EP0982414A1 - Multilobale Hohlfilamente mit Versteifungsrippen und Versteifungszonen - Google Patents

Multilobale Hohlfilamente mit Versteifungsrippen und Versteifungszonen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0982414A1
EP0982414A1 EP98116225A EP98116225A EP0982414A1 EP 0982414 A1 EP0982414 A1 EP 0982414A1 EP 98116225 A EP98116225 A EP 98116225A EP 98116225 A EP98116225 A EP 98116225A EP 0982414 A1 EP0982414 A1 EP 0982414A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lobe
filament
core portion
slot
opening
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Granted
Application number
EP98116225A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0982414B1 (de
Inventor
Walter Bernaschek
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EIDP Inc
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EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority to EP19980116225 priority Critical patent/EP0982414B1/de
Application filed by EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co filed Critical EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
Priority to DE69823497T priority patent/DE69823497T2/de
Priority to CA002336903A priority patent/CA2336903A1/en
Priority to US09/763,722 priority patent/US6447903B1/en
Priority to AU60214/99A priority patent/AU749162B2/en
Priority to JP2000567767A priority patent/JP2002523645A/ja
Priority to PCT/US1999/019610 priority patent/WO2000012789A1/en
Publication of EP0982414A1 publication Critical patent/EP0982414A1/de
Priority to US10/176,474 priority patent/US6660377B2/en
Priority to US10/673,841 priority patent/US20040086594A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0982414B1 publication Critical patent/EP0982414B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/253—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a non-circular cross section; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/24—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a hollow structure; Spinnerette packs therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a multi-lobal hollow filament having stiffening ribs in the core portion and at least one transverse web in each lobe, and to a spinneret plate for producing the filament.
  • Fibers useful for carpet manufacture exhibit certain desirable performance criteria. These criteria include good crush resistance, high cover and good soil hiding ability.
  • the structure of the fiber is a determinative factor in the ability of a given fiber to meet these performance criteria.
  • the crush resistance of a carpet depends on the stability properties of the pile fibers used in the carpet. The higher the stability of the fiber, the more resistant to crushing is the carpet.
  • the covering ability of a carpet is determined by the space occupied by the fiber cross-section. For a given crimp a measure of the space occupancy for a lobal fiber is given by the fiber's modification ratio. The higher the modification ratio of the fiber, the greater the covering ability of the carpet.
  • hollow fibers with the same modification ratio and surface area as against solid fibers reduce the specific gravity according to the percentage of the fiber that is hollow. For example, a twenty percent hollow (or "void") ratio reduces the specific gravity or density for nylon fibers from 1.14 to 0.91 grams per cubic centimeter and reduces the specific gravity for polyester fibers from 1.35 to 1.08 grams per cubic centimeter (both twenty percent reductions). This is desirable for lightweight carpets, apparel or fabrics.
  • U. S. Patent 4,770,938 shows a trilobal fiber having elongated voids extending through each lobe. Although such a structure increases the soil hiding capability of the fiber the lack of rigidity makes the lobes prone to collapse, thus detracting from the crush resistance of the fiber. If the structure of the lobes were rigidified as in U. S. Patent 5,322,736 (Boyle et al.) the fiber becomes more crush resistant, at the cost of increased polymer.
  • the present invention is directed to a thermoplastic synthetic polymer filament comprising a core portion having a number N lobes joined thereto.
  • N lobes Preferably, three or four lobes may be provided, thereby respectively defining trilobal and tetralobal filament configurations.
  • Each lobe has a tip thereon and is joined to the core portion along an inscribing circle.
  • the filament has a central axis extending therethrough.
  • N stiffening ribs are formed in the core portion, with the ribs extending radially inwardly toward the axis of the filament. The stiffening ribs cooperate to define at least N hollow regions in the core portion. Each hollow region in the core aligns radially with a respective lobe.
  • each stiffening rib may be spaced from each other and from the central axis of the filament, thereby to define passages within the core portion through which the hollow regions communicate with each other.
  • each stiffening rib may extend to meet and join to the other of the ribs along the axis of the filament whereby the hollow regions in the core portion are isolated from each other.
  • the ribs in the core portion form abutting members on the interior of the filament that contact with each other under high face loading to enhance the stiffness and load capacity of the filament.
  • Each lobe has at least one opening disposed between the tip of the lobe and the inscribing circle.
  • the opening in each lobe and the hollow region of the core portion corresponding to that lobe cooperate to define a transverse stiffening web across each lobe.
