EP0985776A2 - Wall system - Google Patents

Abstract

Wall (1) consists of a number of bricks (2) arranged in the wall so that the axis (4) of the hollow spaces (3) is essentially vertical and the individual layers of the bricks are bound by a mortar layer (5). The mortar layer is a thin bed mortar layer applied on one part of the horizontal layer of the multi-chamber bricks (2). Wall (1) consists of a number of bricks (2) arranged in the wall so that the axis (4) of the hollow spaces (3) is essentially vertical and the individual layers of the bricks are bound by a mortar layer (5). The mortar layer is a thin bed mortar layer applied on one part of the horizontal layer of the multi-chamber bricks (2). The openings (6) of the hollow spaces (3) are closed on the surfaces (O) of the bricks.

Description

• wobei jeder einzelne Mauerstein mindestens einen, sich entlang einer Koordinatenrichtung des Mauersteins erstreckenden Hohlraum aufweist,
• wobei eine Vielzahl von Mauersteinen in der Mauer so angeordnet sind, daß die Achse des jeweils mindestens einen Hohlraums im wesentlichen vertikal angeordnet ist, und
• wobei die einzelnen horizontalen Lagen von Mauersteinen mit einer Mörtelschicht verbunden sind.

The invention relates to a wall, consisting of a plurality of essentially cuboid bricks,

• wherein each individual brick has at least one cavity that extends along a coordinate direction of the brick,
• wherein a plurality of bricks are arranged in the wall so that the axis of the at least one cavity is arranged substantially vertically, and
• the individual horizontal layers of bricks are connected with a layer of mortar.

A wall of the generic type is for example from DE 44 05 796 A1 known. There is a wall and a method of creating a masonry described. The wall consists of stones of all kinds with at least upwards open cavities, chambers or the like, in particular made of perforated stones and hollow bricks. Around the bricking of blocks with several Cavities, chambers or the like using thin-bed mortar (i.e. adhesive) while largely reducing the bearing joint thickness when the Providing the stability of the finished masonry by laypeople sees there described invention before that in the area of the bed joint of the stones fabric strips are applied, which taper the hole cross section of the stone openings. These strips of fabric prevent the mortar material from falling in and ensure at the same time the bonding of the stone layers to each other. This will help Using highly insulating blocks and a thin bed mortar a homogeneous Wall created with consistently good thermal insulation values.

Already the mentioned script recognizes the problem that with a wall Hochlochstein the effect can occur that vertical "chimneys" over the total wall height result, which not only the thermal insulation behavior negative influence, but also deteriorate the sound insulation of the masonry.

However, the use of the fabric strips provided there does not require only increased material requirements and thus higher costs, including the construction of the wall is more complex and therefore more expensive.

The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a wall with which or with which it is possible to improve the heat and sound insulation properties of the wall without higher material and manufacturing costs and at the same time to enable the wall to be particularly simple Way can be created.

The solution to this problem by the invention is characterized in that the mortar layer (5) is a thin-bed mortar layer and is applied to at least part of the horizontal position of the bricks (2) such that the openings (6) of the cavities (3) on the The surface (O) of the bricks (2) are essentially closed over their entire surface.

According to the invention, this takes place without the use of further means, in particular without the previously known strips of fabric. By closing the vertical cavities the stones in at least two layers per room height or only after each fourth horizontal stone layer ensures that there are none in the wall Can create "chimneys" that extend over the entire floor height. Rather, the wall has good heat and sound insulation. So it's not required that each joint is "covered" according to the invention. In the others A thin-bed mortar can also be grouted using an immersion or roller method be applied.

According to a first training it is provided that the bricks (2) according to DIN or approval are established. The individual building blocks are often included Tongue and groove executed so that both the alignment easier and the Stability is higher. The tongue and groove supported arrangement always takes place in the way that the grooves and tongues are in the butt joint.

In most cases, building blocks are used to save weight and materials are provided with cavities. These so-called multi-chamber stones show sometimes a large number of air chambers (e.g. 2, 4 or 9 chambers) that cover the Not only make stone lighter and save material, but also thermal insulation increase. The dimensions of the air chambers are based on DIN 18148, 18151 and 18153.

The multi-chamber brick (2) is preferably a brick and the ends of the cavities (3) have a cut burr (7) in the area of the surface (O) of the stone (2) on. This cutting ridge reduces the proportion of holes in the stone on the stone surface, so that the closure of the stone cavity on the stone surface is facilitated.

The thickness of the mortar layer (5) is preferably between 1 and 3 millimeters. A particularly simple realization of the inventive idea results if the Mortar of the mortar layer (5) is a dry thin-bed mortar, as detailed in the simultaneously filed patent application by the same applicant with the Description: "dry thin-bed mortar" describes which binder, Surcharge and additives contains, the surcharge of dense rock and porous, water-absorbing lightweight aggregate and the largest grain of Surcharge corresponds to the average joint thickness and the proportion of dense rock in the surcharge is at least 85% by volume.

The joint thickness is preferably 2 millimeters, the proportion of the dense rock in the surcharge between 85 and 95 vol .-%. The binder advantageously consists made of cement.

