EP0990475B1 - Process for producing a cylinder liner and the thus produced cylinder liner - Google Patents

Process for producing a cylinder liner and the thus produced cylinder liner Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0990475B1
EP0990475B1 EP99115940A EP99115940A EP0990475B1 EP 0990475 B1 EP0990475 B1 EP 0990475B1 EP 99115940 A EP99115940 A EP 99115940A EP 99115940 A EP99115940 A EP 99115940A EP 0990475 B1 EP0990475 B1 EP 0990475B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cylinder liner
wall
cylinder
spraying
ribs
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99115940A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0990475A1 (en
Inventor
Markus Dipl.Ing. Müller
Werner Trübenbach
Manfred Dr. Fischer
Franz-Josef Dipl.-Ing. Göbbels
Peter Gödel
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Federal Mogul Burscheid GmbH
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Federal Mogul Burscheid GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0990475A1 publication Critical patent/EP0990475A1/en
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Publication of EP0990475B1 publication Critical patent/EP0990475B1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D23/00—Casting processes not provided for in groups B22D1/00 - B22D21/00
    • B22D23/003—Moulding by spraying metal on a surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • B22D19/0009—Cylinders, pistons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/004—Cylinder liners
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
    • Y10T29/4927—Cylinder, cylinder head or engine valve sleeve making
    • Y10T29/49272—Cylinder, cylinder head or engine valve sleeve making with liner, coating, or sleeve

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a cylinder liner for Use in the cylinder bore of an engine block by thermal spraying of Spray material on a mandrel serving as a shaped body according to the preamble of claim 1, and the cylinder liner that can be produced by this method.
  • the engine block of internal combustion engines usually consists of one Cast iron or aluminum alloy.
  • cylinder liners are cast.
  • These cylinder liners can be made in different ways.
  • cylinder liners From the FR-A-2413553 or FR-A-1043913 are cast cylinder liners known. Such cylinder liners are made in permanent mold casting. The Cylinder liners are referred to as wet cylinder liners and are pressed into prefabricated engine blocks. The cylinder liners are not suitable for pouring, since between the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder liner and the engine block must remain an annular gap in which the coolant of the Motors extends.
  • From DE PS 12 82 243 is a method for producing aluminum cylinders with cast steel liners. First, by thermal Spraying creates a steel tube, which is then a separate body in the metal block is inserted. To connect the liner with the cast material creates a negative pressure in the liner so that the molten aluminum in the Pores of the steel pipe penetrates. To this complex connection technology too simplify, cylinder liners have already been formed from several layers.
  • the layer forming the tread consists of a wear-resistant and fire-proof material.
  • the liquid engine block material combines with the cover layer.
  • DE 196 05946 C1 discloses such a generic cylinder liner and a manufacturing method of the cylinder liner. It has been shown that complex engine block geometries can cause stresses in the cooled casting during solidification in connection with the shrinkage of the casting material. This leads to considerable warpage in the area of the liner. Since the cylinder liners often still have to be mechanically reworked after casting, it can lead to the wall thicknesses of the cylinder liners being partially reduced. In engine operation, these areas then represent critical zones with regard to thermal, mechanical stability.
  • the invention has for its object to improve a generic method for producing a cylinder liner in such a way that the distortions occurring during casting or in engine operation are prevented. This object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are documented in the subclaims.
  • Cylinder liners according to the invention can be made particularly thin-walled by the provided on the outer peripheral surface of the socket Material accumulation becomes the strength of the bushing effectively reinforced that no warpage occurs after pouring the cylinder block material.
  • the material accumulation in the form of ribs is in the local arrangement as well as in the Number of ribs specifically adjustable for each application. Preferably should at least three circumferential points a material accumulation can be arranged. It can by controlling the spraying process, different cross-sectional shapes of the Material accumulation are generated. In addition to rounds, square ones can also be used Cross-sectional shapes are used. With the profile bars it is an advantage if profiles with high bending and / or torsional resistance are used.
  • the cylinder liner 1 shown in FIG. 1 is produced by a thermal spraying process.
  • the spray materials made of metal and / or metal ceramics which are commercially available can be used as spray materials.
  • the cylinder liner 1 has a cylinder wall 2 over the circumference (FIG. 2), which has partially different wall thicknesses over the circumference, so that wall thickness reinforcements 3, 3 ', 3 ", 3""are formed.
  • the wall thickness reinforcements 3, 3' are preferably designed as ribs and extend over the axial length of the cylinder liner 1.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment variant in which the ribs are connected in one piece to the cylinder wall 2. This embodiment can be produced easily and inexpensively by varying the spray parameters. It would also be conceivable, as shown in Figure 3, to form the rib by separate profile bars 4, 5, 6, which, for. B. welded onto the cylinder wall 2. Different cross-sectional shapes can be used for. B. triangular 5 or rectangular 4, 6 profile bars.
  • the profile bars can additionally be overmolded, so that the ribs have an embedded core.
  • Figures 4 and 5 disclose further alternative embodiments of the invention.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Zylinderlaufbuchse zum Einsatz in die Zylinderbohrung eines Motorblocks durch thermisches Aufspritzen von Spritzmaterial auf einen als Formkörper dienenden Dorn nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1, sowie die durch dieses Verfahren herstellbare Zylinderlaufbuchse.The invention relates to a method for producing a cylinder liner for Use in the cylinder bore of an engine block by thermal spraying of Spray material on a mandrel serving as a shaped body according to the preamble of claim 1, and the cylinder liner that can be produced by this method.