  • the presence of the transverse stiffening web across each lobe prevent the lobe lateral edges from being deformed towards the exterior of the filament, resulting in a high degree of rigidity and crush resistance.
  • each lobe may be provided with a second opening therein so that the first and the second openings cooperate to define a second transverse web extending across the lobe.
  • the second opening in each lobe is disposed between the first opening and the tip of the lobe.
  • each lateral edge of each lobe may be substantially linear over substantially its entire length.
  • the arm angle for linear edge filament lies in the range from about zero to about fifteen degrees.
  • the major portion of each lateral edge is convexly curved over substantially its entire length.
  • Any filament in accordance with any of the various embodiments of the invention illustrated herein has a modification ratio that lies in the range from about 1.6 to about 4.0, and preferably in the range from about 2.0 to 3.0, and most preferably in the range from about 2.3 to about 2.6.
  • the filaments have a total void percentage in the range from about seven (7%) to about thirty percent (30%), and more preferably, in the range from about twelve (12%) to about twenty-two percent (22%).
  • the present invention is directed to a spinneret plate for producing any of the thermoplastic synthetic polymer filaments summarized above.
  • the spinneret plate comprises a cluster of N pairs of peripheral slot segments centered about a central point.
  • the peripheral slot segments are either substantially linear or convexly curved, respectively.
  • Each peripheral slot segment in each pair is joined to an adjacent peripheral slot segment at a junction point.
  • a rib-forming slot extends radially inwardly from each junction point toward the central point of the cluster. The distance between the junction point and the central point of the cluster occupied by each rib-forming slot determines whether the ribs meet at the axis or whether the inner ends of the ribs are spaced from the axis.
  • Each slot segment in each pair is confrontationally disposed with respect to a slot segment in another pair.
  • At least one web-forming slot extends from each peripheral slot segment toward the peripheral slot segment with which it is confrontationally disposed. If desired, a second web-forming slot may also extend from each peripheral slot segment toward the confrontationally disposed peripheral slot segment.
  • Filament Figure 1A is a cross section view of a trilobal thermoplastic synthetic polymer filament generally indicated by the reference character 10 in accordance with the present invention.
  • a filament in accordance with the present invention may be prepared using any synthetic, linear, thermoplastic melt-spinnable polymer, including polyamides, polyesters, and polyolefins. After melting the polymer is extruded ("spun") through a spinneret plate (to be described hereinafter) under conditions which vary depending upon the individual polymer and the particular filament being spun thereby to produce a filament having a desired denier and a desired void percentage. Void percentage can be increased by a more rapid quenching and increasing the melt viscosity, which can slow the flow allowing sturdy, pronounced molding to occur.
  • An axis 10A extends centrally and axially through the core portion 12 of the filament 10.
  • Each lobe 14A, 14B, 14C terminates in a generally rounded tip 16A, 16B, 16C, respectively.
  • each lobe 14A, 14B, 14C lie on a circumscribing circle 18 having a radius R 1 centered on the axis 10A.
  • the junction between each lobe 14A, 14B, 14C and the core portion 12 lies on an inscribing circle 22 having a radius R 2 centered on the axis 10A.
  • the modification ratio (i. e., the ratio of the radius R 1 to the radius R 2 ) of the filament 10 is in the range from about 1.6 to about 4.0, more preferably in the range from about 2.0 to 3.0, and most preferably in the range from about 2.3 to about 2.6.
  • each lateral edge 24A, 24B of each lobe 14A, 14B, 14C is substantially linear to impart a substantially "straight" appearance over substantially the entire length between the tip 16A, 16B, 16C and the joint of the respective lobe 14A, 14B 14C to the core portion 12.
  • the lateral edges 24A, 24B of each lobe 14A, 14B, 14C converge toward each other to define an arm angle 26 for each lobe 14A, 14B, 14C.
  • the arm angle 26 lies in the range from about zero to about fifteen (15°) degrees.
  • the core portion 12 has three stiffening ribs 30A, 30B, 30C formed therein.
  • the ribs 30A, 30B, 30C lie within the inscribing circle 22 and extend within the core portion 12 in a radially inward direction toward the axis 10A of the filament.
  • Each rib 30A, 30B, 30C has a respective inner end 32A, 32B, 32C thereon.
  • the ribs 30A, 30B, 30C cooperate to define three hollow regions 36A, 36B, 36C in the core portion 12.
