EP0985739A1 - Verfahren zum Härten von Kolbenkronen und Kolbenkrone - Google Patents
Verfahren zum Härten von Kolbenkronen und Kolbenkrone Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0985739A1 EP0985739A1 EP98117125A EP98117125A EP0985739A1 EP 0985739 A1 EP0985739 A1 EP 0985739A1 EP 98117125 A EP98117125 A EP 98117125A EP 98117125 A EP98117125 A EP 98117125A EP 0985739 A1 EP0985739 A1 EP 0985739A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- piston
- piston crown
- zone
- hardness
- hardening
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/24—Nitriding
- C23C8/26—Nitriding of ferrous surfaces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F7/00—Casings, e.g. crankcases or frames
- F02F2007/0097—Casings, e.g. crankcases or frames for large diesel engines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2201/00—Metals
- F05C2201/04—Heavy metals
- F05C2201/0433—Iron group; Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2201/00—Metals
- F05C2201/04—Heavy metals
- F05C2201/0433—Iron group; Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel
- F05C2201/0448—Steel
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for hardening at least a portion of the surface of steel piston crowns and a steel piston crown, in particular for Large diesel engines.
- Piston systems are essential components of large diesel engines, such as those used be used in the type of ship and in the power plant industry. Because of that too Large engines are constantly stricter exhaust emissions limits the piston system of paramount importance, since here with regard to temperature stress, force and wear extreme conditions prevail. Pistons of modern high-performance diesel engines therefore mainly consist of several components around the to take different requirements into account.
- the piston crown, the top one, the Combustion chamber represents opposite element and the whole Passes through the combustion process, forms the most vulnerable part in such System.
- Piston crowns are made of a special steel and are usually exchangeable after reaching the wear limit.
- the object of the invention is therefore a method for hardening at least one Partial area of the surface of piston crowns made of steel, in particular the piston ring grooves, to provide, which the previously used procedures with regard to Wear resistance is superior.
- Nitriding as such is a well known technical process to remove metals from the surface to harden and thereby improve wear behavior.
- Process according to the invention all previous processes both in technical and in is clearly superior in terms of cost.
- Nitriding does not only result in one increased wear resistance in the groove area, but also causes a higher resistance against hot corrosion and pitting (hole formation due to micro movements).
- the following A comparison shows that nitriding has brought about decisive improvements are not limited to the groove area, but at the same time have a higher resistance have brought in both the mechanical and chemical sectors.
- nitriding is carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- a pore hem is preferably used from the outside inwards Connection zone and a diffusion zone formed.
- the pore hem preferably has a hardness of 58 to 60 Rockwell.
- the connection zone has preferably a hardness of 78 to 82 Rockwell, and the diffusion zone preferably one Hardness from 60 to 65 Rockwell.
- mating surfaces of the piston crown are used for the fixed connection serve other parts of the piston system, ground after nitriding.
- the pore hem zone is removed during grinding.
- the groove inner surfaces from piston ring receiving grooves not be ground after nitriding.
- the invention also relates to a piston crown made of steel, in particular for Large diesel engines, which according to the invention are characterized in that at least one Part of the surface of the piston crown is hardened by nitriding.
- the surface is preferably hardened in a nitrogen atmosphere. It can be provided that the hardened surface, from the outside in, a pore hem, a Connection zone and a diffusion zone.
- the pore hem can have a hardness of 58 to 60 Rockwell, the connection zone a hardness of 78 to 82 Rockwell and the diffusion zone have a hardness of 60 to 65 Rockwell.
- mating surfaces that are used for the fixed connection with other Piston parts serve, after nitriding are ground. It is preferably provided that the pore hem is worn.
- Groove inner surfaces of piston ring receiving grooves are preferably not after hardening ground.
- Fig. 1 shows in a highly schematic manner in half section one designated overall by 1 Piston, whose area facing the combustion chamber is formed by a piston crown 2 which is shown with solid lines.
- the piston crown 2 is on its outer surface interacting with the cylinder running surface provided with a row (in the present example three) piston ring grooves 3, which in known Way to accommodate piston rings.
- the piston rings to be used show both in relation to the respective groove base (i.e. in the radial direction) as well a certain amount of play in relation to the groove side surfaces (i.e. in the axial direction).
- Level mating surfaces 4 serve to connect the Piston crown 2 with the remaining part of the piston 1 and in particular for transferring the considerable axial forces during the combustion phase. Because of the Large diesel engines are used in high compression ratios mentioned mating surfaces next to the piston ring grooves the most mechanical Surfaces of the piston crown 2 exposed to wear.
- Fig. 2 shows a 6.5 times enlarged representation of the nitrided according to the invention Structure in the area of the piston ring grooves.
- the free cross section of the groove and the outside of the Piston crown lying area (top in Fig. 2) are shown in black during the Material of the piston crown in the hardened edge areas a three-layer structure reveals.
- the diffusion zone 7 closes, in Fig. 2, just as a line running around the outermost edge of the material recognizable, an edge zone 8, the structure of which will be explained in detail.
