EP0993908A2 - Dressing tool for a gearwheel honing tool, gearwheel honing tool and honing machine for such a dressing tool resp. honing tool - Google Patents

Abstract

The honing tool (50) has a hub section for connection to a drive part and peripherally uniformly distributed teeth (52), and the planing tool (56) has a hub section for connection to a bearer spindle and peripheral uniformly distributed teeth (58) with grinding particles, esp. diamond particles. The axial pitch and width of the teeth (58,52) of the planing tool and honing tool are matched so that there are always more than one point of engagement between the tools. Independent claims are also included for a honing tool and a sharpening machine.

Description

The invention relates to a dressing tool for a gear honing tool, a gear honing tool and a honing machine for such a dressing tool or honing tool.

To generate the for low noise and Long service life necessary surface quality of tooth flanks are used in mechanical engineering, especially at Gear manufacturing, used gears in a past Work step honed. The workpiece works during honing together with a honing tool, which in principle is the Shape of a ring gear with for toothing the workpiece has the matching complementary geometry. By the honing tool worn abrasive particles is under dynamic Conditions (rolling and slip) the last desired Finishing of the tooth flanks carried out.

The honing tools wear out during this fine machining of the workpieces and must be carried out at regular intervals in turn be trained. For this you will find dressing tools Use that in their basic geometric relationship stand straight to the honing tool like a workpiece. The dressing tools usually carry in a ring gear section small diamond particles on the outer surface.

Since the known dressing tools essentially the have the same geometry as the workpieces, the honing tools have complementary gear ring sections for this, So far the dressing tools with the honing tools only one at a time Point in contact. Especially when engaging a new tooth results in strong local teeth Loads on the back of the teeth when the teeth are in the through the axes of rotation of the honing tool and dressing tool predetermined center level in intensive engagement with the Teeth of the honing tool come. One therefore observes the known dressing tools one at the axial ends wear of the diamond particles of the teeth, the if you continue to use the dressing tool Continues in the middle of it.

It is therefore necessary to set the dressing tools at intervals to reassign and grind. Find this with diamond grinding wheels working gear grinding machines Use.

If you miss the timely reloading of the dressing tools, so these can no longer be used as the advanced wear reaches one again excludes the target geometry. Diamond dressing tools but are due to their manufacture and material costs ago expensive.

The present invention is therefore based on the object the wear of the dressing tools for gear honing tools to diminish.

This task is solved with a dressing tool the features specified in claim 1.

In the dressing tool according to the invention, the axial division and the width of his teeth so on the axial pitch and adjusted the width of the teeth of the honing tool, that when dressing more than one tooth of the dressing tool engages with the teeth of the honing tool stands.

By increasing the engagement points provided according to the invention between dressing tool and honing tool finds a distribution of the one when it comes into engagement Forces occurring on a larger number of teeth Engagement points instead, so that local wear is reduced becomes. The dressing tools can thus a longer period of time without additional evidence, which done on a gear grinding machine are and will be better used overall. The post-document periods can be enlarged, and since that Assignment of the dressing tools anyway after the farther worn out point must remain Document costs for the dressing tool essentially unchanged. So the gear manufacturer only needs a smaller number of dressing tools in stock hold.

Advantageous developments of the invention are in the Subclaims specified.

With the increase in the minimum number specified in claim 2 simultaneous points of intervention between Dressing tool and honing tool will be another improvement the service life through even more uniform wear of the dressing tool.

As stated at the beginning, the axial division corresponds a honing tool dressing tool usually one of the workpiece to be machined. Ensuring the greater number of engagement points between the dressing tool and honing tool can be used in this usual Equality of the basic geometry of the workpiece and honing tool dressing tool only guarantee if you have the Width (axial dimension) of honing tool and dressing tool enlarged. With the development of the invention according to claim 3 it is achieved that the permanent Multi-point contact between dressing tool and honing tool even if the axial dimensions are not greatly increased of these two tools.

Even if you increase the number of touch points between dressing tool and honing tool by increasing the axis cross angle between the dressing tool worried and honing tool, it becomes in practice often be necessary, including the axial dimension of the dressing tool and honing tool to enlarge one larger number of intervention points, e.g. self-employed Intervention points to ensure. The enlarged axial dimension the honing tool can also be used for honing Workpieces are used. This can be done either done that one while editing an individual Workpiece has a correspondingly large stroke axial relative movement between workpiece and honing tool generated, or by the fact that when editing successive Workpieces of different axial Areas of the honing tool.

The development of the invention according to claim 4 enables it, for reasons of gentle intervention between Dressing tool and honing tool selected enlarged Width (axial dimension) of the honing tool in segments for honing successive workpieces use.