Der Motorblock von Verbrennungskraftmaschinen besteht üblicherweise aus einer Gußeisen- oder Aluminiumlegierung. In den im Gießverfahren hergestellten Motorblock werden Zylinderlaufbuchsen eingegossen. Als Laufbuchsenwerkstoffe dienen verschleißfeste Metalle oder Metalllegierungen. Diese Zylinderlaufbuchsen können auf verschiedene Art und Weise hergestellt werden.The engine block of internal combustion engines usually consists of one Cast iron or aluminum alloy. In the casting process Engine block, cylinder liners are cast. As sleeve materials serve wear-resistant metals or metal alloys. These cylinder liners can be made in different ways.

Aus der FR-A-2413553 oder FR-A- 1043913 sind gegossene Zylinderlaufbuchsen bekannt. Derartige Zylinderlaufbuchsen werden im Kokillenguss hergestellt. Die Zylinderlaufbuchsen werden als sogenannte nasse Zylinderlaufbuchsen bezeichnet und werden in vorgefertigte Motorblöcke eingepresst. Die Zylinderlaufbuchsen sind nicht zum Eingießen geeignet, da zwischen der Außenumfangsfläche der Zylinderlaufbuchse und des Motorblocks ein Ringspalt verbleiben muss, in den sich das Kühlmittel des Motors erstreckt.From the FR-A-2413553 or FR-A-1043913 are cast cylinder liners known. Such cylinder liners are made in permanent mold casting. The Cylinder liners are referred to as wet cylinder liners and are pressed into prefabricated engine blocks. The cylinder liners are not suitable for pouring, since between the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder liner and the engine block must remain an annular gap in which the coolant of the Motors extends.

Aus der DE PS 12 82 243 ist ein Verfahren zum Herstellen von Aluminiumzylindern mit eingegossenen Stahllaufbuchsen zu entnehmen. Zunächst wird durch thermisches Spritzen ein Stahlrohr erzeugt, welches dann als separater Körper im Metallblock eingelegt wird. Zur Verbindung der Laufbuchse mit dem eingegossenen Material wird in der Laufbuchse ein Unterdruck erzeugt, so daß das geschmolzene Aluminium in die Poren des Stahlrohres eindringt. Um diese aufwendige Verbindungstechnik zu vereinfachen, hat man bereits Zylinderlaufbuchsen aus mehreren Schichten gebildet. From DE PS 12 82 243 is a method for producing aluminum cylinders with cast steel liners. First, by thermal Spraying creates a steel tube, which is then a separate body in the metal block is inserted. To connect the liner with the cast material creates a negative pressure in the liner so that the molten aluminum in the Pores of the steel pipe penetrates. To this complex connection technology too simplify, cylinder liners have already been formed from several layers.

