EP0991026B1 - Berechtigungskontrollsystem - Google Patents

Berechtigungskontrollsystem Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0991026B1
EP0991026B1 EP99115748A EP99115748A EP0991026B1 EP 0991026 B1 EP0991026 B1 EP 0991026B1 EP 99115748 A EP99115748 A EP 99115748A EP 99115748 A EP99115748 A EP 99115748A EP 0991026 B1 EP0991026 B1 EP 0991026B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
signal
fire arm
interface means
person
code data
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99115748A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0991026A3 (de
EP0991026A2 (de
Inventor
Jakob Dr. Hoepelman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
International Business Machines Corp
Original Assignee
International Business Machines Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by International Business Machines Corp filed Critical International Business Machines Corp
Priority to EP99115748A priority Critical patent/EP0991026B1/de
Publication of EP0991026A2 publication Critical patent/EP0991026A2/de
Publication of EP0991026A3 publication Critical patent/EP0991026A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0991026B1 publication Critical patent/EP0991026B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A17/00—Safety arrangements, e.g. safeties
    • F41A17/06—Electric or electromechanical safeties
    • F41A17/063—Electric or electromechanical safeties comprising a transponder
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B3/00—Footwear characterised by the shape or the use
    • A43B3/34—Footwear characterised by the shape or the use with electrical or electronic arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41B—WEAPONS FOR PROJECTING MISSILES WITHOUT USE OF EXPLOSIVE OR COMBUSTIBLE PROPELLANT CHARGE; WEAPONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F41B11/00—Compressed-gas guns, e.g. air guns; Steam guns
    • F41B11/50—Magazines for compressed-gas guns; Arrangements for feeding or loading projectiles from magazines
    • F41B11/57—Electronic or electric systems for feeding or loading
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41B—WEAPONS FOR PROJECTING MISSILES WITHOUT USE OF EXPLOSIVE OR COMBUSTIBLE PROPELLANT CHARGE; WEAPONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F41B11/00—Compressed-gas guns, e.g. air guns; Steam guns
    • F41B11/70—Details not provided for in F41B11/50 or F41B11/60
    • F41B11/71—Electric or electronic control systems, e.g. for safety purposes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/20—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass
    • G07C9/28—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass the pass enabling tracking or indicating presence

