EP0990708B1 - Verfahren zum Herstellen von Schraubenfedern - Google Patents
Verfahren zum Herstellen von Schraubenfedern Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0990708B1 EP0990708B1 EP98118691A EP98118691A EP0990708B1 EP 0990708 B1 EP0990708 B1 EP 0990708B1 EP 98118691 A EP98118691 A EP 98118691A EP 98118691 A EP98118691 A EP 98118691A EP 0990708 B1 EP0990708 B1 EP 0990708B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- shot
- coil springs
- peening
- springs
- procedure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
- C21D7/04—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
- C21D7/06—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface by shot-peening or the like
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/02—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for springs
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/30—Stress-relieving
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing Coil springs made of steel wire, in which the coil springs a thermomechanical solidification, one first shot peening, followed by thermal relaxation and then a subsequent shot peening. so manufactured coil springs are found in particular in Automotive use as suspension springs, where at their Resilience must meet the highest demands.
- Coil springs made of steel wire There are essentially two methods of making Coil springs made of steel wire are known.
- the first Process the so-called “cold wind process” is called Pre-coated steel wire used.
- the "Hot winding process” is the unrefined steel wire warmed, wrapped warm and then one Subjected to remuneration treatment.
- the hot winding process is for example in the publication "thermoformed springs" described, which on the occasion of the 52nd International Automobile exhibition IAA, Frankfurt / Main 1987, presented has been.
- a third manufacturing option is less common, where the raw material is cold wound and the spring in a separate one Operation is subjected to remuneration treatment.
- the hot winding process In the hot winding process, it runs in the form of a rod steel wire used in its remuneration the Steps of heating, hardening and Cranking.
- the heating is usually done in Continuous furnaces caused by the combustion of gas or oil be heated. In ovens like that, it will Steel wire material relatively slowly Austenitizing temperature brought to it after the To be able to harden winding.
- the coil springs After hardening and tempering, the coil springs preferably cooled with air, then for the "Warming up” operation to be warmed up again.
- "Warm up” is used Front of the coil springs, d. H. one over their Yield stress beyond, understood, which is carried out at elevated temperature. By warming up becomes a favorable residual stress condition generated in the spring wire to increase the static and dynamic resilience of the springs and their relaxation and creep behavior improved.
- thermomechanical coating of the To make spring wire.
- This "thermomechanical In contrast to the usual, remuneration includes performed remuneration in the form of hardening and tempering after heating to austenitizing temperature performed additional step of a plastic Deformation of the spring steel by twisting and / or Rollers.
- DE 43 30 832 C2 also describes a method known for producing helical compression springs, in which the helical compression springs a first and second Be subjected to shot peening.
- the object of the invention is therefore, starting from the above explained prior art to provide a method that the production of Springs allows for higher dimensions with smaller dimensions and lower weight are resilient.
- thermomechanical solidification of the Coil springs make the spring wire material close to the surface as deep as possibly plastically deformed.
- the subsequent thermal relaxation of the springs causes favorable changes in properties in the deformed material layers et al on excretion processes, aging, polygonization of the structure and Formation of an advantageous structure of the dislocations.
- the final second blasting process which involves the springs being preloaded is carried out, causes a high residual compressive stress to build up in the Boundary layer.
- this second blasting treatment takes place in two Steps.
- a "coarse-grained", high-energy abrasive means a coarse blasting of Springs performed. This coarse radiation has a deep effect in the outer layers of the Spring material.
- the so-called. "Fine blasting” is carried out, causing an increase directly on the wire surface of the residual compressive stresses and smoothing them.
- Preloading the coil springs in the first step is a coarse-grained Blasting media used and in the second step a finer grained.
- JP-A-05177544 it is known to strengthen an outer layer Steel wire coil springs by the sequence of operations first Shot peening, thermal relaxation and second shot peening. About that it is also known from DE-A-4330832 to use the so-called. Use stress beams after the spring has been thermally relaxed has been. With this tension blasting, the spring is in a preloaded state peened.
- the delivered steel wire is first in one electro-inductive, not shown Heater to austenitizing temperature brought. Then the austenitized Steel wire material mechanically in a rolled or Twisting process plastically deformed. Then that happens Wind the still warm steel wire into one Coil spring.
- the thermomechanical coating of the Steel wire is continued by the following the Winding performed hardening. With the conclusion of the The following reason is the thermomechanical coating of the steel ended.
- pre-stressed shot peening is mainly in the surface layer near the surface the directional high of the spring steel wire Build up residual compressive stresses. Do they stand Springs during blasting under a preload which acts in the same direction as the later operating load, so in that direction on the Steel wire surface particularly high internal compressive stresses build up in which the operating load is the highest Will cause tensile stress. As a rule, this is at an angle of 45 ° to the longitudinal axis of the spring wire the case.
- the residual compressive stresses generated in this way have an effect as counter voltage in practical use under load resulting tensile stresses.
- the shot peening under prestress is according to the invention carried out in two stages.