Die die Lauffläche bildende Schicht besteht dabei aus einem verschleißfesten und brandspursicheren Material. Hierauf ist eine äußere Deckschicht z. B. aus einer Aluminiumlegierung aufgespritzt.
Beim Eingießen derartiger Laufbuchsen verbindet sich das flüssige Motorblockmaterial mit der Deckschicht. Die DE 196 05946 C1 offenbart eine solche gattungsgemäße Zylinderlaufbuchse sowie ein Herstellungsverfahren der Zylinderlaufbuchse.
Es hat sich gezeigt, daß es bei komplexen Motorblockgeometrien vorkommen kann, daß während der Erstarrung in Verbindung mit der Schrumpfung des Gußwerkstoffes es zu Spannungen im erkalteten Gußstück kommt. Dieses führt zu erheblichen Verzügen im Bereich der Laufbuchse.
Da die Zylinderlaufbuchsen nach dem Eingießen oftmals noch mechanisch nachbearbeitet werden müssen, kann es dazu führen, daß die Wanddicken der Zylinderlaufbuchsen partiell verringert werden. Im Motorbetrieb stellen diese Bereiche dann kritische Zonen dar, im Hinblick auf thermische, mechanische Stabilität.The layer forming the tread consists of a wear-resistant and fire-proof material. There is an outer cover layer z. B. sprayed from an aluminum alloy.
When such liners are poured in, the liquid engine block material combines with the cover layer. DE 196 05946 C1 discloses such a generic cylinder liner and a manufacturing method of the cylinder liner.
It has been shown that complex engine block geometries can cause stresses in the cooled casting during solidification in connection with the shrinkage of the casting material. This leads to considerable warpage in the area of the liner.
Since the cylinder liners often still have to be mechanically reworked after casting, it can lead to the wall thicknesses of the cylinder liners being partially reduced. In engine operation, these areas then represent critical zones with regard to thermal, mechanical stability.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein gattungsgemäßes Verfahren zur Herstellung eine Zylinderlaufbuchse dahingehend zu verbessern, daß die beim Eingießen bzw. im Motorbetrieb auftretenden Verzüge verhindert werden.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Patentanspruch 1 gelöst.
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen dokumentiert.The invention has for its object to improve a generic method for producing a cylinder liner in such a way that the distortions occurring during casting or in engine operation are prevented.
This object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1.
Advantageous embodiments of the invention are documented in the subclaims.

Erfindungsgemäße Zylinderlaufbuchsen können besonders dünnwandig hergestellt werden, durch die auf der Außenumfangsfläche der Buchse vorgesehene Materialanhäufung wird die Festigkeit der Buchse in wirkungsvoller Weise derart verstärkt, daß nach dem Eingießen des Zylinderblockmaterials keine Verzüge auftreten. Die Materialanhäufung in Form von Rippen ist in der lokalen Anordnung sowie in der Anzahl der Rippen für jeden Anwendungsfall gezielt einstellbar. Vorzugsweise sollte an mindestens drei Umfangsstellen eine Materialanhäufung angeordnet sein. Es können durch Steuerung des Spritzprozesses verschiedene Querschnittformen der Materialanhäufung erzeugt werden. Neben runden können auch eckige Querschnittsformen zur Anwendung gelangen. Bei den Profilstäben ist es von Vorteil, wenn Profile mit hohem Biege- und / oder Torsionswiderstand verwendet werden.Cylinder liners according to the invention can be made particularly thin-walled by the provided on the outer peripheral surface of the socket Material accumulation becomes the strength of the bushing effectively reinforced that no warpage occurs after pouring the cylinder block material. The material accumulation in the form of ribs is in the local arrangement as well as in the Number of ribs specifically adjustable for each application. Preferably should at least three circumferential points a material accumulation can be arranged. It can by controlling the spraying process, different cross-sectional shapes of the Material accumulation are generated. In addition to rounds, square ones can also be used Cross-sectional shapes are used. With the profile bars it is an advantage if profiles with high bending and / or torsional resistance are used.

Die Erfindung ist anhand von Ausfuhrungsbeispielen in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird im folgenden näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
Ansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Zylinderlaufbuchse
Figur 2
Draufsicht auf eine Zylinderlaufbuchse gemäß Fig. 1
Figur 3
Alternative Zylinderlaufbuchse gemäß Fig. 2
Figur 4
Alternative Zylinderlaufbuchse
Figur 5
Alternative Zylinderlaufbuchse
The invention is illustrated in the drawing using exemplary embodiments and is explained in more detail below. Show it:
Figure 1
View of a cylinder liner according to the invention
Figure 2
Top view of a cylinder liner according to FIG. 1
Figure 3
Alternative cylinder liner according to FIG. 2
Figure 4
Alternative cylinder liner
Figure 5
Alternative cylinder liner