Definitions

  • the present invention relates in general to authorization control systems, and in particular to authorization control systems for preventing unauthorized using of devices. Even more particularly, the invention relates to authorization control systems for preventing unauthorized use of devices like fire arms, cars or other precious or dangerous devices.
  • the European Patent Application EP 0 843 425 A2 discloses an electronic communication apparatus using the human body as a transmission medium.
  • a person carries close to the body a personal area network instrumentality, for example in form of a card, formatted like the commonly used cheque cards.
  • it is proposed to couple small currents into the human body, preferably by electrostatic field coupling, which current is a modulation of a signal which carries the personal, secrete ID acting as a PIN in a communication method to an external device, the use of which should be authorized by testing, if the PIN extracted from the current is identical to a PIN, stored in the external device.
  • the method and device disclosed in this prior art document needs a control-panel including a contact and arranged for establishing an electrical coupling with the person.
  • this system is not suited to be used as an authorization control-system for personal use of firearm devices, as the electrical circuit carrying the PIN in the prior art document is closed by the earth and the legs of the human person.
  • the disclosure of above mentioned European Patent Application is not usable for a firearm the use of which is intended to be authorized automatically.
  • the person who is authorized to use his fire arm wears near of his body a small transmitter embedded with a microchip in which secret, personal code data relating strictly only to this person or in case of a policeman relating to a group of policemen or eventually relating to any policeman is stored. In the fire arm, the same personal code data is stored.
  • the transfer is achieved via a pair of electrical coupling devices which can be an ordinary metal contact, or, advantageously via a pair of electrodes, one coupling the stored data from the person's data carrier into his own body, and the second electrode receiving a signal, representing the personal code data from the body and conducting them into an evaluation circuit arranged in the fire arm.
  • the authorization data are compared.
  • a special purpose lock/unlock mechanism e.g. engaging a part of the trigger bar or a different part of the mechanic effectuation chain - beginning with the trigger and ending with the firing pin - inside the fire arm is enabled.
  • the receiver in the fire arm does not receive any data or it receives data which is not identical to that one stored in the fire arm the lock/unlock mechanism will not be enabled, so the trigger of the fire arm remains locked and the person cannot shoot.
  • the default position of the lock/unlock-mechanism can be an already unlocked position of e.g. the trigger or the like, which will be locked, when the data compare yields that the person who wants to shoot with the fire arm is not authorized to do it.
  • the system comprises a data storage 10, the data of which can be accessed by a controller 12.
  • the data storage is a PROM non volatile memory which stores the personal code data of the authorized person in form of a bit sequence of a predetermined length, e.g.256 bit.
  • Controller 12 comprises a transmitter which couples signals, representing the personal code data through a transmitter electrode 14 into the body 16 of the authorized person.
  • the resonant tank circuit produces a clean sine wave output from a square wave input minimizing RF harmonics, and boosts the output voltage in proportion to the Q of the tank.
  • the transmit voltage can also be digitally programmed by varying the pulse width of the driving square wave.
  • the transmit electrode couples the modulated voltage capacitively into the authorized person's body. This so called PAN-technology (Personal Area Network) was described in more detail relating to data exchange between persons in ' IBM Systems Journal, Vol. 35, No 3&4, 1996 ' the contents of which is incorporated by reference into the present patent application.
  • This so called near-field communication can operate at very low frequencies such as 0.1 to 1 megahertz.
  • This frequency is directly generated from inexpensive microcontroller devices which are easy to wear, e.g. in a watch-like form at the wrist of the hand.
  • an electrical current which is small in intensity and not damaging the health of the person is fed into the human body 16 which in turn acts as 'wet wire'.
  • the fire arm 20 is adapted to both right and left handed persons. So, in both grip plates one of which would then be touched with a larger area of the inner side of the person's hand a receiving electrode 22 is embedded the impedance of which is such that the current fed into the body 16 can be received by this antenna-like device.
  • the signal received by the receiver electrode 22 incorporated in the fire arm 20 is amplified by an amplifier comprised of a controller 24 arranged e.g. as a chip 23 - see the broken lines in fig. 1 - inside of the fire arm. Controller 24 is connected to the receiver electrode 22 by a wire connection 26. In said controller, the signal is demodulated, A-D-conversion takes place, and the resulting data is compared to that one stored in a storage area 25, incorporated in the controller chip 23, too. The controller 24 generates an output signal 28 which reflects the data compare result, i.e.
  • Prior art techniques can be taken in consideration to how the controlling device 30 controls the actuator device 32 which in turn is locking and unlocking the trigger, respectively.
  • the receiving, evaluating and actuating circuit shown in the bottom part of the figure is powered by batteries not shown in fig.1.
  • PAN devices can take the shape of commonly worn objects: watches, credit cards, eyeglasses, identification badges, belts, waist packs and shoe inserts, etc.