According to training, it can also be provided that the porous, water-absorbent Light aggregate is selected from the group consisting of perlite, Vermiculite and pumice. The dense rock can also be quartz sand. Here the quartz sand has a sieve line of 0 to 1 millimeter and the light aggregate have from 0 to 2 millimeters.

According to a further training, the mortar contains at least one additive to Adjustment of water retention; it can also contain cellulose ether. Furthermore, the mortar preferably contains at least one plasticizer as an additive, at least one air entraining agent, at least one stabilizer, at least one Retarder and at least one additive to increase the bond.

The idea according to the invention can be realized particularly easily if a ton of the dry mortar mass is sufficient 300 - 400 kg Portland cement 10 - 50 kg lime 510 - 800 kg Sand dense 0-1 mm 10 - 40 kg Light surcharge 0 - 2 mm and 0.5-10 kg Additions exist.

The mortar of the mortar layer (5) is preferably produced by joining of 100 kg of a dry thin-bed mortar according to the above recipe with 25 to 30 kg of water depending on the suction behavior of the stone and subsequent sufficient Mix.

When applied, the mortar preferably has a viscosity of 0.8 to 1.2 Ncm.
The wall according to the invention can be created particularly advantageously when the brick (2) is a brick and the height of the brick (2) corresponds to the required wall dimension, the brick (2) being installed without post-processing, in particular without grinding, and the Openings (6) of the cavity (3) on the surface (0) of the brick (2) have burrs (7). A multiple of the sum of the stone height and average joint thickness preferably corresponds to the standard size.

The masonry stone is used for precise positioning with a thin-bed mortar (2) in particular a brick height of 123 millimeters, 248 millimeters or 498 millimeters with a tolerance of at most ± 2.5 millimeters, preferably ± 1.5 millimeters.

So it is achieved that the full-surface, tight hole-bridging joints allow the freshly bricked stones sufficiently long and long can be corrected, any number of stones without swimming the stones immediately can be applied one after the other and are precisely aligned, firm and stable Masonry is created.

When creating the wall according to the invention can apply to mortar and Masonry used a special processing technique that is based on the Geometry and the weight of the stones, the suction behavior of the porous brick material and is tailored to the hole formation.

Fig. 1

zeigt schematisch die erfindungsgemäße Mauer in perspektivischer Ansicht, wobei drei Steinlagen dargestellt sind, in

Fig. 2

ist ein einzelner Mauerstein während seiner Verarbeitung zu sehen und

Fig. 3

stellt einen einzelnen Mauerstein mit den Schnittgraten dar.

An exemplary embodiment according to the invention is shown in the drawing:

Fig. 1

schematically shows the wall according to the invention in perspective view, three stone layers are shown in

Fig. 2

a single brick can be seen and processed during its processing

Fig. 3

represents a single brick with the ridges.

Figures 1 and 2 show the wall according to the invention or a single stone according to the invention during bricking. The wall (1) in Fig.1 consists of a variety of bricks (2). All stones have cavities (3) which extend along an axis (4) through the entire stone. In the case shown in FIG. 1, each stone has nine cavities (3).
The individual stones (2) are walled up in that - after several stones (2) are positioned next to one another - a layer of mortar (5) is applied in a known manner. The next stone layer is also placed in a known manner on this layer of mortar.

The mortar layer - preferably consisting of the recipe explained above - is due to the constituents and consistency of the mortar able to Cover openings (6) on the surface (0) of the respective stone (2) so that the openings (6) are closed.

This ensures that the cavities (3) of each individual stone (2) - see here in particular Fig. 3 - are completed on their surface and so none Can form cavities that extend over the entire floor height. This would have the disadvantage that both the heat and the sound insulation behavior the wall would be bad.

The mortar sinks into the openings (6) due to the material properties and prevents the consistency of the mortar and on the other hand also thereby making it difficult for the cavities (3) to cut burrs in the region of the openings (6) (7), (see Fig. 3).

As detailed in the same patent application filed at the same time Applicant with the designation: "Brick and process for its manufacture" For this purpose, stones (2) are preferably described according to the following Process produced: A material mixture is mixed in a mixing container, which is fed to an extrusion press, which is at an exit speed drives out. The extruder profiles the material mixture in such a way that the extrudate corresponds to the cross section of the desired stone. The extrusion press is one Cutting device connected downstream with a separating wire, which is vertically movable, with which pieces can be separated from the extruded profile. The Cut to length is such that stone blanks with the desired brick height surrender.

In order to achieve a high accuracy of the cutting of the separating wire, the Cutting device at the moment of cutting at the strand exit speed moves, so that - despite the further movement - there is a straight cut. The length of the strand is cut to such an accuracy that the stone height is within a small tolerance, with an order of magnitude of ± 1.5 millimeters can be aimed for. In this case the brick can be used without any post-processing (grinding) can be installed directly as a facing brick. By the separation of the stone by means of the separating wire is formed on the surface (O) of the stone (2), (see Fig. 3) in the area of the openings (6) of the cavity (3) Cutting burrs (7).

