invention (Removing bulk accumulations in a container) to leave are also possible. Here is particular the mode of operation, design and arrangement of the individual resiliently suspended removal elements 14, 114 or 214 thought.

Claims (20)

1. A method for breaking up compacted accumulations of a powdery or granular bulk material in a container, especially for a container (10;110;120) which is provided with an arrangement conically tapering in the direction of a discharge opening (18';118';218'), in which the bulk material can be supplied to the closeable discharge opening by at least one conveying element which can be brought into engagement with the same and is driven rotatably about the longitudinal axis (Y) of the container, and the bulk material can be discharged if required, characterized by several extraction elements (14;114;214) which are oriented in the inner chamber of the container (10;110;210) at a distance from one another in the circumferential direction and in the direction of the inner wall of the container, which extraction elements are each fastened with the one first end above the discharge opening (18';118';218') to the inner wall of the container and are operatively connected with the other second end to a swivelling member (25;125;225) reciprocatingly driven about the vertical container axis (Y) in such a way that as a result of the movements of the swivelling member (25;125;225) oriented relative to the inner wall of the container the accumulations of bulk material are broken up for discharge by a frictional, scratching or excavating action produced by the individual extraction elements (14;114;214).
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the accumulation of bulk material formed in the inner chamber of the container (10;110;210) is broken up for the discharge by a plurality of extraction elements (14;114;214) which are mutually connected in a reticulated manner and are each fastened with the first end to the inner wall of the container and are operatively connected with the other second end to the swivelling member (25;125;225) reciprocatingly driven about the vertical container axis (Y).
3. A method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the swivelling member (25;125;225) which is operatively connected to the individual extraction elements (14;114;214) which are oriented in the longitudinal direction of the inner wall of the container and are fastened thereto is driven reciprocatingly and oscillatingly about the vertical container axis (Y).
4. An apparatus for breaking up compacted accumulations of a powdery or granular bulk material in a container, especially for a container (10;110;210) which is provided with an arrangement conically tapering in the direction of the discharge opening, in which the bulk material can be supplied to a locking apparatus (50) associated to the discharge opening (18';118';218') by at least one conveying element which can be brought into engagement with the same and is rotatably driven about the longitudinal container axis (Y), characterized by a swivelling member (25;25';125;225) disposed in the conical section (15;115;215) of the container (10;110;210) as well as by several extraction elements (14;114;214) which are oriented along the inner wall of the container and are fastened, in a manner being mutually distributed in the circumferential direction, with the one end to the swivelling member (25;25';125;225) and with the other end to the inner wall of the container, with the swivelling member which is operatively connected to at least one drive unit (70;170,170';270) by way of a shaft (30;130,130';230) which penetrates the locking apparatus (50) being movable in a reciprocating manner about the longitudinal axis (Y) of the container relative to the container wall in order to produce a frictional, scratching or excavating action caused by the individual extraction elements.
5. An apparatus as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the swivelling member (25;125;225) is arranged approximately in the shape of a basket and in analogy to the conical section (15;115;215) of the container (10;110;210) and comprises a first ring (26;226), a second ring (27;227) which is spaced therefrom in the axial direction by bridges (28,28',29,29';228,228',229,229'), as well as the shaft (30;130;230) which is disposed and fastened coaxially between the two rings (26,27;226,227).
6. An apparatus as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the individual bridges (28,28',29,29';228,228',229,229') are fastened between the two mutually spaced rings (26,27;226,227) under an angle of inclination (α') which is arranged in analogy to the angle of inclination (α) of the conical section (15;115;215).
7. An apparatus as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the shaft (30;130;230) is coaxially disposed in the swivelling member (25;125;225) by means of struts (31,31', 32,32';131,131',232,232') which are fastened to said shaft and the two mutually spaced rings (26,27;226,227) and is thus operatively connected with the same.
8. An apparatus as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that a relieving body (23) is disposed on the swivelling member (25';125';225), which body is provided with a conical arrangement in the direction of the supply of the material.
