EP0981140B1 - Transformateur immerge auto-protege par un dispositif incluant un disjoncteur et des fusibles - Google Patents

Transformateur immerge auto-protege par un dispositif incluant un disjoncteur et des fusibles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0981140B1
EP0981140B1 EP19990410089 EP99410089A EP0981140B1 EP 0981140 B1 EP0981140 B1 EP 0981140B1 EP 19990410089 EP19990410089 EP 19990410089 EP 99410089 A EP99410089 A EP 99410089A EP 0981140 B1 EP0981140 B1 EP 0981140B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuse
circuit breaker
circuit
phase
fuses
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19990410089
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0981140A1 (fr
Inventor
Jacques Schneider Electric Industries SA Wild
Didier Schneider Electric Ind. SA Fulchiron
Christophe Schneider Electric Ind. SA Preve
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0981140A1 publication Critical patent/EP0981140A1/fr
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/1081—Modifications for selective or back-up protection; Correlation between feeder and branch circuit breaker
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/40—Structural association with built-in electric component, e.g. fuse
    • H01F27/402—Association of measuring or protective means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/0241—Structural association of a fuse and another component or apparatus
    • H01H2085/0291—Structural association with a current transformer

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical transformer whose windings and circuit magnetic are immersed in a liquid or a dielectric gas contained in a tank, and which has an integrated protection device, designed to limit the effects of internal transformer failure.
  • Document FR-A-2 712 730 describes a three-phase transformer of this type immersed in an oil tank, the protection device of which comprises at least one fuse per phase protection arranged between each power supply phase and the windings primary transformer, and a three-phase breaker disposed between the fuses and the corresponding transformer phases.
  • the breaker is opened by a trigger, in response to a signal from a sensor sensitive to variations of at least one parameter representative of the characteristics of the dielectric liquid.
  • the measured parameter is dielectric pressure, which can be an index of local internal faults in transformer circuits - for example a point fault in the electrical insulation of a winding, likely to degenerate into a hot spot - manifested only by a very low overcurrent of the primary supply current.
  • the fuses are intended for compensate for collapses of the transformer internal impedance, inducing a fall ohmic important.
  • at least two fuses are connected in series on each phase, with stepped cut-off thresholds: one of the fuses has a very short time constant and sensitive to very large currents exceeding six times the nominal current of the transformer; the other is sensitive to overloads corresponding to three to five times the nominal intensity, with a higher time constant. All is designed in such a way that, if it intervenes for. interrupt the supply of windings transformer primary, it is not possible to restore this supply without special intervention to disassemble the tank by a specialist. This is the reason which the breaker is not resettable and submerged in the tank, as well as the fuses.
  • any triggering of the protective device necessarily corresponds to an internal transformer fault, and in no case to a external incident. Indeed, it would be completely inadmissible to impose an intervention on a healthy transformer, due to an external fault, especially on the downstream installation. It is necessary therefore necessarily that means are provided ensuring selectivity with respect to electrical faults outside the transformer. Experience shows that it subsists in carries a risk of unwanted melting of the fuses of the protection device, and in particular fuses working in the field of low overcurrents.
  • low-current submerged fuses of the protective device may give rise to unacceptable heating for their immediate environment, without however melting and interrupting the current. We can then generate serious failures that go against the objective sought with the implementation place of the fuse. In addition, the heating of the fuses causes their aging. premature, and therefore an increasing risk of dysfunction over time.
  • the document EP-A-0 468 299 also describes a three-phase transformer immersed in the oil, to which is associated, for each primary phase, a protection device comprising, connected in series with the windings of the primary phase concerned, a single-phase circuit breaker controlled by an overcurrent release sensitive to current flowing through the circuit breaker, and a fuse whose intensity of nominal current is at minus 5 times greater than the intensity of the nominal phase current of the transformer, and preferably 10 or 20 times greater.
  • a protection device comprising, connected in series with the windings of the primary phase concerned, a single-phase circuit breaker controlled by an overcurrent release sensitive to current flowing through the circuit breaker, and a fuse whose intensity of nominal current is at minus 5 times greater than the intensity of the nominal phase current of the transformer, and preferably 10 or 20 times greater.
  • this device is located outside the transformer. It follows one significant space and complexity of assembly on site. In particular, a distance significant bypass in air must be preserved between the upstream connections and downstream of the circuit breaker, due to the very high currents likely to pass through during a primary short circuit. The large number of connections outside the tank transformer and whose isolation is difficult to control, induces an additional risk of failure.