Burrs are generally undesirable; during grinding post-processing according to the prior art, they are therefore also by the Grinding removed. However, the present invention deliberately uses the ridges (7): The ridge (7) is a support for the mortar (5) during the masonry is applied. This makes it easier to open the openings (6) of the cavities (3) be covered so that a continuous layer of mortar forms, which The openings (6) are completely closed.

The stones (2) are preferably cut to the wall dimension. For the sake of easy The stones are built to 123 millimeters, 248 millimeters or 498 millimeters cut, with a tolerance of at most ± 2.5 millimeters, preferably of ± 1.5 millimeters. This enables a positionally accurate installation with a light wall mortar.

Known ones can be used to apply the mortar layer (5) to the stone surface (O) Mortar application slides are used. Mortar applicators are preferred used in DE 297 18 544 U1 and DE 298 11 865.3 U1 are described. This allows the application of a thin bed mortar in take place in a particularly simple and precise manner.

The technology described above enables full-area, dense and hole-bridging To create thin bed joints in the bricking, which the Prevent the described "chimney effect".

The freshly bricked stones are sufficient during the bricking correctable far and long, and there can be as many layers without "Swimming" of the stones can be applied immediately one after the other. This creates a proper, precisely aligned, firm and stable Masonry. The bridging thin bed joints create physical advantages regarding sound and heat insulation.

Reference symbol list:

1

Wall

2nd

Brick

3rd

cavity

4th

Axis of the cavity 3

5

Mortar layer

6

Opening the cavity 3

7

Cutting edge

O

Brick surface 2

Claims (21)

Wall (1) consisting of a plurality of substantially cuboid Stones (2), a large number of which are arranged in the wall (1) in such a way that the axis (4) of the cavities (3) is arranged essentially vertically, and wherein the individual horizontal layers of the stones (2) with a layer of mortar are connected, characterized in that the mortar layer (5) is a thin bed mortar layer and so on at least part of the horizontal position of the multi-chamber stones (2) is applied that the Openings (6) of the cavities (3) on the surface (O) of the stones (2) in are essentially completely closed. Wall according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the multi-chamber stones (2) are manufactured according to DIN or approval. Wall according to one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the Multi-chamber stone is a brick and the ends of the cavities (3) in the area have a cut burr (7) on the surface (O) of the stone (2). Wall according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the The thickness of the mortar layer (5) is between 1 and 3 millimeters. Wall according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the Mortar of the mortar layer (5) is a dry thin-bed mortar, which binder, Supplement and additions included, the supplement being dense Rock and porous, water-absorbing light aggregate exists and where the maximum grain of the aggregate corresponds to the average joint thickness and the Proportion of dense rock in the aggregate is at least 85% by volume. Wall according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the Joint thickness is 2 millimeters. Wall according to claim 6, characterized in that the proportion of the dense Rock in the aggregate is between 85 and 95 vol .-%. Wall according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the binder consists of cement. Wall according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the porous, water-absorbing light aggregate is selected from the group consisting of pearlite, vermiculite and pumice. Wall according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the dense rock is quartz sand. Wall according to one of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that the Quartz sand has a sieve line from 0 to 1 millimeter and the light aggregate from 0 have up to 2 millimeters. Wall according to one of claims 6 to 11, characterized in that the Mortar at least one additive to adjust the water retention contains. Wall according to claim 12, characterized in that the mortar is cellulose ether contains. Wall according to one of claims 6 to 13, characterized in that the Mortar as an additive at least one plasticizer, at least one air entraining agent, at least one stabilizer, at least one retarder and contains at least one additive to increase the adhesive bond. Wall according to one of claims 6 to 14, characterized in that a ton of the dry mortar mass 300 - 400 kg Portland cement 10 - 50 kg lime 510 - 800 kg Sand tight 0 - 1mm 10 - 40 kg Light surcharge 0 - 2 mm and 0.5-10 kg Additives consists. Wall according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the Mortar of the mortar layer (5) is made by joining 100 kg a dry thin-bed mortar according to one of claims 6 to 14 with 25 up to 30 kg water, depending on the suction behavior of the stone and subsequent sufficient mixing. Wall according to claim 16, characterized in that the mortar in Processing state has a viscosity of 0.8 to 1.2 Ncm. Wall according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the Multi-chamber stone is a brick and the height of the stone (2) is the required Wall dimension corresponds, the stone (2) without finishing, in particular without grinding, is installed and the openings (6) the cavities (3) on the surface (O) of the brick (2) ridges (7) exhibit. Wall according to claim 18, characterized in that a multiple of Sum of stone height and average joint thickness corresponds to the standard size. Wall according to claim 18, characterized in that the brick (2) a brick height for precise positioning with a thin-bed mortar of 123 millimeters, 248 millimeters or 498 millimeters a tolerance of at most ± 2.5 millimeters, preferably ± 1.5 millimeters. Wall according to one of claims 1 to 20, wherein the full-surface, dense Hole-bridging joints allow the freshly bricked stones can be corrected sufficiently long and long, any number of stones without Floating stones can be applied immediately one after the other precisely aligned, firm and stable masonry is created.

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