Die in der Figur 1 dargestellte Zylinderlaufbuchse 1 ist durch ein thermisches Spritzverfahren hergestellt. Als Spritzmaterialien sind die im Handel erhältlichen Spritzwerkstoffe aus Metall und / oder Metallkeramik einsetzbar. Die Zylinderlaufbuchse 1 weist über den Umfang eine Zylinderwandung 2 auf (Fig. 2), die über den Umfang partiell unterschiedliche Wanddicken besitzt, so daß Wanddickenverstärkungen 3, 3', 3 ", 3''' gebildet sind. Die Wanddickenverstärkungen 3, 3' sind vorzugsweise als Rippen ausgebildet und erstrecken sich über die axiale Länge der Zylinderlaufbuchse 1.
In der Figur 2 ist eine Ausführungsvariante dargestellt, bei der die Rippen einstückig mit der Zylinderwandung 2 verbunden sind. Die Herstellung dieser Ausführungsform ist durch Variation der Spritzparameter leicht und kostengünstig herstellbar.
Denkbar wäre es auch wie in der Figur 3 dargestellt ist, die Rippe durch separate Profilstäbe 4, 5, 6 zu bilden, die z. B. auf die Zylinderwandung 2 aufgeschweißt werden. Es können dabei verschiedene Querschnittsformen zur Anwendung gelangen z. B. dreieckige 5 oder rechteckige 4, 6 Profilstäbe. The cylinder liner 1 shown in FIG. 1 is produced by a thermal spraying process. The spray materials made of metal and / or metal ceramics which are commercially available can be used as spray materials. The cylinder liner 1 has a cylinder wall 2 over the circumference (FIG. 2), which has partially different wall thicknesses over the circumference, so that wall thickness reinforcements 3, 3 ', 3 ", 3""are formed. The wall thickness reinforcements 3, 3' are preferably designed as ribs and extend over the axial length of the cylinder liner 1.
FIG. 2 shows an embodiment variant in which the ribs are connected in one piece to the cylinder wall 2. This embodiment can be produced easily and inexpensively by varying the spray parameters.
It would also be conceivable, as shown in Figure 3, to form the rib by separate profile bars 4, 5, 6, which, for. B. welded onto the cylinder wall 2. Different cross-sectional shapes can be used for. B. triangular 5 or rectangular 4, 6 profile bars.

Nach der Verbindung mit der Zylinderwand 2 können die Profilstäbe zusätzlich überspritzt werden, so daß die Rippen einen eingebetteten Kern aufweisen.
Die Figuren 4 und 5 offenbaren weitere alternative Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung. Die Materialanhäufungen 3", 3''' liegen jeweils diametral gegenüber und sind spritztechnisch hergestellt.After the connection to the cylinder wall 2, the profile bars can additionally be overmolded, so that the ribs have an embedded core.
Figures 4 and 5 disclose further alternative embodiments of the invention. The material accumulations 3 ", 3 '''are diametrically opposed and are produced by injection molding.

Claims (9)

  1. Method of manufacturing a cylinder liner to be inserted into the cylinder bore of an engine block by thermal spraying of spray material onto a rotating mandrel serving as a mould body, characterised in that first the mandrel serving as a mould body is rotated constantly relative to the spraying tool such that a layer with a defined constant wall thickness (2) is produced during the spraying, and in that then the mandrel rotates periodically and inconstantly relative to the spraying tool, such that wall-thickness reinforcements (3, 3', 3'', 3''') are formed at defined circumferential locations.
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that, after the spraying process at a constant speed of rotation, the mandrel is brought to a standstill and separate shaped rods (4, 5, 6) are secured to the outer circumferential surface of the layer.
  3. Method according to claim 2, characterised in that the shaped rods (4, 5, 6) are covered with a spray-coating.
  4. Cylinder liner to be inserted into the cylinder bore of an engine block and obtainable by the method according to claim 1, wherein the cylinder liner is produced by thermal spraying of spray material onto a rotating mandrel serving as a mould body, characterised in that the cylinder wall (2) has different wall thicknesses in the circumferential direction, such that wall-thickness reinforcements (3, 3' , 3'', 3''') are partially formed.
  5. Cylinder liner according to claim 4, characterised in that the wall-thickness reinforcements (3, 3', 3'', 3''') extend in an axial direction over the length of the cylinder liner.
  6. Cylinder liner according to claims 4 and 5, characterised in that the wall-thickness reinforcements (3, 3', 3'', 3''') are configured as ribs.
  7. Cylinder liner according to claim 6, characterised in that the ribs are connected as one piece to the cylinder wall (2).
  8. Cylinder liner according to claims 6 and 7, characterised in that the ribs have an embedded core.
  9. Cylinder liner according to claim 8, characterised in that the core is configured as a shaped metal rod (4, 5, 6).
EP99115940A 1998-10-02 1999-08-13 Process for producing a cylinder liner and the thus produced cylinder liner Expired - Lifetime EP0990475B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19845347A DE19845347C1 (en) 1998-10-02 1998-10-02 Cylinder liner
DE19845347 1998-10-02