The honing tools are usually dressed in the honing machine used to manufacture the workpieces. It simply becomes one instead of a workpiece Dressing tool clamped, and that of the honing machine assigned numerical control loads a dressing routine, in which the relative movements between the dressing tool and honing tool are chosen somewhat differently than the relative movements between workpiece and honing tool.

In a honing machine according to claim 6, one can Use the dressing tool, the axial division of which differs from that of the workpiece. For this becomes the axis cross angle between the dressing tool / workpiece Storage facility and honing tool storage facility changed.

The development of the invention brings in accordance with claim 7 the advantage that between the processing of Workpieces and dressing the honing wheel on simple Way can be switched.

This switching takes place in accordance with a honing machine Claim 8 automatically by a sensor device recognizes whether the first storage device is currently a workpiece or carries the dressing tool.

This recognition of the just in the first storage facility clamped object takes place according to claim 9 optically in a particularly simple way. The sensor device can e.g. a sensor responsive to stray light (the diamond on the dressing tool scatters light more than a milled tooth flank Workpiece).

You can also with the dressing tool according to claim 10 an optically readable mark, e.g. the end faces staining or mirroring the teeth.

With the development of the invention according to claim 11 is achieved that the enlarged axial dimension of the Honing tool also fully used for honing workpieces being, while editing one after the other Workpieces or batches of workpieces have different axial Areas of the honing tool.

In a further modification of the invention, one can according to Claim 10 also provide a multi-function honing tool, which is made of different material axial Has areas, one of which e.g. for rough honing others are intended for fine honing. These areas will be then dressed together.

Figur 1:

einen transversalen Schnitt durch eine Honmaschine;

Figur 2:

einen longitudinalen Schnitt durch die in Figur 1 gezeigte Honmaschine;

Figur 3:

ein Blockschaltbild einer Steuerung für verschiedene Servomotoren der in den Figuren 1 und gezeigten Honmaschine;

Figur 4:

eine axiale Teilaufsicht auf den Eingriffsbereich eines Abrichtwerkzeuges und eines Honringes;

Figur 5:

eine seitliche Aufsicht auf das Abrichtwerkzeug nach Figur 4 und auf die dahinterliegende Innenfläches eines mit diesem zusammenarbeitenden Abschnittes des Honwerkzeuges in vergrößertem Maßstabe;

Figur 6:

eine ähnliche Ansicht wie Figur 5, in welcher die Verhältnisse beim herkömmlichen Abrichten von Zahnrad-Honwerkzeugen gezeigt sind; und

Figur 7:

eine schematische seitliche Ansicht eines abgewandelten Honringes zum Honen von Zahnrädern.

The invention is explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing. In this show:

Figure 1:

a transverse section through a honing machine;

Figure 2:

a longitudinal section through the honing machine shown in Figure 1;

Figure 3:

a block diagram of a controller for various servomotors of the honing machine shown in Figures 1 and;

Figure 4:

an axial partial view of the engagement area of a dressing tool and a honing ring;

Figure 5:

a side view of the dressing tool of Figure 4 and on the inner surface behind a cooperating with this section of the honing tool on an enlarged scale;

Figure 6:

a view similar to Figure 5, in which the conditions are shown in the conventional dressing of gear honing tools; and

Figure 7:

is a schematic side view of a modified honing ring for honing gears.

In Figures 1 and 2 at 10 is a machine frame schematically reproduced by a honing machine. This carries via a schematically represented x-y slide device 12 (cross slide) a base plate 14. Schematic indicated linear motors 16, 18 on the machine frame 10 are attached, serve the base plate 14 in The x direction or y direction of that indicated in FIG. 1 To move the coordinate system. Contrary to the actual Ratios are the mechanical connections between the linear motors 16, 18 and the base plate 14 in the Plot the drawing plane tilted. The current position of the base plate 14 in the x and y directions Positioners 20, 22 measured on the linear motors 16, 18 are attached.

The base plate 14 carries one over two stands 24, 26 a total of 28 designated swing frames. This one has viewed substantially perpendicular to the plane of the drawing in FIG. 1 U-shaped shape, being on the outside of the left leg of the U a stub shafts 30 placed which runs in a bearing opening of the stator 24. In the right leg of the swivel frame 28 engages coaxially to the stub shaft 32 the end of a motor shaft 32 rotatably on. In this way, the swing frame 28 is one axis parallel to the x-axis pivotable on the base plate 14 attached.

The motor shaft 32 belongs to a geared motor 34 which is carried over the stand 26 by the base plate 14. In this way, the inclination of the swivel frame 28 can be set to horizontal. The momentary tendency of the Swing frame 28 is measured by a position transmitter 36, which is attached to the geared motor 34.

The swivel frame 28 carries a drive motor 38 the output shaft of a chain sprocket 40 is seated. An over this running chain 42 drives a drive ring 44, which is supported by a ball bearing 46 in a bearing plate 48 is. The latter is perpendicular to the surface of the lower one horizontal leg of the swing frame 28 on the swing frame 28 attached. As shown in Figure 1, cut the axis of the stub shaft 30 and the motor shaft 32 and the axis of the drive ring 44 at a right angle.