- FIG. 3 shows a further metallographic structural representation of a device according to the invention hardened edge area of a piston crown in a hundredfold magnification, i.e. across from Fig. 2 enlarged about 15 times, the relatively light core structure 6, the relatively dark Diffusion zone 7 and the bright edge zone 8 are now clearly recognizable.
- FIGS Micrographs shown in 500x magnification. Because of the strong The core structure is missing in FIGS. 4 and 5, while the diffusion zone 7 (respectively below) and the bright edge zone 8 above it can be clearly seen.
- the edge zone 8 has a two-layer structure, namely initially adjacent to the diffusion zone 7, a so-called connection zone 8a and one a slightly darker outermost zone lying above, which is referred to as pore hem 8b. Pore border 8b and connection zone 8a are also shown in FIG. 4 by an intermediate one running dark line visibly demarcated from each other.
- the brittle pore hem 8b which is up to 20 ⁇ m thick, has a hardness of approximately 58 to 60 Rockwell on.
- the connecting zone 8a with a thickness of approximately 6 to 10 ⁇ m has a hardness of approximately 78 to 82 Rockwell.
- the underlying diffusion zone which is a much greater thickness than has the two aforementioned zones, has a hardness of about 60 to 65 Rockwell.
- the Diffusion zone hardness increases with increasing thickness or distance from the surface from, since the effect of nitriding due to the diffusion processes that control it the depth decreases.
- the core hardness of the piston crown material is in this example 290 HV 10.
- the mating surfaces 4 must be in order to produce the required fit tolerances Hardness be ground.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Kolbenkrone | Verschleiß Nuten | Oberfläche Heißkorrosion | Widerstand gegen chemische Korrosion | Paßflächen; Widerstand gegen Reibungskorrosion |
Krone # 1 Keine besondere Behandlung | Hoch | Starker Verschleiß u. Lochbildung | Niedrig | Niedrig |
Krone # 2 Nutenbereich induktiv gehärtet | Relativ hoch, nur bedingt im Schweröl-Betrieb einsetzbar | Dto. | Niedrig | Niedrig |
Krone # 3 Nutenbereich verchromt | Niedrig, Kosten relativ hoch, Gefahr des Abplatzens der Chromschicht | Dto. | Niedrig | Niedrig |
Krone # 4 Nitriert | Sehr niedrig, ca. 50% des Verschleißes einer verchromten Nut | Erhöhter Widerstand gegen Heißkorrosion | Gut | Hoch wegen größerer Härte der Flächen |
Claims (18)
- Verfahren zum Härten zumindest eines Teilbereichs der Oberfläche von Kolbenkronen (2) aus Stahl, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Härten durch Nitrieren erfolgt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in einer Stickstoffatmosphäre nitriert wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß beim Härten, von außen nach innen, ein Porensaum (4), eine Verbindungszone (8a) und eine Diffusionszone (8b) gebildet werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Porensaum (4) eine Härte von 58 bis 60 Rockwell hat.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verbindungszone (8a) eine Härte von 78 bis 82 Rockwell hat.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Diffusionszone (8b) eine Härte von 60 bis 65 Rockwell hat.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Paßflächen (4), die zur festen Verbindung mit weiteren Kolbenteilen dienen, nach dem Nitrieren geschliffen werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß beim Schleifen der Porensaum (8b) abgetragen wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Nutinnenflächen von Kolbenring-Aufnahmenuten (3) nach dem Härten nicht geschliffen werden.
- Kolbenkrone (2) aus Stahl, insbesondere für Großdieselmotoren, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zumindest ein Teilbereich der Oberfläche der Kolbenkrone durch Nitrieren gehärtet ist.
- Kolbenkrone nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Oberfläche in einer Stickstoffatmosphäre gehärtet ist.
- Kolbenkrone nach Anspruch 10 oder 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die gehärtete Oberfläche, von außen nach innen, einen Porensaum (8b), eine Verbindungszone (8a) und eine Diffusionszone (7) aufweist.
- Kolbenkrone nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Porensaum (8b) eine Härte von 58 bis 60 Rockwell hat.
- Kolbenkrone nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verbindungszone (8a) eine Härte von 78 bis 82 Rockwell hat.
- Kolbenkrone nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Diffusionszone (7) eine Härte von 60 bis 65 Rockwell hat.
- Kolbenkrone nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Paßflächen (4), die zur festen Verbindung mit weiteren Kolbenteilen dienen, nach dem Nitrieren geschliffen sind.
- Kolbenkrone nach Anspruch 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Porensaum (8b) abgetragen ist.