  • the capacitive coupling area must be large enough to communicate the signals into the body.
  • Such a near-field communication advantageously does not need a large amount of energy because it works at very low frequencies compared to far-field communication techniques e.g. GSA mobile radio communication.
  • the transmitter depicted in fig. 2 and fig. 1 can operate at 330 kilohertz at 30 volts with a 10-picofarad electrode capacitance, consuming 1.5 milliwatts discharging the electrode capacitance.
  • LC resonant inductance-capacitance
  • fig. 2 and fig. 3 respectively a schematic representation of a prior art fire arm, a SIG-Sauer pistol P 225 (P6) is shown, which parts of German police are used to be equipped with. Said pistol is provided with an exemplary embodiment of the control system of the present invention.
  • SIG-Sauer pistol P 225 (P6) is a prior art automatic pistol equipped with a double action trigger. Thus, motion of the trigger is biasing the hammer and unlocks the firing pin.
  • the receiver electrode 22 is embedded in each of the grip plates of grip 18.
  • the detector synchronously integrates the tiny received displacement current, e.g. 50 picoamperes, 330 KHz, into a voltage that can be measured by a slow low-resolution analog-to-digital converter operating at e.g. 50 KHz, 8 bits.
  • Said analog components and the microcontroller are combined into a single CMOS integrated circuit in chip form to produce a low-cost integrated PAN receiver.
  • circuit 24 comprises a logic circuit with the storage area 25 in which the same code is stored as is stored in the authorized person's data carrier. Said logic circuit evaluates the digital data extracted from the received signal and compares it to the data stored in the fire arm. If the data compare yields 'identical' the lock mechanism will be unlocked, see fig. 3 -otherwise not. This will be described next below.
  • the lock mechanism comprises a locking member 48 having a rod 50 fixedly mounted with a small end portion 51 perpendicular to the length extension of the rod at a base portion 53 fixedly connected to an inner frame portion of the grip.
  • the other end portion of the rod 50 is a protruding member 52 which engages an opening 54 formed in the trigger bar 56. With member 52 engaging the opening 54 a motion of the trigger for firing the arm is prevented.
  • the rod is slightly biased to securely engage the opening 54.
  • a relay-like circuit provided with a fixedly mounted coil 44 is energized which in turn attracts - by magnetic force - the back side of the end portion of the metal locking member 48.
  • the member 48 is attracted against the elastic force of the metal rod 50 and disengages the opening 54 in the trigger bar 56.
  • the rod is bent backward and is moved to the attracting coil until it's backside 46 touches the coil 44.
  • trigger 58 can be pressed as usual and the person holding the fire arm is able to shoot, see back to fig. 3.
  • chip 23 is provided with a timer which sets up again the full authorization control procedure after a certain delay of time, e.g. some few seconds in order to allow to fire a plurality of shots in relatively short time sequence without being influenced by the control system according to the invention.
  • the coil remains energized during this preselected delay time.
  • the trigger bar 53 takes back again the position shown in fig. 2.
  • the coil is not energized anymore the fire arm is locked again and a new authorization control has to be passed before firing the next shot.
  • the orientation of the edges pressing to each other at the attempt to shoot without authorization is such that the engaging edges cannot slide away without help of magnetic attraction of the coil 44.
  • the lock/unlock mechanism is encapsulated in a case to prevent unauthorized manipulation of the mechanism.
  • the transfer of data is achieved by a direct electrical contact between one contact surface being embedded in and protruding slightly from the finger facing portion of the trigger, the other contact being provided by a ring like device, worn by the authorized person.
  • Said ring serves as carrier for the chip holding the personal data.
  • the lock/unlock mechanism can be placed elsewhere, too.
  • the hammer's motion to hit the firing pin's back end can be locked by blocking the main spring guide rod in a similar manner.
  • the lock/unlock mechanism can be combined to an already existing safety system, e.g. that one of the firing pin. It should be noted that the arrangement, the location, and the structure of the lock/unlock mechanism should reflect the influence of magnetic fields set up by any unauthorized person and - and of coarse the particular type of construction and application of each fire arm which is object to the present invention.
  • the device the use of which is to be controlled is provided with an using time registration and storing device with the help of which at least the shooting or more generally, the using time is stored.
  • the time registration and storing device can advantageously be incorporated in the signal processing device 23.
  • a pair of data e.g. shooting time and personal code data can be stored which is useful when the fire arm is dedicated to a limited plurality of persons. Later investigations regarding questions like 'which person did shoot, to which time, and how often' after the use of the fire arm become more easy to evaluate.
  • a further application is to prevent larceny of cars.
  • the signal receive interface means can advantageously be incorporated into the driver's seat or into the steering wheel in order to provide a sufficiently large capacitive coupling area.
  • controller 10 data storage 12 controller 13 transmitter side chip 14 transmitter electrode 16 human body 18 grip 20 device, fire arm 22 receiver electrode 23 receiver side chip 24 controller circuit 25 data storage 26 wire connection 28 output signal 30 controlling device 32 actuator device 44 coil 48 locking member 50 rod 52 protruding member 54 opening 56 trigger bar 58 trigger 62 battery