In the drive ring 44, a gear honing ring 50 is non-rotatable, however used releasably. This is on his Inner surface with a plurality distributed in the circumferential direction inclined teeth 52 provided. The teeth are from an outer hub portion 54 of the Honrades worn, the rotatable and detachable with the drive ring 44 is connected.

With the teeth 52 of the honing ring 50 combs a total with 56 designated dressing tool. This has outside Teeth 58 and a hub portion 60. The latter is clamped between two half spindles 62, 64. This are at the opposite ends with a reduced Centering section 66 having a diameter or 68 provided, the clearance in the hub section 60 engages.

The half-spindles 62, 64 run in bearings 70, 72 which are mounted in stands 74, 76, which differ from the Extend the top of the machine frame 10 upward. The axis of rotation predetermined by the half-spindles 62, 64 of the dressing tool 56 is perpendicular to the plane of the drawing of Figure 1, thus corresponds to the y direction.

The bearings 70, 72 allow axial displacement the half-spindles by means of assigned linear motors 78, 80. Position sensors 82, 84 are attached to these, which measure the actual position of the half spindles 62, 64.

By axially moving the half-spindles 62, 64 one can the centering sections 66, 68 from the dressing tool 56 weighed out, so that the latter by a manipulator not shown in the drawing can be moved away and through to be processed Workpieces (not shown) can be replaced.

By moving the half-spindles axially towards each other 62, 64, the centering sections 66, 68 in the dressing tool or introduced a workpiece, whereby the dressing tool or the workpiece is centered. With the in the come the centering sections 66, 68 delimiting shoulders 86 of the half-spindles 62, 64, the dressing tool or the workpiece is then non-rotatable connected to the half-spindles 62, 64, so too are coupled for common rotary movement. The turning the half-spindles 62, 64 and the clamped between them Setting tool or workpiece takes place by one working on the half-spindles 62, 64 spindle drive 88, with associated position transmitter 90, its drive connection to the half-spindles only schematically is indicated.

The actual angular position of the teeth of the dressing tool 56 or a workpiece is measured by a measuring head 92 which e.g. two with the tooth flanks of the dressing tool or workpiece cooperating light barriers can include.

As can be seen from Figure 3, the different Position transmitter 20, 22, 36, 39, 82, 84, 90 and the measuring head 92 with assigned inputs of a control unit 94 connected. This has a printer as peripheral devices 96, a mass storage 98 (e.g. hard disk), a keypad 100 and a monitor 102.

The control unit 94 operates in two different ways Programs: A program for honing workpieces and a program for dressing the honing ring 50 under Using the dressing tool 56. These two programs are very similar, but differ by the sizes of the infeed between the honing wheel and the workpiece or dressing tool and by the angle of inclination, under which the axis of the drive ring 44 to the axis of Half spindles 62, 64 is employed (axis cross angle).

The adjustability of the axis cross angle is therefore needed because the teeth 58 of the dressing tool 56 a have different (smaller) axial pitch than the teeth of the workpieces. This is done from a now below detailed reason.

Figure 4 shows an enlarged view of the engagement area of the end faces of dressing tool 56 and honing ring 50. The course the teeth are not outside the plane of the drawing reproduced.

It can be seen that between the teeth 52 of the honing ring 50 and the teeth 58 of the dressing tool 56 then the The most intense contact is when a tooth is on the in FIG. 4, the center plane designated M lies which by the axes of rotation of honing ring 50 and dressing tool 56 is specified. Greatest mechanical in this position Load (position kp of the point of intervention) act on the Teeth of the dressing tool 56 greater radial forces and Clamping forces that cause wear from the dressing tool worn diamond particles. These powers can can be reduced by having the on the dressing tool 56 forces exerted by the honing ring 50 on one Distributed a plurality of intervention points.

For this purpose, the teeth 58 of the dressing tool 56 are included one smaller than conventional dressing tools Axial pitch px arranged.

This is explained using a practical example:

The tooth flanks of a gearwheel with the following should be honed Characteristics: module m of 1.75, number of teeth z of 36; Helix angle β of 18 ° left; Tooth width b of 15.2 mm.

The honing ring used has a width bh (axial dimension) of 22 mm and thus enables an axial stroke when honing of ± 3 mm.

The dressing wheel used to dress the honing ring has the same basic geometry as the workpiece, its Tooth width bd (= bk = width of the shortest contact line between dressing wheel and honing ring) is 16 mm. When dressing is also with an axial stroke of ± 3mm worked.

This results in an axial division px = pz / z = 17.79 mm . The number of contact points KP between dressing wheel and honing wheel is KP = bd / px = 0.899 .