  • the hollow regions 36A, 36B, 36C extend axially through the filament 10.
  • Each hollow region 36A, 36B, 36C aligns in a radially (with respect to the central axis 10A) with a respective lobe 14A, 14B, 14C.
  • each lobe 14A, 14B, 14C has at least one opening 40A, 40B, 40C, respectively, therein.
  • the opening 40A, 40B, 40C in each respective lobe 14A, 14B, 14C is disposed between the lobe tip 16A, 16B, 16C and the inscribing circle 22.
  • the openings 40A, 40B, 40C also extend axially through the filament 10.
  • the opening 40A, 40B, 40C together with the hollow region 36A, 36B, 36C corresponding to the lobe cooperate to define a transverse stiffening web 42A, 42B, 42C extending across the lobe.
  • the radially inner ends 32A, 32B, 32C of adjacent stiffening ribs 30A, 30B, 30C are spaced from each other and from the central axis 10A of the filament 10.
  • the spacing between the inner ends 32A, 32B, 32C of adjacent ribs 30A, 30B, 30C defines passages 46A, 46B, 46C through which the hollow regions 36A, 36B, 36C may communicate with each other.
  • the transverse dimension of the passages 46 is relatively constricted with respect to the transverse dimension of the associated hollow region 36, although such a relationship is not required.
  • the hollow regions 36A, 36B, 36C and the passages 46A, 46B, 46C form a unitary void that extends centrally and axially through the core portion 12 of the filament 10.
  • the relatively constricted shape of the passages 46A, 46B, 46C as compared to the hollow regions 36A, 36B, 36C imparts a generally "clover-like” or "propeller-like” shape to the unitary void.
  • void% i. e., the percentage of "open space” on the interior of the filament
  • the total void percentage lies in the range from about twelve (12%) to about twenty-two percent (22%).
  • the modification ratio, arm angle and void percentage cooperate to impart high cover, low glitter and good soil hiding performance to the filament 10.
  • the stiffening web 42 in each lobe 14 retards the collapse of the lobe due to high force loading, while the ribs 30A, 30B, 30C in the core portion 12 form abutting members on the interior of the filament that contact with each other under high face loading to enhance the stiffness and load capacity of the filament.
  • the presence of these structural features imparts good crush resistance to the filament.
  • FIG 1B illustrates the bottom surface 50B of a portion of a spinneret plate 50 for producing the filament 10 depicted in Figure 1A.
  • a spinneret plate 50 is a relatively massive member having an upper surface and the bottom surface 50B.
  • the upper surface of the spinneret plate is provided with a recess (not shown) whereby connection of the plate 50 to a source of polymer may be effected.
  • the lower margins of the recess may be inclined to facilitate flow of polymer from the supply to the spinneret plate.
  • a capillary arrangement generally indicated by the reference character 54 extends through the plate 50 from its recessed upper surface to the bottom surface 50B.
  • the capillary arrangement 54 is defined by a cluster of peripheral slots 56A, 56B, 56C centered about a central point 58.
  • Each peripheral slot 56A, 56B, 56C itself comprises a pair of slot segments indicated generally by the characters 60, 62.
  • the peripheral slot 56A includes paired slot segments 60A, 62A;
  • the peripheral slot 56B includes paired slot segments 60B, 62B; while the peripheral slot 56C includes paired slot segments 60C, 62C.
  • Each slot segment 60 is joined to its paired slot segment 62 at a junction point 64.
  • a rib-forming slot 66 extends from each junction point 64 toward the central point 58 of the cluster.
  • Each slot segment 60, 62 includes a generally linear portion 60L, 62L extending from the junction point 64 toward a generally rounded free end 60R, 62R. This arrangement serves to form the lobes 14 having linear lateral edges with generally rounded tips.
  • the radius of the rounded free ends 60R, 62R is centered on an origin 68. Adjacent rounded ends 60R, 62R are spaced by a gap 63.
  • Each slot segment 60, 62 in a peripheral slot 56A, 56B, 56C is confrontationally disposed with respect to a slot segment forming another peripheral slot.
  • the slot segment 60A included in the peripheral slot 56A is confrontationally disposed with respect to the slot segment 62C included in the peripheral slot 56C.
  • the slot segment 62A included in the peripheral slot 56A is confrontationally disposed with respect to the slot segment 60B in the peripheral slot 56B.
  • the slot segment 62B included in the peripheral slot 56B is confrontationally disposed with respect to the slot segment 60C included in the peripheral slot 56C.