  • the device is not active vis-à-vis short circuits upstream of the fuse, especially those generated by the electrical connection between the circuit breaker and the fuse.
  • the fuse is connected in series between the circuit breaker and the transformer and the current sensor controlling the tripping of the circuit breaker is downstream of the fuse.
  • the fault current in the event of a short circuit between the circuit breaker and the fuse crosses the circuit breaker with an intensity which exceeds its breaking capacity, if although the circuit breaker is unable to break the circuit.
  • the defect then leads an outage at an upstream node of the network, to the detriment of overall availability.
  • the device does not provide for the simultaneous tripping of the three circuit breakers each associated with a primary phase of the transformer. Therefore, we can assist in certain conditions to a partial trip due to a fault, leaving in a phase not open a leakage current which remains lower than the tripping current of the circuit breaker or which induces a significant delay in cutting, with all the harmful consequences for the primary circuit (risk of explosion) and / or for the entire installation (not selectivity compared to the source station).
  • Document US-A-4 323 871 describes an electrical circuit protection apparatus, not specifically dedicated to the protection of a transformer, and comprising a circuit breaker and fuses, all submerged in a tank filled with oil.
  • the circuit breaker is intended for cut the low fault currents while the fuses are intended to cut the current significant faults.
  • the circuit breaker includes, in its single-phase version, a bulb conventional vacuum with a fixed contact member and a movable contact member in translation in the cylindrical body of the bulb.
  • the mobile contact member comprises a rod kinematically connected to an opening and closing mechanism with a spring opening. This mechanism includes an operating lever allowing the opening and manual closing through the tank. It also has an opening lock in form of cam which is resiliently biased towards a rest position.
  • a device for U-shaped bimetal release cooperates with the cam and retains it in an active position where it blocks the mechanism in the closed position.
  • the bimetallic strip is traversed by the current crossing the bulb. In the event of a fault current, it curves and releases the cam, which in turn releases an opening pawl acting on the opening spring and causing opening the mechanism.
  • a three-phase circuit breaker is derived from the previous one by juxtaposition three single-phase circuit breakers.
  • Single-phase opening and closing mechanisms are mechanically connected to each other, on the one hand at the level of the opening pawls, and on the other hand at the level of the operating levers, so as to form a unique mechanism allowing a simultaneous or almost simultaneous opening and closing of the three poles of the circuit breaker, both on electrical fault and on manual control.
  • the bimetallic strip of each phase is connected in series between the bushing and the vacuum interrupter phase and is traversed by the phase current. It therefore introduces by its presence an additional risk of electrical fault, especially since it constitutes a conductor mobile and unprotected directly immersed in oil.
  • the bimetallic strip is placed, to constructive reasons, directly upstream or downstream of the circuit breaker that it ordered. It cannot therefore take into account short circuits at the level of bushings, or between the bushing and the circuit breaker.
  • the invention therefore aims to overcome the drawbacks of the state of the art and in particular to realize, at low cost and in the volume of a submerged transformer tank conventional, integrated protection of great safety, which is active for weak overcurrents while avoiding the risk of inadvertent fusion encountered in the fuse devices.
  • the invention aims to propose, at low cost and in a reduced volume, a transformer with integrated protection device for safe operation, capable of deal with both internal and secondary terminal faults.
  • dependability requirement of a system means that account must be taken simultaneously the security of the system, i.e. its ability to avoid an event catastrophic its reliability, i.e. its probability of not failing over a period given; its availability, i.e. its probability of operating at a given time, which itself depends on the reliability and maintainability of the system, which is its probability to be repaired in a given time interval.
  • the security requirement implies that all internal faults of the transformer which are likely to cause the explosion of the tank, cause the transformer to switch off.
  • Availability and maintainability mean good selectivity in the treatment of faults internal requiring a heavy intervention on the transformer and the treatment of faults on the secondary circuit outside the transformer for which interventions should be kept to a minimum.
  • circuit breaker poles and fuses Due to the immersion of the circuit breaker poles and fuses in the circuit breaker tank, it is possible to offer a factory mounted assembly, for which the installation on site is reduced, which significantly reduces the risk of failure caused by the device protection.
  • the arrangement of the fuses upstream of the circuit breaker makes it possible to process the risk of electrical faults induced by the presence of the circuit breaker.
  • the immersion of the opening mechanism offers corrosion protection and lubrication which are favorable from the point of view of aging. Overall reliability is increased.
  • the overcurrent triggering device comprises at least one measuring means for measuring the intensity of the current flowing in a phase of the circuit transformer primary.
  • the sensor is a current transformer.