- the first stage is called Blasting media a relatively coarse grain with a Diameters from 0.7 - 0.9 mm are used. So that can a residual compressive stress profile in the marginal zone of the Achieve spring wire steel, as exemplified in Diagram 2 is shown. It is characteristic the great depth of penetration of the residual compressive stresses but not their highest value as desired, directly in the area of the surface of the spring wire, but only at a certain distance below it to reach.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Springs (AREA)
- Wire Processing (AREA)
- Steroid Compounds (AREA)
Description
- Diagramm 1
- eine Arbeitsschrittfolge bei der Fertigung von hoch- und höchstfesten Schraubenfedern mit thermomechanischer Vergütung und thermomechanischer Randschichtverfestigung;
- Diagramm 2
- den Verlauf der Druckeigenspannung in der Randschicht der Schraubenfedern nach einem Kugelstrahlen unter Vorspannung bei Verwendung von grobkörnigem Strahlmittel mit hoher Abwurfgeschwindigkeit,
- Diagramm 3
- den Verlauf der Druckeigenspannung in der Randschicht der Schraubenfedern bei einem stufenweise aufeinander folgenden Kugelstrahlen unter Vorspannung bei Verwendung von grobkörnigem Strahlmittel in der ersten Stufe und feinkörnigem Strahlmittel in der zweiten Stufe.
Claims (3)
- Verfahren zum Herstellen von Schraubenfedern aus Stahldraht, bei dem die Schraubenfedern einer thermomechanischen Randschichtverfestigung, einem ersten Kugelstrahlen, dem sich ein thermisches Entspannen anschließt und einem daran anschließend erfolgenden zweiten Kugelstrahlen unterzogen werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das erste Kugelstrahlen ohne Vorspannung und das zweite Kugelstrahlen unter Vorspannung der Schraubenfeder erfolgt, wobei das zweite Kugelstrahlen in zwei Arbeitsschritten erfolgt und ein einheitliches grobkörniges Strahlmittel verwendet wird, welches im ersten Arbeitsschritt mit einer höheren Abwurfgeschwindigkeit ausgebracht wird als im zweiten Arbeitsschritt.
- Verfahren zum Herstellen von Schraubenfedern aus Stahldraht, bei dem die Schraubenfedern einer thermomechanischen Randschichtverfestigung, einem ersten Kugelstrahlen, dem sich ein thermisches Entspannen anschließt und einem daran anschließend erfolgenden zweiten Kugelstrahlen unterzogen werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das erste Kugelstrahlen ohne Vorspannung und das zweite Kugelstrahlen unter Vorspannung der Schraubenfeder erfolgt, wobei das zweite Kugelstrahlen in zwei Arbeitsschritten erfolgt und wobei im ersten Arbeitsschritt des zweiten Kugelstrahlens ein grobkörniges und im zweiten Arbeitsschritt ein feiner gekörntes Strahlmittel verwendet wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei dem zweiten Kugelstrahlen das Strahlmittel im ersten Arbeitsschritt mit einer höheren Abwurfgeschwindigkeit ausgebracht wird als im zweiten Arbeitsschritt.
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE59807656T DE59807656D1 (de) | 1998-10-02 | 1998-10-02 | Verfahren zum Herstellen von Schraubenfedern |
PT98118691T PT990708E (pt) | 1998-10-02 | 1998-10-02 | Processo para producao de molas helicoidais |
ES98118691T ES2190562T3 (es) | 1998-10-02 | 1998-10-02 | Procedimiento para fabricar muelles helicoidales. |
AT98118691T ATE235567T1 (de) | 1998-10-02 | 1998-10-02 | Verfahren zum herstellen von schraubenfedern |
EP98118691A EP0990708B1 (de) | 1998-10-02 | 1998-10-02 | Verfahren zum Herstellen von Schraubenfedern |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP98118691A EP0990708B1 (de) | 1998-10-02 | 1998-10-02 | Verfahren zum Herstellen von Schraubenfedern |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0990708A1 EP0990708A1 (de) | 2000-04-05 |
EP0990708B1 true EP0990708B1 (de) | 2003-03-26 |
Family
ID=8232743
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98118691A Expired - Lifetime EP0990708B1 (de) | 1998-10-02 | 1998-10-02 | Verfahren zum Herstellen von Schraubenfedern |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0990708B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE235567T1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE59807656D1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2190562T3 (de) |
PT (1) | PT990708E (de) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104690495A (zh) * | 2013-12-05 | 2015-06-10 | 上海中国弹簧制造有限公司 | 高应力悬架弹簧的制造工艺 |
CN104960996B (zh) * | 2015-06-23 | 2017-10-03 | 宋锦程 | 用于钢丝绳的整理装置 |
CN113510444A (zh) * | 2021-05-18 | 2021-10-19 | 福建永动力弹簧科技有限公司 | 一种绞龙弹簧生产工艺 |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1109561B (de) * | 1959-04-03 | 1961-06-22 | Gen Motors Corp | Verfahren zur Erhoehung der Dauerfestigkeit von Metallen |
JP2994508B2 (ja) * | 1991-11-26 | 1999-12-27 | 株式会社東郷製作所 | コイルばねの製造方法 |
DE4330832C2 (de) * | 1993-09-11 | 1996-04-04 | Hoesch Federn Gmbh | Verfahren zur Optimierung der Eigenspannungsverteilung im Stabquerschnitt von Schraubendruckfedern |
JP3173756B2 (ja) * | 1994-07-28 | 2001-06-04 | 株式会社東郷製作所 | コイルばねの製造方法 |
-
1998
- 1998-10-02 AT AT98118691T patent/ATE235567T1/de active
- 1998-10-02 PT PT98118691T patent/PT990708E/pt unknown
- 1998-10-02 DE DE59807656T patent/DE59807656D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-10-02 EP EP98118691A patent/EP0990708B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-10-02 ES ES98118691T patent/ES2190562T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE235567T1 (de) | 2003-04-15 |
DE59807656D1 (de) | 2003-04-30 |
PT990708E (pt) | 2003-06-30 |
ES2190562T3 (es) | 2003-08-01 |
EP0990708A1 (de) | 2000-04-05 |
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