  • each rib-forming slot 66 determines whether the radially inner end 32A, 32B, 32C of respective stiffening ribs 30A, 30B, 30C are joined together or are spaced from each other and from the central axis 10A of the filament 10 (as in Figure 1A).
  • the rib-forming slots should extend at least two-thirds of the distance between the junction point and the central point of the cluster.
  • the rib-forming slots extend less than one-half of the distance between the junction point and the central point of the cluster, then the inner ends of the ribs are spaced from each other and from the axis. If the rib-forming slots extend at least one-half but less than two-thirds of the distance between the junction point and the central point of the cluster, then the viscosity determines whether the ribs will join together at the axis of the filament.
  • Web-forming slots 70, 72 are provided on each peripheral slot segment 60, 62, respectively.
  • the web-forming slot 70, 72 on any given slot segment 60, 62 extends toward a corresponding web-forming slot 70, 72 (as the case may be) provided on the slot segment 60, 62 with which the given slot segment is confrontationally disposed.
  • the inside ends of the web-forming slots 70, 72 are separated by a space 74.
  • alphabetic reference characters are used to indicate the dimensions of various features of the spinneret plate 50 that form congruent features of the filament 10 of Figure 1A.
  • the character A refers to the distance from the center 58 of the cluster to the origin 68 of the rounded free ends 60R, 62R of the segments 60, 62, while the character B is the dimension of the radius of these free ends 60R, 62R.
  • the character C represents the distance from the central point 58 to the inner wall of each slot 70, 72.
  • the character D represents the spacing between the inner ends of the slots 66.
  • the character E represents the dimension of the gap 63, while the character F represents the dimension of the space 74.
  • the character G represents the width of the peripheral slots 56.
  • the character H denotes the width of the slots 66, 72.
  • Polymer extruded from the capillary arrangement 54 forms the filament illustrated in Figure 1A.
  • the presence of the generally linear portions 60L, 62L with generally rounded free ends 60R, 62R serves to form a filament 10 having lobes 14 with linear ("straight") lateral edges 24 and generally rounded tips 16.
  • the spacing between the confronting inner ends of the web-forming slots 70, 72 insures that the polymer merges to complete a web 42 traversing each lobe 14.
  • Polymer emerging from the slots 66 defines the ribs 32.
  • the rib-forming slots 66 occupy less than one-half of the distance between the junction point 64 and the central point 58 of the cluster, and the inner ends 32 of the stiffening ribs 30 are spaced from each other and from the axis and the hollow regions 36 communicate through the passages 46.
  • Each of the spinneret plates 50 shown herein may be fabricated using the laser technique disclosed in U. S. Patent 5,168,143, (Kobsa et al., QP-4171-A), assigned to the assignee of the present invention.
  • a modified embodiment of the filament 10 is shown in Figure 2A.
  • the modified filament 10 of Figure 2A is identical with that of Figure 1A in that it exhibits straight lobes with rounded lobe ends.
  • the modified filament 10 of Figure 2A differs from the filament of Figure 1A in that the hollow regions 36 in the core portion 12 are totally isolated from each other.
  • the ribs 30 in the core and the stiffening web 42 in each lobe 14 places sufficient material between the hollow regions 36 and the openings 40 to retard crushing of the filament in case of high face loading.
  • the dimension D (0.095") is greater than the dimension D in Figure 2B (0.066").
  • the rib-forming slots 66 in the spinneret of Figure 2B extend toward the central point 58 for a distance greater than two-thirds the distance between the junction point 64 and the central point 58 of the cluster.
  • the stiffening ribs 30 of the filament of Figure 2A join together to isolate the hollow regions 36 from each other.
  • the rib-forming slots 66 extend less than one-half the distance between the junction point 64 and the central point 58 of the cluster, so that the ends of the ribs 30 in Figure 1A are spaced from each other.
  • Figures 3A and 4A show still other modified embodiments of a filament 10 having straight lobes with rounded ends shown as in Figures 1A and 2A.
  • the filament of Figure 3A and Figure 4A differs from its respective counterparts in Figure lA and Figure 2A by the presence of a second opening 41 in each lobe 14.
  • the second opening 41 is disposed between the first opening 40 and the tip 16 of the lobe 14.
  • the first opening 40 and the second opening 41 cooperate to define a second transverse stiffening web 43.