  • a such an arrangement ensures that a short circuit in the tank between a phase and the earth in one point located between the fuse and the corresponding pole of the circuit breaker, which gives rise to melting of this fuse, or seen by the tripping means so as to ensure separation total of the transformer.
  • a particularly advantageous choice is to have a current transformer toroid on the part of the bushing external to the tank, or immediate proximity to it.
  • the fuse (s) have an elongated shape with two conductive ends intended for their upstream connection on the side of the crossing and downstream on the side of the circuit breaker, located on either side of a middle part whose surface external is isolated, and in that, for each phase fitted with a fuse, the parts conductors located between the insulating bushing and the external surface insulated from the part center of the fuse are wrapped in solid insulation.
  • the electrical junction between the bushing and the fuse is the only point of the installation not protected by the association fuse and circuit breaker. It is therefore a vulnerable point in terms of security of installation.
  • the solid insulation therefore offers a good guarantee that there are no faults.
  • the fuse (s) have an elongated shape with two conductive ends intended for their upstream connection on the side of the crossing and downstream on the side of the circuit breaker, located on either side of a middle part whose surface external consists of an insulator, and in that for each phase fitted with a fuse, the fuse constitutes with the bushing a one-piece sub-assembly and in that the surface outside of this sub-assembly, in its part internal to the tank, comprising the crossing, the upstream conductive end and the middle part of the fuse, consists of one or several solid insulators forming solid insulation without interruption.
  • the trigger means further comprises a command trigger device opening of the circuit breaker when at least one parameter representative of the state of said circuit dielectric exceeds a determined threshold.
  • a command trigger device opening of the circuit breaker when at least one parameter representative of the state of said circuit dielectric exceeds a determined threshold.
  • different physical parameters of the state of the dielectric are accessible: the pressure of the liquid, its temperature, the level of the liquid in the tank, but also the presence of gas in the tank which allows among other things to detect a gas decomposition of the dielectric or of a solid insulator, for example by a low power arc between turns on one of the transformer windings.
  • the overcurrent trip device includes at least one measuring means for measuring the intensity of the current flowing in a phase of the secondary circuit of the transformer. Due to the potential saturation of the circuit the transformer, it is not always satisfactory to take the information from tripping of the circuit breaker on the primary circuit. In practice it is possible to equip one or more branches of the secondary circuit, preferably each of the phases and the case if necessary the neutral, of a current sensor. According to one embodiment, the two means current measurement devices are additionally combined in a differential protection device of the transformer. A device of this type is described for example in the document FR-A-2 14 771 integrated on this point here by reference.
  • the fuse (s), the circuit breaker and the tripping means are associated in such a way that if the fuse or one of the fuses blows, the means of tripping give an order to separate the contacts.
  • There is an area of values of the current intensity - namely: the values exceeding the intensity threshold value beyond of which the fuse blowing is completed before an order to separate the organs of contact given by the triggering means could have caused the separation of contacts - for which the separation of the contacts of the poles of the circuit breaker is after the merger at least one of the fuses.
  • the fuse or fuses are limiting. This ensures that the current flowing in the primary circuit during fuse blowing remains at an acceptable level.
  • each pole of the circuit breaker comprises a light bulb. vacuum immersed in the dielectric. Due to the presence of fuses ensuring the protection in case of high short-circuit current, it is possible to use vacuum bulbs of low performance, very space-saving.
  • the short distance from bypass of the vacuum interrupter i.e. the short distance between the connections upstream and downstream of the bulb, does not cause any additional problem, since the connections are immersed in oil which provides good electrical insulation.
  • the light bulb vacuum therefore offers a very favorable compromise in terms of space, performance and cost.
  • the circuit breaker includes a closing mechanism capable of passing the contact members from their separate position to their contact position, comprising a member accessible from the outside of the tank, the opening mechanism being able to cause the breaker (s) to open, regardless of the state of the closing. It is then possible, in the case where the triggering has an origin external to the transformer, to put it back into service without opening the tank. Priority to the opening avoids any deterioration of the transformer in the event of maintenance of the fault at the time of closing.
  • a three-phase low-voltage medium voltage transformer 1 has primary 2 and secondary 3 windings immersed in a tank 4 containing a dielectric liquid 5, in practice oil. Each phase of the circuit primary of the transformer enters the tank 4 via a part multifunction 6 comprising a medium voltage crossing 7.
  • the multifunctional part 6 has, in its part external to the tank 4, a zone specific plug-in 8 and in its internal part to the tank a plug-in zone 9 of a head 10 of a fuse 11.