9. An apparatus as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the extraction elements (14;114;214) which are disposed at the one end in a mutually distributed way on the swivelling member (25;125;225) are each disposed and held with the respective other end via a spring element (13;35) on a fixing device (12;40) fastened to the inner wall of the container.
10. An apparatus as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the individual extraction elements (14;114;214) which are jointly movable in a reciprocating manner with the swivelling member (25;125;225) about the vertical container axis (Y) are arranged by means of the same, mutually connecting intermediate members (14') which mutually connect one another and are oriented approximately transversally to the vertical container axis (Y) as an extraction apparatus (20;120;220) which covers the jacket surface of the inner wall of the container in a reticulated manner.
11. An apparatus as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that several clamping elements (19) are disposed on and fastened to the individual extraction elements (14;114;214), which clamping elements are spaced in the longitudinal direction of said extraction elements and are provided with laterally projecting projections (19',19") in order to produce the frictional, scratching or excavating effect.
12. An apparatus as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the individual extraction elements (14;114;214) are made of wire cable which is flexible, extensible concerning its length and restorable again by its own elasticity.
13. An apparatus as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the locking apparatus (50) comprises two locking elements (55,55';60,60') which are mutually insertable into the same and are provided with a first and a second semicircular arranged recess (52,52';58',58") and in the inserted state rest either in a sealing manner on the shaft (30;130';230) of the swivelling member (25;125;225) by means of the two first recesses (52,52') or are arranged by means of the two second recesses (58',58") in a manner corresponding to the pass-through opening (48) in connection with the discharge opening (18';118';218') of the container (10;110;210).
14. An apparatus as claimed in claim 4, characterized by a discharge housing (65) which is disposed on the locking apparatus (50) for holding the drive unit (79) which is operatively connected via a head piece (75) with the shaft (30) of the swivelling member (25) which is reciprocatingly movable about the vertical axis (Y).
15. An apparatus as claimed in claims 4 and 14, characterized in that the swivelling member (125) together with the individual extraction elements (114) is reciprocatingly movable by a drive unit (170,170') which is disposed at the top on the container (110) and/or below on the discharge housing (65) and is in operative connection with the shaft (130,130').
16. An apparatus as claimed in claim 4, characterized by a control ring (235) which is in operative connection with the shaft (230) below the swivelling member (225) and which is reciprocatingly movable jointly with the swivelling member (225) about the vertical container axis (Y) by way of a swivelling lever (235) which is attached to said control ring and is in operative connection with the piston (261) of a cylinder (260).
17. An apparatus as claimed in claim 16, characterized in that the control ring (235) is provided on the outer circumference with a toothing, preferably a segment-like external toothing, and a toothed rod is provided on the piston (261) of the cylinder (260) which is tangentially in engagement with the toothing and by means of which the swivelling member (225) can be moved in a reciprocating manner about the vertical container axis (Y).
18. An apparatus as claimed in claims 16 and 17, characterized in that the control ring (235) is disposed between two analogously arranged ring bodies (245,248) which are provided on the outer circumference and arranged at a distance in a mutually corresponding way with brackets (244,244',244";249,249',249") which are each mutually connected by studs (243), with the control ring (235) which is disposed coaxially to the two ring bodies (245,248) being movable in a reciprocating manner relative to the ring bodies (245,248) about the common vertical axis (Y) of the shaft (230) and the container (210).
19. An apparatus as claimed in claim 18, characterized in that between the individual brackets (244,244',244"; 249,249',249") of the two ring bodies (245,248) there is disposed a sliding body (246) which is held on the stud (243) and by means of which the control ring (235) is guided which is movable in a reciprocating manner about the vertical axis (Y) relative to the two ring bodies (245,248).
20. An apparatus as claimed in claims 18 and 19, characterized in that an analogously arranged annular seal (245',248') is each arranged between the mutually facing sliding surfaces of the two ring bodies (245,248) and the control ring (235).

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