  • the filament of Figures 3A and 4A each have sufficient material between the hollow regions 36 and the openings 40 to retard crushing of the filament in case of high face loading.
  • FIGS 3B and 4B show spinnerets 50 used to produce the congruent filaments illustrated in Figures 3A, 4A, respectively.
  • each slot segment 60, 62, respectively includes a second web-forming slot 71, 73.
  • the second web-forming slot is located on a slot segment 60, 62 intermediate the first slot 70, 72 (as the case may be) and the free end 60R, 62R.
  • the reference character C1 in these Figures 3B, 4B represents the distance from the central point 58 to the inner wall of each second web-forming slot 71, 73.
  • the dimension D of the rib forming slot 66 is different in Figures 3B and 4B.
  • the dimension D 0.095"
  • the slots 66 extend less than one-half the distance between the junction point 64 and the central point 58 of the cluster
  • the dimension D 0.066"
  • the slots 66 extend greater than two-thirds the distance between the junction point 64 and the central point 58 of the cluster
  • the filaments 10 shown in Figures 5A, 6A, 7A and 8A correspond those of Figures 1A and 4A, respectively, save for the configuration of the lobes 14.
  • the filaments of Figures 5A, 6A, 7A and 8A each exhibit lobes 14 with convexly curved lateral edges 24 and nipple-shaped lobe ends 16.
  • Each slot segment has rounded portions in the vicinity of the junction point 64 to define concave cusps 25 on the perimeter of the filament between adjacent lobes 14.
  • all of these filaments have sufficient material between the lobes to avoid filament crushing under load.
  • the lobes 14 of the filaments of Figure 5A and Figure 6A each have a single stiffening rib 42.
  • the core regions 36 in Figure 5A communicate with each other, while in Figure 6A the core regions 36 are isolated.
  • the lobes 14 of the filaments of Figure 7A and Figure 8A each have a pair of stiffening ribs 42, 43.
  • the core regions 36 in Figure 7A communicate with each other, while in Figure 8A the core regions 36 are isolated.
  • FIGS 5B and 6B illustrate a spinneret structures corresponding to the filaments of Figures 5A and 6A. These spinneret structures are generally similar to those shown earlier except that the linear portions 60L, 62L present in the spinnerets of Figures 1B through 4B are omitted.
  • Each slot segment 56 is defined by a rounded or arcuate portion 60R, 62R centered on an origin 68 that corresponds to each of the convexly curved lateral edges of the lobes.
  • Each lobe 14 thus exhibits a configuration reminiscent of a gothic arch.
  • the arcuate portions 60R, 62R are joined in the vicinity of the junction point 64 by a rounded transition region 65 that defines the concave cusps.
  • the reference character A still denotes the distance from the center 58 of the cluster to the origin 68, while the reference characters B and B1 respectively denote the radius of the rounded portions 60R, 62R of the lobes and the radius of the transition region 65. Only one of each such radius is shown for clarity.
  • the transverse dimension of the rib forming slot 66 is given by the character H, while the transverse dimension of the web forming slots 70, 72 is given by the character H1.
  • the hollow regions 36 communicate with each other through the passages 46 to impart "clover-like" shape to the unitary void in the core.
  • the hollow regions 36 are isolated from each other.
  • the dimension D is 0.010" and the slots 66 occupy less than one-half the distance between the junction point 64 and the central point 58 of the cluster.
  • the dimension D 0.0066"
  • the slots 66 occupy greater than two-thirds the distance between the junction point 64 and the central point 58 of the cluster.
  • the dimension D is 0.095" and the slots 66 occupy less than one-half the distance between the junction point 64 and the central point 58 of the cluster, imparting a clover-like shape to the core region.
  • the corresponding dimension D is 0.0066" and the slots 66 extend for greater than two-thirds the distance between the junction point 64 and the central point 58 of the cluster.
  • the ribs 32 ( Figure 8A) join each other.
  • Figures 1A through 8A illustrates the present invention as applied to a trilobal filament (i. e., the number N is three).
  • the present invention may also be implemented in the form of a tetralobal filament (i. e., the number N is four) having four lobes 14A, 14B, 14C and 14D.
  • the lobes may have either straight or convexly curved lateral edges, with either single or double stiffening webs in each lobe, and with either communal or isolated hollow regions in the core.
  • Various embodiments of tetralobal filaments with a single opening in each lobe are shown in Figures 9A through 12A.
  • Figures 13A and 14A illustrate tetralobal filaments having a pair of openings disposed in each lobe.