This means that the dressing wheel runs through through the middle level over 90% of the distance bk over one single point of engagement cooperates with the honing ring, over 10% of the run, however, no tooth tip under radial load stands. When the next one enters Tooth in the middle plane experiences the full Print. Such alternating loads are for wear of the dressing wheel unfavorable.

In the formation of the dressing tool according to the invention 56, which is shown in Figure 5, are the backs of teeth 58 at an angle β of 38 ° to the axial direction employed. Because of this choice of angle, the Dressing tool according to FIG. 5 halves the axial pitch: The pitch height pz is 321.476 mm, and this results in there is an axial division pz / z = 8.93 mm.

In order to increase the constantly present minimum number of engagement points between the dressing tool and the honing tool, the axial dimension of the dressing tool according to FIG. 5 is also larger than that of the classic dressing tool according to FIG. 6. The same applies to the axial dimension of the honing ring. In the dressing tool according to the invention according to FIG. 5, there are always at least six engagement points between the honing ring and the dressing tool. For this, the width of the dressing tool must be bk = KP x px = 6 x 8.93 mm = 53.58 mm , i.e. about 54 mm. With a dressing axial stroke of ± 3 mm, the width of the honing ring is 60 mm.

In this way, between the dressing tool and Honring transmitted forces according to the invention only 1/6 of the forces that are involved in the classic dressing of the Honing tool to be transferred. Correspondingly lower is the wear of the dressing tool, and you have no abrupt changes in load on the tooth tips when walking through the middle plane.

With a workpiece width (bd of 16 mm) would be the required honing ring width for the specified axial stroke h of +/- 3 mm only 22 mm.

If one increases the honing ring range calculated from 60 mm to 66 mm, the honing ring can be made in three different ways axial areas with a width 22 mm each can be used. Alternatively you could increase the axial stroke during honing, if desired, and wear the honing ring uniformly.

In any case, the dressing of the honing ring applies only after three times the period of use, so that the throughput of the honing machine is increased.

Alternatively, the honing ring 50 can be made according to FIG build three material areas 104, 106, 108, which for Honing a workpiece with increasing fineness without Clamping the workpiece can be used by the Basic position of the spindle carrying the workpiece one after the other in the middle of the material areas 104, 106, 108 places.

Claims (11)

Dressing tool for a gear honing tool (50), which can be connected to a drive part (44) Hub portion (54) and a plurality in the circumferential direction uniformly distributed teeth (52), with one with a Support spindle (62, 64) connectable hub portion (60) and a plurality of teeth equally distributed in the circumferential direction (58) with abrasive particles, especially diamond particles are occupied, characterized in that the axial division and the width of the teeth (58) of the dressing tool (56) and the axial pitch and the width of the teeth (52) of the honing tool (50) are matched to one another, that between the dressing tool (56) and the honing tool (50) there is always more than one point of intervention. Dressing tool according to claim 1, characterized in that between the dressing tool (56) and honing tool (50) there are always three to six intervention points. Dressing tool according to claim 1 or 2, characterized characterized that its axial pitch (px) is smaller is as the axial division of one with the honing tool (50) workpiece to be machined. Honing tool for use with a dressing tool according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that that its width (bh) is essentially one is an integer multiple of the route by assembling the width (b) of the workpiece and the total dressing stroke (2h) is obtained. Honing tool according to claim 4, characterized in that there are a plurality of axially consecutive areas of material (102, 104, 106) has different from abrasive material. Honing machine with a machine frame (10), with a arranged on the machine frame (10) first bearing device (62, 64) for optional holding and storage a workpiece or a dressing tool (56) with a second arranged on the machine frame (10) Bearing device (40 to 46) for storing and driving a Honringes (50) and with a device (78, 80) for Generate an axial and possibly a radial Relative movement between the first bearing device (62, 64) and the second bearing device (38 to 46) by an adjusting device (28 to 34) for the axis cross angle between the first bearing device (62, 64) and the second bearing device (40 to 46). Honing machine according to claim 6, characterized in that the adjusting device (30 to 34) is optional a first axis cross angle for editing Workpieces through the honing wheel and a second axle cross angle for dressing the honing wheel (50) by a Dressing tool (56) sets. Honing machine according to claim 7, characterized by a sensor device (92) which corresponds to that in the first Storage facility (62, 64) attached object cooperates and provides a first output signal if the object is a workpiece and a second output signal provides if the object is a dressing tool (56) is. Honing machine according to claim 8, characterized in that the sensor device (92) is responsive to light Sensor. Honing machine according to claim 9, characterized in that the dressing tool (56) one with the sensor collaborative mark. Honing machine according to one of claims 6 to 10, characterized by a second setting device (78), 80), for setting the axial basic relative position between the two storage facilities (62, 64; 40 to 46).

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