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0990475A1 EP0990475A1 (en) 2000-04-05
EP0990475B1 true EP0990475B1 (en) 2003-12-17

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EP99115940A Expired - Lifetime EP0990475B1 (en) 1998-10-02 1999-08-13 Process for producing a cylinder liner and the thus produced cylinder liner

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US (1) US6182629B1 (en)
EP (1) EP0990475B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2000110658A (en)
DE (2) DE19845347C1 (en)
ES (1) ES2209296T3 (en)

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DE10235910B4 (en) * 2002-08-06 2013-02-28 Peak-Werkstoff Gmbh Composite of cylinder liners made of light metal alloy, method for producing a composite and method for pouring a composite
DE10235911B3 (en) * 2002-08-06 2004-04-15 Peak-Werkstoff Gmbh Cast composite of hollow profiles made of light metal alloy and process for its production
US20050150476A1 (en) * 2002-08-06 2005-07-14 Uwe Gohrbandt Combination of cylinder liners consisting of a light metal alloy
DE10324279B4 (en) * 2003-05-28 2006-04-06 Daimlerchrysler Ag Use of FeC alloy to renew the surface of cylinder liners
DE10338386B3 (en) * 2003-08-21 2004-12-09 Daimlerchrysler Ag Prefabricated molded blank of an annular or hollow cylindrical component used as a housing in a reciprocating piston machine has temperature-dependent layers which are varied and optimized using a bimetal effect
DE10347510B3 (en) * 2003-10-13 2005-04-28 Federal Mogul Burscheid Gmbh Cylinder lining for internal combustion engine blocks comprises a first layer applied on an outer surface of the lining in one end of the lining and a second layer applied on an outer surface of the lining in another end of the lining
DE102004007774A1 (en) * 2004-02-18 2005-09-15 Mahle Gmbh Bushing for an internal combustion engine
US7191770B1 (en) 2005-06-07 2007-03-20 Brunswick Corporation Insulated cylinder liner for a marine engine
DE102009016933A1 (en) 2009-04-08 2010-06-17 Daimler Ag Cylinder liner for an internal combustion engine, comprises two concentric layers such as an outwardly lying bearing layer viewed in a radial direction and an inwardly lying functional layer, which serves as a carrier of a piston
DE102009021067B4 (en) * 2009-05-13 2015-07-30 Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh Thin-walled insert for a cylinder of a piston engine and a cylinder liner, cylinder and engine block of a piston engine, and method for their production
DE102011085476A1 (en) * 2011-10-28 2013-05-02 Ks Kolbenschmidt Gmbh Functionally optimized design of a cylinder liner
DE102011056942B3 (en) 2011-12-22 2013-05-29 Magna BDW technologies GmbH Method for producing thin-walled rotationally symmetrical components made of aluminum or aluminum alloy
DE102012211866A1 (en) 2012-07-06 2014-01-09 Mahle International Gmbh Cylinder liner
DE102012015405B4 (en) * 2012-08-03 2014-07-03 Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh Cylinder liner and method for its production
DE102012216518A1 (en) * 2012-09-17 2014-03-20 Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh Cylinder liner with wear-resistant inner layer
KR20140140283A (en) * 2013-05-29 2014-12-09 현대중공업 주식회사 Cylinder liner structure for engine
US10247129B2 (en) 2017-02-22 2019-04-02 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Cylinder liner for internal combustion engine
US10253721B2 (en) 2017-04-12 2019-04-09 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Cylinder liner for internal combustion engine
CN109469816B (en) * 2018-12-25 2021-01-22 北华航天工业学院 Composite material shell and preparation method thereof
DE102019216820B4 (en) 2019-01-11 2022-05-19 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Liquid-cooled internal combustion engine with at least one cylinder tube

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US5958520A (en) * 1998-07-13 1999-09-28 Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Method of staggering reversal of thermal spray inside a cylinder bore

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Publication number Publication date
JP2000110658A (en) 2000-04-18
DE19845347C1 (en) 2000-03-30
US6182629B1 (en) 2001-02-06
DE59908080D1 (en) 2004-01-29
EP0990475A1 (en) 2000-04-05
ES2209296T3 (en) 2004-06-16

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