  • Figures 9A and Figure 10A show straight-edged tetralobal filaments with communicating and isolated hollow regions 36, analogous to the filaments of Figures 1A and 2A, respectively.
  • Figure 11A and Figure 12A show tetralobal filaments in which each lobe has convexly curved edges, with either communicating or isolated hollow regions 36, analogous to the filaments of Figures 5A and 6A, respectively.
  • the convexly curved edges meet without the presence of the rounded cusp 25 ( Figures 7A, 8A).
  • Figures 9B, 10B, 11B, 12B respectively show spinnerets for forming the filaments of Figures 9A, 10A, 11A, and 12A.
  • Typical dimensions of the spinneret apertures of Figures 9B and 10B are respectively the same as those for the spinnerets of Figures 1B and 2B.
  • the dimensions of the spinneret apertures for Figure 11B and Figure 12B are respectively the same as the dimensions of the spinnerets of Figure 5B and Figure 6B.
  • Figure 13A illustrates a straight-edged tetralobal filament produced using a spinneret such as that shown in Figure 13B.
  • the filament has a pair of openings 40, 41 and a pair of webs 42, 43 in each lobe 14 and communicating hollow regions 36 in the core.
  • Typical numerical values for the various features of the spinneret of Figure 13B would correspond to those of Figure 3B.
  • a spinneret sized and shaped analogously to that shown in Figure 4B may be used.
  • Figure 14A illustrates a tetralobal filament having convexly curved lateral edges.
  • the filament has a pair of openings 40 in each lobe 14 and isolated hollow regions 36 in the core.
  • Figure 14B illustrates a spinneret which may be used to produce this filament. Typical numerical values for the various features of the spinneret of Figure 14B would correspond to those of Figure 8B.
  • a spinneret sized and shaped analogously to that shown in Figure 7B may be used to produce a convexly curved tetralobal filament with communicating hollow regions 36 in the core.
  • Luster is a property related to the reflection or refraction of parallel or directional light by various interfaces of the fiber. Lower luster corresponds to higher light scattering. Glitter is the property produced when light is reflected or refracted from an area of a fiber which distinguishes that area from its surroundings. It is usually described as a "sparkling" of the fiber. Lower glitter results in a fiber having a luster more like the luster of natural fiber.
  • the luster and glitter of the Example and Comparative yarn samples were also determined using a subjective visual luster and glitter tests.
  • the samples were irradiated using a high intensity light and viewed by six observers.
  • the yarn sample with highest luster was rated with "5" and the yarn sample with lowest luster rated "1" by each observer.
  • These ratings are indicated in Table 1 under the heading "Subjective Luster”.
  • the luster and glitter measurements set forth herein for carpet samples were obtained from internal reflection readings.
  • the percentage of internal reflection or degree of light scattering inside the fiber is a measure for classifying luster, glitter, and soil hiding. The lower the luster, the lower the glitter and the better the soil hiding capability of the carpet.
  • the "glycol test" was used for measuring the internal reflection of carpet yarns.
  • the internal refection is calculated subtracting the external reflection from one hundred.
  • a colorimeter Colorgloss type of light C/10o is used.
  • L*1 - value lightness of the sample measured w/o glycol.
  • L*2 - value lightness of the sample measured in glycol.
  • Percentage external reflection L*1 - L*2 L*1 x 100
  • Carpet Cover Cover was determined subjectively by ranking the light transmittance through the carpet samples having only a primary backing. The lower the light transmittance the higher the cover or bulk in carpet. The results of this test are reported in Table 2 under the heading "Cover".
  • carpet Soiling Carpet soiling was measured using the "Tetrapod" of four currently popular test methods. These test methods are: (1) Soil hiding-dry; (2) Soil hiding-wet; (3) Soil repellency-dry; and (4) Soil repellency-wet. The results of the carpet soiling properties are reported below in Table 3.
  • the Tetrapod tests consisted of a series of cylindrical drums each 20 cm. in diameter and 20 cm long. Each drum was rotated about the cylindrical axis on four rollers. Inside the drum was placed a four legged “walker” having rubber “soles” on the end of each leg. The “walker” has a hole in the center into which dirt was placed and was held in position by a sieve. The piece(s) of carpet (total area 19 cm x 62 cm) were held against the inside surface of the drum by metal clips. The "walker” was placed inside the drum and the whole rotated at 50 rpm. Over a period of about 10 minutes about three grams of soil fell through the sieve and was distributed evenly over the carpet.