- Kolbenkrone nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Nutinnenflächen von Kolbenring-Aufnahmenuten (3) nach dem Härten nicht geschliffen sind.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE59808370T DE59808370D1 (de) | 1998-09-10 | 1998-09-10 | Verfahren zum Härten von Kolbenkronen und Kolbenkrone |
EP19980117125 EP0985739B1 (de) | 1998-09-10 | 1998-09-10 | Verfahren zum Härten von Kolbenkronen und Kolbenkrone |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP19980117125 EP0985739B1 (de) | 1998-09-10 | 1998-09-10 | Verfahren zum Härten von Kolbenkronen und Kolbenkrone |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0985739A1 true EP0985739A1 (de) | 2000-03-15 |
EP0985739B1 EP0985739B1 (de) | 2003-05-14 |
Family
ID=8232606
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19980117125 Expired - Lifetime EP0985739B1 (de) | 1998-09-10 | 1998-09-10 | Verfahren zum Härten von Kolbenkronen und Kolbenkrone |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0985739B1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE59808370D1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1350601A1 (de) * | 2002-04-02 | 2003-10-08 | Winergy AG | Verfahren zur Behandlung von Verzahnungen |
DE102010033881A1 (de) | 2010-08-10 | 2012-02-16 | Mahle International Gmbh | Kolben für einen Verbrennungsmotor und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2144238A1 (de) * | 1970-09-08 | 1972-03-16 | Berghaus Elektrophysik Anst | Verfahren zur Verfestigung der Oberfläche von Werkstücken aus Eisen und Stahl |
DE2934027A1 (de) * | 1978-08-23 | 1980-04-03 | Nippon Piston Ring Co Ltd | Verschleissfestes gleitstueck fuer brennkraftmaschinen |
EP0007661B1 (de) * | 1978-07-27 | 1981-09-23 | KOLBENSCHMIDT Aktiengesellschaft | Gebauter, flüssigkeitsgekühlter Kolben für Brennkraftmaschinen |
DE3212338C2 (de) * | 1981-04-03 | 1983-02-24 | M.A.N. Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg AG, 8900 Augsburg | Verfahren zur Herstellung von hochbelastbaren Maschinenteilen, insbesondere Brennkraftmaschinenteilen |
US4643079A (en) * | 1985-03-28 | 1987-02-17 | General Motors Corporation | Iron piston having selectively hardened ring groove |
US4918806A (en) * | 1988-02-18 | 1990-04-24 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Method for manufacturing a piston |
DE4239593A1 (de) * | 1991-11-25 | 1993-05-27 | Nippon Piston Ring Co Ltd | |
JPH09170489A (ja) * | 1995-12-19 | 1997-06-30 | Komatsu Ltd | 内燃機関用鋳鉄ピストン |
-
1998
- 1998-09-10 DE DE59808370T patent/DE59808370D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-09-10 EP EP19980117125 patent/EP0985739B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2144238A1 (de) * | 1970-09-08 | 1972-03-16 | Berghaus Elektrophysik Anst | Verfahren zur Verfestigung der Oberfläche von Werkstücken aus Eisen und Stahl |
EP0007661B1 (de) * | 1978-07-27 | 1981-09-23 | KOLBENSCHMIDT Aktiengesellschaft | Gebauter, flüssigkeitsgekühlter Kolben für Brennkraftmaschinen |
DE2934027A1 (de) * | 1978-08-23 | 1980-04-03 | Nippon Piston Ring Co Ltd | Verschleissfestes gleitstueck fuer brennkraftmaschinen |
DE3212338C2 (de) * | 1981-04-03 | 1983-02-24 | M.A.N. Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg AG, 8900 Augsburg | Verfahren zur Herstellung von hochbelastbaren Maschinenteilen, insbesondere Brennkraftmaschinenteilen |
US4643079A (en) * | 1985-03-28 | 1987-02-17 | General Motors Corporation | Iron piston having selectively hardened ring groove |
US4918806A (en) * | 1988-02-18 | 1990-04-24 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Method for manufacturing a piston |
DE4239593A1 (de) * | 1991-11-25 | 1993-05-27 | Nippon Piston Ring Co Ltd | |
JPH09170489A (ja) * | 1995-12-19 | 1997-06-30 | Komatsu Ltd | 内燃機関用鋳鉄ピストン |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
F. HOFFMANN ET AL.: "VERSCHLEISSWIDERSTAND NITRIERTER UND NITROCARBURIERTER STÄHLE", HÄRTEREI TECHNISCHE MITTEILUNGEN, vol. 52, no. 6, November 1997 (1997-11-01), pages 376 - 386, XP000735232 * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 097, no. 010 31 October 1997 (1997-10-31) * |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1350601A1 (de) * | 2002-04-02 | 2003-10-08 | Winergy AG | Verfahren zur Behandlung von Verzahnungen |
DE102010033881A1 (de) | 2010-08-10 | 2012-02-16 | Mahle International Gmbh | Kolben für einen Verbrennungsmotor und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
WO2012019592A1 (de) | 2010-08-10 | 2012-02-16 | Mahle International Gmbh | Kolben für einen verbrennungsmotor und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
US8635982B2 (en) | 2010-08-10 | 2014-01-28 | Mahle International Gmbh | Piston for an internal combustion engine and method for its production |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0985739B1 (de) | 2003-05-14 |
DE59808370D1 (de) | 2003-06-18 |
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