Claims (11)

  1. Berechtigungskontrollsystem für die personengebundene Benutzung einer Schusswaffe (20):
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das System einen Fingerring und die Feuerwaffe umfasst und der Ring Folgendes umfasst:
    ein Speichermittel (10) zum Speichern zumindest von Daten eines persönlichen Codes, und
    ein Signalbereitstellungsmittel (12) zum Bereitstellen von Signalen, welche die Codedaten darstellen, an ein
    Signalsende-Schnittstellenmittel (14),
    wobei die Schusswaffe 820) Folgendes umfasst:
    ein Signalempfangs-Schnittstellenmittel (22) zum Empfangen von Signalen vom Signalsende-Schnittstellenmittel (14) zumindest dann, wenn eine Person die Schusswaffe zu benutzen beabsichtigt,
    eine mit dem Signalempfangs-Schnittstellenmittel (22) verbundene Signalverarbeitungseinheit (23) zur Ermittlung der Berechtigung der Person zur Benutzung der Schusswaffe (20) durch Prüfen der Signale und zum Senden eines Ausgangssignals (28), welches das Prüfergebnis widerspiegelt,
    eine Steuereinheit (30, 44), die mit der Signalverarbeitungseinheit (23) und mit
    einer Betätigungseinrichtung (32, 48) verbunden ist, welche wiederum so angeordnet ist, dass sie als Reaktion auf das Ergebnis der Signalprüfung die Benutzung der Schusswaffe (20) verhindert,
    wobei ein Stromkreis geschlossen wird, wenn die Person den Abzug der Schusswaffe mit dem leitenden Teil seines Fingerrings berührt und die den Daten des persönlichen Codes entsprechenden Signale über das Übertragungsmittel (14, 22) geleitet werden können.
  2. System nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    das Signalsende-Schnittstellenmittel (14) kapazitiv mit dem Signalempfangs-Schnittstellenmittel (22) gekoppelt ist.
  3. System nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Signalsende-Schnittstellenmittel (14) eine Sendeeinrichtung mit einer Sendeelektrode (14) ist, die einen Verschiebungsstrom in den Körper (16) der Person einkoppelt, der durch die Signale moduliert ist, welche die Codedaten darstellen,
    wobei das Signalempfangs-Schnittstellenmittel (22) eine Empfangseinrichtung mit einer Empfangselektrode (22) ist, die die kapazitiv eingekoppelten Signale von der Hand der Person empfängt, wenn diese die Schusswaffe zu benutzen beabsichtigt.
  4. System nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Einrichtung (20) eine Schusswaffe ist,
    wobei das Signalsende-Schnittstellenmittel (14) einen elektrisch leitenden Teil eines von der Person getragenen Fingerrings darstellt,
    wobei das Signalempfangs-Schnittstellenmittel (22) einen elektrisch leitenden Teil des Abzugs der Schusswaffe darstellt und
    wobei ein Stromkreis geschlossen wird, wenn die Person den Abzug der Schusswaffe mit dem leitenden Teil ihres Fingerrings berührt und die den Daten des persönlichen Codes entsprechenden Signale über das Übertragungsmittel (14, 22) geleitet werden können.
  5. Schusswaffe, die Folgendes umfasst:
    ein Signalempfangs-Schnittstellenmittel (22) zwischen einer Signalquelle (16) außerhalb der Schusswaffe und einer Signalverarbeitungseinheit (23) innerhalb der Schusswaffe zum Aufnehmen von Signalen, wenn eine Person die Schusswaffe zu benutzen beabsichtigt, wobei sich die Signale auf Daten eines persönlichen Codes beziehen, der einer Person oder einer Personengruppe zugewiesen wurde, die zur Benutzung der Schusswaffe berechtigt ist,
    wobei die Signalverarbeitungseinheit (23) mit dem Signalempfangs-Schnittstellenmittel (22) verbunden ist,
    das zur Prüfung der Signale und zur Lieferung eines Ausgangssignals (28) eingerichtet ist, welches das Prüfergebnis widerspiegelt,
    eine Steuereinheit (30), die mit der Signalverarbeitungseinheit (23) und mit
    einer Betätigungseinrichtung (32) verbunden ist, die wiederum zum Verriegeln des Abfeuerns der Schusswaffe (20) eingerichtet ist, wenn die Signalprüfung ergibt, dass die Person, welche die Schusswaffe zu benutzen beabsichtigt, nicht dazu berechtigt ist.
  6. Schusswaffe nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Signalempfangs-Schnittstellenmittel (22) ein Mittel zum kapazitiven Einkoppeln umfasst.
  7. Schusswaffe nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Signalempfangs-Schnittstellenmittel (22) eine kapazitiv auskoppelnde Empfangseinrichtung umfasst, die in mindestens eines der Kontaktbleche des Griffstücks (Speicherverwaltungssoftware 18) der Schusswaffe (20) integriert ist, und
    dass die Schusswaffe eine integrierte Schaltung umfasst, welche die Signalverarbeitungseinheit (23) und die Steuereinheit (30) in sich vereint.
  8. Schusswaffe nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Signalempfangs-Schnittstellenmittel (22) einen elektrisch leitenden Teil des Abzugs der Schusswaffe umfasst.
  9. Fingerring zur Verwendung in Verbindung mit dem Berechtigungskontrollsystem für Schusswaffen nach Anspruch 1, wobei das System Folgendes umfasst:
    ein Speichersystem (10) zum Speichern zumindest von Daten eines persönlichen Codes,
    ein Signalbereitstellungsmittel (12, 13) zum Bereitstellen von Signalen, welche die Codedaten darstellen,
    an das Signalsendemittel (14).
  10. Fingerring nach Anspruch 9, wobei der Ring Folgendes umfasst:
    eine integrierte Schaltung, die das Speichermittel (10) und das Signalbereitstellungsmittel (12) in sich vereint,
    und einen elektrisch leitenden Teil, der als Signalsende-Schnittstellenmittel (14) dient.
  11. System nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Signalverarbeitungseinheit (23) mit einer Zeitregistrierungs- und -speichereinrichtung ausgestattet ist.
EP99115748A 1998-09-30 1999-08-07 Berechtigungskontrollsystem Expired - Lifetime EP0991026B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP99115748A EP0991026B1 (de) 1998-09-30 1999-08-07 Berechtigungskontrollsystem