  • Fuse 11 is a conventional limiting fuse, with a part median forming a body 12 whose outer wall is cylindrical and insulating, and two ends - head 10 and foot 13 - made of metal.
  • the insertion zone 9 has a wall tubular outer of electrically insulating elastomeric material, the lower end of which cooperates with the body 12 of the fuse 11 so as to seal between the head 10 of the fuse and oil 5. The upper end of this tubular wall seals with the racking-in area 8.
  • the multifunctional part 6 therefore constitutes, with the fuse 11 mounted, a monobloc assembly whose external walls form a solid insulation without interruption between the bushing 7 and the middle part 12 of the fuse 11. This ensures that any electrical fault upstream of the fuse 11 is in fact external to the tank 4, and does not generate therefore no risk of explosion.
  • the other end of the fuse 11 is connected to a connection side on the source side 14 of a circuit breaker module 15, via an electrical connection 16 comprising a sheathed electrical conductor.
  • the circuit breaker module 15 comprises, for each phase, a vacuum bulb 17 of structure conventional, with a body 18 forming a cylindrical chamber containing a fixed contact 19 and a movable contact member 20 guided axially in the bulb and extended by a control rod 21.
  • a bulb of this type is described for example in document US-A-4 323 871 whose description is incorporated here on this point by reference.
  • An opening and closing mechanism 22 of this circuit breaker is also type described in document US-A-4 323 871, the description of which is incorporated here by reference.
  • This mechanism 22 is provided with an operating lever 23 accessible from the exterior of the tank 4, which allows manual opening and closing.
  • the load-side connection pad 24 of the circuit breaker module 15 is connected to the windings primary 2 of transformer 1 via a tap changer 25.
  • the changer is of the type described for example in document US-A-4,504,811, the description of which is incorporated on this point here by reference. It has a fixed connection bar ensuring departures to different points of the primary windings, and a movable bar carrying the connection points to the downstream areas of the circuit breaker. The displacement of the bar mobile allows, simultaneously for each phase of the primary, the connection of the beach load side of the circuit breaker selectively at one of the starting points towards the winding corresponding primary.
  • the tank 4 is waterproof or almost waterproof (the latter term covering the case of tanks including, for example, a small air drying pipe) and the level of oil is such as the insertion zone 9, the fuses 11 and the vacuum bulbs 17, likewise that the moving parts of the mechanism 22 of the circuit breaker 15, other than the lever maneuver 23, are immersed.
  • a toroid 26 of measuring transformer 27 giving a measurement of the current intensity circulating in the crossing.
  • An overcurrent release device 28 receives the signal and controls the opening and closing mechanism 22 of the module circuit breaker 15.
  • the current time diagram in Figure 4 shows the behavior of the device. Have been plotted on this diagram: on the ordinate the time and on the abscissa the intensity phase current.
  • the circuit breaker admits an overload I S without tripping.
  • the tripping curve 40 of the circuit breaker bends beyond I S so that at a threshold value I CCBT corresponding to the intensity of the current flowing in a phase of the primary during a three-phase short circuit at secondary of the transformer, the circuit breaker has a short tripping time, in this example 0.1 seconds.
  • the fuse blowing curve 41 is, in this zone, well above the circuit breaker breaking curve, since the blowing would only take place after 3 seconds of exposure to the current. In practice this results in the fact that in the event of a short circuit in the transformer secondary, the circuit breaker controlled by its overcurrent relay cuts the current in the transformer primary before the fuses have time to s 'warm up considerably.
  • circuit breaker trip modes are provided.
  • a or several sensors 29 of data representative of the state of the dielectric connected to a tripping device 30.
  • these data include for example measurements of the liquid level, its temperature, its pressure, or the presence of a gas in the tank.
  • a sub-assembly one-piece multifunction 50 includes a medium-voltage connection piece 51, a flexible electrical connection 52, a bushing 53 and a plug-in part 54 of the head fuse.
  • the flexible link 52 comprises a core 55 comprising a metal braid or a thin cable.
  • the sub-assembly has an outer covering 56 molded from material insulating elastomer.
  • a flange 57 allows attachment to the tank 4. This gives a electrical insulation without interruption between the middle part of fuse 11 and the connection medium voltage 51 outside the tank.
  • This device has the additional advantage by compared to the previous to eliminate a connection piece with the average switchgear source side voltage.
  • a fourth embodiment, illustrated in FIG. 7, differs from the first embodiment essentially by the structure of the bushing and the upstream connection of the fuse each phase.