  • Soil Hiding-Dry This is the default "Tetrapod" Test and was the only soiling test in common use. Each 19cm x 62cm carpet sample was tested at a time. The tests lasted 3 hours and 20 minutes (10,000 turns). After this time all the soil has been ground into the carpet. Vacuuming does not alter the carpet appearance so it is usually omitted. Each carpet sample was compared visually against a control piece of carpet which has also been in the drum for 10,000 turns but without dirt. The comparison was done under standard lighting conditions using a gray scale [Deutsche Industrie Norm (hereafter "DIN”) 54002].
  • Soil Hiding-Wet The principle difference in this test was that the carpet was sprayed with 6 ml of water immediately before placing in the drum. The carpet must be allowed to dry before visual comparison.
  • Soil Repellency-Dry In the soil hiding tests the soil has no choice: it ends up in the carpet. The purpose of the soil repellency tests is to give the soil a choice: between one of two carpets, or the vacuum cleaner.
  • Soil Repellency-Wet This is similar to the dry test. Each piece of carpet was sprayed with three (3) ml of water immediately before testing. After testing, the samples are allowed to dry overnight before vacuuming.
  • Carpet Wear Carpet was measured using (1) the static loading test; (2) the Vetterman drum test; and (3) the Castor chair test.
  • Static Loading Static loading was measured according to DIN 54316 using a chair leg test to determine the compression behavior of a carpet sample loaded two hours at a pressure of 2.2 kg/cm 2 . After a sixty minutes decompression time the remaining compression depth was measured. Original and final carpet pile height gives a rating based on a formula according to DIN 54316. The higher the rating number the better the performance.
  • Vetterman Drum Testing the change of the carpet appearance under mechanical loading was done by fixing the carpet sample inside metal drum with an internal diameter of seventy (70) cm according to DIN 54328. The drum was rotated 22,000 revolutions, with the direction of rotation reversed every five minutes. Throughout the rotation a 7.6 kg heavy round steel ball fitted with fourteen rubber studs rolled over the carpet. The judgment or classification of the carpet appearance change is done subjective-visually, with the higher the rating number the better the performance.
  • Castor Chair The suitability of a carpet for wear or loading by office roller chairs was tested by the Castor Chair according to DIN 54324. After 5000 and 25,000 turns a subjective-visual classification of the appearance change of the carpet pile takes place according to DIN 54328. The higher the rating number the better the performance of the carpet.
  • Three embodiments of nylon 6,6 bulked continuous filament (“BCF”) yarn in accordance with the present invention (“Test Examples”) were produced and compared with two prior art nylon 6,6 bulked continuous filament yarns (“Comparative Examples”) having a solid trilobal and a hollow, square cross-section, respectively.
  • the nylon 6,6 polymer used for all of the yarns had a relative viscosity of 75-80 RV, and contained no delustering additives other than TiO 2 . Identical process conditions for spinning, drawing, and bulking were used for all yarns.
  • the example yarns in accordance with the present invention were the following:
  • the comparison yarns were the following:
  • carpets of the BCF-yarns with following carpet constructions were made and tested: 68-77 stiches/10cm, 1/10 inch gauge, 570 g/m2 pile weight, 6 mm pile height. Then #2038A disperse gray, latex and "ActionBac" backing for appearance retention, #9719 acid beige, latex for soiling.
  • the present invention is directed to multi-lobal filaments that reflect light diffusely, resulting in low glitter.
  • Filaments of the present invention exhibit good soil hiding and covering ability without sacrificing crush resistance and without increasing the volume of the polymer material in the fiber.
  • the invention allows the use of less polymeric material, since the void content is higher than in conventional hollow filaments. This results in less material to be processed, disposed of and/or recycled.
  • Such filaments are very suitable for carpets and other textile products which are desired to exhibit high cover, good soiling and durability performance, and natural glitter-free lusters. When used in apparel fabrics, the filaments of the invention provide good heat insulation.