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP98118479 1998-09-30
EP98118479 1998-09-30
EP99115748A EP0991026B1 (de) 1998-09-30 1999-08-07 Berechtigungskontrollsystem

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0991026A2 EP0991026A2 (de) 2000-04-05
EP0991026A3 EP0991026A3 (de) 2001-04-04
EP0991026B1 true EP0991026B1 (de) 2007-10-03

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99115748A Expired - Lifetime EP0991026B1 (de) 1998-09-30 1999-08-07 Berechtigungskontrollsystem

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Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2885000A (en) * 1999-02-11 2000-08-29 Africa Outdoors Acs (Proprietary) Limited Firearm
DE10037227A1 (de) 2000-07-31 2002-02-14 Rbs Netkom Gmbh Waffensicherungssystem und -verfahren
US6422911B1 (en) * 2001-02-22 2002-07-23 Mattel, Inc. Toy device using through-the-body communication
DE10232934A1 (de) * 2002-07-19 2004-01-29 Ident Technology Ag Handgriffeinrichtung sowie Sicherheitsschaltungsanordnung insbesondere für ein kraftbetriebenes Werkzeug
DE102004025720A1 (de) * 2004-05-26 2005-12-22 Heckler & Koch Gmbh Schaltelement zur Waffensicherung
FR2873073B1 (fr) * 2004-07-15 2007-12-07 Valeo Securite Habitacle Sas Systeme de commande pour vehicule
US11555663B2 (en) * 2021-04-19 2023-01-17 Biofire Technologies Inc. Electromechanical trigger and methods of operating a gun using the same

Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0843425A2 (de) * 1996-11-14 1998-05-20 International Business Machines Corporation Elektronische Kommunikationseinrichtung unter Verwendung des menschlichen Körpers als Übertragungsmedium

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GB2129176B (en) * 1982-10-12 1986-03-19 Roundel Electronics Indentification system
US5204672A (en) * 1989-09-13 1993-04-20 Brooks James E Keyless entry system
FR2688301A1 (fr) * 1992-02-20 1993-09-10 Dubois Jean Pierre Dispositif de verrouillage d'armes a feu.
US5502915A (en) * 1994-04-29 1996-04-02 Eddie S. Mendelsohn Gun
DE4435894C2 (de) * 1994-10-07 1999-09-16 Telefunken Microelectron Verfahren und Sicherungssystem zur Sicherung eines Kraftfahrzeuges
GB9521241D0 (en) * 1995-10-17 1995-12-20 Robinson Alan W Personnel identification system
US5682032A (en) * 1996-02-22 1997-10-28 Philipp; Harald Capacitively coupled identity verification and escort memory apparatus

Patent Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0843425A2 (de) * 1996-11-14 1998-05-20 International Business Machines Corporation Elektronische Kommunikationseinrichtung unter Verwendung des menschlichen Körpers als Übertragungsmedium

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EP0991026A2 (de) 2000-04-05

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