  • the bushing is connected to the head connection of the limiting fuse 8, by through an electrical connection 58 consisting of a sheathed conductor. This provision, less efficient, is however also less expensive since it reduces the number of specific pieces.
  • the above examples of achievements were taken in the field of transformers medium voltage low voltage.
  • the invention is however also applicable to other types of transformers, especially to medium voltage source transformers.
  • the transformer primary connection can be either triangle or star. In the latter case, it may be useful to have on the neutral crossing a current sensor capable of driving the device with overcurrent.
  • the invention also finds application with a gaseous dielectric, in particular of SF6.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
  • Fuses (AREA)
  • Regulation Of General Use Transformers (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
EP19990410089 1998-08-14 1999-07-26 Transformateur immerge auto-protege par un dispositif incluant un disjoncteur et des fusibles Expired - Lifetime EP0981140B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9810519 1998-08-14
FR9810519A FR2782409B1 (fr) 1998-08-14 1998-08-14 Transformateur immerge auto-protege par un dispositif incluant un disjoncteur et des fusibles

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0981140A1 EP0981140A1 (fr) 2000-02-23
EP0981140B1 true EP0981140B1 (fr) 2004-01-28

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EP19990410089 Expired - Lifetime EP0981140B1 (fr) 1998-08-14 1999-07-26 Transformateur immerge auto-protege par un dispositif incluant un disjoncteur et des fusibles

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EP (1) EP0981140B1 (id)
CN (1) CN1206670C (id)
AR (1) AR021200A1 (id)
AU (1) AU753147B2 (id)
BR (1) BR9903587A (id)
DE (1) DE69914420T2 (id)
EA (1) EA002377B1 (id)
ES (1) ES2213999T3 (id)
FR (1) FR2782409B1 (id)
ID (1) ID23712A (id)
NO (1) NO320723B1 (id)

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FR2826173B1 (fr) * 2001-06-15 2003-08-15 Schneider Electric Ind Sa Transformateur de distribution auto-protege par un disjoncteur declenchant sur court-circuit secondaire
FR2831342B1 (fr) * 2001-10-22 2003-12-19 Alstom Systeme de protection d'un transformateur de distribution triphase a isolation dans un dielectrique liquide comportant un interrupteur sectionneur de phase
ES2212747B1 (es) * 2003-01-14 2005-06-01 Grupo Ormazabal, S.A. Centro de transformacion para transformador autoprotegido.
US7372678B2 (en) * 2005-08-24 2008-05-13 Leviton Manufacturing Co., Inc. Circuit interrupting device with automatic test
EP1806817A1 (en) 2006-01-09 2007-07-11 Luis Gonzalo Flores Losada Oil-immersed electrical equipment with a short-circuiting safety device
ES2527091T3 (es) 2007-12-28 2015-01-20 Constructora De Transformadores De Distribución Cotradis, S.L.U. Equipo eléctrico para red de distribución con sistema de detección, desconexión y eliminación de faltas
US20110255199A1 (en) * 2010-04-16 2011-10-20 General Electric Company Arc flash hazard reduction for transformer secondaries
ES1212088Y (es) * 2018-04-27 2018-08-03 Ormazabal Corporate Tech A I E Equipo electrico de alta tension con dispositivo de limitacion de la corriente de magnetizacion
FR3088475B1 (fr) 2018-11-08 2022-11-25 Thales Sa Système de détection et de limitation des effets de perte d'isolement d'un transformateur électrique
CN111477523B (zh) * 2020-04-14 2022-09-13 阳光电源股份有限公司 逆变箱变一体机及其保护方法
EP4195226A1 (en) * 2021-12-13 2023-06-14 Abb Schweiz Ag A subsea substation system

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Publication number Publication date
AU4444799A (en) 2000-03-09
ES2213999T3 (es) 2004-09-01
DE69914420D1 (de) 2004-03-04
AR021200A1 (es) 2002-07-03
EA199900657A2 (ru) 2000-02-28
DE69914420T2 (de) 2004-12-02
CN1206670C (zh) 2005-06-15
CN1245342A (zh) 2000-02-23
ID23712A (id) 2000-05-11
EA199900657A3 (ru) 2000-04-24
NO320723B1 (no) 2006-01-23
NO993766D0 (no) 1999-08-03
BR9903587A (pt) 2000-08-29
AU753147B2 (en) 2002-10-10
EP0981140A1 (fr) 2000-02-23
NO993766L (no) 2000-02-15
EA002377B1 (ru) 2002-04-25
FR2782409B1 (fr) 2002-11-29
FR2782409A1 (fr) 2000-02-18

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