EP19980116225 1998-08-27 1998-08-27 Multilobale Hohlfilamente mit Versteifungsrippen und Versteifungszonen Expired - Lifetime EP0982414B1 (de)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE69823497T DE69823497T2 (de) 1998-08-27 1998-08-27 Multilobale Hohlfilamente mit Versteifungsrippen und Versteifungszonen
EP19980116225 EP0982414B1 (de) 1998-08-27 1998-08-27 Multilobale Hohlfilamente mit Versteifungsrippen und Versteifungszonen
US09/763,722 US6447903B1 (en) 1998-08-27 1999-08-25 Multilobal hollow filaments having stiffening ribs and stiffening webs
AU60214/99A AU749162B2 (en) 1998-08-27 1999-08-25 Multilobal hollow filaments having stiffening ribs and stiffening webs
CA002336903A CA2336903A1 (en) 1998-08-27 1999-08-25 Multilobal hollow filaments having stiffening ribs and stiffening webs
JP2000567767A JP2002523645A (ja) 1998-08-27 1999-08-25 補剛リブおよび補剛ウェブを有する多ローブ中空フィラメント
PCT/US1999/019610 WO2000012789A1 (en) 1998-08-27 1999-08-25 Multilobal hollow filaments having stiffening ribs and stiffening webs
US10/176,474 US6660377B2 (en) 1998-08-27 2002-06-20 Multilobal hollow filament carpet yarn having stiffening ribs and stiffening webs and spinneret for producing the same
US10/673,841 US20040086594A1 (en) 1998-08-27 2003-09-29 Multilobal hollow filament carpet yearn having stiffening ribs and stiffening webs and spinneret for producing the same

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19980116225 EP0982414B1 (de) 1998-08-27 1998-08-27 Multilobale Hohlfilamente mit Versteifungsrippen und Versteifungszonen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0982414A1 true EP0982414A1 (de) 2000-03-01
EP0982414B1 EP0982414B1 (de) 2004-04-28

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Country Status (6)

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EP (1) EP0982414B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2002523645A (de)
AU (1) AU749162B2 (de)
CA (1) CA2336903A1 (de)
DE (1) DE69823497T2 (de)
WO (1) WO2000012789A1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6673450B2 (en) 2002-02-11 2004-01-06 Honeywell International Inc. Soft hand, low luster, high body carpet filaments
CN111118770A (zh) * 2019-12-29 2020-05-08 江苏恒力化纤股份有限公司 一种地毯的制备方法

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4837584B2 (ja) * 2007-01-26 2011-12-14 株式会社ワイ・ジー・ケー 中空糸
DK2959509T3 (en) 2013-02-14 2018-08-13 Nanopareil Llc Electrospun hybrid nanofiber felt, method of making it and method of purifying biomolecules
CN105177739A (zh) * 2015-08-07 2015-12-23 东华大学 一种双组份圆中空十字异形高吸湿复合纤维及其生产方法
DE102018101321B3 (de) 2018-01-22 2018-12-20 Adler Pelzer Holding Gmbh Dilour-Teppich mit erhöhten Gebrauchswert-Eigenschaften
WO2020111019A1 (ja) * 2018-11-27 2020-06-04 東レ株式会社 カーペット

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US2965925A (en) * 1956-10-30 1960-12-27 Sr Otto Dietzsch Artificial hollow thread and device for making same
US3493459A (en) * 1966-12-23 1970-02-03 Monsanto Co Complex multilobal textile filament
US5322736A (en) * 1993-06-24 1994-06-21 Alliedsignal Inc. Hollow-trilobal cross-section filaments
EP0661391A1 (de) * 1993-12-28 1995-07-05 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Drei- und vierlappige Fasern, die Hohlräume enthalten

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2965925A (en) * 1956-10-30 1960-12-27 Sr Otto Dietzsch Artificial hollow thread and device for making same
US3493459A (en) * 1966-12-23 1970-02-03 Monsanto Co Complex multilobal textile filament
US5322736A (en) * 1993-06-24 1994-06-21 Alliedsignal Inc. Hollow-trilobal cross-section filaments
EP0661391A1 (de) * 1993-12-28 1995-07-05 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Drei- und vierlappige Fasern, die Hohlräume enthalten

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6673450B2 (en) 2002-02-11 2004-01-06 Honeywell International Inc. Soft hand, low luster, high body carpet filaments
CN111118770A (zh) * 2019-12-29 2020-05-08 江苏恒力化纤股份有限公司 一种地毯的制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU6021499A (en) 2000-03-21
CA2336903A1 (en) 2000-03-09
EP0982414B1 (de) 2004-04-28
WO2000012789A1 (en) 2000-03-09
DE69823497T2 (de) 2005-04-07
JP2002523645A (ja) 2002-07-30
DE69823497D1 (de) 2004-06-03
AU749162B2 (en) 2002-06-20

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